2
Figure 1
Number of Young Adults Ages 18 to 29 in Prison or Jail,
1999-2010
1,000,000
865,400
813,600
800,000
862,300
823,300
779,700
745,200
Total
600,000
Age 18-19
Age 20-24
Age 25-29
400,000
368,800
345,500
337,900
317,400
200,000
82,300
0
1998
73,000
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Data for 1998-2009: West, H. (2010). Prison and jail inmates at midyear {Various Years} Washington, DC:
Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Data for 2010: U.S. Department of Justice, Paul Guerino, personal communication, March 6, 2012.
3
Figure 2
Percentage of Young Adults Ages 18 to 29 in Prison, By
Gender and Race/Hispanic Origin, 2010
Other
male
6.0
All females
7.9
Non-Hispanic white
male
25.7
Hispanic male
23.1
Non-Hispanic black
male
37.2
Note: Percentages do not add up to one hundred due to rounding. The other category includes American
Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders.
Data for 2010: Child Trends calculations using data from U.S. Department of Justice, Paul Guerino, personal
communication, March 6, 2012.
4
Figure 3
Percent of Young Adults Ages 20 to 24 in Prison or Jail, By
Gender and Race/Hispanic Origin, 2010
20%
Non-Hispanic black
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic white
15%
10%
8.0%
5%
3.3%
1.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0%
Males, 20-24
Females, 20-24
Data for 2010: Child trends analysis from U.S. Department of Justice, Paul Guerino, personal
communication, March 6, 2012. and U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, National Intercensal Estimates
(2000-2010), found at http://www.census.gov/popest/data/intercensal/national/nat2010.html
5
What Works to Make Progress on This Indicator
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Appendix 1 - Number of Young Adults in State or Federal Prison and Local Jails, By
Gender, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1999-2010
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20101
82,300
85,200
88,300
83,000
76,500
77,700
78,541
80,500
92,100
91,800
72,400
73,000
78,600
81,300
84,200
78,800
72,200
73,200
73,891
75,600
86,600
86,300
68,200
68,700
Non-Hispanic white
24,400
26,200
27,400
23,100
23,500
24,300
24,141
24,800
27,100
26,500
21,100
20,100
Non-Hispanic black
35,300
36,700
37,800
35,800
32,600
33,000
32,139
33,000
36,500
37,100
29,400
28,200
Hispanic
16,000
15,600
15,700
16,100
13,300
13,600
14,428
15,300
17,700
18,400
14,300
14,800
3,700
3,900
4,100
4,200
4,300
4,500
4,651
4,900
5,500
5,500
4,200
4,200
Non-Hispanic white
1,700
1,900
2,000
1,800
1,700
1,800
1,916
2,000
2,300
2,200
1,800
1,800
Non-Hispanic black
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,515
1,600
1,500
1,500
1,400
900
500
500
500
900
1,000
1,000
1,072
1,200
1,300
1,300
1,000
1,100
317,400
329,700
347,900
363,000
371,600
378,900
385,237
395,300
384,300
383,900
331,000
337,900
298,600
310,100
326,900
340,900
346,200
352,000
356,977
365,700
353,300
353,100
318,800
311,200
Non-Hispanic white
91,400
99,500
104,700
97,000
102,700
107,300
106,956
111,100
108,200
104,000
92,300
85,200
Non-Hispanic black
136,200
142,800
151,400
159,700
161,300
161,900
154,476
160,000
145,600
148,500
135,000
129,000
62,000
60,000
61,900
73,200
73,800
74,500
80,171
84,900
80,100
83,300
76,600
76,300
18,800
19,600
21,000
22,100
25,400
26,900
28,261
29,600
31,000
30,800
26,700
26,700
Non-Hispanic white
7,200
8,300
9,100
9,600
11,000
12,000
13,018
13,900
14,200
13,900
12,200
12,600
Non-Hispanic black
7,200
7,400
7,700
7,500
8,900
9,100
8,907
9,300
9,000
9,000
8,800
6,400
Hispanic
3,900
3,500
3,800
4,500
4,900
5,200
5,388
5,900
6,100
6,300
5,600
5,300
Age 18-19
Male2
Female2
Hispanic
Age 20-24
Male2
Hispanic
Female2
9
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20101
345,500
359,900
372,100
367,600
358,300
366,700
379,450
389,600
386,100
386,600
374,800
368,800
316,800
329,900
340,000
340,800
332,300
339,600
350,522
359,300
354,100
354,600
360,800
337,900
Non-Hispanic white
96,000
104,900
110,000
97,800
93,000
97,700
99,467
103,700
106,200
99,900
101,100
94,900
Non-Hispanic black
152,200
160,200
163,600
161,600
154,000
155,600
150,401
156,200
143,400
148,400
149,700
132,900
59,600
58,400
59,200
72,000
78,400
78,700
85,899
90,800
83,900
87,100
90,800
89,300
28,700
30,000
31,300
26,800
26,000
27,100
28,928
30,300
32,000
32,000
30,400
30,900
Non-Hispanic white
9,600
11,200
12,000
10,200
10,900
11,700
12,745
13,700
14,500
14,200
14,000
14,300
Non-Hispanic black
13,200
13,500
13,700
10,500
9,800
9,900
9,666
10,100
10,000
10,100
10,700
7,900
4,700
4,000
4,100
4,700
4,700
4,700
5,073
5,600
5,700
6,000
5,800
5,900
Age 25-29
Male2
Hispanic
Female2
Hispanic
1
Data source used to estimate race and Hispanic origin changed in 2010. Use caution when comparing to prior years. Detailed categories exclude persons who reported two
or more races.
2
Includes races/ethnicities not shown separately: American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders.
Sources: Data for 1999: Beck, A. J. (2000). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 1999 (No. NCJ 181643). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2000: Beck, A.
J., & Karberg, J. C. (2001). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2000 (No. NCJ 185989). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2001: Beck, A. J., Karberg, J.
C., & Harrison, P. M. (2002). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2001 (No. NCJ 191702). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2002: Harrison, P. M., &
Karberg, J. C. (2003). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2002 (No. NCJ 198877). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2003: Harrison, P. M., & Karberg, J.
C. (2004). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2003 (No. NCJ 203947). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2004: Harrison, P. M., & Beck, A. J. (2005).
Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2004. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2005: Harrison, P. M., & Beck, A. J. (2006). Prison and jail inmates at
midyear 2005 (No. NCJ 213133). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2006: Sabol, W. J., Minton, T. D., & Harrison, P. M. (2007). Prison and jail inmates at
midyear 2006. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2007: Sabol W.J., & Couture, H. (2008). Prison inmates at midyear 2007 (No. NCJ 221944).
Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2008: West, H., & Sabol, W.J. (2009). Prison inmates at midyear 2008 (No. NCJ 225619).Washington, DC: Bureau of
Justice Statistics. Data for 2009: West, H. (2010). Prison inmates at midyear 2009 (No. NCJ 230113).Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2010: U.S.
Department of Justice, Paul Guerino, personal communication, March 6, 2012.
10
Appendix 2 - Percent of Young Adults in State or Federal Prison and Local
Jails, By Gender, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1999-2010
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20101
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.5
1.5
Non-Hispanic white
0.9
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
Non-Hispanic black
5.8
6.0
6.1
5.7
5.1
5.1
4.8
4.8
5.2
5.3
4.2
3.8
Hispanic
2.5
2.3
2.4
2.3
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.3
1.7
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Non-Hispanic white
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Non-Hispanic black
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
Hispanic
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.2
2.9
2.8
Non-Hispanic white
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.3
Non-Hispanic black
10.4
10.6
10.8
10.9
10.8
10.5
9.9
10.2
9.1
9.2
8.2
8.0
4.1
3.2
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.9
4.2
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
Non-Hispanic white
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Non-Hispanic black
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
Hispanic
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
Age 18-19
Male2
Female2
Age 20-24
Male2
Hispanic
Female2
11
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20101
Age 25-29
Male2
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.2
Non-Hispanic white
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.5
Non-Hispanic black
12.3
12.8
13.2
13.1
12.3
12.0
11.2
11.1
9.8
9.8
9.7
9.4
4.2
3.2
3.1
3.7
3.9
3.8
4.0
4.1
3.7
3.8
4.0
3.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
Non-Hispanic white
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Non-Hispanic black
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.5
Hispanic
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
Hispanic
Female2
1
Estimates for 1999 based on the U.S. resident population for July 1st of the respective year and adjusted for the 1990 census undercount. Estimates for 2000-2009 based on intercensal estimates
of the U.S. resident population as of July 1 of the respective year (by gender, age, race and Hispanic origin).
2
Includes races/ethnicities not shown separately: American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders.
Sources: Data for 1999: Beck, A. J. (2000). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 1999 (No. NCJ 181643). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2000: Beck, A. J., & Karberg, J. C.
(2001). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2000 (No. NCJ 185989). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2001: Beck, A. J., Karberg, J. C., & Harrison, P. M. (2002). Prison and jail
inmates at midyear 2001 (No. NCJ 191702). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2002: Harrison, P. M., & Karberg, J. C. (2003). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2002 (No. NCJ
198877). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2003: Harrison, P. M., & Karberg, J. C. (2004). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2003 (No. NCJ 203947). Washington, DC: Bureau
of Justice Statistics. Data for 2004: Harrison, P. M., & Beck, A. J. (2005). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2004. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2005: Harrison, P. M., &
Beck, A. J. (2006). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2005 (No. NCJ 213133). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2006: Sabol, W. J., Minton, T. D., & Harrison, P. M. (2007).
Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2006. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2007: Sabol W.J., & Couture, H. (2008). Prison inmates at midyear 2007 (No. NCJ 221944).
Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2008: West, H., & Sabol, W.J. (2009). Prison inmates at midyear 2008 (No. NCJ 225619).Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for
2009: West, H. (2010). Prison inmates at midyear 2009 (No. NCJ 230113).Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data for 2010: U.S. Department of Justice, Paul Guerino, personal
communication, March 6, 2012. and U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, National Intercensal Estimates (2000-2010), found at
http://www.census.gov/popest/data/intercensal/national/nat2010.html
12
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