Applying UML in
The Unified Process
Ivar Jacobson
Rational Software
email: ivar @rational.com
Before the UML
1960’s - 70’s
COBOL, FORTRAN, C
Structured analysis and design techniques
1980’s - early 1990’s
Smalltalk, Ada, C++, Visual Basic
Early generation OO methods
Mid/late 1990’s
Java
UML
Unified Process
Models and Diagrams
A model is a complete
description of a system
from a particular
perspective
Use Case
Use Case
Diagrams
Sequence
Diagrams
Diagrams
Scenario
Scenario
Diagrams
Collaboration
Diagrams
Diagrams
Scenario
Scenario
Diagrams
Statechart
Diagrams
Diagrams
Use Case
Use Case
Diagrams
Use Case
Diagrams
Diagrams
State
State
Diagrams
Class
Diagrams
Diagrams
State
State
Diagrams
Object
Diagrams
Diagrams
State
State
Diagrams
Component
Diagrams
Diagrams
Models
Component
Component
Diagrams
Deployment
Diagrams
Activity
Diagrams
Diagrams
But, the UML Is Not Enough
Team-Based
Development
Modeling
Language
Unified
Process
Creating the Unified Process
Rational Unified Process 5.0
1998
Rational Objectory Process 4.1
1996-1997
Functional testing
Performance testing
Requirements mgmt
Conf. and change mgmt
Business engineering
Data engineering
UI design
UML
The Rational Approach
Objectory Process 1.0-3.8
1987-1995
The Ericsson Approach
What Is a Process?
Defines Who is doing What, When to do it, and How
to reach a certain goal.
New or changed
requirements
Software Engineering
Process
New or changed
system
Overview of the Unified Process
The Unified Process is
Iterative and incremental
Use case driven
Architecture-centric
Lifecycle Phases
Inception
Elaboration
Construction
Transition
time
Inception
Define the scope of the project and
develop business case
Elaboration Plan project, specify features, and
baseline the architecture
Construction Build the product
Transition Transition the product to its users
Major Milestones
Inception
Elaboration
Construction
Transition
time
Vision
Baseline
Architecture
Initial
Capability
Product
Release
Phases and Iterations
Inception
Prelim
Iteration
Elaboration
...
Arch
Iteration
Release
Release
...
Construction
Dev
Iteration
Release
Dev
Iteration
Release
Release
Transition
...
Trans
Iteration
Release
...
Release
An iteration is a sequence of activities with an established plan and
evaluation criteria, resulting in an executable release
Release
Iterations and Workflow
Phases
Core Workflows
Inception
Elaboration
Construction
Transition
Requirements
An iteration in the
elaboration phase
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Test
P r e lim in a ry
Ite ra tio n (s )
ite r.
#1
ite r.
#2
ite r.
#n
ite r.
#n+1
It e r a t io n s
ite r.
#n +2
ite r.
#m
ite r.
#m +1
Workflows and Models
UML diagrams provide
views into each model
Requirements
Analysis
Design
Use Case
Model
Analysis
Model
Design
Model
Depl.
Model
Impl.
Model
Implementation
Test
Model
Test
Each workflow is
associated with one or
more models.
Use Case Model
Use Case
Diagrams
Use Case
Model
Class
Diagrams
Analysis
Model
Component
Diagrams
Design
Model
Deployment
Diagrams
Depl.
Model
Impl.
Model
Test
Model
Sequence
Diagrams
Collaboration
Diagrams
Statechart
Diagrams
Activity
Diagrams
Object
Diagrams
Analysis & Design Model
Use Case
Diagrams
Use Case
Model
Analysis
Model
Design
Model
Depl.
Model
Impl.
Model
Test
Model
Class
Diagrams
Component
Diagrams
Deployment
Diagrams
Sequence
Diagrams
Collaboration
Diagrams
Statechart
Diagrams
Activity
Diagrams
Object
Diagrams
Incl. subsystems
and packages
Deployment and Implementation Model
Use Case
Diagrams
Use Case
Model
Class
Diagrams
Analysis
Model
Component
Diagrams
Design
Model
Deployment
Diagrams
Depl.
Model
Impl.
Model
Test
Model
Sequence
Diagrams
Collaboration
Diagrams
Statechart
Diagrams
Activity
Diagrams
Object
Diagrams
Incl. active classes
and components
Test Model
Use Case
Diagrams
Use Case
Model
Class
Diagrams
Analysis
Model
Component
Diagrams
Design
Model
Deployment
Diagrams
Depl.
Model
Impl.
Model
Test
Model
Test model refers to
all other models and
uses corresponding
diagrams
Sequence
Diagrams
Collaboration
Diagrams
Statechart
Diagrams
Activity
Diagrams
Object
Diagrams
Use Case Driven
Req.ts
Analysis
Design
Impl.
Use Cases bind these workflows together
Test
Use Cases Drive Iterations
Drive a number of development activities
Creation and validation of the system’s architecture
Definition of test cases and procedures
Planning of iterations
Creation of user documentation
Deployment of system
Synchronize the content of different models
Architecture-Centric
Models are vehicles for visualizing, specifying,
constructing, and documenting architecture
The Unified Process prescribes the successive
refinement of an executable architecture
Inception
Elaboration
Construction
time
Architecture
Transition
Architecture and Models
Use Case
Model
Analysis
Model
Design
Model
Depl.
Model
Impl.
Model
Test
Model
Models
Views
Architecture embodies a collection of views of the models
Function versus Form
Use cases
Architecture
• Use case specify function; architecture specifies form
• Use cases and architecture must be balanced
The Unified Process is Engineered
A unit of work
A role played by an
individual or a team
Activity
Worker
Analyst
responsible for
Use case
Describe a
Use Case
Artifact
A piece of information that is
produced, modified, or used
by a process
Use case
package
The Unified Process is a Process Framework
There is NO Universal Process!
• The Unified Process is designed for flexibility and extensibility
» allows a variety of lifecycle strategies
» selects what artifacts to produce
» defines activities and workers
» models concepts
Two Parts of a Unified Whole
The Unified
Modeling
Language
• OMG
standard
The Unified
Process
• Convergence
in the future
• Convergence
through
process
frameworks