.(Al–2Cu–2Mg)
/
/
:
(
(3%NaCl))
(Al-2Cu-2Mg)
.
.
(
(3%HCl))
(600X)
, (500°C)
,
)
, (170°C)
(12%,24%)
.( (170°C)
,
-
.
.
.
.
The Effect of Heat Treatment and Thermo-Mechanical
Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of (Al-2Cu-2Mg) Alloy
Basem Mohysen Mohammed
Babylon Un/College of Mat. Eng.
Met. Mat. Eng. Dep.
Zuheir Talib Khulief Al-Tai
Babylon University/College of Eng.
Mat. Eng. Dep.
Abstract:
This study deals with the effect of heat treatment and thermo-mechanical
treatment on the corrosion behavior of (Al-2Cu-2Mg) alloy by using simple
immersion in salt solution ((3% NaCl) by weight) and acidic solution((3% HCl) by
volume) at room temperature. The weight change method and microscopic
examination are used in this study. Alloy without treatment, solution heat treated at
(500 °C), artificial aged at (170 °C) and thermo-mechanical treated (12%,24%) are
used to complete this study.
The result of effects of heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of alloy in salt
solution showed different corrosion behavior for the same alloy under the same
conditions but at different heat treatments. Solution heat-treated alloy has the lowest
loss weight levels compared with the other states untreated and artificial aged alloys
which showed convergence in corrosion rate at the final stages of the test .In other
hand the results of effects of thermo-mechanical treatment on the corrosion behavior
in salt solution showed that the lower cold working percent cause vibration in
corrosion rate while high cold working percent cause in reducing weight and lower
corrosion rate .
The result of effects of heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of alloy in
acidic solution showed that the solution-treated alloy have the lowest weight losing
compared with the untreated and artificial aged alloys where the last one show a mid
state between the other states. In the other hand the results of effects of thermomechanical treatment on the corrosion behavior in acidic solution showed that the
corrosion has been dropped with increase the cold work ratio and the results showed
decreasing in weight loss with increasing the percent of cold working.
:
,
.
(D. A.Little
,
2001
(Al-Cu-Mg-
(SCC)
and J. R. Scully)
, ( C415 C416)
(99.99%)
(0.006 –
Ag)
(NaCl)
(C416)
. 0.06 M)
(C415)
, (99.99%)
. (D.A.Little and J. R. Scully, 2001)
2001
(Eiji Akiyama , K . Asami)
.( Ti , Zr , Nb ,Ta ,Cr )
(30°C)
(1M HCl)
(passive
(H . Bohni and T.
,(Eiji Akiyama , K . Asami , 2001) film )
2002
(Al-Cu-Fe-Mn)
(2024-T3)
Suter)
(H .
(Al-Cu-Mg)
.Bohni and T. Suter ,2002)
(N. Le Bozec, D. Persson)
(FTIR Microspectroscopy
2002
( Filiform Corrosion )
,and Scanning Kelvin Probe)
,
(filament head)
,
(filament tail)
(Aluminum Chloride or Aluminum Oxy Chloride)
,
(N. Le Bozec, D. ( Aluminum hydroxide gel containing± carbonate )
(H. N. Mcmurray, G.- Williams and S.
.Persson and other,2002)
( 2002 )
(Filiform Corrosion)
,
(Scanning Kelvin
, (20°C)
(-400)
(H.N.Mcmurray,
(D.Bengtsson Blucher, J.
O. Driscoll)
(AA2024T3)
, Probe)
(0.5 HCl mol dm)
( -200 )
( Ecorr. )
( Ecorr. )
( 2002 )
,
. G.- Williams and S. O. Driscoll, 2002)
(NaCl)
E. Svensson and L.G. Johansson)
,
( AA1070
(CO2)
, ( 4,10,22,38,50,60°C)
( 95 ± 0.3 % )
,
( CO2 )
)
(4)
( CO2)
.(D.Bengtsson Blucher, J. E. Svensson and L.G. Johansson,2002)
(Ingrid Rink and D. Martin Knotter)
,
,
,(0.4%)
( 35,45°C )
,
(Ingrid Rink
.and D. Martin Knotter,2003)
( Al-2Cu-2Mg )
.
:
(1)
,(Al-2Cu-2Mg )
)
–
–
.
(Heater)
-:
.(
. (RT-1000ºC)
)
(
.
-1
-2
-:
.
-3
.
(300- 400ºC)
.
(
)
( 15mm )
(Sola Basic S.B Lindberg)
(500ºC)
,
( 200-1200ºC )
.
(2)
.
, (HERGON)
,
,(
)
.
(45min)
:
500ºC
.
(Al–2Cu–2Mg)
, (MLW)
(170ºC)
.
,
(Al–2Cu–2Mg)
.
(Cold work)
(PHYWE)
.(170ºC)
(12,24%)
:
,(Al–2Cu–2Mg)
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
(3vol% HCl )
(3wt%NaCl)
,
,
,
.( ±0.0001 )
(Sartorius)
,
,
,
,
.
:
,
(Union ME-3154)
, (600X)
.
:
(Al-2Cu-2Mg)
(1)
,(3wt%NaCl)
)
(
.
.
(290 hrs)
(2-b)
(3wt%NaCl)
.
(1)
, (45 min.)
θ(Al2Cu) )
(500° C)
. (220 hrs)
( L.Reich ,S.P.Ringer and K.Hono,1999) (,S(Al2Cu Mg)
ss)
(
)(
)
.
(220 hrs. )
( L.Reich ,S.P.Ringer and K.Hono,1999) (S',S")
( L.Reich ,S.P.Ringer and (S)
)
K.Hono,1999)
(
(Ingrid Rink and D. Martin Knotter,2003. R.G.Buchheit,
.R.K.Boger, M.W.Donohue,2001. R.G.Buchheit, R.K.Boger,2002 )
( 290 hrs)
(2-c)
(
.(
)
)
(NaCl)
( 1)
( 3 hrs )
(40 hrs
,
( S",S'
)
(170°C)
)
(170 °C
3 hrs )
, (L.Reich ,S.P.Ringer and K.Hono,1999)
.(S)
( S",S',S)
,
.
( )
(2-d)
.
.
(
( 290 hrs)
)
( S",S',S)
( S",S'
)
(170 °C
)
,( )
(3wt%NaCl
)
(12%)
.
(24%)
(3wt%NaCl
)
(3 hrs)
(170°C)
.
(4)
)
,
,
((3vol% HCl)
,
.
( )
(S , )
(Ingrid Rink and D. Martin Knotter,2003. R.G.Buchheit, R.K.Boger, (HCl)
. (45min.)
(500°C)
.M.W.Donohue,2001)
(
,
ss)
.
,
.
( 170°C )
(3vol% HCl)
.
( 3hrs. )
( S" , S'
)
,
( S(Al2CuMg) )
( S",S')
.
.
( 500°C )
( 5.5 hrs. )
( 170°C )
( 3vol% HCl )
.
(5-a)
(5-c) (5-b) (5-a)
(5-b)
((5-c)
)
.
)
( (3vol% HCl)
((3 hrs)
)
.
-
(170°C )
,(6)
.
-
.
.
-
-
.
-
.
.
:
-D.A.Little and J. R. Scully, “An Electro Chemical Framework to Explain the Intergranular Stress Corrosion Path of two Al–Cu–Mg–Ag Alloys , C415 and C416” ,
PDF, 2001 .
On the web: http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18489225
-Eiji Akiyama, K. Asami and other, “Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance of
Amorphous Aluminum alloys by Alloying Additions”, pdf, 2001.
On the web: www.nims.go.jp/pmg/html/akiyama%20Publication%20Record.htm
-H. Bohni and T. Suter “Localized Corrosion Studies on a Molecular Level”, PDF,
2002.
-N. Le Bozec, D. Persson and other, “Analysis of Filiform Corrosion on Coated
Aluminum Alloy by FTIR Micro-spectroscopy and Scanning Kelvin Probe”, PDF,
2002.
On the web: link.aip/link/?JES/149/B403/1
-H.N .Mcmurray, G. Williams and S. O. Driscoll ,”Chromate Inhibition of Filiform
Corrosion on Organic Coated AA2024T3 Aluminum Alloy Investigated using a
Scanning Kelvin Probe” , PDF .2002 .
On the web: link.aip.org/link/?ESLF616/B9/1
-D.Bengtsson Blucher, J.E.Svensson and L. G. Johansson, “The NaCl – Induced
Atmospheric Corrosion of Aluminum; the Influence of Carbon Dioxide and
Temperature”, PDF ,2002 .
On the web: direct .bl.uk/research/42/15/RN/28088222.html.
-Ingrid Rink and D. Martin Knotter, “ Passivation of Aluminum and Aluminum –
Copper Alloys in Aqueous Acids”, PDF, 2003.
On the web: www.electrochem.org/dl/ma/204/pdfs/0817.PDF
- L.Reich ,S.P.Ringer and K.Hono ,”Origin of the initial rapid age-hardening in an
Al-1.7Mg-1.1Cu alloy”. Philosophical Magazine Letters,79(9):6840.1999.
-R.G.Buchheit, R.K.Boger, M.W.Donohue, “Copper Dissolution Phenomena in AlCu and Al-Cu-Mg Alloys”,2001.
On the web : http//www.mse.ohio-stst.edu/%7Ebruedigm/RGB02.pdf
-R.G.Buchheit, R.K.Boger, “Cu Redistribution and Surface Enrichment Due to
Dissolution of Al-Cu Alloys”, 2002.
On the web: http//www.mse.ohio-stst.edu/%7Ebruedigm/RGB03.pdf
.
(1)
Cu
Al –2Cu – 2Mg
Mg
wt%
at%
wt%
at%
2
0.86
2
2.25
.
Al
remainder
(2)
t(mm)
D(mm)
d(mm)
3% HCl
2
3
15
3% NaCl
untreated
3% HCl
2
3
15
3% NaCl
S.H.T at 500° C+A.A at 170°C
3% HCl
2
2.6
16.1
S.H.T at 500° C+
C.W=12%+A.A at 170°C
2
2.3
17.1
S.H.T at 500 °C+
C.W=24%+A.A at 170°C
3% NaCl
3% HCl
3% NaCl
1.8E-5
water+3% NaCl
Weight loss/unit area (g/mm )
1.6E-5
Untreated
Solution Heat Treated at (500 C)
1.4E-5
Artificial Aged at (170)
1.2E-5
1.0E-5
8.0E-6
6.0E-6
4.0E-6
2.0E-6
0.0E+0
-2.0E-6
0
20
40
60
80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
time (hrs.)
( 1)
(3wt%NaCl)
(2-a)
(600 X)
(2-b)
(600 X) (3wt% NaCl)
170 )
(2-d)
(°C
( 600X ) (3wt% NaCl)
(2-c)
(500°C)
(600X) (3wt% NaCl)
1E-5
water+ 3% NaCl
C.W 0 %+A.A at 170 C
Weight loss / unit area(g/mm )
1E-5
C.W 12%+A.A at 170 C
C.W 24%+A.A at 170 C
8E-6
6E-6
4E-6
2E-6
0E+0
-2E-6
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
time (hrs.)
( 170 °C)
320
360
400
440
480
( )
(3wt% NaCl)
3.6E-5
Water+3% HCl
Weight loss/unit area (g/mm )
3.2E-5
Untreated
Solution Heat Treated at (500 C)
2.8E-5
Artificial Aged at (170 C)
2.4E-5
2.0E-5
1.6E-5
1.2E-5
8.0E-6
4.0E-6
0.0E+0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
time (hrs.)
6.0
( 4)
(3vol%HCl)
(5-a)
(600X ) (3vol% HCl)
(5-b)
(600X ) (3vol% HCl)
( 500 °C)
(5-c)
( 170°C)
(600 X) (3vol% HCl)
4.0E-5
Water+3% HCl
Weight loss/unit area (g/mm )
3.5E-5
CW 0 % +A.A. at 170 C
CW 12% +A.A. at 170 C
3.0E-5
CW 24% +A.A. at 170 C
2.5E-5
2.0E-5
1.5E-5
1.0E-5
5.0E-6
0.0E+0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
time (hrs.)
( 170 °C)
( 6)
(3vol%HCl)