14 December 2012
Population and Housing Censuses 2011
According to the Census, Spain has a population of 46,815,916
inhabitants at 1 November 2011, with growth of almost 6 million
persons in a decade
The number of foreign nationals stands at 5,252,473 persons
The Population Census, conducted during the last months of 2011 and the first months
of 2012, is the largest statistical operation that the INE carries out every ten years.
Among other information that the INE will disseminate over the coming months, it
provides the population figures for each of the municipalities in Spain, which are being
presented today. This population reached 46,815,916 inhabitants at 1 November 2011
(the Census date). In comparison with the 2001 Census, the population grew by
5,968,545 persons, indicating a 14.6% increase.
Taking into account the information from other Censuses, there had never been such a
large increase in population, in absolute terms or in relative terms.
Comparison of the population between 2001 and 2011
Population
Census 2001 (*)
Increase
Census 2011 (*)
Absolute
Relative (%)
Spaniards
39,275,358
41,563,443
2,288,085
5.8%
Males
19,194,881
20,372,386
1,177,505
6.1%
Females
20,080,477
21,191,057
1,110,580
5.5%
1,572,013
5,252,473
3680460
234.1%
Males
818,001
2,731,917
1,913,916
234.0%
Females
754,012
2,520,556
1,766,544
234.3%
Total
40,847,371
46,815,916
5,968,545
14.6%
Males
20,012,882
23,104,303
3,091,421
15.4%
Females
20,834,489
23,711,613
2,877,124
13.8%
Foreign nationals
(*) figures referring to 1 November
The main cause of the increase in population between 2001 and 2011 was due to the
strong increase in the foreign population. More than 3.5 million foreign nationals
arrived in Spain during this period.
The Spanish population experienced a much smaller increase, in relative terms, than
the foreign population, and grew from somewhat more than 39 million inhabitants in
2001 to more than 41.5 million inhabitants. There were several reasons for this growth,
such as an increase in life expectancy since the previous Census, an increase in the
birth rate (above all during the 2005-2009 period) or the fact that many foreign
nationals acquired Spanish citizenship.
1
The population figures from the 2011 Population and Housing Censuses were obtained
using the information existing in different administrative registers, the Municipal
Register being the main register used, as well as a large survey that was conducted on
more than 10% of the population.
This Census was characterised by being the first that had to comply with community
1
regulation . This will enable a greater and improved comparability of the data
between the member countries of the European Union. Information relating to
buildings and dwellings will be provided in the first months of 2013; prior to the end of
the coming year, all of the data on the remaining census variables will have been
disseminated.
Data by Autonomous Community and province: Almost generalised, but
unequal, increase
The population increase in the last ten years occurred in all of the Autonomous
Communities, though it was distributed very unequally, with the islands and Levante
recording the greatest increase and the Northwest of the peninsula registering the
smallest increase.
Total population and population by Autonomous Community. Variation as
compared with 2001
Census 2011
Variation (%)
1,100,503
841,669
30.8%
Canarias
2,082,655
1,694,477
22.9%
Melilla
81,323
66,411
22.5%
Murcia, Región de
1,462,128
1,197,646
22.1%
Comunitat Valenciana
5,009,931
4,162,776
20.4%
Castilla - La Mancha
2,106,331
1,760,516
19.6%
Cataluña
7,519,843
6,343,110
18.6%
Madrid, Comunidad de
6,421,874
5,423,384
18.4%
83,517
71,505
16.8%
321,173
276,702
16.1%
640,129
555,829
15.2%
46,815,916
40,847,371
14.6%
Ceuta
Rioja, La
Navarra, Comunidad Foral de
National Total
Andalucía
8,371,270
7,357,558
13.8%
Aragón
1,344,509
1,204,215
11.7%
592,542
535,131
10.7%
Cantabria
1
Census 2001
Balears, Illes
País Vasco
2,185,393
2,082,587
4.9%
Extremadura
1,104,499
1,058,503
4.3%
Castilla y León
2,540,188
2,456,474
3.4%
Galicia
2,772,928
2,695,880
2.9%
Asturias, Principado de
1,075,183
1,062,998
1.1%
European Parliament and Council Regulation 763/2008 and other Commission regulations that consider it.
2
Growth of the population, by Autonomous Community, between 2001
and 2011 (%)
Illes Balears
30.8
Canarias
22.9
Melilla
22.5
Región de Murcia
22.1
Comunitat Valenciana
20.4
Castilla - La Mancha
19.6
Cataluña
18.6
Comunidad de Madrid
18.4
Ceuta
16.8
La Rioja
16.1
Comunidad Foral de Navarra
15.2
National Total
14.6
Andalucía
13.8
Aragón
11.7
Cantabria
10.7
País Vasco
4.9
Extremadura
4.3
Castilla y León
3.4
Galicia
Principado de Asturias
2.9
1.1
Regarding the provinces, Guadalajara grew the most, with 47%, followed by Girona,
with 33% and Tarragona, with 32%. Only four provinces experienced a decrease in
population (Zamora, Ourense, Lugo and Palencia).
Relative population growth, by province, between 2001 and 2011 (%)
3
The ten provinces with the greatest population growth between 2001
and 2011 (%)
47,1
Guadalajara
Girona
33,0
Tarragona
32,4
Illes Balears
30,8
Toledo
30,3
Almería
28,3
Alicante/Alacant
26,7
Málaga
23,9
Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Castellón/Castelló
23,4
22,7
The ten provinces with the smallest population growth between 2001 and 2011 (%)
3,7
Jaén
Bizkaia
3,0
Cáceres
2,2
Salamanca
1,3
Asturias
1,1
León
0,9
Palencia
-2,1
Lugo
-2,7
Ourense
Zamora
-2,9
-3,8
Data by municipality
2
The municipality that grew the most since the 2001 Census, in relative terms, was
Yebes (Guadalajara), which saw its population multiplied by 10, increasing from 203
inhabitants in 2001 to 2,099 currently. Out of the ten municipalities that grew the most
in relative terms, four were in the province of Guadalajara. Cuarte de Huerva
(Zaragoza) and Egüés (Navarra) were the municipalities with more than 10,000
inhabitants that grew the most, in relative terms, since the 2001 Census, with increases
greater than 400% in both cases.
2
All of the population figures of the municipalities may be viewed at www.ine.es, in the
following section: Censos 2011.
4
The municipalities that grew the most in absolute terms were Madrid (+259,922
inhabitants), Barcelona (+107,129) and Palma de Mallorca (+68,243).
The 20 municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants and with the greatest relative
population increase between 2001 and 2011 (%)
431,2
Cuarte de Huerva (Zaragoza)
407,5
Egüés (Navarra)
Arroyomolinos (Madrid)
299,5
281,7
Alovera (Guadalajara)
Seseña (Toledo)
252,6
238,4
Arroyo de la Encomienda (Valladolid)
210,3
Paracuellos de Jarama (Madrid)
Yaiza (Las Palmas)
188,2
184,1
El Casar (Guadalajara)
La Nucia (Alicante/Alacant)
159,5
154,3
Villanueva del Pardillo (Madrid)
151,8
Yuncos (Toledo)
Espartinas (Sevilla)
La Oliva (Las Palmas)
Manilva (Málaga)
Rojales (Alicante/Alacant)
143,2
116,4
114,3
111,9
Adeje (Santa Cruz de Tenerife)
111,7
Valdemoro (Madrid)
109,1
Rivas-Vaciamadrid (Madrid)
Illescas (Toledo)
106,7
103,0
The 20 municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants and which gained the most
population between 2001 and 2011 (in the number of inhabitants)
Madrid
259.922
Barcelona
107.129
Palma de Mallorca
68.243
Murcia
66.922
Zaragoza
Valencia
63.210
53.613
Alicante/Alacant
44.745
Parla (Madrid)
42.832
Terrassa (Barcelona)
40.631
Torrevieja (Alicante/Alacant)
39.144
Rivas-Vaciamadrid (Madrid)
38.123
Málaga
37.021
Roquetas de Mar (Almería)
36.703
Valdemoro (Madrid)
36.185
Marbella (Málaga)
35.088
Arona (Santa Cruz de Tenerife)
34.658
Elche/Elx (Alicante/Alacant)
32.650
Cartagena (Murcia)
31.071
Castellón de la Plana/ Castelló de la Plana
28.631
Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz)
28.511
4,145 municipalities (more than 50% of the total for Spain) recorded a drop in
population over these 10 years, but only 54 of them had more than 10,000 inhabitants.
Of them, the municipality that lost the greatest percentage of its population was
Villablino (León), which saw an 18% decrease in the number of inhabitants. Seven of
the ten municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants and which lost the most
population since the 2001 Census were in Asturias.
5
The municipalities that lost the post population, in absolute terms, were Cádiz, which
lost 9,349 inhabitants, Ferrol (A Coruña), which lost 6.260 and Mieres, in Principado de
Asturias (which lost 5,294).
The 20 municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants and with the greatest relative
population decrease between 2001 and 2011 (%)
Villablino (León)
-17,8
Aller (Asturias)
-17,3
Tineo (Asturias)
-15,5
Cangas del Narcea (Asturias)
-14,7
Valdés (Asturias)
-11,7
-11,1
San Martín del Rey Aurelio (Asturias)
-11,1
Mieres (Asturias)
Sestao (Bizkaia)
-9,3
-9,0
Lena (Asturias)
-8,9
As Pontes de García Rodríguez (A Coruña)
Ferrol (A Coruña)
-8,0
Badia del Vallès (Barcelona)
-7,5
Basauri (Bizkaia)
-7,3
Cádiz
-7,0
-6,7
Santa Comba (A Coruña)
-6,6
Portugalete (Bizkaia)
-6,4
Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo (Córdoba)
-6,0
Reinosa (Cantabria)
-6,0
Grado (Asturias)
Arrasate/Mondragón (Gipuzkoa)
-4,9
The 20 municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants and which lost the most
population between 2001 and 2011 (in the number of inhabitants)
-9.349
Cádiz
Ferrol (A Coruña)
-6.260
Mieres (As turias )
-5.294
Valladolid
-4.898
Salam anca
-4.710
Portugalete (Bizkaia)
-3.368
Bas auri (Bizkaia)
-3.308
Ses tao (Bizkaia)
-2.968
Santander
-2.622
Aller (As turias )
-2.528
Cangas del Narcea (As turias )
-2.423
-2.254
San Martín del Rey Aurelio (As turias )
-2.221
Villablino (León)
-2.033
-1.951
-1.797
-1.725
-1.227
Getxo (Bizkaia)
Tineo (As turias )
Langreo (As turias )
Valdés (As turias )
Lena (As turias )
-1.143
Arras ate/Mondragón (Gipuzkoa)
-1.111
Badia del Vallès (Barcelona)
Population by size of the municipality
For the whole of the decade, a reduction was observed in the percentage of the
population living in small municipalities (with fewer than 2,000 inhabitants), along with
an increase in the population resident in medium-sized municipalities, with the group
of municipalities with 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants presenting the most significant
growth.
6
Variation of the population, by size of the municipality 2001-2011
Nº municipios
Censo 2011
Población
Censo 2001
Censo 2011
Censo 2001
Incremento
(%)
40.847.371
14,6%
TOTAL
8.116
8.108
46.815.916
Menos de 101 hab
De 101 a 500 hab
De 501 a 1.000 hab
De 1.001 a 2.000 hab
De 2.001 a 5.000 hab
De 5.001 a 10.000 hab
De 10.001 a 20.000 hab
De 20.001 a 50.000 hab
De 50.001 a 100.000 hab
1.138
2.694
1.054
922
1.000
553
361
250
82
981
2.848
1.122
992
1.005
510
334
197
63
68.166
674.546
754.758
1.313.798
3.161.478
3.877.467
5.131.973
7.422.185
5.857.902
60.396
714.260
796.662
1.426.139
3.156.725
3.497.229
4.673.214
5.839.977
4.231.284
12,9%
-5,6%
-5,3%
-7,9%
0,2%
10,9%
9,8%
27,1%
38,4%
56
50
11.014.339
9.446.485
16,6%
6
6
7.539.304
7.005.000
7,6%
De 100.001 a 500.000 hab
Más de 500.000 hab
Analysing the population in the smallest municipalities, the 2,000 smallest
municipalities in Spain (a quarter of the total) barely account for 183,000 persons (0.4%
of the population), with a decrease greater than 9% over the decade.
Population of the smallest municipalities in 2001 and in 2011
Censo 2001
Los 1.000 municipios más pequeños
Los 2.000 municipios más pequeños
Los 5.000 municipios más pequeños
62.318
201.955
1.621.137
Censo 2011
54.832
183.174
1.615.960
Variación (%)
‐12,0%
‐9,3%
‐0,3%
7
Foreign population
Since the last Census, a very important increase occurred in the foreign population
resident in Spain. Of particular note was the increase in Rumanian and Moroccan
persons, in absolute terms, and in Paraguayan, Bolivian and Rumanian persons, in
relative terms.
Relative growth of the foreign population between 2001 and 2011. Nationalities with
the greatest absolute increase (%)
Bolivia
1,523.4
Romania
1,287.2
China
520.1
Bulgaria
471.7
Italy
382.2
Foreigners Total
234.1
The United Kingdom
229.0
Peru
221.9
Morocco
212.2
Colombia
56.2
Ecuador
46.3
Growth of the foreign population. 2001- 2011
Population
Nationality
TOTAL
Romania
Morocco
The United Kingdom
Bolivia
China
Italy
Bulgaria
Ecuador
Colombia
Peru
Portugal
Paraguay
Germany
Brazil
Ukraine
Dominican Republic
Poland
Pakistan
Argentina
France
Rest of countries
Census 2011
5,252,473
798,104
773,966
312,098
183,626
171,128
177,520
150,878
316,756
250,087
124,041
121,741
77,205
153,245
87,973
84,136
91,353
75,484
69,163
105,219
100,798
1,027,952
Increase
Census 2001
1,572,013
57,533
247,941
94,862
11,311
27,595
36,815
26,391
216,474
160,104
38,531
40,863
1,113
78,020
18,305
22,197
31,582
16,348
10,129
47,661
46,894
341,344
Absolute
3,680,460
740,571
526,025
217,236
172,315
143,533
140,705
124,487
100,282
89,983
85,510
80,878
76,092
75,225
69,668
61,939
59,771
59,136
59,034
57,558
53,904
686,608
Relative (%)
234.1%
1,287.2%
212.2%
229.0%
1,523.4%
520.1%
382.2%
471.7%
46.3%
56.2%
221.9%
197.9%
6,836.7%
96.4%
380.6%
279.0%
189.3%
361.7%
582.8%
120.8%
114.9%
201.1%
8
Relative growth of the foreign population between 2001 and 2011. Nationalities with
the greatest growth (%) Women.
Paraguay
7,479.2
Bolivia
1,634.1
Romania
1,540.5
China
549.7
Bulgaria
519.2
Italy
404.4
Morocco
256.0
TOTAL
234.3
United Kingdom
227.6
Colombia
49.1
Ecuador
42.3
Relative growth of the foreign population between 2001 and 2011. Nationalities with
the greatest growth (%) Men.
Bolivia
1,388.0
Romania
1,112.7
China
495.8
Bulgaria
435.1
Italy
367.5
Portugal
260.6
TOTAL
234.0
United Kingdom
230.3
Morocco
Colombia
Ecuador
187.8
65.9
50.5
In all of the Autonomous Communities, there was a significant increase in the number
of foreign nationals, as compared with the previous Census. Nonetheless, there were
Autonomous Communities, such as Illes Balears, Región de Murcia, Comunitat
Valenciana and Cataluña, in which the percentage of foreign nationals represented
over 15% of their Autonomous Community.
On the other hand, the number of foreign nationals was higher in certain areas, such
as large capitals, islands and Spanish Levante, whereas other areas, such as the
Northwest of the mainland and the least-population municipalities of the centre,
recorded lower percentages of foreign nationals.
9
Growth of the foreign population, by Autonomous Community. 2001 – 2011
Population
Census 2011
TOTAL
Variation
Census 2001
Absolute
% Foreign nationals
As compared
with the
population total
Relative
As compared
with the total for
foreign nationals
5,252,473
1,572,013
3,680,460
234.1%
11.2%
100.0%
Castilla - La Mancha
215,469
40,668
174,801
429.8%
10.2%
4.1%
País Vasco
141,947
31,168
110,779
355.4%
6.5%
2.7%
Castilla y León
163,260
37,674
125,586
333.3%
6.4%
3.1%
37,457
8,661
28,796
332.5%
6.3%
0.7%
Cantabria
Aragón
164,770
38,314
126,456
330.1%
12.3%
3.1%
Andalucía
658,139
178,130
480,009
269.5%
7.9%
12.5%
21.5%
Cataluña
1,128,445
310,307
818,138
263.7%
15.0%
Asturias, Principado de
47,711
13,254
34,457
260.0%
4.4%
0.9%
Comunitat Valenciana
756,772
217,673
539,099
247.7%
15.1%
14.4%
Extremadura
38,698
11,271
27,427
243.3%
3.5%
0.7%
Rioja, La
44,121
12,865
31,256
243.0%
13.7%
0.8%
Murcia, Región de
226,343
69,556
156,787
225.4%
15.5%
4.3%
Balears, Illes
222,120
68,825
153,295
222.7%
20.2%
4.2%
Galicia
103,685
35,152
68,533
195.0%
3.7%
2.0%
Canarias
276,524
97,950
178,574
182.3%
13.3%
5.3%
65,323
24,274
41,049
169.1%
10.2%
1.2%
945,252
366,096
579,156
158.2%
14.7%
18.0%
Navarra, Comunidad Foral de
Madrid, Comunidad de
Ceuta
5,417
3,246
2,171
66.9%
6.5%
0.1%
Melilla
11,021
6,929
4,092
59.1%
13.6%
0.2%
Percentage of the foreign population, by province. 2011
10
The ten provinces with the highest percentage of foreign population in 2011 (%)
Alicante/Alacant
20,5
20,3
Girona
Illes Balears
20,2
19,9
Almería
Lleida
17,6
17,5
Tarragona
Castellón/Castelló
16,8
Murcia
15,5
Málaga
15,4
Guadalajara
15,2
The ten provinces with the greatest growth in the foreign population between 2001
and 2011 (%)
Ávila
627,6
Guadalajara
510,9
Huelva
489,2
Lleida
478,9
Cuenca
476,0
Ciudad Real
469,6
Zamora
460,5
Teruel
447,3
Toledo
429,4
Badajoz
429,3
The ten provinces with the lowest percentage of foreign population in 2011 (%)
4,2
Palencia
4,0
Lugo
Sevilla
3,9
Pontevedra
3,9
3,8
Cádiz
3,7
Cáceres
3,4
Badajoz
3,3
Jaén
3,3
A Coruña
Córdoba
3,0
11
Foreign population, by municipality
The municipality with more than 10,000 inhabitants and with the highest percentage of
foreign population was Rojales (Alicante), with 72%. The five municipalities with more
than 10,000 inhabitants and with the highest proportion of foreign population were in
the province of Alicante (the other four were Teulada, L'Alfás del Pí, Calp y Jávea /
Xabia). On the other hand, the municipality with more than 10,000 inhabitants and with
the lowest percentage of foreign population was Ubrique (Cádiz), with less than 1%
foreign nationals.
The 20 municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants and with the highest
percentage of foreign population in 2011 (%)
Rojales (Alicante/Alacant)
71,5
Teulada (Alicante/Alacant)
58,9
52,7
L' Alfàs del Pi (Alicante/Alacant)
52,3
Calp (Alicante/Alacant)
49,0
Jávea/Xàbia (Alicante/Alacant)
Castelló d'Empúries (Girona)
47,7
Adeje (Santa Cruz de Tenerife)
46,8
45,8
Torrevieja (Alicante/Alacant)
Mogán (Las Palmas)
45,3
Santiago del Teide (Santa Cruz de Tenerife)
Mazarrón (Murcia)
45,2
44,0
La Oliva (Las Palmas)
Yaiza (Las Palmas)
Tías (Las Palmas)
Pájara (Las Palmas)
Salt (Girona)
43,6
42,2
41,9
41,9
40,9
Pilar de la Horadada (Alicante/Alacant)
40,9
Antigua (Las Palmas)
40,7
Manilva (Málaga)
40,1
Arona (Santa Cruz de Tenerife)
40,1
The 20 municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants and with the greatest growth
in the foreign population between 2001 and 2011 (%)
Cantillana (Sevilla)
Cuarte de Huerva (Zaragoza)
Medina-Sidonia (Cádiz)
Alcalá del Río (Sevilla)
Alcalá la Real (Jaén)
Villafranca de los Barros (Badajoz)
Arroyomolinos (Madrid)
Osuna (Sevilla)
Pilas (Sevilla)
Alcaudete (Jaén)
Lebrija (Sevilla)
La Algaba (Sevilla)
Amurrio (Araba/Álava)
Egüés (Navarra)
Jódar (Jaén)
Palma del Río (Córdoba)
Las Gabias (Granada)
Loja (Granada)
Illora (Granada)
Amorebieta-Etxano (Bizkaia)
3.004,4
2.238,0
1.968,2
1.840,6
1.744,2
1.634,7
1.616,8
1.426,4
1.398,1
1.305,0
1.247,7
1.206,1
1.198,2
1.196,2
1.194,7
1.161,6
1.107,9
1.080,8
1.080,0
1.077,0
12
The 20 municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants and with the lowest
percentage of foreign population in 2011 (%)
Osuna (Sevilla)
Las Cabezas de San Juan (Sevilla)
Cádiz
Aller (Asturias)
Moaña (Pontevedra)
Arucas (Las Palmas)
Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo (Córdoba)
Teror (Las Palmas)
San Fernando (Cádiz)
Santa Comba (A Coruña)
Fene (A Coruña)
Rianxo (A Coruña)
Gondomar (Pontevedra)
Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz)
Arahal (Sevilla)
Villamartín (Cádiz)
Morón de la Frontera (Sevilla)
Bueu (Pontevedra)
Jódar (Jaén)
Ubrique (Cádiz)
1,8
1,8
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,6
1,6
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,4
1,4
1,3
1,3
1,1
1,0
0,9
An aging country
The massive arrival of foreign population (mostly younger than the Spanish
population) did not prevent the average age increasing by 1.5 years in the ten years
that elapsed since the last Census.
0-9 years 10-19
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-69
70-79
80-89
old
years old years old years old years old years old years old years old years old
Males
98,273
265,724
1,307,073
785,839
1,931,550
1,550,708
2,410,193
2,230,396
2,940,224
2,990,445
3.665.506
3.781.713
4.103.534
3,879,307
2,764,501
2,838,555
2,265,770
2,136,563
2,509,289
2,360,751
Population, by sex and age group. 2011
90 and
over
Females
13
19.1
17.2
30-39
years
old
13.0
11.1
17.6
19.4
20-29
years
old
40-49
years
old
Males
50-59
years
old
60-69
years
old
70-79
years
old
2.3
1.2
10-19
years
old
2.2
1.4
0-9
years
old
4.3
3.1
5.5
5.4
7.7
7.3
11.7
11.4
10.3
10.1
Percentage of foreign population, out of the total for each age group, by sex. 2011 (%)
80-89
years
old
90 and
over
Females
Grouping the population in large age groups, during these ten years, there was an
increase in the relative weight of the population aged 40 to 64 years old, and a
decrease in the relative weight of the population aged 16 to 39 years old. This
translated as a slight increase in the dependency rate, the relationship between the
population of economically inactive age (under 16 and over 64 years old) and the
population aged 16 to 64 years old, the ages considered to be economically active,
which rose from 0.485 in 2001 to 0.500 in 2011. This meant that, currently, for each
person of economically inactive age, there were exactly two persons of working age.
Under 16 years old
16-39 years old
Census 2001
40-64 years old
17.3
4.103.534
33.8
29.7
16.0
15.6
32.8
37.6
Population, by sex and large age group, in 2001 and 2011 (%)
65 and over
Census 2011
This aging of the population was observed more clearly by overlapping the population
periods for 2001 and 2011. The most numerous generations, which in the 2001 Census
were around 25 years old, were not around 35 years old. There was also a slight
recovery of the birth rate at the base of the 2011 pyramid, that decreased over time.
14
Population Pyramid of Spain 2001-2011
100 +
Females
Males
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Males and Females = 10.000
Census 2011
Census 2001
Regarding the distribution by sex, in Spain, there were 97 males for every 100 females.
The percentage of females was slightly lower than that of males up to 50 years of age,
at which point this difference was inverted, gradually increasing.
Percentage of males and females, by age. 2011
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
er
d
ov
10
0
an
d
d
ol
ye
ar
s
d
ol
ol
ye
ar
s
95
-9
9
d
ye
ar
s
90
-9
4
d
ol
ol
ye
ar
s
85
-8
9
d
ol
ye
ar
s
80
-8
4
d
ye
ar
s
75
-7
9
d
ol
ol
ye
ar
s
70
-7
4
d
ye
ar
s
65
-6
9
d
ol
ol
ye
ar
s
Males
60
-6
4
d
ol
ye
ar
s
55
-5
9
d
ye
ar
s
50
-5
4
d
ol
ol
ye
ar
s
45
-4
9
d
ye
ar
s
40
-4
4
d
ol
ol
ye
ar
s
35
-3
9
d
ye
ar
s
30
-3
4
d
ol
ye
ar
s
25
-2
9
d
ol
ol
ye
ar
s
20
-2
4
d
15
-1
9
ye
ar
s
ol
ye
ar
s
10
-1
4
59
04
ye
ar
s
ol
d
0%
Females
As occurred in the previous census, the oldest Autonomous Communities were those
in the Northwest of the mainland, whereas the youngest were on the islands and the
Southeast of the mainland. Worth noting was Principado de Asturias, with an average
age of 46.3 years old.
15
Average age of the population, by Autonomous Community. 2011
Principado de Asturias
Castilla y León
Galicia
País Vasco
Cantabria
Aragón
La Rioja
Extremadura
Comunidad Foral de Navarra
ESPAÑA
Comunitat Valenciana
Cataluña
Castilla-La Mancha
Comunidad de Madrid
Canarias
Illes Balears
Andalucía
Región de Murcia
Ceuta
Melilla
46,3
45,5
45,3
43,8
43,5
43,3
42,4
42,3
41,8
41,5
41,3
41,2
41,0
40,5
39,9
39,9
39,7
38,7
35,9
34,7
Analysing the evolution since 2001, the Autonomous Community that aged the most
was Canarias, followed by Galicia, Extremadura and Principado de Asturias.
Average age of the population, by Autonomous Community. 2001 - 2011
Census 2011
Census 2001
Difference
(years)
TOTAL
41.5
40.0
1.5
Canarias
39.9
36.8
3.1
Galicia
45.3
42.9
2.4
Asturias, Principado de
46.3
44.0
2.3
Extremadura
42.3
40.0
2.3
Andalucía
39.7
37.6
2.1
Castilla y León
45.5
43.5
2.0
País Vasco
43.8
41.8
2.0
Cantabria
43.5
41.8
1.7
Comunitat Valenciana
41.3
39.7
1.6
Murcia, Región de
38.7
37.2
1.5
Madrid, Comunidad de
40.5
39.1
1.4
Ceuta
35.9
34.7
1.2
Balears, Illes
39.9
38.8
1.1
Melilla
34.7
33.7
1.0
Navarra, Comunidad Foral de
41.8
41.0
0.8
Rioja, La
42.4
41.8
0.6
Castilla-La Mancha
41.0
40.5
0.5
Cataluña
41.2
40.7
0.5
Aragón
43.3
42.9
0.4
The provinces with the highest average age were located in the Northwest of the
peninsula: Ourense (49.0 years old), Zamora (48.6% and Lugo (48.5%). However, those
with the youngest average age were located in both Melilla (34.7) and Ceuta (35.9), and
in the Southwest: Almería (38.3) and Murcia (38.7).
16
The ten provinces with the lowest average age. 2011
39,9
Illes Balears
39,7
Guadalajara
39,6
Huelva
39,2
Las Palmas
39,1
Sevilla
39,1
Cádiz
38,7
Murcia
38,3
Almería
35,9
Ceuta
34,7
Melilla
The ten provinces with the highest average age. 2011
49,0
Ourense
48,6
Zamora
Lugo
48,5
46,8
León
46,3
Asturias
46,1
Palencia
46,1
Soria
Salamanca
45,9
45,6
Ávila
Teruel
45,1
Average age of the population, by province. 2011
The oldest municipality in Spain was La Riba de Escalote (Soria). Its 18 inhabitants
presented an average age of nearly 76 years old. Four of the ten oldest municipalities
in Spain were located in the province of Soria.
Focusing on those municipalities with a population of more than 10,000 inhabitants,
Rojales (Alicante) was the oldest municipality, with an average age of 52.4 years old. In
addition to this, seven of the ten oldest municipalities with more than 10,000
inhabitants were in Asturias, and the other two were in the province of Lugo.
17
The 20 municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants and with the highest average
age. 2011
Rojales (Alicante/Alacant)
Valdés (Asturias)
Tineo (Asturias)
Aller (Asturias)
Vilalba (Lugo)
Villaviciosa (Asturias)
Monforte de Lemos (Lugo)
Gozón (Asturias)
Mieres (Asturias)
Grado (Asturias)
Reinosa (Santander)
San Martín del Rey Aurelio (Asturias)
Teulada (Alicante/Alacant)
Lena (Asturias)
Santa Comba (A Coruña)
Béjar (Salmanca)
Cangas del Narcea (Asturias)
Sarria (Lugo)
Fene (A Coruña)
Carreño (Asturias)
52,4
50,1
50,1
49,4
48,6
48,4
48,4
48,2
48,2
48,1
48,0
47,9
47,7
47,6
47,6
47,3
47,3
47,3
46,9
46,9
On the other hand, the youngest municipality in Spain was Arroyomolinos (Madrid),
with an average age slightly higher than 31 years old. Four of the ten municipalities
with a population of more than 10,000 inhabitants and with the youngest average age
were in the province of Madrid. Worth noting is that there was a strong correlation
between the municipalities with a younger average age and the municipalities that
grew the most as compared with the previous Census.
The 20 municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants and with the lowest average
age. 2011 Las Gabias (Granada)
34,3
Rivas-Vaciamadrid (Madrid)
34,2
Velilla de San Antonio (Madrid)
34,2
San Agustín del Guadalix (Madrid)
34,2
Meco (Madrid)
34,2
Vícar (Almería)
34,1
Bormujos (Sevilla)
34,0
Espartinas (Sevilla)
34,0
Valdemoro (Madrid)
33,7
Yuncos (Toledo)
33,4
33,3
Humanes de Madrid (Madrid)
Arroyo de la Encomienda (Valladolid)
33,0
32,6
Paracuellos de Jarama (Madrid)
Huércal de Almería (Almería)
32,4
32,3
Seseña (Toledo)
Alovera (Guadalajara)
32,0
Villanueva del Pardillo (Madrid)
32,0
Cuarte de Huerva (Zaragoza)
32,0
Egüés (Navarra)
31,0
Arroyomolinos (Madrid)
31,0
On analysing average age, taking into account nationality, in general, those foreign
nationals from African and Asian countries had lower average ages, with some of
them recording average ages below 30 years old, whilst in the case of European
nationals, they were generally much older. The foreign nationals with one of the
highest average ages were the Swiss, with an average age of nearly 56 years old,
followed very closely by the Norwegians.
18
Methodological Note
The 2011 Census is the seventeenth official Census conducted in Spain. Its
performance is within the framework of the 2010 Work Programme promoted by
the United Nations, and which encompasses the 2005-2014 period.
For the first time, the Census has been carried out under community regulations:
European Parliament and Council regulation 763/2008 , in addition to
implementing the compulsory nature of conducting the Census during the year
2011, ensures the comparability of the results on a European Union level
regarding the methodology, definitions and programme of data and associated
statistical metadata.
The general methodological framework in which the Census project for Spain is
developed is set by the recommendations of the Conference on European
Statistics for the 2010 census route, and with a greater level of specification by the
aforementioned regulation and the three Commission regulations that carry out
the former (regarding definitions of variables and classifications, regarding data
hypercubes and regarding operation quality).
The 2011 Population and Housing Census is presented as an operation based on
the combination of the following elements:
•
A "precensus file" created from the maximum use of the available
administrative registers, taking the Register as the basic element of its
structure.
•
Fieldwork that includes two large operations:
o
A comprehensive Building census that enables georeferencing all
buildings.
o
A large sampling survey, aimed at a relatively high percentage of the
population, to ascertain the rest of the characteristics of the persons
and the dwellings.
Obtaining the population figures from the precensus file
The population figures are obtained through the count of the registers containing the
precensus file, weighted - when necessary- with count factors obtained from the
survey.
The main objective of the precensus file is to have enough information available to
carry out the count of the population and the analysis of its structure (using not only
the most basic variables, but also all those census variables that may be included in
this file). To this end, it began with the Register, statistical information and
administrative sources: Identity Card and Residence Permit registers of the Home
Office, Vital Statistics, Social Security, Tax Agency.
19
As a result of crossing the Register with these administrative registers, for most of the
persons appearing in the precensus file, it is considered that their residence in Spain is
confirmed, as their identification has managed to be crossed with these sources, and
this means that they are affiliates registered as workers or pensioners, or who appear
in the Tax Agency databases. For these persons, it is considered that their residence in
Spain is ensured, and they are assigned a count factor equal to 1.
Other registers will have a count factor of 0, such as those that have been found in
Deaths in Vital Statistics.
However, those persons whose identification it has not been possible to find in these
registers (or which has been found, but the reason for finding it does not allow for
ensuring their residence, for example in the case of an immigrant who has requested a
health card, or a recipient of only capital income or personal wealth) are initially
considered doubtful, as their residence in Spain could not be confirmed entirely, and
therefore, their count factor was unknown.
In fact, the number of doubtful registers was nearly 1,040,000 persons (2.2% of the
total records), 87% of which were foreign population.
Quantification of the doubtful population
Once the records of the precensus file that are finally considered doubtful are
determined, they are classified in population classes or groups defined by sociodemographic characteristics: age, nationality and province of residence.
The classes were configured in such a way that they had at least 1,000 doubtful
records, and that each doubtful record belonged to a class. The classes with fewer than
1,000 doubtful records were grouped together. The means of grouping has been, for
the same nationality and province, to select greater age brackets, and if this were not
enough, for the same nationality on an Autonomous Community level, and if even so it
has not been possible to reach the minimum, the grouping has been made for said
nationality on a national level, and lastly and residually, nationalities were grouped on
a national level. In this way, the precensus file had a configuration of 724 classes with
at least 1,000 doubtful persons in each. 68.4% of the doubtful persons were estimated
by defining classes on a provincial level. Also considering classes on a nationality and
Autonomous Community level, this encompasses 80% of the doubtful persons.
The most noteworthy class, based on the proportion of doubtful population is that of
German nationals over 80 years of age in the province of Alicante, comprising nearly
3,000 persons, 70% of whom were considered doubtful. The most numerous class in
terms of doubtful persons is that of citizens of the United Kingdom, also in Alicante,
aged 60 to 65 years old, which comes to a total of almost 6,000 doubtful persons.
Using the information collected in the survey targeting the sample of households, for
each class, this has estimated the proportion of doubtful records found in reality,
enabling the calculation of a count factor for the doubtful records of the class, and this
factor may be greater than, less than or equal to 1.
In this way, the precensus file is converted to a Weighted Final Census File, including
those count factors and permitting obtaining the census population figures.
20
This count factor, obtained for each class, is that which is applied to the Precensus File
records, with an unknown count factor, belonging to the class. At the end of this
process, all of the records have a count factor assigned in the Weighted Final Census
File (WFCF). The average count factor was 0.424, which implies that the 1,040,000
doubtful records are counted as a population of approximately 440,000 persons.
The field operation: building census and sample of dwellings
At the end of September 2011, the dispatch of letters began to some 2.2 million
households, requesting that they fill out the census questionnaire online. In November,
the dispatch of reminders began, and in December, letters with printed questionnaire
began to be sent to those households that had not responded online.
At the end of November, census personnel began to be hired, this staff consisting of
4,000 agents, 800 group supervisors and 160 regional supervisors. The completion
dates were different for each province, but the average stood at 17.5 work weeks
(lasting until approximately the end of March 2012).
The field operation corresponding to the Building Census was carried out between
December 2011 and February 2012. 27,637 (96%) of the 28,799 sections expected to
conduct this census were completed. For 7,200 sections, it was not considered
necessary to perform this route, due to the quality of the starting territorial directories
and to the degree of coincidence with the Land Registry.
With the Building Census completed, throughout February 2012, the census agents
began to conduct personal interviews with those households that had not collaborated
until that time, together with a sample of the dwellings that had been incorporated as
registered during the building census phase. The questionnaires were collected via
laptop computer.
The sample actually collected reached a total of 4.2 million persons, corresponding to
1.65 million main dwellings, and some 600,000 non-main dwellings. The collection for
main dwellings, via different channels, has been as follows: 39% online, 51% in print
format and 10% by personal interview.
Publication calendar:
The population figures, by municipality, presented here are final, and constitute the
first census product. Throughout the year 2013, different publications will follow, with
the most noteworthy being the following:
Data on buildings and dwellings: April
2001-2011 Inter-census estimates: April
Population resident in group dwellings: June.
Detailed results of the Census: December.
For further information see INEbase-www.ine.es/en/
All press releases at: www.ine.es/en/prensa/prensa_en.htm
Press Office: Telephone numbers: 91 583 93 63 / 94 08 – Fax: 91 583 90 87 - gprensa@ine.es
Information Area: Telephone number: 91 583 91 00 – Fax: 91 583 91 58 – www.ine.es/infoine/?L=1
21