TABLES
1.1. Most Frequent Symptoms Among 3,558 Registry
Participants ........................................
2
3.1. Factors Leading to Individual Differences in Response to
PB................................................
19
3.2. Reasons Extrapolation from Myasthenia to Normals May
Not Be Valid ........................................
20
3.3. Aging Half-Time of Nerve Agents .........................
33
3.4. Percentage of Population Within Target Area Exposed to
Various Levels of Nerve Agent ...........................
34
3.5. Effect of Therapy With and Without Pyridostigmine
Pretreatment on Protective Ratios (PR) in Animals Exposed
to Nerve Agents......................................
37
3.6. PB PRs for Soman Exposure (Guinea Pigs) ..................
42
3.7. Problems Leading to Medical Attention After PB Use in the
PGW ..............................................
46
3.8. Symptom Frequency: Cross-Sectional Survey of 213 Israeli
Soldiers............................................
47
5.1. Most Frequent Principal Diagnoses in PGW Registry
Personnel ..........................................
58
5.2. Symptom Prevalence as Primary and Any Diagnosis ...........
59
5.3. Symptom Prevalence in Those with a Primary Diagnosis of
Good Health ........................................
59
5.4. Symptom Prevalence in Those Given a Diagnosis Other
Than SSID..........................................
60
5.5. Symptom Prevalence in Those Diagnosed with SSID ..........
60
xvii
xviii
Pyridostigmine Bromide
5.6. Registry Participation Predictors .........................
64
5.7. Odds Ratios for CDC-Defined Persian Gulf War Illness, in
Veterans from the PGW, Bosnia, or Gulf-Era Veterans Not
Deployed to the Gulf ..................................
66
8.1. Effects of Different Esterases on PB Inactivation ..............
93
8.2. Individual Variation in Esterases in Humans ................
98
8.3. PON Isoforms: Substrate Activities in Human Sera for
Sarin, Soman, and PON ................................
99
9.1. Sites of Action of PB: Possible Sites at Which Interaction
May Occur with Other Drugs and Chemicals ................ 111
9.2. Data Matrix: Binary Interactions Between PB and Selected
Exposures .......................................... 112
10.1. Bromide Blood Concentration and Toxicity ................. 136
11.1. Complaints of PGW Veterans Enrolled in Persian Gulf
Health Registry ...................................... 148
11.2. Symptoms in MCS Patients ............................. 149
11.3. New Onset Intolerances Reported by Gulf War Veterans ........ 150
A.1. Pyridostigmine Pharmacokinetic Data ..................... 287
A.2. Animal Data ........................................ 288
B.1. Physiological Findings ................................ 292
B.2. Performance ........................................ 295
B.3. Side Effects ......................................... 297