ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to express our deep gratitude to all those who made this publication possible. We are particularly grateful to the members of the Institute for International Policy Studies in Tokyo for collaborating with us on this project—especially former Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone, who endorsed the idea in its early stages; the late Seizaburo Sato, who as Research Director or IIPS saw the merit in this study and helped us to develop our initial project design; Ambassador Yoshio Okawara, who hosted a conference in Tokyo where we were able to present our initial results and gain invaluable feedback; and Lieutenant Colonel Hisanori Kato and Major Sachio Yano, who provided vital assistance during all phases of the project. This study was formally reviewed by Mike Mochizuki and David Mosher. In addition, Richard Mesic, Richard Samuels, Ambassador Michihiko Kunihiro, Michael Green, Taizo Yakushiji, Ambassador Ryukichi Imai, and Toshiyuki Shikata also provided informal comments on various drafts. Their sharp questions and astute observations helped us to clarify and refine our arguments. Our thanks go to all of the Japanese and American officials, researchers, journalists, and experts who agreed to be interviewed for this project, in most cases on an anonymous basis. A special thanks is due our Washington, D.C.–based colleague, James Mulvenon, for his insights into the debate in Washington. This document would not be in its current form without the untiring efforts of Julie Ann Uematsu, Paul Murphy, and our editor, Miriam Polon. xxi xxii Japan and Ballistic Missile Defense Finally, we want to express our appreciation to the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership (CGP) whose generous support and enduring commitment made this project possible. While this document benefited from the efforts of many, any errors in fact or interpretation are the sole responsibility of the authors.