th
This guide is based on the 10 edition of the AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors, available in the library’s
reference section at R119 .A533 2007.
Arranging your Citations
Cite references in your text with superscript numbers that refer to an endnote reference list of full citations. Endnote reference lists
should present citations numbered and listed in the order in which they are introduced in the text. Reference list entries should be
single spaced with one blank space between each entry.
If you cite the same source more than once, reuse the initial number it was assigned, but also include the page referred to in
superscript parentheses in the in-text citation.
AMA style requires the use of official journal abbreviations, which you can find in the Journals in NCBI Databases catalog
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals).
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Single author · Online with Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Sizer PS, Jr. Evidence-based manual therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain: the challenges. Pain Pract. 2010;10(5):379-381. doi:
10.1111/j.1533-2500.2010.00416.x.
Online journal article without DOI
Li LC, Bombardier C. Physical therapy management of low back pain: an exploratory survey of therapist approaches. Phys Ther.
2001;81(4):1018-1028. http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/81/4/1018.full.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2011.
Two to six authors · In print
McLaughlin L, Goldsmith CH, Coleman K. Breathing evaluation and retraining as an adjunct to manual therapy. Man Ther.
2011;16(1):51-52.
More than six authors · In print
Okubo Y, Kaneoka K, Imai A, et al. Electromyographic analysis of transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus using wire electrodes
during lumbar stabilization exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40(11):743-750.
In a supplement
Walters BC. Oscillating field stimulation in the treatment of spinal cord injury. PM R. 2010;2(12)(suppl 2):S286-S291.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
In print
Tarkan L. E.R. Patients often left confused after visits. New York Times. September 16, 2008:F1.
Online
Kelly, C. Physical therapy and the camaraderie of healing. New York Times. February 17, 2009:D5.
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/17/health/17case.html. Accessed June 15, 2011.
BOOKS
Single author · Reference to whole book
Jewell DV. Guide to Evidence-Based Physical Therapy Practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 2008.
More than one author · Reference to whole book · Numbered edition
(list all authors up to six; for six or more list first three followed by et al.)
Campbell SK, Palisano RJ, Orlin MN. Physical Therapy for Children. 4th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.
Edited book · Reference to whole book
Meadows L, Raine S, Lynch-Ellerington M, eds. Bobath Concept: Theory and Clinical Practice in Neurological Rehabilitation.
Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009.
BOOKS, CONT.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book
Woerman AL. Evaluation and treatment of dysfunction in the lumbar-pelvic-hip complex. In: Donatelli R, Wooden MJ, eds.
Orthopaedic Physical Therapy. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2001:378-436.
Electronic book
Timmreck TC. Planning, Program Development, and Evaluation. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 1995.
http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=25813. Accessed June 15, 2011.
THESES & DISSERTATIONS
Dissertation
Knoll EG. Mental Evolution and the Science of Language: Darwin, Muller, and Romanes on the Development of the Human Mind
[dissertation]. Chicago, Ill: Committee on the Conceptual Foundations of Science, University of Chicago; 1987.
Thesis
McMullen MMF. Risk Activities Associated with Cumulative Trauma Disorder and the Obstacles to Its Prevention in Occupational
Therapists Whose Primary Area of Practice Is Hand Therapy. [master’s thesis]. Tacoma: University of Puget Sound; 1999.
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
In print · Authors given
Burt CW, McCaig LF, Simon AE. Emergency Department Visits by Persons Recently Discharged from U.S. Hospitals. Hyattsville,
MD: National Center for Health Statistics, US Dept. of Health and Human Services; 2008.
In print · No author
National Cancer Institute. Pain Control. Rev ed. Rockville, MD: National Cancer Institute, US Dept. of Health and Human Services;
2008.
Agency webpage · No author
Center for Disease Control. Falls among Older Adults: an Overview. http://www.cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSafety/Falls/
adultfalls.html. Updated December 8, 2010. Accessed June 29, 2011.
WEB SITES
Webpage · Author given
Rubenstein L. Falls and balance problems. The AGS Foundation for Health in Aging Web site. http://www.healthinaging.org/
public_education/pef/falls_and_balance_problems.php. Accessed May 24, 2011.
Webpage · No author
Exercise and physical activity for older adults. NIHSeniorHealth Web site. http://nihseniorhealth.gov/exerciseforolderadults/toc.html.
Published January 20, 2010. Accessed May 24, 2011.
General structure of a web site citation
Authors (if given). Title of specific item cited (if this is untitled, use the name of the organization responsible for the site). Name of
the Whole Web site. URL. Published [date]. Updated [date]. Accessed [date].