Western Carolina University
Steam and Water Master Plan
Code 40429 Item 320E1
FINAL
November 1, 2006
2310 Langhorne Road
Lynchburg, Virginia 24501
Phone: 434.947.1901
www.wileywilson.com
Contact:
Stevens M. Terry, P.E.
Project Manager
434.455.3206
sterry@wileywilson.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................1
2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................2
2.1
WATER SYSTEM .............................................................................................................3
2.2
STEAM SYSTEM ..............................................................................................................5
3
WATER SYSTEM .................................................................................................................8
3.1
EXISTING CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................8
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.2
CAMPUS WATER REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................21
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.3
Existing Domestic Water Usage ................................................................................................ 22
Existing Fire Flow Demands ...................................................................................................... 25
Irrigation Water Usage............................................................................................................... 29
FUTURE REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................29
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.4
General Information ................................................................................................................... 29
Water System Capacity ............................................................................................................. 29
Fire Flow .................................................................................................................................... 32
Treatment and Storage.............................................................................................................. 33
Distribution System.................................................................................................................... 33
WATER SYSTEM SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................36
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
4
General Description ..................................................................................................................... 8
Raw Water Intake Facility ............................................................................................................ 8
Water Treatment and Storage Facilities .................................................................................... 10
Water Distribution System ......................................................................................................... 19
Recommendations..................................................................................................................... 36
Proposed Implementation Schedule.......................................................................................... 41
Opinion of Probable Cost........................................................................................................... 42
STEAM SYSTEM................................................................................................................44
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.1.7
4.2
4.2.1
4.3
4.3.1
EXISTING CONDITIONS ................................................................................................44
General Description ................................................................................................................... 44
Plant Capacity............................................................................................................................ 44
Steam Generating Equipment ................................................................................................... 45
Fuel and Storage ....................................................................................................................... 46
Auxiliary Equipment ................................................................................................................... 47
Distribution System.................................................................................................................... 48
Operation ................................................................................................................................... 51
CAMPUS STEAM REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................55
Individual Building Steam Consumption .................................................................................... 55
FUTURE REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................57
General Information ................................................................................................................... 57
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4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.4
STEAM SYSTEM SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................65
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
5
Future Building Steam Loads .................................................................................................... 57
Future Steam Distribution Requirements .................................................................................. 58
Future Steam Plant Requirements ............................................................................................ 65
Recommendations..................................................................................................................... 65
Proposed Implementation Schedule.......................................................................................... 68
Opinion of Probable Cost........................................................................................................... 70
APPENDIX..........................................................................................................................71
A.
WATER SYSTEM ...........................................................................................................71
B.
STEAM SYSTEM ............................................................................................................71
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Wiley & Wilson would like to acknowledge and express appreciation for the extensive efforts
and input provided by Western Carolina University Staff which was essential to the success of
this project.
Special thanks go to Andy DeGrove who served as the Project Manager for Western Carolina
University on this project. The cooperative and friendly response to requests for information
and the timely responses helped make this project one we very much enjoyed working on.
Joe Walker III, P.E.
Associate Vice Chancellor for Facilities Management
Bill Manware
Director of Facility Operations and Maintenance
Wiley Harris, AIA, NCARB
Director of Facility Planning, Design, and Construction
Andy Degrove
Project Manager
Kenny Cook
Water Plant Operator Responsible Charge
Mike Hoyle
Steam Plant Supervisor
Mike Powell
Plumbing/HVAC Shop Supervisor
Rosie Greenwood
Administrative Assistant
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1
INTRODUCTION
Western Carolina University (WCU), a part of the University of North Carolina system, is
located at Cullowhee, North Carolina, at the juncture of the Blue Ridge and Smoky Mountains.
The University presently has 7,000 students attending classes on Campus, with approximately
3,900 living on Campus. Distance learning programs bring the current total to 9,000 students.
Future plans are to accommodate 10,000 on-campus students and a total of 16,000, including
distance learning. WCU has an unusually high percentage of students living on Campus, but
the trend is toward more students living off Campus and utilizing the distance education
program.
The Campus presently has buildings heated by steam generated in a central boiler plant. The
boiler plant equipment is old and space for expansion appears to be limited at the current site.
Approximately 50 percent of the steam and condensate distribution system is also old, and
piping leaks cause persistent maintenance problems and increased boiler fuel costs.
The Campus domestic and fire water requirements are provided by water withdrawn from the
Tuckasegee River, which flows past the edge of Campus, and treated in the University Water
Treatment Plant. Most of the components of the water treatment, storage, and distribution
system are also old and its condition and capacities need to be assessed.
The University commissioned Wiley & Wilson to prepare a Master Plan for the Campus steam
heating system and domestic water systems in early 2006. The Plan identifies and addresses
existing deficiencies in these systems and provides guidance to the University as growth,
anticipated in the Campus Master Plan, is implemented.
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2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This Master Plan reviews the existing steam and water systems which provide heating and
domestic water to the Western Carolina University Campus. Only the main Campus is included
in this report; the West Campus located across Route 107 was not considered. Visual
examinations were made of the existing systems, and these observations with information from
interviews of University Staff and from various reports and data provided by the University, were
used to determine the capability of the steam and water systems to provide for the existing and
future needs of the Campus. The water and steam distribution systems were analyzed using
computer modeling to determine the adequacy of line sizes to serve Campus demands. Areas
where the systems need improvements to assure present requirements are provided with
adequate reliability and reserves were identified. Heating and domestic water requirements
were estimated for buildings shown on The Campus Wide Master Plan dated April 2006
provided by the University and upgrades and expansions to serve future Campus needs were
determined. Where future Campus requirements are discussed in this Master Plan, the future
Campus as envisioned in the Campus Wide Master Plan serves as the basis of the discussion.
Recommendations are grouped into items that should be implemented in the near term and long
term as the Campus grows and budgetary costs are shown for each recommendation. The
steam plant and significant portions of the steam and condensate distribution system need to be
replaced to address serious concerns with existing reliability and capacity and to accommodate
Campus growth.
The domestic water treatment and distribution system needs some
improvements, but in general, is able to reliably meet the needs of the existing and future needs
of the University. The most significant recommendations are as follows:
•
Build a new steam plant to replace the existing plant which lacks adequate reserve capacity
to serve the existing Campus or capability to expand to accommodate planned Campus
growth. Reliability issues due to the age and condition of equipment and lack of
redundancy could result in disruption of heating to Campus buildings.
•
Replace old sections of steam and condensate lines.
•
Improve water distribution lines to various areas of the Campus.
•
Replace some pumps and other equipment in the water treatment plant and river intake.
•
Investigate a separate source of Campus irrigation water.
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An overview of the findings and recommendations is presented in the following paragraphs of
this section with more detailed information being contained in the main report sections.
2.1
WATER SYSTEM
The University owns the low head dam and raw water intake structure on river, and the
treatment, storage and distribution system which provides domestic and fire water to the
Campus. While much of this system is approaching 70 years old, in general the system is well
maintained and able to provide the water needs for the existing and planned Campus growth.
The system, with relatively minor repairs and upgrades will provide adequate water supply for
the present and future Campus growth. The most significant findings and recommendations
include:
•
Two raw water pumps at the river intake should be replaced with higher capacity pumps. A
power receptacle and transfer switch should be installed to allow easier and safer
connection of the portable emergency generator during power outages to allow operation of
the raw water pumps. Presently the generator must be temporarily hard wired in which
takes more time and which could pose personnel hazards during an emergency. The cost
of these recommendations is approximately $71,000.
•
A number of recommendations for improvements to the water treatment plant were
identified which will maintain the integrity and extend the life of the plant and improve
operations. None of these recommendations are considered major cost or difficult to
implement but can have a significant impact on the plant. Included in the recommendations
is replacement of three finished water pumps to increase pumping capacity and reliability
and converting one finished water pump to serve as a backup to the single filter backwash
pump. Changes and upgrades to the plant sludge handling system, soda ash feed system
are recommended, as well as maintenance on the sedimentation basin walls and addition
of ladders and safety kick plates at the hand railings. The raw water mixer should be
replaced with a variable speed unit, and the flocculation basin baffles should be replaced.
The total cost of water plant recommendations is approximately $611,000.
•
Water storage tank capacity is adequate, but maintenance is needed on the concrete roof
of the 1 million gallon tank on the hill above Campus. The 200,000 gallon tank needs a
detailed inspection to determine if this tank should have cracks in the walls and possibly
other repairs made or if the tank should be removed from service and demolished. Our
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review indicates that while this tank does provide some additional capacity which has
operational advantages, adequate capacity does exist without this tank. The estimated cost
of these recommendations is approximately $196,000.
•
The water distribution system presently needs upgrades in several areas to increase
capacity for fire protection requirements, to eliminate dead ended sections of line, to
provide looping with increased reliability, and to improve service to campus buildings. The
estimated cost of these recommendations is approximately $1,902,000.
•
The present Campus irrigation water is provided by the treated domestic water system.
WCU should evaluate the possibility of constructing attractive ponds near the stream
running through Campus or other sources of untreated water for irrigation. Future
construction stormwater discharge systems might also be designed to allow use of
stormwater for irrigation. Using a non-treated water source would provide lower cost water
for irrigation and reduce the load on the domestic water system which could be especially
beneficial during drought periods when the river flow could be diminished. The estimated
cost of pond development along with intake, pump, and piping improvements is
approximately $1,285,000.
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2.2
STEAM SYSTEM
Four boilers at the Central Plant provide steam for Campus building heating through an
underground distribution and condensate return system. The Boiler Plant was originally
constructed in the 1920s and has been expanded over the years. Boilers range in age from
1951 to 1973, and the boilers and auxiliary equipment in the plant are near or past the normal
service life. The condition of Boiler No. 1 is poor, with a number of tubes plugged, and frequent
tube failures having been experienced. The controls on this boiler are also very old and
unreliable. The other boilers are generally well-maintained, but also are nearing the end of
their normal service life. The University indicated that the total present steam production that
the boilers can reliably provide is 107,000 PPH. The peak load experienced to date was in
January of 2006 when demand reached 101,000 PPH. With any of the three largest boilers out
of service, the plant will not be able to meet the current peak demand. The generally accepted
practice is to provide sufficient spare boiler capacity to allow peak demand to be met when the
largest boiler out of service. A new steam load of approximately 50,000 PPH will be added
when proposed buildings come on line, which will far exceed the capacity of the existing plant.
Due to the configuration and age of the building, electrical switchgear and auxiliary equipment, it
is not feasible to increase the capacity of the existing plant in order to provide either the
redundancy needed for the present load or the future load requirements.
We have developed recommendations and a cost estimate for a new steam plant at a location
on the north side of Old Cullowhee Road. At the request of Western Carolina University, we
also compared the life cycle costs of the new steam plant and extension of the steam
distribution system with the alternative of converting the Campus to utilize electric boilers in
individual buildings. It should be noted that we assumed that only adequate electric boilers to
serve building loads would be installed. Redundant equipment to provide heating upon failure
of a building boiler was not included in the cost estimates. A properly designed steam plant
would provide a backup boiler capable of continuing service to the Campus, should any single
boiler be out of service.
• The project scope did not include study of the cost to provide space and electrical upgrades
in each building necessary to incorporate electric boilers. However, cost information
furnished by the University for installation of electric boilers in Ramsey was used as the
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basis of the estimated costs for the other buildings on Campus. Electric boiler sizes and
electrical loads were determined from the steam heating loads. The estimated capital cost
for the new steam plant and distribution system expansions is approximately $14.6 million. 1
The cost for conversion of existing buildings and installing electric boilers in future buildings
is estimated at $11.5 million. Additional significant costs will likely be required for electrical
service upgrades to meet the additional 46 MW electrical load of electric boilers and to
provide space for the boiler equipment in buildings. The total capital cost of the electric
boiler option would likely exceed that of the new steam plant and distribution system. The
annual operating and maintenance costs are estimated to be $583,000 higher for the
electric boilers than for the central steam plant option based upon present electrical and
natural gas costs and the ratio of electricity to gas costs is expected to remain relatively
stable over the planning period. 2 Based upon the economics and further advantage that
redundant equipment in a steam plant provides, we recommend that Western Carolina
University build a new steam plant fueled with natural gas and with No. 2 fuel oil as a
backup fuel.
• Parts of the steam distribution and condensate return system have been replaced and
additional condensate lines are corroded and leaking. The present boiler efficiency reported
by Western Carolina University is running around 60 percent. New, properly tuned boilers
should operate at an efficiency above 80 percent, which represents a significant fuel
savings. Condensate leakage is a significant contributor to the loss in boiler efficiency. The
leaking and corroded sections should be replaced to improve the operating economics of
the steam system. Sections of leaking condensate lines and associated steam line sections
needing replacement and other improvements that should be made soon are detailed in the
main body of the report. The savings in steam plant operating costs to be achieved by
condensate leak repairs are estimated to be $100,000 per year. It should be noted that
steam lines running in the same areas as the corroded condensate lines are old and should
1
Detailed budget cost estimates are in the Appendix. The cost estimate for the new steam plant option includes
installation of distribution lines to the new plant and new lines to be installed as part of future building projects (items
3 and 5 in Table 4-11 on page 70). The short term repairs and upgrades to the existing steam system (items 1, 2,
and 4 in Table 4-11) are assumed to be sunken costs since they should be done before the decision is made on
electric boilers vs. steam system options.
2
Refer to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) Annual Energy Outlook 2006 with Projections to 2030,
Release Date December 2005 in the Appendix.
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be replaced at the same time. The combined cost to replace both condensate and steam
line sections is $1,757,000.
• Another concern has to do with the existing staffing levels for the steam plant. The steam
plant is old and proper maintenance, monitoring and operation is an essential element of the
reliability of this critical system. A number of unrelated tasks are assigned to the operators
even when only one operator is on duty. This might prevent the operator from detecting and
correcting problems that could result in equipment failure, steam outages and possible risk
to people in the area. We recommend that duties be limited to those associated with the
operation and maintenance of the steam plant and that operating and maintenance staffing
levels be reviewed as measures to reduce the risk of curtailment of the heating supply to the
Campus. A minimum of two people per shift would be a more normal staffing level to handle
operations and maintenance of this type of plant.
• Due to the age of the equipment and the lack of redundancy, a contingency plan should be
developed and in place to address actions to provide temporary boilers, should an
equipment failure result in curtailment of heating capacity to the Campus until a new steam
plant can be built.
• Corrosion rates in the condensate system should be investigated and chemical treatment
changes may be needed to reduce corrosion in this system. Quantifiable data on corrosion
rates was not available but the Campus history of failures of condensate lines indicates that
additional corrosion reduction measures are needed. Regular checks of the iron content in
the condensate return and corrosion coupons at strategic points in the system should help
determine and monitor corrosion. The use of chemicals such as amines possibly fed into
condensate returns in some building mechanical rooms as well as in the steam plant steam
system should be discussed with your chemical treatment company.
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3
WATER SYSTEM
3.1
EXISTING CONDITIONS
3.1.1 General Description
Western Carolina University owns and operates a water treatment and distribution system
consisting of raw water intake facilities; a treatment facility, rated at 1.0 mgd (million gallons per
day); three concrete storage tanks, with a total capacity of 2.2 mg (million gallons); and a
distribution system comprised of 2- to 12-inch diameter lines of varying ages and materials.
These facilities provide service to the University Campus.
The water system facilities were evaluated by visual inspection during a Campus site visit that
took place February 6-8, 2006. During this site visit, the intake, treatment, and storage facilities
were visually inspected. Operational and maintenance issues were discussed with University
water system personnel, historical information was provided, and existing field conditions were
documented.
3.1.2 Raw Water Intake Facility
The raw water intake is located on the Tuckasegee
River, northeast of the Campus, and upstream of Old
Cullowhee Road. The intake facility includes a dam
structure, to provide backwater to the intake screen; a
concrete intake structure; bar screen; traveling screen;
three vertical turbine pumps; and a concrete valve vault
structure. The dam structure, intake structure, and
property around the intake structure are owned by the
University.
Photo 1 Raw Water Intake
The intake structure is located on the south bank of the Tuckasegee River within a locked,
fenced site. The pumps, traveling screen, and control panels are located outdoors, on top of the
intake structure, where they are exposed to weather and susceptible to vandalism. According to
design drawings, the top of the structure is approximately 1 foot above the maximum flood water
level elevation. However, facility personnel reported at least one flood event that surrounded
the intake structure so that it could not be accessed during the flood. There is no emergency
back-up power supply at this facility. However, the University does have a portable generator
for this facility that can be wired into the main power disconnect panel by hand.
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The concrete intake structure is comprised of an intake chamber
containing a traveling screen, a pump chamber containing three
vertical turbine pumps, and a valve vault. The concrete
structure was constructed in 1977 and appears to be in good
condition; not showing significant signs of deterioration or
weathering. Some sediment has accumulated in the vicinity of
the bar screen, reducing the area of the opening into the intake
structure. Accumulation of sediment in this location limits the
head range of water entering the structure. Concerns were
expressed by water system personnel that, if the intake pool
level were to decrease, either due to low river flow conditions or
damage to the dam structure, adequate water would not enter
the intake structure. Evaluation of the dam structure was not
Photo 2 Intake Screen
included in the scope of this report. However, water system
personnel expressed concerns regarding erosion around the
dam embankment on the north side of the river and regarding the integrity of the dam. In
addition, some erosion has taken place along the south side of the river around the raw water
intake structure.
The traveling screen was originally operated automatically based on head loss through the
screen. However, the automatic operation of the screen is no longer functional. Western
Carolina prefers the current practice of operating the screen locally. This requires water plant
personnel to visit the intake structure routinely to operate and inspect the screen. During
normal river conditions, the screen is operated approximately once per week. The debris that
collects on the screen is flushed back into the river
during operation of the screen.
Three vertical turbine pumps provide the raw water
pumping capacity from the intake structure to the
water treatment facility. Pump Nos. 1 and 3 are 30horsepower (hp) pumps and Pump Nos. 2 is a 50-hp
pump. The capacity of Pump Nos. 1, 2, and 3 are
550 gpm, 690 gpm, and 500 gpm, respectively.
Operation of all three pumps is controlled by
switches at the water treatment plant. Pump No. 2 is
capable of supplying 0.8 mgd to the treatment plant
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Photo 3 Raw Water Pump Station
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when operated alone. Pump Nos. 1 and 3, when operated concurrently, provide approximately
1.0 mgd. Pump No. 2 was installed when the intake structure was constructed in 1977 and is
the newest of the three pumps. Pump Nos. 1 and 3 were moved from the old intake structure to
the current structure when it was built. The age of these two pumps is not known.
Improvements to these pumps have been made in the last several years including piping
cooling water away from the pump bases and rebuilding Pump Nos. 1 and 3.
A separate structure is located within the fenced area, downstream and adjacent to the raw
water intake structure. This structure was previously utilized by the University for power
generation; however, the power generation equipment was damaged during a flood event.
3.1.3 Water Treatment and Storage Facilities
Raw water is pumped from the raw water intake structure to the University’s water treatment
facility, located south of the intake structure on the west side of Old Cullowhee Road. The
treatment plant is rated for 1.0 mgd. The treatment facility includes a mixer, baffled flocculation
basin, three sedimentation basins, three filters, chemical feed systems for raw and finished
water, backwash and finished water pumps, and finished water storage. The plant utilizes a
SCADA system for recording and monitoring the plant operations, but is not currently utilized for
control of plant operations. The individual components of the water treatment plant were
observed and notes taken from discussions with plant personnel.
Based on water production records from January 2003 to December 2005, the average daily
finished water production is approximately 0.40 mgd. The peak flow day for each month during
this time period ranged from approximately 0.42 mgd to 0.86 mgd with the average monthly
peak day flow for this three-year period approximately equal to 0.61 mgd. The plant is currently
either operated at design capacity or turned off. This method of operation allows the plant to be
operated for 10 to 12 hours, two shifts, on an average day, and then shut down overnight.
When the plant is operating, the average water production rate is approximately 0.90 mgd. The
plant is normally operated during the day as needed at this rate to meet demands and then into
the evening long enough to fill the water storage tanks prior to being shutdown for the night.
Standard practice had been to operate the plant for 6 days per week, Monday through Saturday,
and then shut down on Sundays. However, beginning in the fall of 2005, the plant has generally
been operating 7 days per week while school is in session, so that the storage tanks are also
filled on Sundays. The annual average plant production data from 2003 through 2005 is
summarized in Table 3-1. Monthly water plant summary data for this time period is included in
Appendix A for reference.
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Table 3-1 Water Plant Annual Average Summary
Total Water
Production
(mg)
Days In
Operation
Average
Day Flow
(mgd)
Average
Operational
Hours Per Day
2003
119.130
293
0.405
10.5
0.621
2004
123.328
315
0.391
10.6
0.604
2005
126.942
323
0.391
11.2
0.614
3-Year Average
123.133
310
0.395
10.8
0.613
Year
Max Day
Flow
(mgd)
3.1.3.1 Raw Water Mixing
Raw water is pumped from the raw water intake into
the mixing basin at the head of the plant. Soda ash,
alum, and chlorine are added to the raw water in this
basin. Mixing is accomplished by a constant speed,
vertical-axis, and paddle-type mixer. According to
plant personnel, the motor and paddles have been
replaced since the plant was constructed. Plant
personnel have explored replacing the drive unit with
a variable speed drive to improve control of
flocculation and mixing as raw water quality and
Photo 4 Raw Water Mixer
temperature vary. However, they have been told that
a variable speed drive is not available for this motor and gear box unit.
Raw water leaves the mixing basin and travels through a baffled flume that provides a vertical
serpentine flow path and promotes flocculation. Baffling is provided by wooden baffles placed
within the concrete flume. The wooden baffles near the water surface appeared to be showing
signs of deterioration due to age and wear.
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3.1.3.2 Sedimentation
There are three sedimentation basins that receive flow
from the baffled flume. These sedimentation basins
are each 13 feet wide by 53 feet long by 12 feet deep
(bottom to normal water surface). Based on plans
dated July 1973, two of the basins were constructed as
part of the original plant and the third basin was
constructed when the plant was expanded.
Photo 5 Sedimentation Basins
Water enters the sedimentation
basins from the flume through a
concrete stilling wall. Each basin
can be isolated for cleaning or
maintenance by closing 10-inch
diameter plug valves in the basin
influent flume.
There is some
cracking apparent in the interior
Photo 6 Sedimentation Basin Cracks
concrete walls of the sedimentation
basins. Photographs of the cracks, which were taken when the Basin No. 3 was taken down to
remove sludge, were provided by plant personnel subsequent to the February site visit.
There is an existing chain link fence surrounding the
concrete basins and flumes. There are also handrails
located around each of the three individual basins and
mixing flume; however, there are no kick-plates
attached to these handrails.
During inclement
weather, the concrete deck surrounding the
sedimentation basins could become treacherous.
There is a danger of slipping on the concrete deck and
sliding under the existing handrail.
Photo 7 Sedimentation Basins
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Overflow and basin drain piping conveys wastewater from the sedimentation basins to a
wastewater pump station located in the facility parking lot on the south side of the plant. Each
basin can be isolated from its associated filter by closing the 10-inch plug valves located in the
filter influent flume. The sedimentation basins are periodically taken off-line and drained to
perform inspections and remove accumulated sludge. The existing ladders extending from the
concrete deck into the sedimentation basins are in poor condition.
3.1.3.3 Filters
Flow from the sedimentation basins enters three filters.
Each filter is 12 feet long by 10 feet wide, providing a
total surface area of 360 square feet. All three filters
have recently been rebuilt, including new Wheeler
bottoms and filter media, and the filter control consoles
have been updated. In addition, all three filters have had
their surface wash piping and supports replaced with
stainless steel. According to water plant records, the
average flow through the filters generally ranges from
Photo 8 Filter No. 1 Console
1.7 to 1.9 gpm/sf, which equates to a plant flow of 0.88
to 0.98 mgd. During the site visit, the rate of flow through each filter was approximately 200
gpm, which equates to a plant flow rate of approximately 0.86 mgd.
In addition to the rebuilt filters, the filter valves, valve actuators, controls and instrumentation,
rate of flow control, and backwash rate of flow control have been replaced for all three filters. At
the time the site visit was made, the only filter valves that had not been replaced were the filter
angle waste valves. According to University personnel, these valves have now been replaced
as well.
Photo 9 Filter Operating
Level
Photo 10 Filter No. 2 Piping
and Valves
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Filter run times vary, depending on the turbidity of the Tuckasegee
River, but have averaged approximately 60 hours over the last 3
years, based on plant records.
Backwashing of the filters is
accomplished by one filter backwash pump that is located in the filter
pipe gallery. The existing backwash pump is a vertical turbine pump
with a 30-hp motor that is original plant equipment.
3.1.3.4 Chemical Feed Systems
Chemicals are currently fed to raw and finished water at the treatment
plant. Raw water chemicals including chlorine, soda ash, and alum
Photo 11 Filter
Backwash Pump
are fed into the raw water mixing basin. Chlorine, soda ash, and
phosphate are fed into the finished water prior to the water entering the distribution system.
Chlorine (Raw and Finished)
Chlorine is fed to raw and finished water for disinfection and to maintain a chlorine residual in
the distribution system. The chlorine feed system for raw and finished water is a 150-pound gas
cylinder system. This equipment appeared to be in good condition, and plant personnel
indicated that the system was working well. According to plant data sheets, the chlorine dose
typically ranges from 1 to 2 mg/L for raw water and approximately 0.5 mg/L for finished water.
The typical total chlorine usage for raw and finished water is generally one to two 150-pound
cylinders per month. Plant personnel reported that the chlorine cylinder scale does not function
well during cold weather. For safety reasons, the chlorine cylinder room is vented by an
exhaust fan in the wall and is exposed to ambient temperature air making it difficult to climate
control this space.
Soda Ash (Raw and Finished Water)
Soda ash is fed to raw and finished water to adjust (raise) the alkalinity of the water prior to
entering the distribution system. This has the effect of raising the pH level and softening the
water. Soda ash is currently fed manually in the dry, powdered form by dumping 50-pound
bags into the hopper of a dry chemical feeder system. According to plant data sheets, the raw
water soda ash dose is typically approximately 30 mg/L and the finished water dose is typically
approximately 20 mg/L. The total typical soda ash usage for raw and finished water is generally
150 to 200 pounds per day.
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The existing system is a BIF Omega dry feed system, which
includes a hopper and elevator on the first floor that carries dry soda
ash to solution mixers and feeders located on the second floor of
the plant. An integral dust collection system is also included with
the feed system. This system is original to the plant. Although the
system is currently operational, the equipment is old and finding
spare or replacement parts will likely become increasingly more
difficult. In addition, the 50-pound bags of soda ash are manually
opened and dumped into the hopper on the first floor, which is a
labor intensive process. Also, manually emptying bags into the
feeder hopper increases the risk of plant personnel coming into
direct contact with the chemical.
Photo 12 Soda Ash
Equipment
Alum
Alum is fed into the raw water and is utilized to promote flocculation. Liquid alum is delivered in
bulk and stored in a double-walled 5,000-gallon tank located immediately adjacent to the raw
water mixing basin, baffled flocculation flume, and sedimentation basins.
Alum leaves the bulk tank and flows by gravity into a day tank located on the first floor of the
plant. A concrete knee wall provides secondary containment for this tank. Alum is pumped
from the day tank into the raw water mixing basin by two Wallace & Tiernan Encore 700 – 44
Series diaphragm metering pumps.
Photo 13 Alum Bulk
Photo 14 Alum Day Tank
Storage Tank
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Phosphate
Phosphate is added to the finished water for corrosion
control within the water distribution system. Phosphate is
fed from 55-gallon drums by two shelf-mounted LMI
metering pumps. Pump No. 1 is rated to provide a feed
rate of 0.42 gallons per hour (gph) and Pump No. 2 is
rated to provide 0.21 gph. According to plant records, the
feed pumps have been adjusted to maintain a constant
dosage of 1.8 mg/L.
3.1.3.5 Water Plant Wastewater
Process wastewater from the water plant including filter
backwash, alum sludge from the sedimentation basins,
sedimentation basin overflow and drains, and filter drains,
is routed to an existing pump station located at the far side
of the parking lot on the south side of the plant. The pump
station pumps the wastewater to a dewatering and
bagging facility located at the south end of the parking lot
behind the plant.
The dewatering facility includes a concrete settling basin
from which clear water can be decanted and settled
sludge can be pumped into a bagging apparatus. The
newly filled bags are located on a rack that allows water
seeping from the bags to drain back into the concrete
settling basins. After the bags have been allowed to drain
for a time, they are moved onto pallets in the yard area
next to the dewatering facility where they continue to dry
until they are taken to the landfill for disposal. Decanted
clear water from the concrete settling basins is drained by
gravity through an outfall into the Tuckasegee River. This
dewatering process is labor intensive and time consuming
for the limited number of water plant staff.
Photo 15 Phosphate
Feed System
Photo 16 Sludge Bagging
Apparatus
Photo 17 Concrete
Settling Basin
Domestic wastewater from the water treatment facility is disposed of by an on-site septic tank
and drainfield.
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Staff indicated that there have been previous conversations with the Tuckasegee Water and
Sewer Authority regarding allowing water plant process and domestic wastewater to be
discharged into the Authority’s wastewater collection system so that the dewatering facility could
be taken out of service and the septic tank and drainfield can be abandoned. No progress has
been made on this issue and there may now be issues with the capacity of the wastewater
treatment plant to receive the water plant wastewater load.
3.1.3.6 Finished Water Pumps
The water plant pump room contains four vertical turbine
finished water pumps that pump water out of a 100,000-gallon
clearwell located under the water plant into the distribution
system. Two of these pumps, Pump Nos. 1 and 2, are original
plant equipment. These two pumps are Worthington 7-stage
pumps with 30-hp motors. Pump Nos. 3 and 4 were installed
when the plant was expanded in 1973. These pumps are
Aurora Vertiline 10-stage pumps with 60-hp motors. Each of
these pumps has a rated capacity of 700 gpm at 260 feet total
dynamic head (TDH). Only two of the four pumps are capable
of pumping at a rate similar to rated capacity of the water plant.
Staff expressed concerns over the ability of the existing pumps
to adequately supply water to the distribution system during
peak demand periods.
Photo 18 Finished
Water Pumps
3.1.3.7 Water Storage
There are four water storage ground tanks or clearwells currently in service that provide
pressure and fire protection to the distribution system. Two of these tanks provide pump suction
storage for the finished water pumps located at the water treatment plant. Filtered water leaves
the filters and flows by gravity to a 1-million gallon (mg) rectangular ground storage tank located
just south of the water plant. Water flows by gravity from this tank into the 100,000-gallon
clearwell located under the treatment plant where finished water chemicals are added. The
finished water pumps pump directly out of this clearwell into the distribution system.
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The 1.0-mg rectangular tank appeared to be in good condition. According to plant personnel,
there were problems with the roof of this tank, and a free-standing roof structure was recently
constructed over the tank to prevent further weathering and spalling of the concrete roof
surface. Also, plant personnel reported problems with the existing clearwell inlet valve and
operator.
There are also two ground storage tanks located at the high point of the hill that is
approximately in the geographic center of Campus. These tanks are located on WCU property,
but the land surrounding the tank site is private property. The tanks located at this site include a
round 200,000-gallon concrete tank and a 1.0-mg concrete tank. The round tank was
constructed in the mid-1920s, and the 1.0-mg square tank was constructed in the early 1970s.
The high water level in the round tank is approximately 20-feet above the high water level in the
adjacent square tank.
The 200,000-gallon round tank generally appeared to be in
fair condition. Visual inspection of the exterior walls of this
tank revealed some cracking in the concrete. In addition,
the overall tank exterior appeared to be stained and
weathered. Water plant staff indicated that as the water
level in this tank rises, there is leakage from some of the
wall cracks. However, leakage was not observed during
the February 2006 site visit. WCU staff indicated that the
standpipe was lowered in this tank due to leaking cracks in
the tank’s walls and that the usable capacity of this tank is
approximately 175,000 gallons.
Photo 19 200,000-gallon Tank
The 1.0-mg square
tank
generally
appeared to be in
good
condition,
with the exception
of the roof surface.
The concrete roof
surface appeared
weathered
and
spalled.
Photo 20 1.0-mg Tank Roof
18
Photo 21 1.0-mg Tank
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In addition, previous repairs to the roof were spalling and delaminating from the concrete
surface. Some cracks were also observed in the roof and walls.
The 1.1-mg pump suction storage in the two clearwells (located at the water treatment plant)
and the 1.2-mg finished water storage in the two ground storage tanks (located on top of the hill
in the center of Campus) provide a total water storage volume of 2.3 mg. The following sections
of this water system evaluation will allocate a portion of the available storage for fire flow
demands and the remaining storage will be allocated for domestic demands. If the entire
storage volume was allocated to domestic demands at the current in-session average daily flow
of 0.42 mg, there are approximately 5.5 days of storage in the water system, with 2.5 days of
pump suction storage and 3.0 days of finished water storage. This volume of storage, along
with the current plant operational practice of operating the plant daily to fill the tanks, allows the
plant to be temporarily shut down if there are problems with the raw water source, such as
increased turbidity due to large storm events or pollution due to an upstream spill, without
curtailment of water supply to the Campus.
At the time of the site visit an additional 300,000-gallon elevated storage tank was located in the
parking area on the south side of Robertson Residence Hall. This tank has since been
demolished.
3.1.4 Water Distribution System
The February 2006 site visit included gathering information about the existing water distribution
system. The existing system is comprised of 3/4-inch to 12-inch diameter water lines of varying
ages and materials. The distribution system has generally been expanded as new buildings
have been constructed and the Campus has grown.
There are two main water lines, one 12-inch diameter, and one 10-inch diameter that comprise
the backbone of the distribution system. The 12-inch water line extends west from the water
treatment plant to the 1.0 mg and 200,000-gallon tanks located on top of the hill between Forest
Hills Road and Central Drive. The lower section of this line, from the water plant to Central
Drive, was constructed in 1965 when the water plant was constructed. This line was extended
to the tank site in 1975.
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The 10-inch diameter line branches off of the 12-inch line at Central Drive. This line extends
north along Central Drive, then west along Old Centennial Drive and University Way. This 10inch line has been extended several times to serve additional areas of Campus and currently
extends to the University Camp Building 3 on the east side of NC Route 107. There is a valved
connection to a 12-inch TWSA water line at this location that is normally closed. There is one
additional valved connection to the TWSA water system just south of the Ramsey Activity
Center on Forest Hills Road. This connection is also normally closed.
In addition to these two main lines, there are several sections of the 8-inch diameter water line
that have been extended from the 12-inch water line and from the 1.0-mg tank site to serve
different areas of Campus. However, the majority of the distribution system is made up of 6inch diameter lines. Pipes of this size have normally been installed to serve new areas as the
Campus expanded. There are also a number of structures on Campus that utilize 6-inch lines
for domestic and/or fire service connections as well.
Building service connections are generally 3/4-inch to 4-inch diameter lines with a significant
number of these being 2-inch to 3-inch diameter or less. These lines are typically fairly short
runs from 6-inch or larger distribution lines. However, there are a number of these small
diameter lines that extend fairly long distances to serve different buildings.
A WaterCAD water model of the distribution system has been developed as part of this Utilities
Master Plan. During the February 2006 site visit, an extensive tour of Campus was made for
the purpose of discussing the water distribution system with staff in order to develop as accurate
a model as possible. A copy of the current water system map was provided during the site visit.
There are a number of areas within the water system, such as the old section of Campus along
Chancellor’s Drive, that are known by staff to routinely experience problems. These problems
include inadequate pressure and flow, old small diameter lines, and deteriorated piping that has
historically required many repairs. In some cases, such as the intersection of Joyner Drive and
Chancellor’s Drive, it is unknown exactly where the water lines are located or how they
interconnect with other known water lines in the vicinity.
3
This building name was changed from Outreach Center to Camp Building by Western Carolina University during
the time the UMP was being developed. The water and steam models and some information in the appendix were
not updated to reflect the name change.
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During the site visit, a number of corrections to the mapping of the existing water system,
including pipe sizes, locations, interconnections, and abandonment of old lines, were noted by
WCU staff. The water system mapping has been updated by WCU staff and was utilized for
developing the Campus water model. In addition, alternatives for strengthening the water
system by adding additional water lines to create loops within the system or replacing existing
small diameter water lines with larger lines were discussed. Modeling has been performed to
evaluate available fire flows and potential water system upgrades.
A record of fire hydrant flow tests that were performed in June 2005 was provided by WCU.
Static pressures ranged from 50 to 155-pounds per square inch (psi). The flow rates during the
tests ranged from approximately 750 to 1,500 gpm with residual pressures ranging from 40 to
145 psi. Staff indicated that static system pressure was generally not a problem, but during high
demand times pressures drop significantly in certain areas. This is likely related to the small
diameter service lines serving a number of structures around Campus.
3.2
CAMPUS WATER REQUIREMENTS
Water treatment plant production records were provided for January 2003 through December
2005. Based on these records, the existing in-session average day water system demand for
this time period was approximately 0.42 mgd. This demand is generated by a combination of
domestic and fire demands, as well as irrigation of University facilities. The water production
records were analyzed for annual water production patterns. Average daily water use for
institution with large seasonal residential populations, such as universities, may vary
significantly from months when school is in-session to months when the majority of student are
on break. The monthly average day water production was graphed for each of the 3 years for
which data was provided, as well as the 3-year average (See Figure 3-1).
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Figure 3-1 Water Plant Average Daily Production
0.500
0.450
MGD
0.400
0.350
0.300
0.250
m
be
r
ec
e
D
N
ov
em
be
r
be
r
ct
o
O
be
r
pt
em
Se
Au
gu
st
Ju
ly
Ju
ne
M
ay
ril
Ap
h
M
ar
c
ar
y
Fe
br
u
Ja
nu
ar
y
0.200
Month
2003
2004
2005
3-Year Average
This figure indicates that the average daily flow for the seven months each year when school is
in session (January through April and September through November) is approximately 0.42
mgd. The average daily flow for the five months over the summer and winter breaks (May
through August and December) is approximately 0.35 mgd. Therefore, when analyzing current
conditions and considering future conditions, the in-session demands should be considered, as
well as the annual average demands.
3.2.1 Existing Domestic Water Usage
The University presently has approximately 7,000 students taking courses on Campus with
approximately 3,900 (56 percent) of these students living on Campus. Based on the existing insession average daily system demand of 0.42 mgd, the average daily demand per student is
approximately 60 gpd. In-session demands represent the highest average daily water demand
time periods experienced on Campus. Therefore, for the purposes of this report, the in-session
water demands will be considered in lieu of the annual average daily demands.
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The water distribution system does not currently include water meters for every structure
served. According to staff, meters are being added as existing structures are being renovated
or new structures built. Meters may also be added to the system as water line work is
performed. Water meter records were provided for 31 meters serving various structures.
Based on the records provided, the average daily in-session flow that is metered is
approximately 0.27 mgd, or approximately two-thirds of the average daily in-session water
produced at the water treatment plant. The largest two metered services are the Scott
Residence Hall meter, with an average daily in-session flow of approximately 36,000 gpd and
the steam plant with an average daily flow during the fall and winter months of approximately
36,300 gpd.
The University categorizes buildings into three groups; academic buildings, housing, and
auxiliaries. The auxiliaries include the cafeterias, Hinds University Center, the Print Shop, and
the Student Book Store. Housing consists of all of the dorms/residents halls and the on-campus
apartments and rentals, and all the rest fall into the academic category.
Buildings for which meter data is available primarily fall into the housing and auxiliary
categories. The in-session average monthly and average daily metered flows are included in
Table 3-2 Existing Water Meter Data Summary. A complete table of monthly meter reading
data for each of these buildings is included in Appendix A for reference.
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Table 3-2 Existing Water Meter Data Summary
Building
In-session Average
Monthly
In-session Average
Daily
(gallons)
(gallons)
341,553
209,079
57,041
299,074
122,529
506,953
547,782
7,854
1,105,120
2,457
258,679
297,087
52,556
399
505,829
1,095,129
422,588
491,143
10,700
3,706
281,622
39,759
15,891
17,817
334,580
911,700
197,500
8,136,129
11,228
6,873
1,875
9,831
4,028
16,665
18,007
258
36,329
81
8,504
9,766
1,728
13
16,628
36,000
13,892
16,145
352
122
9,258
1,307
522
586
10,999
29,970
6,492
267,460
Albright-Benton Res. Hall
Buchanan Residence Hall
Madison Residence Hall
Reynolds Residence Hall
Robertson Residence Hall
Helder Residence Hall
Leatherwood Residence Hall
Bird Health and Counseling
Steam Plant
Graham Building (old part)
Brown Cafeteria
Dodson Cafeteria
Camp Building
Old Student Union
Hinds University Center
Scott Residence Hall
Harrill Residence Hall
Walker Residence Hall
Jordan-Phillips Field House
University Book Store
Ramsey Activity Center
NCCAT Main Core Bldg
NCCAT Residence Hall A
NCCAT Residence Hall B
Central Drive Residence Hall
Village Residence Hall
Norton Residence Hall
Total Existing
This metered water usage data for the various structures has been utilized to define demands
within the WaterCAD model. Demand data has been extrapolated from the metered structures
to the un-metered structures, based on the function each structure serves and the size of the
structure. The remaining un-metered demands were then allocated to nodes within the
WaterCAD model to simulate the Campus water system average daily in-session conditions. A
drawing of the water system model is included in Appendix A for reference. Data tables for
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demand nodes, pipes, and tanks within the water model are included in Appendix A for
reference.
3.2.2 Existing Fire Flow Demands
As previously discussed, a record of fire hydrant flow tests that was performed in June 2005
was provided. Static pressures ranged from 50 to 155 psi (pounds per square inch) and hydrant
flow rates during the tests ranged from approximately 750 to 1,500 gpm with residual pressures
ranging from approximately 40 to 145 psi. This data was utilized to calibrate the water model
and available fire flows were then evaluated using the WaterCAD model.
A number of structures on Campus currently have sprinkler systems. In addition, as existing
structures are renovated and new structures are built, sprinkler systems are being included with
the construction. It is expected that within 10 years every structure on Campus will be
sprinkled. Typical required fire flows for Campus buildings range from 500 to approximately
3,000 gpm for non-sprinkled structures. The Hunter Library is the only structure on Campus
with a calculated required fire flow greater than 3,000 gpm. Required fire flow for sprinkled
structures is 500 gpm, which is considerably less than that required for non-sprinkled structures.
Therefore, the system fire flow demand will be reduced as sprinkler systems are added to
existing buildings.
Required fire flows for existing and future buildings are based on the Insurance Services Office
(ISO) Needed Fire Flow documents. The ISO procedure for calculating required fire flows is
based on the type of construction; structure contents; building area; and the proximity to, and
communication with adjacent buildings. The procedure calculates the required exterior hose
flow.
A fire flow simulation was run with the WaterCAD model and has been utilized to determine
available fire flows around Campus. Currently, WCU does not have any fire hydrants located on
water lines smaller than 4 inches. Therefore, fire flows were not calculated for nodes located on
water lines smaller than 4 inches. Based on the model output, and maintaining a minimum
residual pressure of approximately 40 psi, the available fire flows range from approximately 500
to over 3,000 gpm.
The calculated fire flow demands and the modeled available fire flows at the various buildings
on Campus are summarized in Table 3-3 Existing Fire Flow Demand Summary.
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Table 3-3 Existing Fire Flow Demand Summary
Building
Albright-Benton Residence Hall*
Buchanan Residence Hall*
Madison Residence Hall*
Moore Building*
Reynolds Residence Hall*
Robertson Residence Hall*
Helder Residence Hall
Leatherwood Residence Hall
Hunter Library
Stillwell Building*
Hoey Auditorium*
McKee Building*
Reid Gym (Fitness Center, Pool)
Breese Gym (Dance, Pool)
Bird Health and Counseling
Grounds Maintenance/Paint Shop
Graham Building
Chancellors Residence
Brown Cafeteria
Dodson Cafeteria
Killian Ed & Psy Building
Camp Building/Annex/Gym*
Old Student Union
Triplex Apartments
Young Drive Faculty Apartments
Hinds University Center*
Killian Annex*
Scott Residence Hall*
Print Shop
Forsyth Building
Belk Building (Art Complex)
Harrill Residence Hall*
Walker Residence Hall*
Facilities Management
Jordan Phillips Field House
Natural Science Building*
Coulter Building
Calculated Required
Fire Flow (GPM)
500
500
500
500
500
500
3000
3000
4500
500
500
500
3000
1500
750
1750
750
500
2000
2250
2250
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
500
1250
2250
3000
500
500
1750
1000
500
2500
26
Modeled Available
Fire Flow (GPM)
2280
3260
1960
1900
630
630
2620
670
2240
2210
2180
2250
2620
2260
2260
2290
1880
1620
2000
670
1450
1550
2000
2140
760
720
1290
1430
1140
2750
1650
890
1670
2650
1630
1000
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Building
Bird Alumni House*
Robinson Admin Building
Jenkins House – University Club
University Book Store
Ramsey Activity Center*
Central Stores/Warehouse*
NCCAT Core
NCCAT Residence Hall A*
NCCAT Residence Hall B*
Center of Applied Technology*
Fine & Performing Arts Center*
Central Drive Residence Hall*
Village Student Housing*
Norton Road Residence Hall*
•
•
Calculated Required
Fire Flow (GPM)
500
2500
500
2000
500
500
2250
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
Modeled Available
Fire Flow (GPM)
1220
1300
1530
1360
1700
2050
850
730
730
1430
2620
770
820
1010
Note 1: * Indicates a sprinkled structure
Note 2: Bolded entries indicate that the current fire flow requirements are not being met
by the available fire flows.
As indicated above in Table 3-3, fire flows are generally very good around Campus. However,
there are some areas that do not meet the calculated fire flow requirements or generally have
lower available fire flows. These areas include areas served by small diameter (less than 6inch) water lines, areas at higher elevations, and areas that are somewhat hydraulically remote
from the main part of the water distribution system.
The modeled available fire flows indicated in Table 3-3 are based on a model run with the
200,000-gallon round tank half full, the 1.0-mg square tank full, and no pumps running at the
water treatment plant. The fire flow simulation was run in conjunction with average daily insession system demands and the minimum residual pressure was set at 40 psi. The modeled
available fire flows for buildings that are sprinkled was taken at the face of the building. The
available fire flows for non-sprinkled structures were taken at the single nearest available
hydrant based on the water system mapping provided by WCU. The fire flows listed are the
available flows at the hydrant. The structures, for which the modeled available fire flow is less
than the calculated required fire flow, are indicated by red circles in Figure 3-2 Inadequate
Available Fire Flows.
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Figure 3-2 Inadequate Available Fire Flows
In some cases, the nearest hydrant to a building may not provide the required fire flow for that
building independently. In these cases, additional nearby hydrants could be utilized to increase
the available fire flow during a fire event. For example, the available fire flow listed for
Leatherwood Residence Hall is from Hydrant #22. The flow from this hydrant does not satisfy
the required fire flow for this building independently. However, there are other hydrants nearby,
including Hydrant #23 and Hydrant #24 that could also be utilized during a fire event at
Leatherwood Hall. The available fire flow values listed in Table 3-3 are based only on the single
nearest available hydrant to the building.
In other cases, the listed available fire flow is considerably higher than the flow that could
realistically be delivered to a particular structure due to the location of the nearest hydrant. For
example, the available fire flow listed for the Chancellors Residence is based on Hydrant #4,
which is located approximately 500 feet north of the building, at a much lower elevation than the
building. In this case, the lower elevation at the hydrant location results in increased pressure
and available flow at the hydrant location. This value does not reflect what could be delivered
through a fire hose from the hydrant to the building, without the aid of additional pressure such
as could be supplied by a pumper type fire truck.
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Detailed fire flow calculation sheets are included for each structure listed in Appendix A for
reference. A model output table of available fire flows at individual nodes in the model is
included in Appendix A for reference.
3.2.3 Irrigation Water Usage
Irrigation water for the University’s athletic facilities (ball fields) is currently taken from the water
distribution system. This water usage makes up a large percentage of the water used by the
athletic department. According to staff, during dry periods, irrigation of the various athletic fields
is a significant demand on the water treatment and distribution system. This usage is not
currently metered, but has been estimated so that it can be accounted for in the water model.
Irrigation demands likely typically peak during the dryer late summer and early fall months of the
year when students are back on Campus. However, irrigation demands will also take place as
needed year round to maintain the various athletic fields and landscaped areas.
3.3
FUTURE REQUIREMENTS
3.3.1 General Information
The Campus Master Plan lists buildings and additions that are planned for construction in future
years. These buildings and additions are assumed to be supplied water service from WCU’s
water distribution system for domestic service and fire flow demands. Therefore, the condition
and capacity of the water system must be examined in this context. A computer model has
been developed that includes the addition of these future demands in order to examine the
adequacy of the current distribution system to serve the future needs of the Campus. This
section will describe the anticipated future needs of the Campus and make recommendations
for necessary improvements.
3.3.2 Water System Capacity
The Campus development Master Plan that was recently completed calls for construction of
new facilities, including classrooms, private space, housing, dining, and other auxiliary buildings,
to meet the projected Campus needs as the University expands enrollment. Water demands
have been estimated for the future buildings based on the projected size and intended use of
the various buildings and the existing demands for similar type buildings currently served by the
Campus water system.
Table 3-4 provides a list of the new buildings included in the Master Plan and their estimated
water demands.
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Table 3-4 Master Plan New Building Water Demands Summary
Building
Number
B
C
K
J
I
C
H
G
J
I
E
D
Estimated
Model
Water Use
(gpm)
New Building Name/Use
Neighborhood
Estimated
Water Use
(gpd)
New Classroom
New Classroom
Private Space
New Student Housing - 200 Beds
New Student Housing - 400 Beds
New Steam Plant
New Private Space
Reid Addition
Student Housing - 400 Beds
New Dining Hall
Student Housing - 400 Beds
Hospitality Management
Shops/Restaurants/Commercial
Office/Private
Mountain Heritage Museum
6
6
6
7
7
Services E
8
8
8
8
9
9
Town Center E
Town Center E
Town Center E
764
764
430
11,060
26,545
66,636
426
17,470
26,548
15,088
29,866
374
42,834
246
67
0.53
0.53
0.30
7.68
18.43
46.28
0.30
12.13
18.44
10.48
20.74
0.26
29.75
0.17
0.05
239,118
166.07
Total
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The Master Plan also calls for the demolition of certain existing facilities that have exceeded
their useful life. The existing water demands that are associated with the buildings to be
demolished are included below in Table 3-5.
Table 3-5 Master Plan Existing Building Demolition Water Demands Summary
Estimated
Model
Water Use
(gpm)
Building
Number
Existing Building Name/Use
(To be Demolished)
Neighborhood
Estimated
Water Use
(gpd)
2
23
39
40
41
64
69
17
19
7
8
24
26
Buchanan Res Hall
Brown Dining Hall
Triplex Apartments
Young Drive Faculty Apartment
Young Drive Faculty Apartment
Bird Alumni House
Jenkin's House
Ground / Maintenance/Paint
Steam Plant
Helder Res Hall - 400 Beds
Leatherwood Res Hall - 400 Beds
Dodson Dining Hall
Camp Building
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
Town Center E
8,316
10,289
1,240
1,822
797
157
145
335
43,958
20,165
21,789
11,817
2,091
5.78
7.15
0.86
1.27
0.55
0.11
0.10
0.23
30.53
14.00
15.13
8.21
1.45
122,921
85.37
Total
The projected water use associated with the new buildings exceeds the existing water use that
will be removed from the system when the existing buildings are demolished. The projected
increase in water use is estimated to be approximately 116,000 gpd (81 gpm). Adding this
demand to the existing average day in-session demand of 0.42 mgd yields a projected future
average day in-session demand of 0.54 mgd.
The current peak day flows in each month have a peaking factor of 1.0 to 2.0 over the average
daily in-session flows during the last three years. The peak factors were calculated by dividing
the monthly peak day demand by the average day in-session demand. Utilizing the highest
historical peaking factor of 2.0, the projected future peak day demand would be approximately
1.08 mgd.
The Campus Master Plan includes proposed locations for the structures listed in Table 3-5. The
majority of the proposed structures are located adjacent to or near existing Campus water lines.
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However, the location of the proposed steam plant on the east side of Old Cullowhee Road
across from the old Campus entrance does not currently have water service available. A water
line extension will be required from the existing distribution system to serve the proposed steam
plant. An 8-inch diameter water line was added to the water system model along with the
updated demands to reflect demolition and construction described in the Campus Master Plan
and to evaluate adequacy of the distribution system to provide service to these structures.
3.3.3 Fire Flow
The water system model was utilized to evaluate the adequacy of the distribution system to
provide fire flow demands, as well as domestic service, to the proposed structures. It is
assumed that all new structures will be provided with sprinkler systems for fire protection.
Available fire flows are listed in Table 3-6 for each of the proposed structures.
Table 3-6 - Master Plan New Building Available Fire Flow Summary
Building
Number
B
C
K
J
I
C
H
G
J
I
E
D
New Building Name/Use
New Classroom
New Classroom
Private Space
New Student Housing - 200 Beds
New Student Housing - 400 Beds
New Steam Plant
New Private Space
Reid Addition
Student Housing - 400 Beds
New Dining Hall
Student Housing - 400 Beds
Hospitality Management
Shops/Restaurants/Commercial
Office/Private
Mountain Heritage Museum
Neighborhood
6
6
6
7
7
Services E
8
8
8
8
9
9
Town Center E
Town Center E
Town Center E
Available Fire
Flow (gpm)
2310
2310
760
2490
520
2860
780
510
1020
2390
2590
1240
2430
2430
2430
The American Waterworks Association (AWWA) Manual M5, Water Utility Management,
contains guidelines for the required duration of fire flows based on the required fire flow rates.
The highest typical calculated fire flows for structures on Campus are 3,000 gpm. However, the
majority of structures on Campus have fire flows less than 2,500 gpm. For required fire flows of
2,500 gpm and less the required duration is 2 hours and for required fire flows of 3,000 gpm the
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required duration is 3 hours. Required fire flow storage for 3 hours of 3,000-gpm fire flow is
equal to 540,000 gallons.
3.3.4 Treatment and Storage
As previously discussed, there is approximately 1.2 mg of storage in two concrete tanks located
at the top of the hill roughly in the center of Campus. Additionally, there is 1.1-mg of pump
suction storage located in a tank and clearwell at the water treatment plant. Subtracting fire flow
storage from the total storage volume available yields 1.76-mg of storage available for domestic
demands. Therefore, the existing 2.3-mg storage in the water system provides approximately 3
days of finished water storage at the projected average daily flow rate and 1.5 days of storage
at the projected peak day flow rate.
There is an emergency power generator at the water treatment plant that allows the full 1.1-mg
pump suction storage at the water treatment plant to be available to the water system at all
times. Although the projected peak daily flow to serve the future expanded Campus exceeds
the 1.0-mgd water treatment plant capacity there is adequate storage within the water system to
meet the projected peak day demands. Therefore, the water treatment plant and finished water
storage capacity are adequate to serve the projected future Campus demands.
As the population increases, the water treatment plant will have to be operated in a more
continuous manner to keep up with daily demands. Average and peak daily demands should
continue to be monitored by water plant personnel so that as demands approach the existing
water treatment capacity planning can begin for expansion of the water treatment plant. In
addition, measures such as installation of low-flow fixtures in new and renovated structures can
be taken to reduce the per student demand. Any water saving measures that can be
implemented will increase the service life of the existing water treatment plant.
3.3.5 Distribution System
In addition to the water line extension to serve the proposed steam plant, there are additional
water line extensions that could be made to improve the overall reliability of the water
distribution system. The existing distribution system has a number of dead-end water line
extensions serving various areas of Campus, including: a 6-inch water line extending north
from Memorial Drive along Norton Road that serves the Village student housing area at the
north end of Campus; a 6-inch water line extending northwest from Memorial Drive to serve the
NCCAT area; a 10-inch line extending southwest along University Way to serve the Camp
Building area; and an 8-inch water line extending southwest from the 1.0-mg water tank to serve
the Ramsey Regional Activity Center and baseball field areas at the south end of Campus.
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Also, there are a number of structures located between Centennial Drive and Memorial Drive
from Hoey Auditorium to Reid Gym that are served by a 10-inch water line extending from
Centennial Drive.
Service to these areas of Campus can be improved with the construction of water lines to loop
these dead-end areas. These water line loops will provide secondary water supply routes to
maintain service to these areas during peak demand times, improve available fire flows in these
areas, improve system reliability, and improve water quality by eliminating stagnant zones within
the dead-end pipes. Four 8-inch diameter water line extensions are proposed to interconnect
the dead-end lines described above. The proposed water lines will create loops between the
Village and NCCAT water lines, the Camp Building and Ramsey Regional Activity Center water
lines, the Ramsey Regional Activity Center and Centennial Drive water lines, and the Memorial
Drive and Centennial Drive water lines. These proposed water lines are indicated by heavy
blue lines in Figure 3-3 Proposed Water Line Extensions. In addition, the new 8-inch line
described in Section 3.3.3 that is required to serve the proposed steam plant site is also
indicated in Figure 3-3 as a heavy blue line.
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Figure 3-3 Proposed Water Line Extensions
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3.4
WATER SYSTEM SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3.4.1 Recommendations
An evaluation of Western Carolina University’s water system was made by visual inspection
during a Campus visit. These facilities include raw water intake facilities, a 1.0-mgd rated water
treatment plant, three concrete storage tanks with a total capacity of 2.2-mg storage, and a
distribution system comprised of 2- to 12-inch diameter lines. Based on this evaluation and
information provided by WCU staff, a number of recommendations can be made.
Raw Water Intake
(1.) The existing raw water intake pump station is not equipped with an emergency back-up
power supply. The University does have a portable generator for this facility that can be
wired into the main power disconnect panel by hand. It is recommended that an
electrical quick-connect receptacle and manual transfer switch be installed to facilitate
connection of the portable generator. Conditions that would cause an extended power
outage at the intake pump station would most likely be due to inclement weather.
Installation of a quick-connect receptacle and transfer switch would facilitate connection
of the generator so that hands-on work within the electrical panel would not be required
to connect the generator and restore service to the intake pump station.
(2.)
There are three existing raw water pumps. Pump No. 2 has a capacity of 0.8 mgd and
Pump Nos. 1 and 3 have a combined capacity of approximately 1.0 mgd when operated
concurrently. It is recommended that Pump Nos. 1 and 3 be replaced with pumps rated
at 1.0 mgd each, matching the capacity of the treatment plant, to provide a more reliable
raw water delivery to the treatment plant.
Raw Water Mixing
(3.) The existing vertical-axis paddle-type mixer is a single speed unit. It is recommended
that the flash mixer motor/drive unit be replaced with a variable speed drive unit to
improve control of mixing and flocculation. A variable speed mixer would allow water
plant personnel to control the amount of mixing based on the influent water quality and
chemical feed rates.
(4.)
The existing flocculation basin is a concrete flume with baffling provided by wooden
baffles inserted into the flow path. These wooden baffles provide a vertical serpentine
flow path to promote flocculation. The baffles located near the water surface are
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showing signs of deterioration. It is recommended that the wooden baffles be replaced
with new wooden or aluminum baffles.
Sedimentation
(5.) The existing sedimentation basin walls are showing some signs of cracking and spalling.
It is recommended that these areas be monitored and concrete repaired as needed to
minimize deterioration of the concrete surface. Maintenance of the existing basin walls
will lengthen the useful life of the existing treatment facility.
(6.)
The existing handrail around the flocculation and sedimentation basins is not equipped
with kick plates. Without kick plates, there is a danger during icy conditions of falling and
sliding under the handrail into the basins. In addition, these kick plates would provide
some protection from tools or other items being dropped or kicked accidentally into the
basins. When the basins are in service, any items dropped into them would be difficult
to retrieve. When the basins are taken out of service for maintenance activities, there is
a danger of items falling onto any person who may be working in the basins. It is
recommended that kick plates be installed along all existing hand rails located around
the flocculation and sedimentation basins.
(7.)
The existing ladders extending from the walkways into the sedimentation basins are in
poor condition. According to plant personnel, these existing ladders have not been used
for quite some time and access into the basins to perform maintenance activities
requires the use of portable ladders. It is recommended that new ladders be mounted in
the sedimentation basins to provide safe access for maintenance activities and also to
provide exit locations for anyone who may accidentally fall into the basins.
Chlorine Feed (Raw and Finished)
(8.) Plant personnel reported that the chlorine cylinder scale does not function well during
cold weather. It is recommended that the chlorine cylinder scale be replaced.
Soda Ash (Raw and Finished Water)
(9.) The soda ash system is still working well but the equipment is old and replacement parts
are difficult to find. It is recommended that the soda ash feed system be replaced with a
new dry chemical hopper, feeder, and solution tank system in the same location as the
existing equipment. This would allow continued feeding of dry soda ash into the feeder
hopper located on the first floor. A second option would be to replace the dry soda ash
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feed system with a liquid caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) feed system. Plant personnel
discussed this alternative with the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) and it was recommended by DENR that soda ash continue
to be used at this plant due to corrosion and lead level issues that have been reported
with the use of caustic soda.
Water Plant Wastewater
(10.) The existing sludge dewatering facility involves a labor intensive and time consuming
process of bagging sludge for dewatering, which is difficult for the limited number of
water plant staff. It is recommended that WCU enter into negotiations with TWSA to
allow the discharge of the WWTP plant and domestic waste into the TWSA wastewater
collection system. It is our understanding that some conversations have been had with
TWSA over the years to discuss this issue. This would allow WCU to abandon the
existing sludge handling facility and septic tank drainfield that are currently being utilized.
Finished Water and Backwash Water Pumps
(11.) There are four existing finished water pumps and one existing filter backwash pump.
Two of the finished water pumps were installed when the plant was expanded in 1973
and have rated capacities of 700-gpm, approximately matching the rated capacity of the
plant. The other two finished water pumps are original plant equipment. It is
recommended that three of these pumps (Pump Nos. 1, 3, and 4) be replaced with new
finished water pumps with capacities of at least 700-gpm each.
It is further
recommended that the other pump (Pump No. 2) should be converted to a filter
backwash pump. This could be accomplished with minor discharge piping modifications
in the pump room and would provide pump redundancy for the filter backwashing
operation. With the current single filter backwash pump, if the pump were to fail, there
would be no means of backwashing the filters until the pump is replaced. The
combination of replacing the finished water pumps and providing a backup filter
backwash pump will increase the pumping capacity and reliability of the plant.
General Building Improvements
(12.) According to plant personnel, the existing plant boiler has operation and maintenance
problems and is not reliable. In addition, the boiler is fed by a buried oil tank located
adjacent to the water plant. It is recommended that HVAC improvements be made to
the plant building that would include the removal of the existing buried tank and
replacement of the boiler with a new gas or electric boiler. In addition, a number of other
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general building improvements could be
made, including glass partition walls
between the filter console gallery and the
filters and pump gallery, laboratory
upgrades, and security cameras at the
remote pumping and storage sites with
display at the plant.
Photo 22 Glass Partitions at WTP
Filters (Harrisonburg, VA)
Water Storage Facilities
(13.) It is recommended that a detailed inspection of the existing 200,000-gallon tank be
performed to determine if the tank should continue being utilized. The tank overflow
elevation is well above that of the adjacent 1.0-mg tank, which causes operational issues
when utilizing the tank. Also, according to WCU personnel, the tank has cracks in the
walls that leak when the water level in the tank is too high, reducing its usable capacity.
Water plant personnel have suggested demolishing this tank and replacing it with a new
500,000-gallon tank at this site. This alternative should be explored pending the results
of the detailed evaluation of the existing 200,000-gallon tank.
(14.) There is an existing 1.0-mg square concrete tank located on top of the hill, roughly in the
center of Campus. This tank was constructed in the early 1970s. The concrete roof of
this tank is weathered and spalled. In addition, previous repairs to the roof are spalling
and delaminating from the concrete surface. It is recommended that the roof be
evaluated to verify that it is structurally sound. If the roof is sound it can then be repaired
by clearing the roof of all loose concrete material, building up and leveling the surface,
and covering the tank roof with a membrane roofing system. This type of repair will
significantly increase the useful life of the existing tank.
(15.) Plant personnel reported problems with the inlet valve and operator on the existing 1.0mg clearwell located adjacent to the plant. It is recommended that this valve and
operator be replaced to improve operational control of the existing clearwell.
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Water Distribution System
(16.) According to WCU personnel, improvements are being made around Campus to the
water distribution system as well as fire protection systems within individual structures as
buildings are being constructed and renovations are taking place. It is recommended
that sprinkler systems be installed in all new and renovated structures, and that they be
considered for retrofitting existing structures that are not scheduled for major renovation
in the near future. Sprinkler systems reduce the fire flow demands of individual
structures and provide a safer environment for the students, faculty, and staff, as well as
protect valuable Campus assets.
(17.) A number of existing structures are served by small diameter water service lines, 2-inch
diameter or less in size. Many additional structures are served by 3-inch diameter water
service lines. It is also recommended that, as structures are constructed or renovated,
that water service lines supplying these structures be upsized from the structure back to
the water distribution mains. This will improve pressure and flow within the structures
during peak demand times.
(18.) There are a number of water distribution lines around Campus that are 3- to 4-inch
diameter lines of varying ages. It is recommended that, as construction activities take
place on Campus, that these lines be replaced with minimum 6-inch diameter water
lines, and any of these lines that are main lines should be replaced with minimum 8-inch
diameter lines. This will improve the ability of the distribution system to meet peak
domestic and fire flow demands. In addition, the location of existing water lines in the
vicinity of Joiner Plaza may not be well documented. There is a history, including a
recent repair, of undocumented water lines being uncovered in this area. Consideration
should be given to replacing the water lines in this area and properly documenting the
lines.
(19.) The existing 3-inch diameter service lines to Reynolds and Robinson Residence Halls
have experienced a number of leaks due to corrosion problems. It is recommended that
these service lines be replaced with 6-inch service lines. In addition, the existing 6-inch
diameter service line to Brown Cafeteria has leaking valves located in sections of old pitcast piping. It is recommended that the service line and valves be replaced.
(20.) There are a number of dead-end water line extensions that have been made as the
Campus has expanded. These are described in Section 3.3.5. Water line extension to
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create loops between these dead-end lines are recommended to provide secondary
water supply routes to maintain service to these areas during peak demand times,
improve available fire flows in these areas, improve system reliability, and improve water
quality by eliminating stagnant zones within the dead-end pipes. The recommended
water lines are indicated in Figure 3-3 by heavy blue lines.
(21.) Irrigation water for the University’s athletic facilities (ball fields) is currently taken from
the water distribution system. This water usage makes up a large percentage of the
water used by the athletic department. According to staff, during dry periods, irrigation
of the various athletic fields is a significant demand on the water treatment and
distribution system. It is recommended that a raw water source be developed to serve
these irrigation needs and remove these demands from the finished water distribution
system. A small creek runs through the west side of Campus near the majority of the
athletic fields that are irrigated. Developing a pond or other aesthetically pleasing water
feature to provide irrigation storage at the north end of Campus near the Village student
housing area should be considered.
3.4.2 Proposed Implementation Schedule
The recommendations described above have been divided into two categories. Near-term
improvements are those that are recommended to be performed within the next 3 years, and
long-term improvements are those recommended to be performed within the next 10 years.
Recommendations classified as near-term include items necessary to maintain safe and
effective operation of the water treatment, storage, and distribution system in order to serve the
existing Campus. Long-term improvements are those that will improve the overall reliability of
the water system and enable it to meet future Campus demands, as well as improve the
efficiency of the system. These include Recommendation Nos. 17, 18, and 20, which are all
related to distribution system improvements to be made as construction activities take place
around Campus.
Table 3-7 - Summary of Implementation Timeframe categorizes the above-described
recommendations into near- or long-term.
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Table 3-7 - Summary of Implementation Timeframe
No.
Recommendations
Timeframe
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Raw Water Intake – electrical quick-connect
Raw Water Intake – raw water pumps
Raw Water Mixing – flash mixer motor/drive unit
Raw Water Mixing – wooden baffles
Sedimentation – concrete repair
Sedimentation – handrail kickplate
Sedimentation – basin ladders
Chlorine Feed – cylinder scale
Soda Ash – dry feed system
Wastewater – negotiate with TWSA
Plant Pumps – replace finished water, re-pipe backwash pump
General Building Improv. – HVAC, lab, glass partition, security
Water storage – detailed inspection of 200,000-gal tank
Water Storage – repair roof 1.0-mg tank
Water Storage – 1.0-mg clearwell inlet valve and operator
Distribution – sprinkler systems during renovations
Distribution – service lines during renovations
Distribution – main replacement (renovations, Joyner Plaza)
Distribution – service line replacement
Distribution – water line loops
Distribution – irrigation water source development
Near-term
Near-term
Near-term
Long-term
Long-term
Near-term
Near-term
Near-term
Near-term
Long-term
Near-term
Long-term
Long-term
Near-term
Near-term
Long-term
Long-term
Long-term
Near-term
Long-term
Long-term
3.4.3 Opinion of Probable Cost
An opinion of probable cost for each of the recommendations described has been prepared and
is summarized in Table 3-8 - Summary of Opinion of Probable Costs. Detailed cost estimates
are included in Appendix A for reference. The total estimated costs for near-term and long-term
recommendations are approximately $735,000 and $3,330,000, respectively.
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Table 3-8 - Summary of Opinion of Probable Costs
No.
Near-Term Recommendations
Cost
1
2
3
6
7
8
9
11
14
15
19
Raw Water Intake – electrical quick-connect
Raw Water Intake – raw water pumps
Raw Water Mixing – flash mixer motor/drive unit
Sedimentation – handrail kickplate
Sedimentation – basin ladders
Chlorine Feed – cylinder scale
Soda Ash – replace feed system
Plant Pumps – replace finished water, re-pipe backwash pump
Water Storage – repair roof 1.0-mg tank
Water Storage – 1.0-mg clearwell inlet valve and operator
Distribution – service line replacement
$8,500
$62,000
$9,500
$11,050
$10,920
$11,800
$146,600
$173,000
$154,000
$7,200
$140,000
Near-Term Sub-total
No.
4
5
10
12
13
16
17
18
20
21
$734,570
Long-Term Recommendations
Raw Water Mixing – wooden baffles
Sedimentation – concrete repair
Wastewater – negotiate with TWSA
General Building Improv. – HVAC, lab, glass partition, security
Water storage – detailed inspection of 200,000-gal tank
Distribution – sprinkler systems during renovations
Distribution – service lines during renovations
Distribution – main replacement (renovations, Joyner Plaza)
Distribution – water line loops
Distribution – irrigation water source development
Long-Term Sub-Total
•
•
•
Cost
$11,560
$32,000
See Note 3
$204,460
$35,000
See Note 2
See Note 2
$491,725
$1,270,000
$1,285,000
$3,329,745
Note 1: Total cost for individual item shown in the above table includes 40 percent markup
for engineering and contingencies.
Note 2: Implementation of this recommendation is currently underway by WCU staff.
Therefore, a cost estimate has not been prepared for this item.
Note 3: The cost of this item will be determined by the cost of service from TWSA and will
be based on negotiations with TWSA. Therefore, a cost estimate has not been prepared
of this item.
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4
STEAM SYSTEM
4.1
EXISTING CONDITIONS
4.1.1 General Description
The steam plant is the primary steam generating facility on
Campus. Part of the plant was built during the 1920s, and
most of the equipment is reaching the end of its useful life.
Significant portions of the steam and condensate distribution
systems are also old and in need of replacement, especially
the condensate lines.
The plant has four boilers, whose total capacity has decreased
from 141,000 pounds per hour (pph) of steam to approximately
107,000 pph primarily due to de-rating of Boiler No. 1. The
boilers are equipped to burn either natural gas or No. 6 fuel oil.
Oil has been less expensive to burn recently and is currently
the primary fuel. During cold weather, the plant burns
approximately 7,000 gallons of No. 6 fuel oil per day. Summer
usage is approximately 3,000 gallons per day.
Photo 23
View from Steam Plant
Similar to most of the other equipment in the plant, the electrical switchgear is very old. This
makes replacement parts hard to find and decreases the reliability of the plant.
4.1.2 Plant Capacity
The steam plant has four boilers rated at 141,000 pph (actual reliable capacity is 107,000 pph).
Each boiler’s rated capacity is as follows 4:
Boiler No. 1:
Boiler No. 2:
35,000 pph (10,000 pph reliable capacity)
40,000 pph (39,000 pph reliable capacity)
Boiler No. 3:
Boiler No. 4:
22,000 pph (22,000 pph reliable capacity)
44,000 pph (36,000 pph reliable capacity)
4
Reliable capacity ratings and comments on equipment condition were obtained in discussions with Mr. Mike
Hoyle, Steam Plant Supervisor, in interviews on February 7 and 8, 2006.
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All boilers have the capability of being fired with either natural gas or No. 6 fuel oil. The ages of
the boilers range from 33 years to 55 years old. More detailed information on the boilers is
presented in the next section of this report.
4.1.3 Steam Generating Equipment
The steam plant has four boilers for producing steam. All boilers are Babcock & Wilcox. Boiler
No. 1 is brick-set and the other three are D-type package boilers. The boilers are all fueled with
natural gas and No. 6 fuel oil. Boiler No. 1 and two additional boilers are required to meet the
normal Campus steam demand during cold weather. Boiler Nos. 2, 3, and 4 are all required to
meet the peak Campus demand of 101,000 pph.
Boiler No. 1 was built in 1951 and, per the nameplate, has a nominal capacity of 35,000 pph at
a pressure of 180 psi at saturation temperature. Its present reliable capacity is 10,000 pph.
The boiler, originally coal-fired, was converted in 1966 to accommodate natural gas and No. 6
fuel oil. Seventeen of its tubes are plugged, and additional tube failures continue to be a
concern. Tube locations near the mud drum have external pitting, which make them susceptible
to failure. The boiler is base-loaded at low loads, and boiler loads are changed slowly in order
to reduce the chances of additional tube failures due to stress. Controls for Boiler No. 1 are
very old and outdated and the boiler has to be lit off manually. If any control component fails to
the point where parts are needed, the boiler must be taken off-line until replacement parts can
be obtained or complete new control devices are obtained, if the University feels the investment
is justified. Due to age and obsolescence some parts almost certainly will not longer be
available. A steam flow meter used on the boiler is mercury filled which carries the risk of a spill
and a difficult and expensive cleanup.
Boiler No. 2 was built in 1966 and, per the nameplate, has a nominal capacity of 40,000 pph at
406 degrees F and 250 psi with 3,850 square feet of heating surface. Its present reliable
capacity is 39,000 pph. This boiler has new controls and a new burner. The economizer for this
boiler has been gutted and is no longer used. There are minor burner problems when oil is
used, but no major problems.
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Boiler No. 3 was built in 1969 and, per the nameplate, has a
nominal capacity of 22,000 pph at 406 degrees F and 250
psi with 2,503 square feet of heating surface. This boiler
also has new controls and a new burner. There is a small
breaching leak, but no major problems.
Boiler No. 4 was built in 1973 and, per the nameplate, has a
nominal capacity of 44,000 pph at 406 degrees F and 250
psi with 3,850 square feet of heating surface. Its present
capacity is 36,000 pph. The gas burner on Boiler No. 4 is
designed to be fueled with propane and is not very efficient
when burning natural gas. The cost to replace the burner
with one designed for efficient operation on natural gas is
more than the University is willing to invest. The boiler
operates efficiently using No. 6 fuel oil. Boiler No. 4 has new
controls and was re-tubed in 1988. There is a small
breaching leak but no major problems.
Photo 24 Boiler No. 3
4.1.4 Fuel and Storage
The primary fuels for the plant are natural gas and No. 6
fuel oil. These are burned alternately, based on cost and
availability.
Fuel oil is stored in three 75,000-gallon storage tanks,
located inside a concrete containment wall with a gravel
floor. The oil tanks are steam-heated to 150 degrees F
and further heated to 200 degrees F inside the plant
before being distributed to the boilers. Natural gas is
supplied by PSNC, a local gas distribution company. A
limited amount of propane is stored in a tank near the main
Photo 25 Fuel Oil Storage
fuel tanks and is provided for use only for pilots in the
event that natural gas is unavailable.
During cold weather, the plant burns approximately 7,000
gallons of No. 6 fuel oil per day. In the summertime,
usage drops to approximately 3,000 gallons per day.
Photo 26 Feedwater Pumps
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4.1.5 Auxiliary Equipment
A single Cochrane deaerator and 2,095-gallon storage tank,
serves the plant’s feedwater system. A turbine-driven pump
and two electric pumps serve as feedwater pumps. At the
time of the survey, only the steam-driven feedwater pump
was running to serve the three operating boilers.
A single condensate receiver and three electric condensate
pumps comprise the condensate collection system of the
plant. At the time of the survey, only two of the pumps were
running.
Two water softeners, which appeared to be approximately
15 cubic feet each, were installed in 1998 and provide
make-up water to the deaerator. A single 4-inch water line
serves the plant’s make-up water needs. During very high
steam loads, it is necessary to partially bypass the
softeners to obtain adequate make-up water. This high
load on the make-up water system is due to the low amount
of condensate being returned to the plant from the Campus
system.
Photo 27 Water Softeners
Photo 28 Condensate Tank
Two air compressors in a duplex arrangement serve the plant. Only one compressor is needed
to handle the plant’s compressed air needs with the other compressor serving as a standby.
Chemicals that are currently being used to treat the water
system at the plant are as follows:
•
560 sodium hydroxide (for pH)
•
IS100 oxygen scavenger
•
NA701 blend of amines (for condensate treatment)
•
SP531 polymer sludge conditioner
•
CL361 Chelant
Photo 29 Chemical
Treatment
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Small amounts of Chelant are being used in Boiler No. 4 only to clean up some minor deposits
in the tubes. The use of Chelant will be discontinued after the remaining chemical on hand is
used up.
A tabulation of chemical usage for 2005 obtained from Rosie Greenwood (WCU) is included in
the Appendix. The current chemical treatment contractor is G. E. Betz, but a decision has been
made to switch to AJ Chemical.
The three newest boilers (2, 3, and 4) have Kentube economizers installed in their exhaust
ducts; however, the economizer for Boiler 2 has been gutted. These economizers are used to
preheat feedwater from the deaerator.
4.1.6 Distribution System
Saturated steam is distributed at 120 psi to most of the Campus. Low
pressure steam (30 psi) is distributed from the plant to serve Hoey
Auditorium, Breeze Gym, Graham Building, Albright-Benton Dorm,
and Harrill Dorm.
Steam is sent to Upper Campus through an 8-inch line located in a
walkable tunnel that is approximately 4 feet wide by 6-feet high. This
tunnel is approximately 570 feet in length. The lines are in tiles
between manholes after leaving the tunnel. Takeoffs in this tunnel
distribute steam to buildings on the Upper Campus. A pressurereducing station in Brown provides 30-psi steam through some of the
Photo 30 Tunnel to
old steam distribution system to Albright-Benton and Harrill Dorms
Upper Campus
which are the only two buildings on Upper Campus still using low
pressure steam. A 4-inch condensate return line is also located in
this tunnel and serves as a header for bringing condensate from the Campus back to the steam
plant from a combination pumped and gravity return system.
Steam is sent to Lower Campus through both an 8-inch high pressure (120 psi) line leaving the
steam plant and running along the sidewalk on the north side of Central Drive and a low
pressure line running through a small tunnel (LP Tunnel), running from the steam plant to the
McKee Building mechanical room. Low pressure steam serves the Hoey Auditorium, Breeze
Gym, and Graham Building on Lower Campus. Condensate returns from the Lower Campus
buildings through two lines (6 inch and 3 inch) running in the LP Tunnel into the steam plant.
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The Center for Applied Technology is heated using hot water supplied from heat exchangers in
Belk. This is the only building that is heated using hot water from another building.
Over the years, condensate lines have frequently failed, with the primary cause of the failures
being corrosion due to oxygen pitting and carbonic acid being present in the condensate.
Steam lines have also had some problems but to a much lesser extent than the condensate
system. Data from a water meter on the make-up water system confirms this steady
degradation. Table 4-1 shows usage data and also illustrates how the required amount of
make-up water has steadily increased over the past 3 years of operation.
Table 4-1 Year Totals (2003, 2004, and 2005)
Calendar Year
Total Steam Produced, Pounds
Total Make-up Water, Pounds
Percent Make-up
2003
2004
2005
140,126,383
145,319,028
142,775,225
48,228,201
64,983,163
92,156,456
34%
45%
65%
For the 3 years listed, the amount of steam produced remains relatively constant, between 140
million pounds and 145 million pounds annually. Make-up water for these years, however, has
almost doubled. This is due to a failing condensate system that is unable to return condensate
back to the plant. The costs associated with this failure include the cost of the make-up water,
the cost of heating up the make-up water to the temperature of condensate
(~180 ºF), and the cost of chemical treatment.
During the site visit, University personnel indicated particular condensate lines that have
recurring leakage problems. These problems are summarized in the following table:
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Table 4-2 Problems Areas on Steam and Condensate Distribution System
Line Description
Description of Problem
Dodson Cafeteria
Leaking badly; Manhole 121 (located in this line) had a
significant amount of steam flowing through and steam
vapor coming out of the manhole and nearby storm drains
in the shrubbery
Manhole 122 outside Scott Dorm
Water present in manhole; steam vapors coming out of the
manhole and from the roof downspout nearby
Manhole 117 to Manhole 119
Bad pipe leaks; line has been cut and capped with a
temporary direct-buried steel line installed; corrosion on
original pipe occurred externally where pipe support rollers
were made using galvanized pipe over all thread rods
instead of using proper rollers
Manhole 114 to Manhole 115
This section of piping has leaks. Lines from Manhole 114
to Coulter also leak. Manhole 115 was flooded and had
steam vapors coming out.
Manhole 108
Water infiltrates into the tile between manhole 108 and
Hinds University Center.
Manholes 108 and 109
Will be relocated due to the building demolition and
replacement projects in the area.
Manhole 101
The condensate line between Manhole 101 and the Steam
Plant is eaten up and has been abandoned.
The
condensate return has been re-routed from Manhole 104
through the low pressure steam tunnel back to the Plant.
Manhole 102
Both steam and condensate lines from Manhole 102 to
Bird are direct buried. These are in bad shape and need
replacing from manhole 102 to 142 and Bird. Stillwell will
have a new steam service from manhole 102 as part of the
renovation project underway
Manhole 104
All steam to lower Campus goes through manhole 104.
The lines in this manhole are not accessible and the
manhole needs replacing. The main condensate line runs
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Line Description
Description of Problem
into the low pressure steam tunnel from the vicinity of
manhole 104 back to the steam plant. It is possible to
crawl through this small tunnel. Only an 8” steam line runs
from manhole 102 to 104.
Manhole 104A
Manhole 104A has stubs for running steam and
condensate lines up the road to tie in to the upper Campus
system but this has not been done. The manhole was
installed around 2002.
Manhole 116
Installation of a loop from manhole 116 to 123 should be
considered.
Manhole 126
The lines from manhole 126 run under Breese Gym to
Graham Building and they need replacing. These need
replacing and upgrading from the present LPS to HPS.
Manhole 117
The condensate line from manhole 117 to 119 is cut and
capped and needs replacing.
Manhole 137
Manhole 137 is an old and was constructed of rock. This
manhole remains in service with old 30 psi steam and
condensate lines active.
4.1.7 Operation
The steam plant is the primary source for Campus heating and is therefore operated
continuously, with only a short three-day outage for maintenance occurring in May. This outage
was originally a two-week period, but over time, it has been shortened, compressing the
timeframe in which needed maintenance can occur. Most maintenance of individual boilers is
possible on a single boiler at a time, and most auxiliary systems in the steam plant have backup
equipment. The main requirement for a complete shutdown of the steam plant and steam
system is to do maintenance on the distribution system. The minimal size of the operating and
maintenance staff would seem to severely limit the amount of maintenance that can be
accomplished on idle equipment while the steam plant is still in operation. A shutdown of the
steam plant for less than a week seems short, considering the time required for systems to cool
sufficiently to allow maintenance, and considering the small maintenance staff.
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Currently, five boiler operators and one supervisor operate and maintain the plant. Aside from
the tasks associated with steam plant operation, these individuals also must serve as the
switchboard operators for the Facilities Management Department after normal office hours 5
p.m. until 8 a.m.). During holidays, these steam plant personnel serve as the switchboard
operators for the entire Campus. In addition, plant personnel serve as dispatch for emergency
personnel during fire alarms and other trouble signals. The motor pool is also managed by plant
personnel. Even with the added responsibilities, the steam plant office does not have e-mail,
internet, or computer communications with the rest of the Campus.
Data has been obtained from Western Carolina University 5 that shows the amount of steam
generated by each of the four boilers located at the plant. This data for the most recent full
calendar year is shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1 Total Steam Generation (2005)
2005 Steam Generation
20,000,000
18,000,000
16,000,000
14,000,000
Pounds
12,000,000
Boiler 4
10,000,000
Boiler 3
Boiler 2
8,000,000
Boiler 1
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
0
5
Data on steam and water production and usage as well as cost data in this report was obtained from various
reports provided by Ms. Rosie Greenwood in the WCU Facilities Department.
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According to this graph, Boiler Nos. 2 and 4 are used to produce most of the steam for the
Campus, with Boiler No. 3 following close behind. Boiler No. 1, which is only used during
periods of high steam demand, shows steam production in January only for this particular year.
This is due to the poor condition of Boiler No. 1.
Costs for operating the plant, not including personnel cost, was also obtained from the
University. This is shown in Figure 4-2 for the year 2005. This figure illustrates some key
factors in how the Campus steam system is operating. Electric power and make-up water are
fairly minor costs compared to the fuel cost. Also, this figure shows that the costs of oil and
natural gas are fairly equal over the course of the year. As mentioned previously, the choice of
fuel is determined by the cost to operate on that fuel. What is not shown in this figure is the true
cost of make-up water with respect to heat input and chemical treatment. Instead, this figure
only shows the cost to produce the make-up water. If the total cost of the make-up water is
taken into account, then some of the cost attributed to fuel would be shifted to the make-up
water cost. In other words, the high amount of make-up water needed at the plant becomes an
unnecessarily high steam load for the plant causing the plant to be extremely inefficient. If the
amount of make-up water was reduced to a “reasonable” level, then the cost of fuel would
decrease also for every month shown in Figure 4-2. Annually, this savings would be
approximately 9,787 million Btu’s, or roughly 9.8 million cubic feet of natural gas. At $7.00 per
thousand cubic foot of natural gas, the savings would be approximately $68,500 annually.
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Figure 4-2 Steam Plant Operating Costs (2005)
2005 Itemized Costs
250,000.00
200,000.00
Dollars
150,000.00
Electric Power
Make-Up Water
Oil
100,000.00
Natural Gas
50,000.00
54
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
0.00
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4.2
CAMPUS STEAM REQUIREMENTS
4.2.1 Individual Building Steam Consumption
The metering of steam allows for the total Campus consumption to be known on an annual
basis but not an hourly basis so as to give peak steam demands for individual buildings. In
order to properly analyze the steam distribution system, the peak hourly steam load would need
to be known.
Based upon historical weather data for Asheville, NC, a day in the heating season was selected
where the peak heating load would most likely occur. Data from the boilers was collected for
this day, along with data for the day before and the day after. This data was collected for
3 years (2004, 2005, and 2006) for January 26, 27, and 28. According to this data, the peak
steam production is approximately 100,000 pph.
Since the peak heating demand of the Campus is approximately 100,000 pph; and, since the
plant sees the Campus load through the effect of diversity, diversity must be assumed. Dividing
the maximum steam demand as seen by the plant (100,000 pph), results in the total Campus
load. Assuming a diversity of 80 percent, which is typical of similar universities, the total
Campus steam load is 125,000 pph. Actual steam load factors compiled by the U.S.
Department of Energy were used as a basis to correlate this maximum steam load to individual
building loads. The resulting distribution of Campus steam demand per building based upon
building size and use is shown in Table 4-3.
The steam usage per square foot of gross building area for the entire Campus, including the
boiler plant loads, is 0.060 PPH/sq.ft. This is higher than a typical Campus of similar size where
a range of 0.040 to 0.050 PPH/sq.ft. would be expected. On an annual basis, WCU uses
approximately 68 MBH/SF of steam. According to data from the Department of Energy, this is
over 7 percent higher than the average building located in an area with more than 7000 annual
heating degree days such as Cullowhee, NC. The higher steam usage per square foot
indicates that there may be significant opportunity for energy savings by making changes within
the buildings. If the steam usage could be reduced by 7 percent, then annual savings could be
nearly $70,000 per year, assuming a rate of $0.007/CF for natural gas. An energy audit could
be performed to identify projects that would result in energy savings. In addition, a project could
be implemented where sub-meters are installed on buildings to record energy usage (steam,
electricity, or both) on a per building basis in order to identify buildings with excessive energy
usage. A detailed energy audit could then be conducted on the buildings where payoff in the
form of energy savings would be the most significant.
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Table 4-3 Existing Building Steam Loads
Name
Albright-Benton Residence Hall
Buchanan Residence Hall
Madison Residence Hall
Moore Building
Reynolds Residence Hall
Robertson Residence Hall
Helder Residence Hall
Leatherwood Residence Hall
Hunter Library
Stillwell Building
Hoey Auditorium
McKee Building
Reid Gym
Bird Building
Steam Plant
Graham Building
Brown Cafeteria
Dodson Cafeteria
Killian Building
Old Student Union
Hinds University Center
Killian Annex
Scott Residence Hall
Forsyth Building
Belk Building
Harrill Residence Hall
Walker Residence Hall
Natural Sciences Building
Coulter Building
Fine & Performing Arts
H.F. Robinson Admin Bldg
Central Drive Residence Hall
Church
Grounds Maintenance/ Paint Shop
Total
Pounds per
Hour,
(PPH)
4,642
2,125
1,269
3,017
2,902
1,637
4,034
4,037
7,507
5,762
1,112
2,667
6,509
728
12,541
644
2,507
3,365
2,657
378
2,469
1,557
7,103
3,183
5,453
3,497
3,491
3,708
3,718
7,905
3,612
5,697
1,376
2,096
Gross
Building
Area,
(sq.ft.)
92,730
40,457
24,448
56,107
55,248
31,360
80,144
80,144
155,400
106,884
18,178
49,559
99,337
14,655
13,192
9,378
30,239
40,656
51,277
6,604
44,300
31,034
141,790
62,816
107,824
71,072
71,160
73,273
74,620
128,465
72,500
100,852
1,560
34,048
Steam
Load
Factor,
(PPH/sq.ft)
0.050
0.053
0.052
0.054
0.053
0.052
0.050
0.050
0.048
0.054
0.061
0.054
0.066
0.050
0.951
0.069
0.083
0.083
0.052
0.057
0.056
0.050
0.050
0.051
0.051
0.049
0.049
0.051
0.050
0.062
0.050
0.056
0.050
0.062
124,905
2,098,768
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4.3
FUTURE REQUIREMENTS
4.3.1 General Information
The Campus Master Plan lists buildings and additions that are planned for construction in future
years. These buildings and additions are assumed to utilize steam for their heating needs.
Therefore, the condition and capacity of the plant must be examined in this context. A computer
model has been developed that includes the addition of these future loads in order to examine
the adequacy of the current steam plant and distribution system to serve the future needs of the
Campus. This section will describe the anticipated future needs of the Campus and make
recommendations for necessary improvements.
4.3.2 Future Building Steam Loads
Based upon the latest Campus Master Plan, the new buildings and additions that will be served
by the Campus steam system have been listed in Table 4-4. These buildings are assumed to
be served by high pressure steam (120 psig).
Table 4-4 Master Plan New Building Steam Demands Summary
Building
Number
B
C
K
J
I
C
H
G
J
I
E
New Building Name/Use
Neighborhood
New Classroom
New Classroom
Private Space
New Student Housing - 200 Beds
New Student Housing - 400 Beds
New Steam Plant
New Private Space
Reid Addition
Student Housing - 400 Beds
New Dining Hall
Student Housing - 400 Beds
Shops/Restaurants/Commercial
Office/Private
Mountain Heritage Museum
6
6
6
7
7
Services E
8
8
8
8
9
Town Center E
Town Center E
Town Center E
Total
Estimated
Steam Use
(pph)
6,240
6,240
3,443
2,550
6,120
17,300
3,417
4,831
6,120
4,307
6,885
5,745
2,007
546
75,751
57
Estimated
Gross Area
(sq.ft.)
120,000
120,000
67,500
50,000
120000
20,000
67,000
73,200
120,000
51,890
135,000
110,480
38,600
10,500
1,104,170
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Also indicated by in the Campus Master Plan are plans for existing buildings that are currently
served by the Campus Steam Plant to be demolished. These buildings are shown in Table 4-5.
Table 4-5 Master Plan Existing Building Demolition Steam Demands Summary
Building
Number
Existing Building Name/Use
(To be Demolished)
Neighborhood
Estimated Model
Steam Use (pph)
2
Buchanan Res. Hall
6
2,125
23
Brown Dining Hall
6
2,507
17
Grounds Maintenance / Paint Shop
7
2,096
19
Steam Plant
7
12,541
7
Helder Res. Hall - 400 Beds
8
4,034
8
Leatherwood Res. Hall - 400 Beds
8
4,037
24
Dodson Dining Hall
8
3,365
Total
30,705
The net increase in steam demand as a result of the changes proposed by the Campus Master
Plan is 45,045 pph. A computer model was developed to simulate how the existing steam
piping distribution system would react to this increase in load and to develop recommendations
for improving the ability of this system to handle future loads. Further discussion of the output of
these models is in Section 4.3.3.
4.3.3 Future Steam Distribution Requirements
Aside from the condition of the steam distribution system, the sizes and routing of the existing
system are adequate for supplying steam to the various buildings that consume steam. As
future steam loads are added, the capacity of the existing steam distribution system will be
utilized more. A computer model was developed using Pipe2000 software in order to simulate
how the existing steam distribution system would respond to the planned future increases in
steam demand. Additional models were developed in order to evaluate the options for
improving the existing steam distribution system.
Since some proposed buildings are to be located in areas without existing steam piping, new
steam lines were added in the model to allow for distribution of steam to the newer buildings,
especially in the southwestern portion of the Campus. The exact route of the steam piping is
subject to change due to factors regarded by WCU, but is representative for this analysis.
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Future Steam Loads with Existing Lines Sizes
This model represents the present steam system with the inclusion of all future loads. The high
pressure system supports all low pressure loads associated with the lower Campus due to the
Campus’ decision to convert all low pressure loads to become high pressure loads. This and all
of the following future models, reflect all low pressure system main piping as abandoned. Low
pressure building piping ties into existing high pressure main piping by way of pressure reducing
stations. The steam plant will be demolished to provide space for Building ”J” and a new steam
plant will be located further north across from the main entrance with the addition of a 12-inch
high pressure line that connects to the existing 8” high pressure piping east of the new Building
“J”. The 12-inch high pressure line from the plant also connects to the “Upper Campus” via a
new 8” line that meets at the curve in the road above the new Building “J” (see Figure 4-3).
Figure 4-3
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The result is that major existing steam lines are undersized for the new proposed loads. Figure
4-4 illustrates this. Steam lines shown in red indicate pipe in which velocities exceed 200 feet
per second. Associated detailed output data and an enlarged drawing of the model will be
located in the Appendix.
Figure 4-4
The steam lines where these velocities are a major problem are shown in the following Figures.
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Figure 4-5
In Figure 4-5, the red lines indicate pipes whose velocities exceed the recommended maximum
velocity of 200 fps. After examining the layout of the steam piping system, pipe P-34 was
suspected to be a bottleneck in the system that was constricting flow to the lower parts of the
Campus. By increasing the size of that line (P-34), the velocity within the pipe should be
decreased below 200 fps, thereby allowing more flow to pipes that are downstream and also
lower the operating velocities of those downstream pipes. Table 4-6, which follows, lists the
recommended size for this pipe (P-34).
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Figure 4-6
In Figure 4-6, the red lines indicate pipes whose velocities exceed the recommended maximum
velocity of 200 fps. This is the main high pressure line that leaves the existing steam plant and
serves the majority of the Campus. The excessive velocity causes excessive pressure drops in
the line, thereby making less pressure available to the downstream piping. After evaluating the
computer model, it was determined that by increasing the size of the main steam line (pipes P98, P-18, P-24, P-21, P-26, and P-19), much of the high velocity issues could be alleviated.
Table 4-6, which follows, lists the recommended size for this main.
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Future Steam Loads with New Line Sizes
In order to avoid high operating velocities and resulting high pressure losses in steam lines,
existing pipe sizes would need to be increased and/or additional piping would be required.
Another model was developed in which existing pipe sizes were increased in order to reduce
the velocities in the piping to be below 200 fps. In order to achieve this, changes listed in Table
4-6 were made. In the previous model (Future Steam Loads with Existing Lines Sizes), some
new pipes added for distribution of steam to new buildings show up as red (high velocity) due to
high pressure losses in existing lines that are upstream. By making the changes listed in
Table 4-6, the velocities in these lines decreased to be below 200 fps, which is within desirable
limits.
Table 4-6 Modifications to Existing Steam Piping
Pipe
2006 Label(s)
Approximate Location
Current
Size
(inches)
New Size
(inches)
Approximate
Length
(feet)
P-98, P-18,
P-24, P-21,
P-26, P-19
Steam Plant to Manhole 104
8
10
750
P-34
Manhole 114 to Manhole 117
6
10
230
Future Steam Loads with New Line Sizes and Redundancy
No existing redundancy is provided to the southwestern area of the Campus. If Pipe P-34 failed,
then steam would be cut off from all steam consumers located downstream of this line. This
model provides a 10-inch line for redundancy, called Pipe P-73, which connects from the wye
upstream of Scott Residence Hall to the wye upstream of Reid Gym. This model operates under
the assumption that Pipe P-34 has failed and is unable to deliver steam. The entire load for this
region in this model is being handled by the new 10-inch line.
Table 4-7 Additional Steam Line for Redundancy
Pipe
2006 Label
P-73
Approximate Location
Between Manhole 117
Size
(inches)
10
Approximate
Length
(feet)
260
and Manhole 121
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Comm. No. 205204.00
STEAM AND WATER UTILITY MASTER PLAN
Table 4-8 lists the new piping that will be required to supply future buildings with steam. If
installed, the actual routing of steam lines may differ from the routing that was used to estimate
piping lengths in this report; however, for the purposes of this report, this estimation is seen as
valid.
Table 4-8 Proposed New Steam Lines
Approximate
Length
Pipe
2006 Label
Approximate Location
P-17
Southwest of Manhole 124
6
615
P-61
Connection to P-17 & P-92
5
290
P-91
Connection to P-61
5
75
P-92
Connection to P-61 & P-91
2-1/2
95
P-78
Connection to P-92 & P-88
2-1/2
115
P-88
Connection to P-92 & P-78
2-1/2
70
P-82
Bldg 62 to Bldg H
4
395
P-81
Bldg 62 to Bldg I
6
95
P-60, P-95, &
P-79
Steam Main Near Church to New
Steam Plant
12
915
P-62
South Side of Bldg J to connect with
P-60 & P-95
8
354
64
Size
(inches)
(feet)
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Western Carolina University
Comm. No. 205204.00
STEAM AND WATER UTILITY MASTER PLAN
4.3.4 Future Steam Plant Requirements
The age of the steam plant is such that much of the plant equipment is outdated and
replacement parts are not always readily available. Since the reliable capacity of the plant is
now roughly equivalent to the Campus steam demand, an outage of a boiler could mean that
the Campus steam load will not be satisfied. The chance of an extended outage or failure which
is not economically feasible to repair is highly probable for Boiler No. 1, which already has
issues with multiple tube failures. Expanding and updating the present steam plant to meet
Campus steam demands of the existing or future Campus is not practical due to the advanced
age and design of the building and equipment.
4.4
STEAM SYSTEM SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4.4.1 Recommendations
The condensate return lines should be repaired. This will reduce the amount of condensate that
is lost between the individual buildings and the central steam plant. Replacing the lost
condensate with treated make-up water is significantly increasing the cost to produce steam.
From records provided by WCU, it can be estimated that the current make-up water accounts
for 65 percent of the total steam output. A reasonable expectation would be that a system of
this type would require 25 percent make-up water. With a 40 percent reduction in make-up
water, the excess amount of condensate currently being lost from the system is approximately
6.85 million gallons per year. Based upon the cost of water, fuel and chemicals as provided by
WCU personnel, the annual cost of this additional make-up water is approximately $100,000.
The energy associated with this condensate loss equates to approximately 6.6 percent of the
total energy from the central steam plant. Reducing the make-up requirement to the central
steam plant will effectively reduce the load on the water treatment facilities and eliminate the
need for water bypass of the existing water softeners.
A cost analysis was undertaken to estimate the payback of repairing the condensate return
system to eliminate the current leaks. The cost to replace the affected condensate lines is
estimated and compared with the annual savings in make-up water, boiler fuel and chemicals,
and a simple payback was calculated. The cost analysis is discussed in Section 4.4.3 Opinion
of Probable Cost on page 70, and detailed calculations are contained in the Appendix
Section B.
Since the central steam plant is currently operating at or above the maximum reliable
capacity, additional capacity is required, or future steam demand must be maintained at
current levels. Some additional steam capacity will be gained when the condensate
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STEAM AND WATER UTILITY MASTER PLAN
return system is improved; however, this gain is not sufficient to allow future Campus
expansion and improvement.
Adding additional capacity to the existing steam plant is not recommended, as the age of the
existing boilers and ancillary equipment are nearing the end of their useful life. Replacement of
the existing steam generating capacity would be advisable. At the direction of WCU, a cost
analysis was undertaken to evaluate the economic feasibility of replacing the existing steam
plant with a new steam plant, as well as replacing the existing steam plant with individual
electric steam boilers per building. The complete analysis is contained in the Appendix
Section B.
Electric boilers would require a significant increase in the electric power service available to the
WCU Campus. Approximately 46 MW of additional service would be required to power boilers
in all of the buildings currently served by the central steam plant and future buildings that are
currently planned. The cost to WCU for this additional service has not been evaluated since this
was not in the scope of this study; however, it is typical for a large commercial power consumer
to incur a portion of the expenses in adding or upgrading electric infrastructure in order to use
this amount of power. It would be expected that a new service or the addition of a substation to
the existing service would be required to add this amount of electrical capacity to WCU. The
availability of space to add boilers and associated equipment was assumed and any necessary
building modifications were not included in the cost estimates.
Excluding the upgrade of the electrical service, the addition of electric boilers to each building is
not recommended. The cost analysis performed indicates that when compared with a traditional
gas-fired steam plant, individual electric boilers would cost more in annual energy, and likely
require more initial capital expense to install, as shown in Table 4-9.
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Table 4-9 Estimated Costs of Heating Plant Options
Type of Heating Plant(s)
Initial Installation
Cost
Annual Operating Cost
Electric Boilers
$11,529,740 6
$2,229,362
Natural gas-fired Central Plant
Distribution system to new buildings
Total Central Plant Option
$12,134,000
$2,519,000
$14,653,000
$1,646,476
The estimated cost for the new steam plant is based on a single-story 5,400 square foot
building. The building will be constructed of structural steel with a brick exterior, CMU interior
partition walls and a built-up roof. The building will include a maintenance/parts storage area,
office, and toilet/locker facilities.
Three packaged, D-type natural gas/number two fuel oil fired watertube boilers are included.
Each boiler will be designed for 250 psig and will produce saturated steam at approximately 120
psig. The boilers will have a combination low excess air/low NOx burner with a variable speed
forced draft fan. One feedwater pump will be turbine driven as requested by WCU. The boiler
furnace will have a positive pressure with flue gas leaving the boiler and first passing through a
stack economizer and then exiting through a stub stack. The stack economizer will utilize heat
in the flue gas to preheat feedwater prior to entering the boiler. A boiler blowdown heat
exchanger will be utilized to maximize fuel efficiency. Each boiler will have a steam generating
capacity of 70,000 pph of steam for a total plant capacity of 210,000 pph. This size selection
will enable two boilers to meet the peak steam demands for the future Campus and allow one
unit to be out of service for repair or maintenance.
Fuel oil storage tanks (3 at 30,000 gallons) will provide capacity for full load operation of 5 days.
An emergency generator will provide adequate power to allow full load operation of the
complete boiler plant during a power outage.
6
Does not include cost of an additional electrical substation or power company feeders, or building renovations to
accommodate boiler equipment if required.
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Another advantage of the central steam plant option which should be of significant importance
to Western Carolina is the redundancy provided by standby boiler capacity in the steam plant.
This will allow the heating load to be picked up with no disruption to the Campus during most
failure scenarios. No such redundant boilers were assumed nor included in the cost estimates
for the electric boilers in individual buildings.
With electric, gas, and oil prices currently changing, various gas and electric rates were used to
determine at what point electric boilers would become a no-cost option to WCU. The electric
boilers per building would be a break-even life cycle cost if electric rates fall to $0.033/kWh with
gas remaining at $.007/CF, or if gas rates increase to $.0097/CF with electric rates remaining at
$.047/kWh. Typically, however, increases in electric rates correspond to an increase in fuel
rates. The EIA forecasts for electricity and gas indicate that through the year 2030, gas pricing
for large commercial power consumers will increase only 0.1 percent from the base price in
2004. The EIA also predicts that electricity will decrease in price by 0.1 percent in the large
commercial segment, over the same term. See Appendix Section B for full report. While these
percentage changes are certainly open for interpretation, the trend is that gas and electricity
prices will remain relatively competitive, with respect to one another. There is not a large
increase predicted for one utility versus the other. Using this logic, it is reasonable to assume
that the electric rate changes and gas rate changes for WCU will remain proportional to one
another.
Therefore, it is recommended that the existing steam plant be replaced with a new steam
generating plant consisting of new combination gas/oil boilers. These boilers will be housed in a
new facility, and would tie-in to the existing steam distribution system. New ancillary equipment
and storage tanks will also be replaced with new equipment at the new steam plant facility.
4.4.2 Proposed Implementation Schedule
Based on the economic analysis performed, the repair work required for the existing
condensate return lines should be undertaken immediately. Otherwise, the cost of not
performing the repair work is estimated at approximately $100,000 annually.
The existing steam plant should be utilized as required until a new steam plant can be
constructed. It is recommended that the University begin the process of obtaining funding and
initiating the construction of the new steam plant immediately to minimize the risk of not being
able to provide adequate heating of Campus buildings caused by possible outages of existing
steam plant equipment. Adequate reserve capacity does not exist at the present steam plant.
The new steam plant will be constructed and the new boilers installed in phases to allow a
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changeover period of 2 years as new boilers are brought on-line, and existing boilers are taken
out of service. The existing steam boilers will be removed when the new steam plant is capable
of meeting the full peak demand of the WCU distribution loop.
Table 4-10 Summary of Implementation Time Frame
No.
Recommendations
Time Frame
1
2
3
Repair sections of existing steam and condensate lines
Construct new steam plant
Install additional line to SW Campus for redundancy
Distribution - install new steam lines during building
construction projects
Near-term
Near-term
Near-term
4
69
Long-term
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Western Carolina University
Comm. No. 205204.00
STEAM AND WATER UTILITY MASTER PLAN
4.4.3 Opinion of Probable Cost
As shown in Appendix B, repair of the leaking sections of the condensate return system and the
steam lines in the same areas is estimated to cost approximately $1,758,000. These repairs
are estimated to save 6.8 million gallons of water per year, equating to just under $100,000 per
year in operating costs which includes the cost of water, fuel and chemicals. The total
estimated costs for near-term and long-term recommendations are $16,306,000 and
$2,519,000, respectively.
Table 4-11 Summary of Opinion of Probable Costs
No.
Near-Term Recommendations
Cost
1
Upsize sections of existing steam lines
$1,981,000
2
Replace leaking sections of existing condensate and
associated steam lines
$1,758,000
3
Construct new steam plant and connect to distribution system
4
Install additional line to SW Campus for redundancy
Near-Term Sub-total
No.
5
$12,134,000
$433,000
$16,306,000
Long-Term Recommendations
Cost
Distribution - Install new steam and condensate lines during
building construction projects
Long-Term Sub-Total
$2,519,000
$2,519,000
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Comm. No. 205204.00
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5
APPENDIX
A. WATER SYSTEM
B. STEAM SYSTEM
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Western Carolina University - Water Treatment Plant Summary
Average
Average WTP
Total Water Days WTP Average
Hours
Operational
Flow When In
Year
Month
Production
In
Day
WTP In
Hours Per Day
Operation
(MGD)
Operation (MGD) Operation
Operated
(MGD)
2003 January
10.685
26
0.411
268
10.3
0.96
February
10.122
24
0.422
266
11.1
0.91
March
9.929
26
0.382
261
10.0
0.91
April
10.579
26
0.407
278
10.7
0.91
May
7.198
23
0.313
201
8.7
0.86
June
7.462
19
0.393
199
10.5
0.90
July
7.89
18
0.438
219
12.2
0.86
August
10.544
25
0.422
266
10.6
0.95
September
12.867
30
0.429
323
10.8
0.96
October
13.002
28
0.464
321
11.5
0.97
November
11.271
25
0.451
278
11.1
0.97
December
7.581
23
0.330
202
8.8
0.90
03 Totals
119.130
293
3082
03 Average
9.928
24.417
0.405
256.833
10.523
0.923
2004 January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
04 Totals
04 Average
9.193
9.484
10.241
10.187
7.668
7.725
8.342
11.767
13.379
13.145
12.299
9.898
123.328
10.277
26
24
25
24
25
26
27
25
29
31
27
26
315
26.250
0.354
0.395
0.410
0.424
0.307
0.297
0.309
0.471
0.461
0.424
0.456
0.381
2005 January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
05 Totals
05 Average
11.914
11.114
11.395
12.052
8.054
7.608
8.254
11.165
13.569
12.307
11.096
8.414
126.942
10.579
28
27
27
26
26
23
24
28
30
31
28
25
323
26.917
0.426
0.412
0.422
0.464
0.310
0.331
0.344
0.399
0.452
0.397
0.396
0.337
3-Year Average
10.261
In-Session 3-year
Average
11.420
0.391
233
240
268
282
222
213
234
330
375
355
323
264
3339
278.250
Max Day
Min Day
Hours WTP
Hours WTP
Flow per
Flow per
In Operation
In Operation
Month
Month
on Max Day
on Min Day
(MGD)
(MGD)
0.640
15.75
0.202
4.75
0.613
15.75
0.124
3.50
0.653
17.00
0.094
2.25
0.611
15.75
0.136
3.50
0.467
15.25
0.111
3.00
0.601
15.50
0.205
5.75
0.665
16.00
0.177
4.25
0.668
16.75
0.155
4.00
0.626
15.51
0.242
6.00
0.658
15.75
0.243
6.25
0.658
15.75
0.270
6.50
0.595
14.60
0.123
3.50
0.621
15.780
0.174
4.438
9.0
10.0
10.7
11.8
8.9
8.2
8.7
13.2
12.9
11.5
12.0
10.2
0.95
0.95
0.92
0.87
0.83
0.87
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.89
0.91
0.90
0.590
0.656
0.661
0.639
0.552
0.419
0.450
0.864
0.582
0.603
0.633
0.598
15.75
15.75
16.00
17.75
16.00
12.00
13.00
20.00
16.00
16.00
17.00
16.00
0.139
0.167
0.146
0.252
0.135
0.250
0.144
0.270
0.249
0.151
0.204
0.151
4.50
4.00
4.00
7.00
4.00
6.00
4.00
8.00
7.00
4.00
3.00
4.00
10.572
0.887
0.604
15.938
0.188
4.958
12.9
11.1
12.9
13.1
8.7
9.6
10.9
12.0
12.0
10.7
10.8
9.2
0.79
0.89
0.79
0.85
0.85
0.83
0.76
0.80
0.90
0.89
0.88
0.87
0.595
0.564
0.597
0.664
0.568
0.563
0.565
0.678
0.718
0.603
0.579
0.672
17.00
15.25
18.50
18.75
16.00
15.75
15.75
18.00
19.00
16.00
15.75
18.25
0.195
0.153
0.144
0.258
0.090
0.171
0.167
0.202
0.227
0.194
0.183
0.194
7.00
4.50
4.00
7.25
2.50
4.75
6.00
6.75
6.00
5.25
5.00
5.25
0.391
361
299.3
347.3
341.8
226.5
220.3
261.3
336.3
360.3
332
302.5
231
3619.6
301.633
11.162
0.842
0.614
17.000
0.182
5.354
25.861
0.395
278.906
10.752
0.884
0.613
16.239
0.181
4.917
27.048
0.422
305.486
11.274
0.901
0.626
16.465
0.189
5.012
Western Carolina University - Water Meter Data for Academic and Auxiliary Structures
Bird
Building
6,940
5,500
7,710
10,700
7,100
8,140
3,760
5,250
5,530
8,500
5,260
Book &
Supply
8,800
1,800
1,800
1,000
3,800
3,700
1,400
1,900
2,300
1,500
1,900
1,500
3,900
2,000
1,500
1,800
2,300
4,000
2,200
2,400
3,400
3,400
3,800
9,400
6,900
4,500
5,100
6,900
6,500
7,900
6,000
5,300
3,493
6,763
11
115
39,759
399
734
1,307
0.51
Dodson
Cafeteria
287,600
225,300
256,400
321,000
385,700
348,000
431,400
650,200
767,300
675,000
682,300
719,300
451,000
590,700
571,900
393,800
405,300
341,800
Average Monthly
(gallons)
667,462
243,991
212,947
15,814
40,394
338
Average Daily
(gallons)
21,942
8,021
7,000
520
1,328
School In-session
Average Monthly
(gallons)
1,105,120
258,679
274,764
22,324
School In-session
Average Daily
(gallons)
36,329
8,504
9,032
Modeled Average
Daily Demand (gpm)
25.23
5.91
6.27
Square Foot
13,192
30,239
40,656
Steam Plant
Jan-06
Dec-05
Nov-05
Oct-05
Sep-05
Aug-05
Jul-05
Jun-05
May-05
Apr-05
Mar-05
Feb-05
Jan-05
Dec-04
Nov-04
Oct-04
Sep-04
Aug-04
Jul-04
Jun-04
May-04
Apr-04
Mar-04
Feb-04
Jan-04
Dec-03
Nov-03
Oct-03
Sep-03
Aug-03
Jul-03
Jun-03
1,307,200
1,589,800
1,182,800
997,200
448,600
598,700
471,800
392,600
34,040
189,600
159,000
325,400
278,100
82,000
242,000
199,700
169,900
275,800
308,200
348,100
160,100
4,900
6,100
Dodson
Food Mart
15,780
7,280
17,080
20,100
31,340
9,850
720
600
4,900
37,600
31,020
30,930
18,130
14,020
24,780
33,510
25,580
6,120
NCCAT Old Student
Main Core
Union
55,700
450
32,700
330
38,300
990
44,900
460
34,600
290
35,800
200
46,300
150
96,900
260
34,600
170
37,900
210
46,200
210
44,400
150
26,200
200
30,200
150
36,000
350
44,200
160
30,600
300
36,600
380
39,100
240
38,400
100
26,900
460
37,300
240
45,800
230
40,800
260
36,600
390
27,200
290
33,400
300
67,500
1,120
31,200
920
30,900
310
41,500
280
43,900
260
Brown
Cafeteria
109,600
92,500
194,500
166,300
239,800
208,700
321,900
335,400
84,300
231,300
196,500
189,300
154,800
129,200
188,900
186,400
183,700
266,900
355,000
404,100
254,000
283,800
357,300
172,200
167,100
323,400
322,600
371,500
366,400
279,500
288,800
382,000
Date
8,530
17,310
20,970
16,880
7,670
4,300
12,430
13,240
20,930
6,100
900
Total General Facilities Average Monthly (gallons) 2,042,884
Total General Facilities Average Daily (gallons)
67,156
Graham
(old part)
Hinds
Center
139,710
162,260
177,350
361,890
358,430
385,990
335,020
758,840
646,200
518,440
382,470
303,580
334,920
358,910
739,370
826,750
915,300
932,550
826,580
828,390
696,890
472,170
410,460
281,340
279,030
299,080
606,120
292,940
341,560
339,300
392,310
282,050
Camp Outreach
Center
38,600
28,600
71,500
23,000
60,000
49,400
50,600
64,400
56,500
3,769
468,319
48,535
21,392
309,668
222
124
15,395
1,596
703
10,180
2,457
7,854
3,706
505,829
52,556
10,700
281,622
13
81
258
122
16,628
1,728
352
9,258
0.91
0.01
0.06
0.18
0.08
11.55
1.20
0.24
6.43
45,511
6,604
9,378
14,655
23,520
78,348
55,618
10,430
800
800
400
9,800
400
500
1,000
200
500
6,600
7,600
7,000
5,700
7,600
Hinds
University
439,100
368,000
345,000
245,600
202,100
206,200
204,700
442,800
502,300
573,500
569,000
500,100
481,100
405,000
310,400
271,100
187,800
179,800
191,100
375,800
44,300
Hinds
University
139,710
162,260
177,350
361,890
358,430
385,990
335,020
319,740
278,200
173,440
136,870
101,480
128,720
154,210
296,570
324,450
341,800
363,550
326,480
347,290
291,890
161,770
139,360
93,540
99,230
107,980
230,320
292,940
341,560
339,300
392,310
282,050
34,048
Total General Facilities In-Session Average Monthly (gallons) 2,565,769
96,500
49,900
42,700
33,000
44,300
51,500
55,100
43,500
39,500
51,600
36,200
46,000
57,800
84,100
17,100
25,500
45,400
38,300
57,700
48,600
37,700
60,000
Jordan
Phillips
7,200
5,200
11,100
17,600
95,800
69,600
28,200
6,100
6,400
9,300
11,500
7,900
10,300
10,700
5,900
14,400
14,200
25,900
13,000
5,400
3,700
8,200
8,700
12,300
7,700
139,900
Liston
Ramsey
185,170
260,070
200,270
276,580
379,950
471,570
282,260
276,720
258,350
272,050
311,430
198,340
196,120
212,820
251,450
295,090
271,580
327,340
255,160
249,940
215,760
121,450
184,850
170,990
104,810
95,040
190,050
320,420
348,730
343,220
297,110
369,700
Liston
Ramsey
21,000
17,000
23,000
36,000
33,000
52,000
11,000
27,000
23,000
30,000
24,000
19,000
13,000
18,000
24,000
38,000
27,000
28,000
12,000
17,000
23,000
15,000
27,000
24,000
14,000
12,000
77,000
35,000
39,000
44,000
882,000
30,000
Liston Act Ctr
206,170
277,070
223,270
312,580
412,950
523,570
293,260
303,720
281,350
302,050
335,430
217,340
209,120
230,820
275,450
333,090
298,580
355,340
267,160
266,940
238,760
136,450
211,850
194,990
118,810
107,040
267,050
355,420
387,730
387,220
1,179,110
399,700
Legend
Total General Facilities In-Session Average Daily (gallons)
84,345
In-Session Months
Total General Facilities Modeled Average Daily Demand (gpm)
58.57
Data value not included in In-Session calcs
Western Carolina University - Water Meter Data for Housing Structures
AlbrightBenton
226,800
168,800
262,100
279,300
287,000
183,600
152,000
132,100
111,000
305,100
269,600
296,900
265,900
216,100
335,300
331,400
340,800
402,800
306,800
190,800
99,300
341,000
327,900
379,100
281,600
176,400
657,900
408,500
437,000
206,600
135,800
37,300
Harrill High
Rise Dorm
331,000
245,000
384,000
437,000
622,000
223,000
55,000
54,000
121,000
421,000
330,000
366,000
337,000
276,000
475,000
426,000
442,000
286,000
96,000
215,000
402,000
410,000
434,000
322,000
205,000
415,000
451,000
510,000
276,000
87,000
64,000
Robertson
Hall Eff.
92,400
77,100
80,900
98,200
118,000
120,700
268,300
95,000
108,400
65,200
102,300
516,400
52,100
49,300
54,200
53,100
45,200
155,000
36,700
42,000
56,500
113,000
111,000
119,000
136,000
55,000
141,000
122,000
155,400
91,100
151,000
143,500
Reynolds
Total
240,900
177,000
282,300
322,100
305,055
242,300
244,400
281,600
309,900
274,800
321,000
268,200
288,400
296,500
319,300
268,500
244,800
213,400
75,100
169,900
151,600
317,000
300,700
427,400
129,400
144,700
299,200
329,700
386,400
173,800
90,200
123,900
Madison
Hall
41,500
31,700
47,800
54,900
58,400
45,900
26,100
26,300
26,600
41,500
48,000
46,000
43,700
35,200
50,300
60,600
58,500
81,000
21,900
30,400
18,300
60,000
52,500
59,500
38,600
29,800
54,400
66,000
129,000
31,200
16,200
40,800
Average Monthly
(gallons)
267,269
313,484
113,281
250,608
46,019
349,320
Average Daily
(gallons)
8,786
School In-session
Average Monthly
(gallons)
10,305
3,724
8,238
1,513
341,553
422,588
122,529
299,074
School In-session
Average Daily
(gallons)
11,228
13,892
4,028
Modeled Average
Daily Demand (gpm)
7.80
9.65
Square Foot
92,730
71,072
Date
Jan-06
Dec-05
Nov-05
Oct-05
Sep-05
Aug-05
Jul-05
Jun-05
May-05
Apr-05
Mar-05
Feb-05
Jan-05
Dec-04
Nov-04
Oct-04
Sep-04
Aug-04
Jul-04
Jun-04
May-04
Apr-04
Mar-04
Feb-04
Jan-04
Dec-03
Nov-03
Oct-03
Sep-03
Aug-03
Jul-03
Jun-03
Reynolds
Dorm
134,000
105,700
165,900
192,000
188,300
242,300
244,400
213,300
309,900
274,800
321,000
268,200
288,400
296,500
319,300
268,500
244,800
213,400
75,100
105,500
102,700
163,000
166,800
180,100
129,400
82,000
163,600
175,300
198,600
88,800
49,800
52,800
Reynolds
Dorm
106,900
71,300
116,400
130,100
116,755
Walker High Scott High
Rise Hall Rise Dorm
681,800
608,300
802,100
990,600
1,011,400
702,000
307,500
90,000
156,800
192,000
433,100
472,000
975,700
395,000
822,900
454,000
957,600
491,000
867,700
541,000
844,500
619,000
1,223,400
533,000
1,147,200
510,000
1,169,300
226,000
590,800
96,000
200,100
48,000
237,800
137,000
534,100
443,000
1,089,700
452,000
1,390,500
495,000
1,264,100
377,000
874,900
227,000
663,500
479,000
1,266,100
607,000
1,325,500
549,000
1,438,500
246,000
688,300
36,000
257,300
18,000
184,700
Central
Drive Dorm
327,900
218,000
318,200
389,600
408,800
222,600
144,300
177,800
134,900
380,300
298,800
248,200
309,300
207,800
349,100
331,400
312,100
384,400
Greek
Village
934,000
738,000
554,000
700,000
780,000
821,000
576,000
620,000
773,000
1,015,000
1,158,000
1,011,000
1,090,000
1,174,000
1,037,000
843,000
929,000
798,000
Norton Road
Residence
189,900
135,000
176,400
218,600
149,569
286,861
863,944
179,975
14,620
4,917
9,430
28,401
5,916
506,953
547,782
209,079
334,580
911,700
197,500
586
16,665
18,007
6,873
10,999
29,970
6,492
0.36
0.41
11.57
12.51
4.77
7.64
20.81
4.51
10,441
10,441
80,144
80,144
40,457
100,852
NCCAT Res
Hall 1
17,800
14,200
18,500
16,900
12,800
12,900
17,100
18,900
10,500
19,500
18,600
21,300
17,100
13,600
17,800
20,400
13,200
10,500
15,900
18,800
10,000
15,000
14,200
NCCAT Res
Hall 2
21,500
11,500
14,900
21,800
14,700
17,200
16,700
20,900
13,500
17,200
25,400
23,500
17,000
14,000
16,300
19,100
18,900
14,400
19,400
20,500
6,700
17,200
27,500
4,500
3,200
32,400
67,500
6,700
19,000
20,800
4,800
803,369
11,483
57,041
9,831
2.80
31,360
Total Residential Average Monthly (gallons) 4,473,595
Total Residential Average Daily (gallons)
147,061
68,300
64,400
48,900
154,000
133,900
247,300
62,700
135,600
154,400
187,800
85,000
40,400
71,100
Leatherwood
Dorm
416,600
346,500
443,600
529,700
532,700
257,200
107,500
144,900
181,600
504,300
491,400
596,400
334,500
366,900
508,400
489,400
606,800
362,400
237,100
149,700
187,900
513,700
559,000
591,900
642,800
574,600
674,300
678,400
615,000
483,800
462,000
641,100
Buchanan
Dorm
177,400
134,100
202,400
226,500
233,300
88,800
34,900
28,600
53,500
196,400
166,800
150,200
189,900
140,267
7,400
7,100
62,000
15,800
21,300
Helder
Dorm
388,100
289,700
390,500
506,300
569,900
345,400
70,100
69,900
161,000
498,100
402,800
435,000
424,000
315,300
514,500
527,300
526,600
235,000
77,400
54,800
164,000
532,800
518,900
562,000
155,600
502,400
501,800
601,600
950,500
302,800
126,400
107,000
17,320
18,214
369,609
444,753
26,409
569
599
12,150
491,143
1,095,129
15,891
17,817
1,875
16,145
36,000
522
6.83
1.30
11.21
25.00
55,248
24,448
71,160
141,790
Total Residential In-Session Average Monthly (gallons) 5,570,360
1,600
71,700
229,400
172,800
192,400
210,300
201,400
209,900
268,700
278,100
142,200
14,300
22,500
Legend
Total Residential In-Session Average Daily (gallons)
183,115
In-Session Months
Total Residential Modeled Average Daily Demand (gpm)
127.16
Data value not included in In-Session calcs
71,068
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Junction Report
Label
ADMIN
ALBRIGHT
BASEBALL
BASEBALL TOILETS
BELK ART
BENTON
BIRD ALUMNI
BIRD HEALTH
BOOKSTORE
BREESE GYM
BROWN CAFETERIA
BUCHANAN
C.A.T.
CENTRAL DRIVE RES HALL
CHANCELLORS HOUSE
COULTER
DODSON CAFETERIA
DUGOUT 2
FACILITY APT. 6
FACULTY APT. 1
FACULTY APT. 2/3
FACULTY APT. 4
FACULTY APT. 5
FOOTBALL
FORSYTH
GARAGE
GRAHAM BUILDING
GREENHOUSE 1
GREENHOUSE 2
HARRILL 1
HARRILL 2
HELDER
HINDS 1
HINDS 2
HOEY 1
HOEY 2
HYDRANT 1
HYDRANT 2
HYDRANT 3
HYDRANT 4
HYDRANT 6
HYDRANT 7
HYDRANT 9
HYDRANT 10
HYDRANT 12
HYDRANT 13
HYDRANT 14
HYDRANT 15
HYDRANT 16
HYDRANT 17
HYDRANT 18
HYDRANT 20
HYDRANT 21
HYDRANT 22
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Elevation
(ft)
Type
2,110.00
2,174.00
2,100.00
2,102.00
2,120.00
2,174.00
2,226.00
2,182.00
2,146.00
2,180.00
2,190.00
2,250.00
2,102.00
2,250.00
2,324.00
2,150.00
2,136.00
2,100.00
2,260.00
2,268.00
2,268.00
2,264.00
2,262.00
2,120.00
2,150.00
2,186.00
2,212.00
2,112.00
2,112.00
2,190.00
2,190.00
2,126.00
2,140.00
2,140.00
2,154.00
2,154.00
2,210.00
2,222.00
2,227.00
2,294.00
2,290.00
2,275.00
2,226.00
2,208.00
2,226.00
2,198.00
2,183.00
2,160.00
2,152.00
2,158.00
2,176.00
2,154.00
2,154.00
2,136.00
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Base Flow
Calculated Pressure Pressure
(gpm) Hydraulic Grade (psi)
Head
(ft)
(ft)
0.320
4.715
0.000
0.000
0.480
4.715
0.110
0.220
0.100
3.400
7.150
5.780
0.120
9.240
0.340
0.330
8.210
0.000
0.261
0.261
0.458
0.261
0.261
1.300
0.280
0.230
0.070
4.410
1.470
5.835
5.835
14.000
6.985
6.985
0.040
0.040
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Haestad Methods Solution Center
2,443.86
2,444.49
2,444.85
2,444.85
2,443.41
2,444.49
2,444.57
2,444.32
2,443.73
2,444.45
2,444.47
2,444.56
2,444.87
2,444.45
2,444.54
2,443.99
2,443.66
2,444.85
2,444.51
2,444.50
2,444.50
2,444.51
2,444.51
2,444.86
2,444.13
2,444.52
2,444.46
2,444.83
2,444.83
2,444.47
2,444.46
2,443.88
2,443.95
2,443.98
2,444.01
2,444.33
2,444.54
2,444.55
2,444.55
2,444.55
2,444.51
2,444.56
2,444.51
2,444.46
2,444.47
2,444.48
2,444.49
2,444.33
2,444.36
2,444.36
2,444.36
2,443.98
2,444.01
2,443.62
144.45
117.03
149.20
148.33
139.92
117.03
94.57
113.49
128.81
114.41
110.10
84.18
148.34
84.13
52.15
127.20
133.11
149.20
79.83
76.36
76.36
78.10
78.96
140.55
127.26
111.85
100.57
144.00
144.00
110.10
110.09
137.53
131.50
131.52
125.47
125.61
101.47
96.29
94.12
65.14
66.85
73.36
94.54
102.30
94.52
106.64
113.13
123.02
126.49
123.89
116.11
125.46
125.47
133.09
333.86
270.49
344.85
342.85
323.41
270.49
218.57
262.32
297.73
264.45
254.47
194.56
342.87
194.45
120.54
293.99
307.66
344.85
184.51
176.50
176.50
180.51
182.51
324.86
294.13
258.52
232.46
332.83
332.83
254.47
254.46
317.88
303.95
303.98
290.01
290.33
234.54
222.55
217.55
150.55
154.51
169.56
218.51
236.46
218.47
246.48
261.49
284.33
292.36
286.36
268.36
289.98
290.01
307.62
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 1 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Junction Report
Label
HYDRANT 23
HYDRANT 24
HYDRANT 25
HYDRANT 26
HYDRANT 27
HYDRANT 28
HYDRANT 29
HYDRANT 30
HYDRANT 31
HYDRANT 32
HYDRANT C
IRRIGATION BASEBALL
IRRIGATION SOCCER
J-1
J-3
J-4
J-5
J-9
J-10
J-12
J-14
J-16
J-18
J-19
J-24
J-27
J-29
J-30
J-31
J-32
J-33
J-37
J-41
J-42
J-44
J-48
J-51
J-52
J-56
J-59
J-60
J-61
J-63
J-64
J-66
J-67
J-68
J-69
J-70
J-71
J-72
J-73
J-74
J-75
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Elevation
(ft)
Type
2,124.00
2,130.00
2,120.00
2,106.00
2,098.00
2,098.00
2,094.00
2,099.00
2,104.00
2,143.00
2,112.00
2,110.00
2,088.00
2,290.00
2,294.00
2,322.00
2,322.00
2,292.00
2,274.00
2,200.00
2,174.00
2,418.00
2,290.00
2,290.00
2,230.00
2,206.00
2,198.00
2,194.00
2,158.00
2,186.00
2,186.00
2,188.00
2,152.00
2,156.00
2,160.00
2,150.00
2,168.00
2,170.00
2,170.00
2,166.00
2,180.00
2,176.00
2,158.00
2,152.00
2,152.00
2,148.00
2,144.00
2,136.00
2,128.00
2,128.00
2,122.00
2,120.00
2,120.00
2,120.00
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Base Flow
Calculated Pressure Pressure
(gpm) Hydraulic Grade (psi)
Head
(ft)
(ft)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
21.010
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Haestad Methods Solution Center
2,443.41
2,443.91
2,443.86
2,443.75
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,444.85
2,444.85
2,443.50
2,444.85
2,438.58
2,444.55
2,444.55
2,444.55
2,444.55
2,444.55
2,444.56
2,444.58
2,444.67
2,444.88
2,444.51
2,444.51
2,444.51
2,444.54
2,444.53
2,444.53
2,444.52
2,444.52
2,444.52
2,444.44
2,444.36
2,444.36
2,444.36
2,444.36
2,444.34
2,444.33
2,444.32
2,444.30
2,444.47
2,444.49
2,444.25
2,444.14
2,444.07
2,444.02
2,444.00
2,443.95
2,443.91
2,443.88
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
138.19
135.81
140.12
146.13
149.64
149.64
151.37
149.21
147.47
130.60
143.42
144.87
151.68
66.87
65.14
53.02
53.02
66.00
73.79
105.82
117.11
11.63
66.85
66.85
92.81
103.21
106.66
108.39
123.97
111.85
111.85
110.95
126.49
124.76
123.03
127.35
119.56
118.69
118.68
120.41
114.42
116.16
123.85
126.39
126.37
128.07
129.80
133.24
136.68
136.67
139.26
140.12
140.12
140.12
319.41
313.91
323.86
337.75
345.86
345.86
349.86
344.86
340.85
301.85
331.50
334.85
350.58
154.55
150.55
122.55
122.55
152.55
170.56
244.58
270.67
26.88
154.51
154.51
214.51
238.54
246.53
250.53
286.52
258.52
258.52
256.44
292.36
288.36
284.36
294.36
276.34
274.33
274.32
278.30
264.47
268.49
286.25
292.14
292.07
296.02
300.00
307.95
315.91
315.88
321.86
323.86
323.86
323.86
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 2 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Junction Report
Label
J-77
J-78
J-79
J-84
J-86
J-88
J-91
J-93
J-103
J-104
J-105
J-106
J-107
J-108
J-112
J-113
J-120
J-127
J-128
J-131
J-134
J-136
J-137
J-138
J-141
J-144
J-146
J-151
J-154
J-155
J-158
J-159
J-160
J-166
J-167
J-168
J-176
J-181
J-183
J-187
J-190
J-191
J-195
J-203
J-205
J-206
J-207
J-208
J-209
J-210
J-247
J-249
J-250
J-251
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Elevation
(ft)
Type
2,110.00
2,106.00
2,106.00
2,142.00
2,150.00
2,150.00
2,154.00
2,155.00
2,156.00
2,106.00
2,110.00
2,105.00
2,092.00
2,092.00
2,156.00
2,146.00
2,098.00
2,110.00
2,114.00
2,140.00
2,148.00
2,142.00
2,138.00
2,112.00
2,108.00
2,100.00
2,100.00
2,099.00
2,096.00
2,096.00
2,096.00
2,096.00
2,096.00
2,096.00
2,098.00
2,100.00
2,104.00
2,112.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,080.00
2,134.00
2,142.00
2,132.00
2,142.00
2,138.00
2,138.00
2,138.00
2,132.00
2,136.00
2,134.00
2,130.00
2,140.00
2,152.00
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Base Flow
Calculated Pressure Pressure
(gpm) Hydraulic Grade (psi)
Head
(ft)
(ft)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Haestad Methods Solution Center
2,443.76
2,443.75
2,443.75
2,443.99
2,443.98
2,443.98
2,443.98
2,443.98
2,444.87
2,444.87
2,444.87
2,444.87
2,444.87
2,444.87
2,444.86
2,444.86
2,443.86
2,444.86
2,444.86
2,444.85
2,444.85
2,444.85
2,444.84
2,444.83
2,444.85
2,444.85
2,444.85
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.86
2,443.82
2,443.76
2,443.70
2,443.70
2,443.70
2,443.77
2,443.73
2,443.71
2,443.70
2,443.64
2,443.61
2,443.56
2,443.65
2,443.90
2,444.01
2,444.01
144.40
146.13
146.13
130.66
127.19
127.19
125.46
125.03
124.98
146.61
144.88
147.04
152.67
152.67
124.98
129.30
149.64
144.88
143.15
131.90
128.43
131.03
132.76
144.00
145.74
149.20
149.20
149.21
150.50
150.50
150.50
150.50
150.50
150.50
149.64
148.77
147.04
143.58
144.43
144.40
157.36
133.99
130.53
134.89
130.54
132.27
132.26
132.24
134.82
133.07
133.97
135.81
131.53
126.34
333.76
337.75
337.75
301.99
293.98
293.98
289.98
288.98
288.87
338.87
334.87
339.87
352.87
352.87
288.86
298.86
345.86
334.86
330.86
304.85
296.85
302.85
306.84
332.83
336.85
344.85
344.85
344.86
347.86
347.86
347.86
347.86
347.86
347.86
345.86
343.86
339.86
331.86
333.82
333.76
363.70
309.70
301.70
311.77
301.73
305.71
305.70
305.64
311.61
307.56
309.65
313.90
304.01
292.01
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 3 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Junction Report
Label
J-254
J-256
J-257
J-258
J-259
J-261
J-264
J-266
J-267
J-270
J-272
J-273
J-274
J-275
J-276
J-277
J-278
J-280
J-281
J-282
J-283
J-284
J-285
J-286
J-287
J-288
J-289
J-291
J-292
J-293
J-294
J-295
J-296
J-297
J-298
J-299
J-300
J-301
J-302
J-303
J-304
J-305
J-309
J-310
J-311
J-312
J-313
J-317
J-323
J-G-211
J-G-212
J-G-213
J-G-214
J-G-217
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Elevation
(ft)
Type
2,154.00
2,188.00
2,184.00
2,182.00
2,180.00
2,178.00
2,200.00
2,192.00
2,192.00
2,210.00
2,210.00
2,212.00
2,226.00
2,222.00
2,228.00
2,136.00
2,232.00
2,202.00
2,208.00
2,210.00
2,240.00
2,244.00
2,275.00
2,244.00
2,242.00
2,244.00
2,154.00
2,220.00
2,138.00
2,226.00
2,152.00
2,245.00
2,105.00
2,112.00
2,276.00
2,270.00
2,268.00
2,112.00
2,268.00
2,264.00
2,110.00
2,138.00
2,080.00
2,210.00
2,090.00
2,090.00
2,120.00
2,214.00
2,083.00
2,115.00
2,094.00
2,086.00
2,080.00
2,078.00
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Base Flow
Calculated Pressure Pressure
(gpm) Hydraulic Grade (psi)
Head
(ft)
(ft)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Haestad Methods Solution Center
2,444.01
2,444.51
2,444.50
2,444.49
2,444.49
2,444.49
2,444.48
2,444.47
2,444.47
2,444.47
2,444.54
2,444.58
2,444.58
2,444.57
2,444.57
2,443.62
2,444.57
2,444.47
2,444.46
2,444.48
2,444.47
2,444.46
2,444.56
2,444.46
2,444.45
2,444.45
2,443.98
2,444.46
2,443.64
2,444.45
2,444.07
2,444.51
2,444.87
2,443.86
2,444.51
2,444.51
2,444.50
2,443.86
2,444.51
2,444.51
2,444.87
2,443.71
2,443.70
2,444.55
2,443.70
2,443.70
2,444.85
2,444.46
2,443.70
2,443.50
2,443.49
2,443.47
2,443.45
2,443.44
125.47
110.98
112.71
113.57
114.43
115.30
105.77
109.23
109.23
101.44
101.47
100.62
94.57
96.30
93.70
133.09
91.97
104.91
102.30
101.45
88.46
86.73
73.36
86.73
87.59
86.73
125.46
97.11
132.24
94.51
126.37
86.32
147.04
143.58
72.90
75.50
76.36
143.58
76.37
78.10
144.88
132.27
157.36
101.48
153.03
153.03
140.55
99.71
156.06
142.13
151.21
154.66
157.25
158.11
290.01
256.51
260.50
262.49
264.49
266.49
244.48
252.47
252.47
234.47
234.54
232.58
218.58
222.57
216.57
307.62
212.57
242.47
236.46
234.48
204.47
200.46
169.56
200.46
202.45
200.45
289.98
224.46
305.64
218.45
292.07
199.51
339.87
331.86
168.51
174.51
176.50
331.86
176.51
180.51
334.87
305.71
363.70
234.55
353.70
353.70
324.85
230.46
360.70
328.50
349.49
357.47
363.45
365.44
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 4 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Junction Report
Label
J-G-218
J-G-219
J-G-220
J-G-221
J-G-222
J-G-223
J-G-224
J-G-225
J-G-226
J-G-307
JENKINS
JP FIELD HOUSE
KILLIAN 1
KILLIAN 2
LEATHERWOOD RES HALL
LIBRARY 1
LIBRARY 2
MADISON HALL
MAINTENANCE
MCKEE
MOORE BUILDIONG
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
N10
N11
N12
N13
NATURAL SCIENCES
NCCAT
NCCAT 1
NCCAT 2
NORTON HALL
OLD STUDENT UNION
OUTREACH 1
OUTREACH 2
OUTREACH ANNEX
PERFORMING ARTS CENTER
PRINT SHOP
RAMSEY CENTER
REID GYM 1
REID GYM 2
REYNOLDS 1
REYNOLDS 2
ROBERTSON
SCOTT 1
SCOTT 2
SCOTT 3
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Elevation
(ft)
Type
2,078.00
2,078.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,080.00
2,214.00
2,104.00
2,155.00
2,155.00
2,124.00
2,150.00
2,150.00
2,220.00
2,194.00
2,154.00
2,248.00
2,120.00
2,126.00
2,136.00
2,130.00
2,065.00
2,134.00
2,202.00
2,203.00
2,270.00
2,152.00
2,146.00
0.00
2,096.00
2,146.00
2,134.00
2,140.00
2,140.00
2,080.00
2,240.00
2,096.00
2,096.00
2,102.00
2,050.00
2,134.00
2,130.00
2,124.00
2,124.00
2,294.00
2,294.00
2,294.00
2,120.00
2,120.00
2,120.00
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Base Flow
Calculated Pressure Pressure
(gpm) Hydraulic Grade (psi)
Head
(ft)
(ft)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.100
0.300
0.070
0.070
15.130
0.345
0.345
1.580
0.230
0.220
0.250
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.320
1.100
0.440
0.490
5.460
0.010
0.483
0.483
0.483
3.340
0.020
7.780
8.230
8.230
4.130
4.130
3.380
10.083
10.083
10.083
Haestad Methods Solution Center
2,443.44 158.11 365.44
2,443.43 158.11 365.43
2,443.43 144.26 333.43
2,443.43 144.26 333.43
2,443.43 144.26 333.43
2,443.43 144.26 333.43
2,443.43 144.26 333.43
2,443.43 144.26 333.43
2,443.43 144.26 333.43
2,443.43 157.24 363.43
2,444.58
99.76 230.58
2,444.86 147.48 340.86
2,443.98 125.03 288.98
2,443.98 125.03 288.98
2,443.35 138.17 319.35
2,444.36 127.35 294.36
2,444.36 127.35 294.36
2,444.51
97.13 224.51
2,444.53 108.39 250.53
2,444.32 125.61 290.32
2,444.45
85.00 196.45
2,444.85 140.55 324.85
2,443.88 137.53 317.88
2,443.66 133.11 307.66
2,443.50 135.64 313.50
2,443.86 163.92 378.86
2,443.75 134.01 309.75
2,444.47 104.91 242.47
2,444.58 104.52 241.58
2,444.51
75.50 174.51
2,444.36 126.49 292.36
2,444.36 129.09 298.36
2,444.52 1,057.63 2,444.52
2,443.86 150.50 347.86
2,444.36 129.09 298.36
2,443.70 133.99 309.70
2,443.70 131.40 303.70
2,443.70 131.40 303.70
2,443.50 157.27 363.50
2,444.51
88.48 204.51
2,443.86 150.50 347.86
2,443.86 150.50 347.86
2,443.86 147.91 341.86
2,443.86 170.41 393.86
2,443.61 133.95 309.61
2,444.85 136.22 314.85
2,443.26 138.13 319.26
2,443.79 138.36 319.79
2,444.50
65.11 150.50
2,444.50
65.11 150.50
2,444.55
65.13 150.55
2,443.81 140.10 323.81
2,443.80 140.09 323.80
2,443.82 140.10 323.82
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 5 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Junction Report
Label
STEAM PLANT
STILLWELL
TRIPLEX APARTMENTS
VILLAGE 101-A
VILLAGE 101-B
VILLAGE 104
VILLAGE 106
VILLAGE 112
VILLAGE 114
VILLAGE 116
VILLAGE 118
WALKER 1
WALKER 2
WAREHOUSE
WATER PLANT
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Elevation
(ft)
Type
2,176.00
2,150.00
2,274.00
2,090.00
2,090.00
2,092.00
2,090.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,110.00
2,230.00
2,220.00
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
Demand
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Base Flow
Calculated Pressure Pressure
(gpm) Hydraulic Grade (psi)
Head
(ft)
(ft)
30.530
0.470
0.712
3.148
3.148
3.148
3.148
3.148
3.148
3.148
3.148
6.785
6.785
1.010
8.680
Haestad Methods Solution Center
2,444.38
2,444.34
2,444.51
2,443.45
2,443.44
2,443.44
2,443.43
2,443.43
2,443.43
2,443.43
2,443.43
2,443.75
2,443.76
2,444.55
2,444.55
116.12
127.35
73.77
152.92
152.92
152.05
152.91
144.26
144.26
144.26
144.26
144.40
144.40
92.83
97.15
268.38
294.34
170.51
353.45
353.44
351.44
353.43
333.43
333.43
333.43
333.43
333.75
333.76
214.55
224.55
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 6 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Pipe Report
Label
P-1
P-2
P-3
P-4
P-5
P-6
P-7
P-8
P-9
P-10
P-11
P-12
P-13
P-14
P-15
P-16
P-17
P-18
P-19
P-20
P-21
P-22
P-23
P-24
P-27
P-28
P-29
P-30
P-32
P-33
P-34
P-35
P-36
P-37
P-38
P-39
P-40
P-41
P-42
P-43
P-45
P-46
P-47
P-48
P-49
P-50
P-51
P-52
P-53
P-55
P-56
P-58
P-59
P-60
P-61
Length
(ft)
90.00
16.00
137.00
622.00
128.00
199.00
163.00
129.00
199.00
116.00
276.00
742.00
96.00
656.00
40.00
473.00
103.00
725.00
203.00
40.00
160.00
240.00
218.00
246.00
470.00
38.00
53.00
969.00
1,067.00
56.00
10.00
124.00
21.00
79.00
196.00
118.00
29.00
33.00
306.00
271.00
38.00
67.00
126.00
298.00
10.00
191.00
147.00
179.00
576.00
743.00
320.00
81.00
85.00
60.00
223.00
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Diameter Control
(in)
Status
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
2.5
8.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
10.0
10.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
6.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 1 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Pipe Report
Label
Length
(ft)
P-62
P-63
P-64
P-65
P-66
P-67
P-68
P-69
P-70
P-71
P-73
P-74
P-75
P-76
P-77
P-78
P-79
P-80
P-81
P-82
P-83
P-84
P-85
P-86
P-87
P-88
P-89
P-90
P-91
P-92
P-93
P-94
P-95
P-96
P-97
P-98
P-99
P-100
P-101
P-102
P-103
P-104
P-105
P-106
P-107
P-108
P-109
P-110
P-111
P-112
P-113
P-114
P-115
P-116
P-117
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
65.00
75.00
19.00
50.00
362.00
24.00
53.00
91.00
82.00
213.00
22.00
67.00
9.00
49.00
79.00
59.00
37.00
20.00
116.00
241.00
87.00
51.00
10.00
41.00
172.00
281.00
143.00
40.00
10.00
151.00
62.00
20.00
51.00
434.00
169.00
127.00
326.00
10.00
206.00
105.00
50.00
49.00
44.00
301.00
573.00
51.00
143.00
110.00
316.00
155.00
10.00
127.00
117.00
190.00
102.00
Diameter Control
(in)
Status
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
12.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
6.0
2.0
6.0
2.0
2.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
2.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 2 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Pipe Report
Label
Length
(ft)
P-118
P-119
P-120
P-121
P-122
P-123
P-124
P-125
P-126
P-127
P-128
P-129
P-130
P-131
P-132
P-133
P-134
P-135
P-136
P-137
P-138
P-139
P-140
P-141
P-142
P-143
P-144
P-145
P-146
P-147
P-148
P-149
P-150
P-151
P-152
P-153
P-154
P-155
P-156
P-157
P-158
P-159
P-160
P-161
P-162
P-163
P-164
P-165
P-166
P-167
P-168
P-169
P-170
P-171
P-172
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
157.00
252.00
133.00
307.00
163.00
145.00
49.00
176.00
223.00
116.00
127.00
12.00
9.00
27.00
30.00
363.00
62.00
18.00
20.00
72.00
616.00
89.00
513.00
551.00
97.00
120.00
920.00
21.00
147.00
93.00
41.00
522.00
282.00
101.00
196.00
606.00
80.00
76.00
151.00
104.00
285.00
19.00
185.00
286.00
23.00
277.00
88.00
193.00
17.00
23.00
112.00
62.00
141.00
397.00
127.00
Diameter Control
(in)
Status
6.0
6.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
6.0
1.5
6.0
3.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
10.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
6.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
12.0
12.0
8.0
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 3 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Pipe Report
Label
Length
(ft)
P-173
P-174
P-175
P-176
P-177
P-178
P-179
P-180
P-181
P-182
P-183
P-184
P-185
P-186
P-187
P-188
P-189
P-190
P-191
P-192
P-193
P-194
P-195
P-196
P-197
P-198
P-199
P-200
P-201
P-202
P-203
P-204
P-205
P-206
P-207
P-208
P-209
P-210
P-211
P-212
P-213
P-214
P-215
P-216
P-217
P-218
P-219
P-220
P-221
P-222
P-227
P-228
P-229
P-230
P-231
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
474.00
126.00
50.00
404.00
10.00
488.00
66.00
10.00
275.00
239.00
41.00
247.00
180.00
241.00
47.00
24.00
23.00
328.00
105.00
87.00
302.00
211.00
32.00
336.00
17.00
106.00
321.00
220.00
40.00
166.00
10.00
144.00
20.00
577.00
145.00
811.00
42.00
45.00
30.00
30.00
320.00
23.00
36.00
14.00
167.00
211.00
44.00
112.00
231.00
223.00
62.00
161.00
10.00
491.00
50.00
Diameter Control
(in)
Status
8.0
8.0
6.0
10.0
6.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
6.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
10.0
6.0
10.0
10.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
2.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
4.0
1.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
4.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 4 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Pipe Report
Label
Length
(ft)
P-232
P-233
P-234
P-235
P-236
P-237
P-238
P-239
P-240
P-241
P-242
P-243
P-244
P-247
P-248
P-249
P-250
P-251
P-252
P-253
P-254
P-255
P-256
P-257
P-258
P-259
P-260
P-261
P-262
P-263
P-266
P-267
P-268
P-269
P-270
P-271
P-272
P-273
P-274
P-275
P-276
P-277
P-278
P-279
P-280
P-281
P-282
P-283
P-284
P-285
P-286
P-287
P-288
P-289
P-290
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
229.00
327.00
107.00
42.00
398.00
225.00
411.00
459.00
129.00
199.00
355.00
676.00
112.00
90.00
146.00
25.00
143.00
92.00
401.00
255.00
19.00
329.00
333.00
463.00
40.00
69.00
245.00
177.00
59.00
116.00
53.00
140.00
56.00
57.00
158.00
162.00
97.00
224.00
50.00
111.00
102.00
46.00
210.00
47.00
129.00
49.00
49.00
337.00
48.00
23.00
518.00
21.00
240.00
81.00
396.00
Diameter Control
(in)
Status
6.0
4.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
1.5
2.5
2.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
12.0
4.0
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 5 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Pipe Report
Label
Length
(ft)
P-291
P-292
P-293
P-294
P-295
P-296
P-297
P-298
P-299
P-300
P-301
P-302
P-303
P-304
P-305
P-306
P-307
P-308
P-309
P-310
P-311
P-312
P-313
P-314
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
16.00
112.00
10.00
286.00
165.00
299.00
438.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
228.00
619.00
169.00
10.00
198.00
10.00
10.00
947.00
Diameter Control
(in)
Status
1.5
2.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
Open
Open
Closed
Open
Closed
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Closed
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 6 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Steady State Analysis
Tank Report
Label
Zone
Base Minimum Initial Maximum Inactive Tank
Inflow
Elevation Elevation HGL Elevation Volume Diameter (gpm)
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(ft)
(gal)
(ft)
1 MG TANK
Zone 2,418.00 2,420.00 2,432.00 2,433.00
0.2 MG TANK
Zone 2,438.50 2,439.50 2,445.00 2,451.00
WTP CLEAR WE Zone 2,250.00 2,252.00 2,265.40 2,265.50
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
0.00
0.00
0.00
Current Calculated Calculated
Status Hydraulic Grade Percent
(ft)
Full
(%)
N/A
0.000 Steady
55.00 292.796 Draining
N/A
0.001 Filling
Haestad Methods Solution Center
2,432.00
2,445.00
2,265.40
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
92.3
47.8
99.3
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 1 of 1
+1-203-755-1666
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Helder Residence Hall
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - INSTITUTIONS: State or Federal Penitentiaries, Libraries, Museums, Art Galleries or Police
Stations
Height-Stories
4
Effective Area*
50,090
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
3250
gpm 310
Occupancy factor (Oi)
0.85
320
Sq. ft.;
2
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
3250
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
0.85
320 X
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
2763
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
3000
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Helder-Leatherwood
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
20036
20036
40072
Effective Area
50090
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Helder-Leatherwood
No
No
X
X
u/p
4
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Hunter Library
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS: Paper in rolls, Books, Greeting Cards, Maps, Sheet Music,
Stationery
Height-Stories
5
Effective Area*
93,240
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
Sq. ft.;
Occupancy factor (Oi)
3
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
1
320
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
4500
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
1
320 X
gpm 310
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
4500
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
4500
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
4500
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Hunter
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
No
No
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
31080
31080
93240
Effective Area
93240
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Hunter
X
X
u/p
5
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Reid Gym
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - RECREATION: Health Studios, Health Clubs, Archery, Gun Clubs, Fraternal and Social Clubs
and Lodges
Height-Stories
3
Effective Area*
66,224
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
3750
gpm 310
Occupancy factor (Oi)
0.85
320
Sq. ft.;
2
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
3750
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
0.85
320 X
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
3188
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
3000
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Reid Gym
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
33112
33112
33112
Effective Area
66224
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Reid Gym
No
No
X
X
u/p
3
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Breese Gym
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - RECREATION: Health Studios, Health Clubs, Archery, Gun Clubs, Fraternal and Social Clubs
and Lodges
Height-Stories
2
Effective Area*
15,450
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
1750
gpm 310
Occupancy factor (Oi)
0.85
320
Sq. ft.;
2
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
1750
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
0.85
320 X
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
1488
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
1500
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Breese Gym
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
10300
10300
Effective Area
15450
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Breese Gym
No
No
X
X
u/p
2
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Garage/Maintenance
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - INSTITUTIONS: Municipal Garages, Maintenance Buildings, Repair Shops or Municipal
Storage Buildings (Other auxiliary to Recreation Property)
Height-Stories
1
Effective Area*
13,443
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
Sq. ft.;
3
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
Occupancy factor (Oi)
X
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
1
320
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
1750
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
1
320 X
gpm 310
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
1750
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
1750
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
1750
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Garage-Maintenance
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
8962
Effective Area
13443
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Garage-Maintenance
No
No
X
X
u/p
1
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Brown Cafeteria
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICE OCCUPANCIES: Restaurants, Beverage dispensing, Bars,
Taverns, Salad Bars, Ice Cream Parlors, Coffee Houses, Sandwich Shops, Bakeries (Sales only, no Baking)
Height-Stories
3
Effective Area*
20,160
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
Sq. ft.;
3
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
Occupancy factor (Oi)
X
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
1
320
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
2000
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
1
320 X
gpm 310
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
2000
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
2000
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
2000
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Brown Cafeteria
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
10080
10080
10080
Effective Area
20160
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Brown Cafeteria
No
No
X
X
u/p
3
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Dodson Cafateria
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICE OCCUPANCIES: Restaurants, Beverage dispensing,
Bars, Taverns, Salad Bars, Ice Cream Parlors, Coffee Houses, Sandwich Shops, Bakeries (Sales only, no
Baking)
Const. Class
Height-Stories
3
4
Effective Area*
27,104
From Table (Ci)
Sq. ft.;
Occupancy factor (Oi)
3
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
1
320
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
2250
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
1
320 X
gpm 310
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
2250
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
2250
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
2250
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Dodson
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
No
No
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
13552
13552
13552
Effective Area
27104
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Dodson
X
X
u/p
3
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Killian Building
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - INSTITUTIONS: Educational Institutions maintaining academic curricula, Commercial
Training Institutions, (Occupancies 526711 and 526722)
Height-Stories
3
Effective Area*
34,184
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
2750
gpm 310
Occupancy factor (Oi)
0.85
320
Sq. ft.;
2
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
2750
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
0.85
320 X
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
2338
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
2250
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Killian Building
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
17092
17092
17092
Effective Area
34184
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Killian Building
No
No
X
X
u/p
3
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Print Shop
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - PRINTING AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES: Electrotyping, Lithographing, and Photoengraving
Shops, Bookbinders, and Job Printers,
Height-Stories
1
Effective Area*
7,209
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
Sq. ft.;
3
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
Occupancy factor (Oi)
X
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
1
320
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
1250
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
1
320 X
gpm 310
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
1250
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
1250
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
1250
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Print Shop
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
4806
Effective Area
7209
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Print Shop
No
No
X
X
u/p
1
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Forsyth Building
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - INSTITUTIONS: Educational Institutions maintaining academic curricula, Commercial Training
Institutions, (Occupancies 526711 and 526722)
Height-Stories
4
Effective Area*
39,260
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
2750
gpm 310
Occupancy factor (Oi)
0.85
320
Sq. ft.;
2
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
2750
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
0.85
320 X
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
2338
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
2250
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Forsyth Building
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
15704
15704
31408
Effective Area
39260
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Forsyth Building
No
No
X
X
u/p
4
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Belks Art Complex
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - INSTITUTIONS: Educational Institutions maintaining academic curricula, Commercial Training
Institutions, (Occupancies 526711 and 526722)
Height-Stories
4
Effective Area*
67,390
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
3750
gpm 310
Occupancy factor (Oi)
0.85
320
Sq. ft.;
2
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
3750
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
0.85
320 X
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
3188
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
3000
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Belk Building
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
26956
26956
53912
Effective Area
67390
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Belk Building
No
No
X
X
u/p
4
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Physical Plant
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - INSTITUTIONS: Municipal Garages, Maintenance Buildings, Repair Shops or Municipal
Storage Buildings (Other auxiliary to Recreation Property)
Height-Stories
1
Effective Area*
13,500
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
Sq. ft.;
Occupancy factor (Oi)
3
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
1
320
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
1750
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
1
320 X
gpm 310
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
1750
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
1750
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
1750
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Physical Plant
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
9000
Effective Area
13500
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
Physical Plant
No
No
X
X
u/p
1
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Jordan-Phillips Field House
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - RECREATION: Health Studios, Health Clubs, Archery, Gun Clubs, Fraternal and Social Clubs
and Lodges
Height-Stories
2
Effective Area*
7,823
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
1250
gpm 310
Occupancy factor (Oi)
0.85
320
Sq. ft.;
2
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
1250
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
0.85
1
320 X
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
1063
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
1000
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Jordan-Phillips Field House
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
Effective Area
Edition 2: 5/01/02
5215
5215
Number of Stories
No
No
X
X
u/p
2
7822.5
Jordan-Phillips Field House
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
Coulter Building
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - INSTITUTIONS: Educational Institutions maintaining academic curricula, Commercial Training
Institutions, (Occupancies 526711 and 526722)
Height-Stories
4
Effective Area*
46,638
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
3000
gpm 310
Occupancy factor (Oi)
0.85
320
Sq. ft.;
2
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
3000
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
0.85
320 X
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
2550
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
2500
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Coulter Building
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
Effective Area
Edition 2: 5/01/02
18655
18655
37310
Number of Stories
No
No
X
X
u/p
4
46637.5
Coulter Building
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
H.F. Robinson Administration Building
PFX
Low #
High #
Dir.
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - INSTITUTIONS: Educational Institutions maintaining academic curricula, Commercial Training
Institutions, (Occupancies 526711 and 526722)
Height-Stories
6
Effective Area*
42,291
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
3000
gpm 310
Occupancy factor (Oi)
0.85
320
Sq. ft.;
2
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
3000
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
0.85
1
320 X
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
2550
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
2500
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
H.F. Robinson Admin. Bldg.
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
12083
12083
48333
Effective Area
42291
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
H.F. Robinson Admin. Bldg.
No
No
X
X
u/p
6
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
University Bookstore
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS: Paper in rolls, Books, Greeting Cards, Maps, Sheet Music,
Stationery
Height-Stories
2
Effective Area*
17,640
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
Sq. ft.;
Occupancy factor (Oi)
3
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
2000
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
1
Factor for Communication (Pi):
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
330A
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
0.0
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
320
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
2000
gpm 310
1
320 X
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330B
330
2000
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
2000
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
University Bookstore
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
11760
11760
Effective Area
17640
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
University Bookstore
No
No
X
X
u/p
2
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
NEEDED FIRE FLOW 300
Date
May-2006
Community
Building
County
Fire Flow Number
Western Carolina University
NCCAT Core
PFX
Low #
High #
State
Dist Area
Risk I.D.
Dir.
NC
Thoroughfare Name
Type
Address
Nearest 2 Intersecting Sts.
Occupancy
Non MFG - INSTITUTIONS: Educational Institutions maintaining academic curricula, Commercial
Training Institutions, (Occupancies 526711 and 526722)
Height-Stories
2
Effective Area*
34,125
Const. Class
4
From Table (Ci)
2750
gpm 310
Occupancy factor (Oi)
0.85
320
Sq. ft.;
2
Occupancy (Building) Combustibility Factor
Factor for Exposure (Xi):
X
Non Chargeable
Exposure Charge from SCOPES =
Factor for Communication (Pi):
X 0.0007 = Xi =
X
0.0
330A
0.0
330B
Non Chargeable
Communication charge from SCOPES = Pi =
Exposures (Xi) and Communication (Pi) Factors:
2750
310
Wood Shakes Present
X
0.85
320 X
1
1
330 +
**
= 340
330
2338
(check for Yes - adds 500 gpm when the roof has a wood shingle covering)
NEEDED FIRE FLOW (NFFi) =
2250
gpm
340
Comments:
NFF Batch Report
Residential
Manual Override
Hydrant Distribution total - 614 =
*
If the building has not been surveyed on SCOPES, use the other side.
Edition 2: 5/01/02
NCCAT Core
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE, INC.
EVALUATION OF HYDRANT DISTRIBUTION HDi
Large Diameter Hose credited:
Hydrant Distribution Adequate:
No. Outlets
Hydrant Location
4 or 4½
*
*Max
Credit gpm
2½
0' - 300'
1000 gpm
Distance
301' - 600'
670 gpm
601' - 1000'
250 gpm
Credit
gpm
Total = 614 =
Pumper (4" or 4½") outlet - - - - - - - - - 1000 GPM
Two or more hose (2½") outlets only - - - 750 GPM
One hose (2½") outlet only - - - - - - - - - 500 GPM
If the building has not been surveyed on the SCOPES:
Fire area considered: Basement?
If yes, used?
Construction Class
4
Yes
Yes
Class of Floor Openings
Ground Floor Area
2nd Floor Area
3rd Floor & above
22750
22750
Effective Area
34125
Edition 2: 5/01/02
Number of Stories
NCCAT Core
No
No
X
X
u/p
2
© ISO Properties, Inc., 2001
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Fire Flow Analysis
Fire Flow Report
Label
Zone
ADMIN
Zone
ALBRIGHT
Zone
BASEBALL
No Fire
BASEBALL TOILETS No Fire
BELK ART
No Fire
BENTON
Zone
BIRD ALUMNI
No Fire
BIRD HEALTH
Zone
BOOKSTORE
Zone
BREESE GYM
Zone
BROWN CAFETERIA Zone
BUCHANAN
Zone
C.A.T.
Zone
CENTRAL DRIVE RES Zone
CHANCELLORS HOUS No Fire
COULTER
Zone
DODSON CAFETERIA Zone
DUGOUT 2
No Fire
FACILITY APT. 6
No Fire
FACULTY APT. 1
No Fire
FACULTY APT. 2/3
No Fire
FACULTY APT. 4
No Fire
FACULTY APT. 5
No Fire
FOOTBALL
Zone
FORSYTH
No Fire
GARAGE
Zone
GRAHAM BUILDING No Fire
GREENHOUSE 1
Zone
GREENHOUSE 2
Zone
HARRILL 1
Zone
HARRILL 2
Zone
HELDER
Zone
HINDS 1
Zone
HINDS 2
Zone
HOEY 1
No Fire
HOEY 2
Zone
HYDRANT 1
Zone
HYDRANT 2
Zone
HYDRANT 3
Zone
HYDRANT 4
Zone
HYDRANT 6
Zone
HYDRANT 7
Zone
HYDRANT 9
Zone
HYDRANT 10
Zone
HYDRANT 12
Zone
HYDRANT 13
Zone
HYDRANT 14
Zone
HYDRANT 15
Zone
HYDRANT 16
Zone
HYDRANT 17
Zone
HYDRANT 18
Zone
HYDRANT 20
Zone
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Needed
Fire Flow
(gpm)
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
Available
Fire
Flow
(gpm)
1,171.089
2,933.849
123.703
285.716
412.734
2,279.736
50.809
2,267.037
1,487.020
1,586.948
2,742.289
3,253.480
1,435.131
768.823
47.805
973.581
766.349
80.005
202.467
180.102
214.965
281.553
467.100
1,065.499
185.542
1,919.240
212.880
763.663
703.445
1,520.297
889.097
2,350.303
725.703
1,603.379
68.422
2,210.596
3,117.249
2,479.564
2,279.391
1,623.234
2,093.868
3,253.462
2,771.838
2,984.404
2,322.257
1,528.547
2,920.402
2,264.494
2,267.394
1,573.448
1,239.248
1,452.996
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Total
Flow
Needed
(gpm)
500.320
504.715
10.000
10.000
10.480
504.715
10.110
500.220
500.100
503.400
507.150
505.780
500.120
509.240
10.340
500.330
508.210
10.000
10.261
10.261
10.458
10.261
10.261
501.300
10.280
500.230
10.070
504.410
501.470
505.835
505.835
514.000
506.985
506.985
10.040
500.040
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
Total
Flow
Available
(gpm)
1,171.409
2,938.564
123.703
285.716
413.214
2,284.451
50.919
2,267.257
1,487.120
1,590.348
2,749.439
3,259.260
1,435.251
778.063
48.145
973.911
774.559
80.005
202.728
180.364
215.423
281.814
467.361
1,066.799
185.822
1,919.470
212.950
768.073
704.915
1,526.132
894.932
2,364.303
732.688
1,610.364
68.462
2,210.636
3,117.249
2,479.564
2,279.391
1,623.234
2,093.868
3,253.462
2,771.838
2,984.404
2,322.257
1,528.547
2,920.402
2,264.494
2,267.394
1,573.448
1,239.248
1,452.996
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Residual CalculatedCalculated
Pressure Residual Minimum
(psi)
Pressure Zone
(psi)
Pressure
(psi)
40.00
40.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.03
40.00
10.00
10.02
10.03
40.00
10.40
40.00
40.00
40.02
40.00
47.82
40.00
40.00
10.18
40.01
40.01
11.00
10.01
10.02
10.02
10.03
10.11
40.00
10.01
40.00
10.01
40.00
40.00
40.03
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.62
11.20
40.00
63.22
43.46
41.30
40.00
40.00
48.17
57.60
41.36
40.00
51.66
40.00
40.02
40.02
47.79
40.01
40.00
61.43
48.82
11.58
11.50
11.41
54.48
11.23
53.98
43.67
57.93
47.42
40.00
49.73
63.21
11.61
62.35
43.98
11.60
11.54
11.55
11.54
11.50
11.37
64.29
11.55
53.89
11.54
43.69
57.71
40.43
59.03
45.14
63.34
40.06
11.60
54.31
40.01
40.00
40.00
57.87
40.17
40.00
40.00
40.00
51.61
40.00
49.19
53.86
52.71
40.00
51.26
49.57
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Minimum
Zone
Junction
Minimum
System
Junction
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-278
J-278
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-205
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-108
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-277
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
J-16
J-16
GREENHOUSE J-16
GREENHOUSE J-16
CENTRAL DRIVJ-16
CENTRAL DRIVJ-16
N2
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
KILLIAN 1
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
WAREHOUSE J-16
WAREHOUSE J-16
J-9
J-16
J-19
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
CENTRAL DRIVJ-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 18 J-16
J-48
J-16
KILLIAN 1
J-16
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 1 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Fire Flow Analysis
Fire Flow Report
Label
Zone
HYDRANT 21
Zone
HYDRANT 22
Zone
HYDRANT 23
Zone
HYDRANT 24
Zone
HYDRANT 25
Zone
HYDRANT 26
Zone
HYDRANT 27
Zone
HYDRANT 28
Zone
HYDRANT 29
Zone
HYDRANT 30
Zone
HYDRANT 31
Zone
HYDRANT 32
Zone
HYDRANT C
Zone
IRRIGATION BASEBAL Zone
IRRIGATION SOCCER No Fire
J-1
Zone
J-3
No Fire
J-4
No Fire
J-5
No Fire
J-9
Zone
J-10
Zone
J-12
Zone
J-14
Zone
J-16
No Fire
J-18
Zone
J-19
Zone
J-24
Zone
J-27
Zone
J-29
Zone
J-30
Zone
J-31
Zone
J-32
Zone
J-33
Zone
J-37
Zone
J-41
Zone
J-42
Zone
J-44
Zone
J-48
Zone
J-51
Zone
J-52
Zone
J-56
Zone
J-59
Zone
J-60
Zone
J-61
Zone
J-63
Zone
J-64
Zone
J-66
Zone
J-67
Zone
J-68
Zone
J-69
Zone
J-70
Zone
J-71
Zone
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Needed
Fire Flow
(gpm)
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
Available
Fire
Flow
(gpm)
562.598
682.751
461.510
2,625.702
2,978.561
1,645.991
1,298.536
2,656.638
1,546.858
1,733.469
1,101.313
1,758.290
961.131
699.576
176.298
3,033.708
1,612.046
71.982
56.338
3,138.824
3,215.105
3,826.104
4,585.258
1,612.026
1,359.245
1,704.065
2,771.792
3,100.963
3,097.974
3,084.446
2,975.486
2,927.509
2,927.497
2,973.839
1,836.346
1,645.036
1,516.245
1,021.466
2,563.095
2,648.455
2,833.903
3,768.459
3,874.900
4,005.885
3,768.465
3,768.384
3,685.801
3,498.960
3,442.242
3,351.246
3,166.871
3,082.291
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Total
Flow
Needed
(gpm)
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
31.010
500.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
Total
Flow
Available
(gpm)
562.598
682.751
461.510
2,625.702
2,978.561
1,645.991
1,298.536
2,656.638
1,546.858
1,733.469
1,101.313
1,758.290
961.131
699.576
197.308
3,033.708
1,612.046
71.982
56.338
3,138.824
3,215.105
3,826.104
4,585.258
1,612.026
1,359.245
1,704.065
2,771.792
3,100.963
3,097.974
3,084.446
2,975.486
2,927.509
2,927.497
2,973.839
1,836.346
1,645.036
1,516.245
1,021.466
2,563.095
2,648.455
2,833.903
3,768.459
3,874.900
4,005.885
3,768.465
3,768.384
3,685.801
3,498.960
3,442.242
3,351.246
3,166.871
3,082.291
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Residual CalculatedCalculated
Pressure Residual Minimum
(psi)
Pressure Zone
(psi)
Pressure
(psi)
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.01
40.00
40.00
49.59
50.59
40.03
40.87
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.02
40.00
40.00
10.00
41.73
52.37
11.47
12.06
40.84
48.63
80.67
91.86
10.00
40.00
40.00
49.31
67.54
65.63
67.14
82.30
70.70
61.93
53.90
50.38
48.65
46.92
40.01
40.00
40.00
45.19
65.22
78.30
72.66
61.38
47.12
41.34
43.05
44.77
44.35
47.79
47.78
57.58
40.01
58.41
51.28
40.00
40.00
45.28
40.00
41.59
45.20
62.58
44.73
40.10
64.69
11.56
40.00
10.00
10.60
11.20
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
50.52
46.92
40.42
40.00
40.01
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
44.50
47.79
44.33
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Minimum
Zone
Junction
Minimum
System
Junction
J-251
J-16
J-277
J-16
N4
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-195
J-16
J-195
J-16
J-176
J-16
J-168
J-16
OUTREACH 1 J-16
J-151
J-16
J-313
J-16
J-131
J-16
J-G-211
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-16
J-16
CHANCELLORSCHANCE
CHANCELLORSCHANCE
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
CHANCELLORSCHANCE
TRIPLEX APAR J-16
J-18
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
MOORE BUILD J-16
HYDRANT 18 J-16
HYDRANT 18 J-16
HYDRANT 18 J-16
NATURAL SCIEJ-16
STILLWELL
J-16
HYDRANT 15 J-16
BIRD HEALTH J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
KILLIAN 1
J-16
KILLIAN 1
J-16
KILLIAN 1
J-16
BOOKSTORE J-16
BOOKSTORE J-16
BOOKSTORE J-16
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 2 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Fire Flow Analysis
Fire Flow Report
Label
J-72
J-73
J-74
J-75
J-77
J-78
J-79
J-84
J-86
J-88
J-91
J-93
J-103
J-104
J-105
J-106
J-107
J-108
J-112
J-113
J-120
J-127
J-128
J-131
J-134
J-136
J-137
J-138
J-141
J-144
J-146
J-151
J-154
J-155
J-158
J-159
J-160
J-166
J-167
J-168
J-176
J-181
J-183
J-187
J-190
J-191
J-195
J-203
J-205
J-206
J-207
J-208
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Zone
Needed
Fire Flow
(gpm)
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
No Fire
Zone
Zone
Zone
No Fire
No Fire
No Fire
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
Available
Fire
Flow
(gpm)
2,997.654
2,990.036
2,990.036
2,990.037
1,739.326
1,645.982
1,645.985
2,063.167
1,604.009
1,573.005
1,499.195
1,311.281
2,734.886
2,119.436
1,649.441
1,634.771
1,505.888
1,474.901
2,459.995
1,954.675
2,653.273
2,045.841
1,963.615
1,794.948
1,181.588
1,075.282
900.253
778.853
897.258
742.383
131.510
1,781.109
2,449.240
1,559.329
538.738
300.265
230.139
2,402.139
1,135.754
794.492
1,334.876
1,419.934
1,664.752
1,722.722
1,033.306
855.987
731.732
1,750.963
1,505.695
1,433.187
1,376.474
1,185.348
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Total
Flow
Needed
(gpm)
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
Total
Flow
Available
(gpm)
2,997.654
2,990.036
2,990.036
2,990.037
1,739.326
1,645.982
1,645.985
2,063.167
1,604.009
1,573.005
1,499.195
1,311.281
2,734.886
2,119.436
1,649.441
1,634.771
1,505.888
1,474.901
2,459.995
1,954.675
2,653.273
2,045.841
1,963.615
1,794.948
1,181.588
1,075.282
900.253
778.853
897.258
742.383
131.510
1,781.109
2,449.240
1,559.329
538.738
300.265
230.139
2,402.139
1,135.754
794.492
1,334.876
1,419.934
1,664.752
1,722.722
1,033.306
855.987
731.732
1,750.963
1,505.695
1,433.187
1,376.474
1,185.348
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Residual CalculatedCalculated
Pressure Residual Minimum
(psi)
Pressure Zone
(psi)
Pressure
(psi)
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
50.36
51.23
50.92
49.99
53.87
55.60
53.22
45.63
42.16
42.16
40.49
40.00
40.00
41.77
40.06
40.07
44.41
44.41
40.00
40.90
40.00
44.34
42.62
41.37
40.01
40.01
40.00
40.00
41.05
40.00
10.00
40.00
41.73
40.00
10.00
10.09
10.04
41.73
40.95
40.00
40.06
40.00
44.33
40.00
66.83
43.46
40.01
46.03
41.73
40.11
40.02
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.06
40.00
40.00
40.04
52.68
52.46
40.08
40.08
43.45
40.03
40.25
40.02
40.03
40.07
42.60
41.73
51.25
40.00
40.18
64.65
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
10.09
11.53
40.00
40.08
63.08
42.66
40.87
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
63.32
40.00
40.00
40.08
40.00
40.00
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Minimum
Zone
Junction
Minimum
System
Junction
BOOKSTORE J-16
BOOKSTORE J-16
BOOKSTORE J-16
BOOKSTORE J-16
J-195
J-16
J-195
J-16
J-195
J-16
KILLIAN 1
J-16
KILLIAN 1
J-16
KILLIAN 1
J-16
KILLIAN 1
J-16
KILLIAN 2
J-16
J-112
J-16
J-105
J-16
J-304
J-16
J-296
J-16
C.A.T.
J-16
C.A.T.
J-16
J-134
J-16
J-134
J-16
J-168
J-16
FOOTBALL
J-16
FOOTBALL
J-16
HYDRANT 32 J-16
J-136
J-16
J-137
J-16
GREENHOUSE J-16
GREENHOUSE J-16
IRRIGATION BAJ-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
BASEBALL
BASEBA
HYDRANT 30 J-16
J-168
J-16
OUTREACH 1 J-16
J-160
J-160
J-160
J-160
J-16
J-16
J-168
J-16
J-168
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 27 J-16
ADMIN
J-16
SCOTT 1
J-16
WALKER 2
J-16
J-195
J-16
J-195
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
BOOKSTORE J-16
BOOKSTORE J-16
J-208
J-16
J-208
J-16
J-292
J-16
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 3 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Fire Flow Analysis
Fire Flow Report
Label
J-209
J-210
J-247
J-249
J-250
J-251
J-254
J-256
J-257
J-258
J-259
J-261
J-264
J-266
J-267
J-270
J-272
J-273
J-274
J-275
J-276
J-277
J-278
J-280
J-281
J-282
J-283
J-284
J-285
J-286
J-287
J-288
J-289
J-291
J-292
J-293
J-294
J-295
J-296
J-297
J-298
J-299
J-300
J-301
J-302
J-303
J-304
J-305
J-309
J-310
J-311
J-312
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Zone
Needed
Fire Flow
(gpm)
Zone
Zone
No Fire
Zone
Zone
Zone
No Fire
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
No Fire
No Fire
No Fire
No Fire
Zone
No Fire
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
No Fire
Zone
No Fire
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
Zone
No Fire
No Fire
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
Available
Fire
Flow
(gpm)
1,102.388
1,011.132
460.063
822.416
2,022.625
633.143
451.007
3,875.738
3,881.821
3,914.619
3,963.399
3,872.639
1,528.523
1,528.546
1,528.550
1,218.736
2,660.541
125.211
62.237
55.680
50.427
673.908
48.388
3,306.659
2,293.400
3,158.550
2,480.999
2,246.447
2,138.261
2,258.283
2,348.131
1,988.782
1,552.449
2,019.985
1,140.668
2,500.626
2,750.705
2,811.929
1,748.254
1,567.292
431.256
793.676
225.768
1,479.608
772.627
771.991
1,768.862
1,357.336
1,065.088
3,061.247
363.514
335.480
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Total
Flow
Needed
(gpm)
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
Total
Flow
Available
(gpm)
1,102.388
1,011.132
460.063
822.416
2,022.625
633.143
451.007
3,875.738
3,881.821
3,914.619
3,963.399
3,872.639
1,528.523
1,528.546
1,528.550
1,218.736
2,660.541
125.211
62.237
55.680
50.427
673.908
48.388
3,306.659
2,293.400
3,158.550
2,480.999
2,246.447
2,138.261
2,258.283
2,348.131
1,988.782
1,552.449
2,019.985
1,140.668
2,500.626
2,750.705
2,811.929
1,748.254
1,567.292
431.256
793.676
225.768
1,479.608
772.627
771.991
1,768.862
1,357.336
1,065.088
3,061.247
363.514
335.480
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Residual CalculatedCalculated
Pressure Residual Minimum
(psi)
Pressure Zone
(psi)
Pressure
(psi)
40.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
10.00
41.75
40.00
10.02
40.01
46.06
41.01
10.00
78.44
68.58
50.67
57.89
40.00
61.65
50.58
42.86
57.31
40.00
19.22
13.77
16.66
14.08
40.01
10.00
48.23
40.00
52.31
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
42.60
41.73
40.28
40.00
40.00
47.58
40.01
55.13
40.01
40.00
10.00
40.00
10.07
40.05
40.00
40.59
40.01
40.00
66.83
72.47
10.00
10.00
40.00
49.06
11.38
62.98
40.00
40.14
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.37
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
46.05
10.57
11.17
11.61
11.61
42.15
11.61
40.00
49.83
40.00
48.61
42.76
52.91
42.24
40.00
40.00
40.07
48.48
46.07
40.00
50.15
40.00
40.01
40.00
11.40
40.00
10.07
50.21
41.70
40.06
40.01
48.54
40.00
40.01
10.00
11.47
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Minimum
Zone
Junction
Minimum
System
Junction
J-210
J-16
J-G-211
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 21 J-16
HYDRANT 21 J-16
HOEY 1
HOEY 1
HYDRANT 4
J-16
CENTRAL DRIVJ-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
CENTRAL DRIVJ-16
CENTRAL DRIVJ-16
CENTRAL DRIVJ-16
CENTRAL DRIVJ-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-278
J-278
J-278
J-278
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 22 J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
J-286
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-284
J-16
MOORE BUILD J-16
MOORE BUILD J-16
KILLIAN 1
J-16
J-286
J-16
J-208
J-16
MOORE BUILD J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
J-106
J-16
J-181
J-16
J-16
J-16
N9
J-16
FACULTY APT. FACULTY
J-181
J-16
J-299
J-16
J-302
J-16
J-105
J-16
J-292
J-16
J-195
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-312
J-312
J-16
J-16
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 4 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Fire Flow Analysis
Fire Flow Report
Label
Zone
J-313
Zone
J-317
Zone
J-323
Zone
J-G-211
Zone
J-G-212
Zone
J-G-213
Zone
J-G-214
Zone
J-G-217
Zone
J-G-218
Zone
J-G-219
Zone
J-G-220
Zone
J-G-221
Zone
J-G-222
Zone
J-G-223
Zone
J-G-224
Zone
J-G-225
Zone
J-G-226
Zone
J-G-307
Zone
JENKINS
No Fire
JP FIELD HOUSE
No Fire
KILLIAN 1
Zone
KILLIAN 2
Zone
LEATHERWOOD RES No Fire
LIBRARY 1
Zone
LIBRARY 2
Zone
MADISON HALL
Zone
MAINTENANCE
Zone
MCKEE
Zone
MOORE BUILDIONG Zone
N1
Zone
N2
Zone
N3
Zone
N4
Zone
N5
Zone
N6
Zone
N7
Zone
N8
Zone
N9
Zone
N10
Zone
N11
Zone
N12
Zone
N13
Zone
NATURAL SCIENCES Zone
NCCAT
Zone
NCCAT 1
No Fire
NCCAT 2
No Fire
NORTON HALL
Zone
OLD STUDENT UNION Zone
OUTREACH 1
Zone
OUTREACH 2
No Fire
OUTREACH ANNEX
No Fire
PERFORMING ARTS CZone
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Needed
Fire Flow
(gpm)
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
Available
Fire
Flow
(gpm)
1,264.632
1,049.561
1,241.698
961.664
959.744
916.628
888.653
871.672
852.458
845.019
824.198
821.496
819.756
820.013
821.078
826.139
832.990
826.567
98.966
357.808
720.254
1,288.266
493.791
894.263
2,245.708
1,960.597
3,084.429
2,253.268
1,902.883
1,243.138
2,423.012
785.344
520.714
2,997.675
1,634.979
3,226.761
3,670.068
759.810
2,523.321
1,039.193
0.000
2,478.499
1,001.620
855.579
338.551
471.664
961.033
2,352.473
1,373.936
671.273
226.911
2,621.039
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Total
Flow
Needed
(gpm)
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
10.100
10.300
500.070
500.070
25.130
500.345
500.345
501.580
500.230
500.220
500.250
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.320
501.100
10.440
10.490
505.460
500.010
500.483
10.483
10.483
503.340
Total
Flow
Available
(gpm)
1,264.632
1,049.561
1,241.698
961.664
959.744
916.628
888.653
871.672
852.458
845.019
824.198
821.496
819.756
820.013
821.078
826.139
832.990
826.567
99.066
358.108
720.324
1,288.336
508.921
894.608
2,246.053
1,962.177
3,084.659
2,253.488
1,903.133
1,243.138
2,423.012
785.344
520.714
2,997.675
1,634.979
3,226.761
3,670.068
759.810
2,523.321
1,039.193
0.000
2,478.499
1,001.940
856.679
338.991
472.154
966.493
2,352.483
1,374.419
671.756
227.395
2,624.378
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Residual CalculatedCalculated
Pressure Residual Minimum
(psi)
Pressure Zone
(psi)
Pressure
(psi)
40.00
40.00
40.00
55.58
40.00
65.53
40.00
40.00
40.00
46.95
40.00
50.40
40.00
52.99
40.00
53.85
40.00
53.85
40.00
53.85
40.00
40.05
40.00
40.05
40.00
40.05
40.00
40.05
40.00
40.05
40.00
40.05
40.00
40.05
40.00
52.81
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.01
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
60.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.03
40.00
40.00
40.00
55.87
40.00
45.20
40.00
51.63
40.00
79.32
40.00
40.00
40.00
50.38
40.00
41.79
40.00 1,057.63
40.00
41.73
40.00
40.00
40.00
42.95
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
40.00
42.23
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.04
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
41.30
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.55
40.05
40.05
40.69
40.05
40.05
40.34
40.00
11.59
11.45
63.36
42.67
11.35
62.51
52.94
52.12
40.00
54.09
45.17
43.13
40.00
40.01
42.56
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
42.71
40.00
40.06
65.14
40.00
45.76
40.08
11.46
11.37
40.02
47.16
60.36
11.21
11.53
51.32
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Minimum
Zone
Junction
Minimum
System
Junction
N1
J-16
CENTRAL DRIVJ-16
J-195
J-16
HYDRANT C
J-16
VILLAGE 114 J-16
VILLAGE 114 J-16
VILLAGE 114 J-16
VILLAGE 114 J-16
VILLAGE 114 J-16
VILLAGE 114 J-16
VILLAGE 112 J-16
VILLAGE 112 J-16
VILLAGE 114 J-16
VILLAGE 114 J-16
VILLAGE 116 J-16
VILLAGE 118 J-16
VILLAGE 118 J-16
J-G-220
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-93
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-288
J-16
J-313
J-16
HELDER
J-16
HYDRANT 22 J-16
HYDRANT 23 J-16
BOOKSTORE J-16
BOOKSTORE J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-299
J-16
HYDRANT 18 J-16
J-48
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-168
J-16
J-48
J-16
J-195
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT C
J-16
HYDRANT 6
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 4
J-16
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 5 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Scenario: WCU Current Campus
Fire Flow Analysis
Fire Flow Report
Label
Zone
PRINT SHOP
Zone
RAMSEY CENTER
Zone
REID GYM 1
No Fire
REID GYM 2
No Fire
REYNOLDS 1
No Fire
REYNOLDS 2
No Fire
ROBERTSON
No Fire
SCOTT 1
Zone
SCOTT 2
Zone
SCOTT 3
Zone
STEAM PLANT
Zone
STILLWELL
Zone
TRIPLEX APARTMENT Zone
VILLAGE 101-A
Zone
VILLAGE 101-B
Zone
VILLAGE 104
Zone
VILLAGE 106
Zone
VILLAGE 112
Zone
VILLAGE 114
Zone
VILLAGE 116
Zone
VILLAGE 118
Zone
WALKER 1
Zone
WALKER 2
Zone
WAREHOUSE
Zone
WATER PLANT
Zone
WCU Water Model
Comm # 205204.00
July 2006
Needed
Fire Flow
(gpm)
500.000
500.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
500.000
Available
Fire
Flow
(gpm)
1,101.864
1,698.052
236.184
481.441
632.877
767.803
627.399
1,432.116
832.427
1,604.859
2,962.807
2,209.183
1,044.595
888.657
871.672
852.462
826.569
816.143
814.550
815.396
814.995
1,290.954
1,669.192
2,036.387
3,061.385
© Bentley Systems, Inc.
Total
Flow
Needed
(gpm)
500.020
507.780
18.230
18.230
14.130
14.130
13.380
510.083
510.083
510.083
530.530
500.470
500.712
503.147
503.147
503.147
503.147
503.147
503.147
503.147
503.147
506.785
506.785
501.010
508.680
Total
Flow
Available
(gpm)
1,101.884
1,705.832
244.414
489.671
637.007
771.933
630.779
1,442.199
842.510
1,614.942
2,993.337
2,209.654
1,045.307
891.805
874.820
855.610
829.717
819.290
817.697
818.543
818.143
1,297.739
1,675.977
2,037.397
3,070.065
Haestad Methods Solution Center
Residual CalculatedCalculated
Pressure Residual Minimum
(psi)
Pressure Zone
(psi)
Pressure
(psi)
40.00
40.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.12
40.00
10.02
10.20
10.00
10.00
10.00
40.00
40.01
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.01
46.89
47.12
46.23
47.19
40.04
40.04
40.04
40.04
40.00
40.00
40.00
66.99
40.08
48.83
11.52
11.36
11.24
11.11
11.24
60.04
62.94
46.33
42.52
54.08
41.74
40.00
40.00
40.00
40.00
41.25
41.22
41.32
42.53
60.81
45.70
51.04
40.01
Watertown, CT 06795 USA
Minimum
Zone
Junction
J-210
HYDRANT 32
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
HYDRANT 4
HYDRANT 4
SCOTT 1
HYDRANT 6
HYDRANT 6
N9
VILLAGE 114
VILLAGE 114
VILLAGE 114
J-G-220
J-G-221
J-G-222
J-G-224
J-G-225
HYDRANT 4
J-187
HYDRANT 3
HYDRANT 4
Minimum
System
Junction
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
J-16
Project Engineer: DENNIS KNIGHT
WaterCAD v7.0 [07.00.049.00]
Page 6 of 6
+1-203-755-1666
Western Carolina University
Water System Recommendations - Preliminary Opinion of Probable Costs
No.
Unit
Unit Price
Quantity
Total
Near-Term
1.
Raw Water Intake – add electrical quick-connect receptacle/trasfer switch
Description
LS
$8,500.00
1
$8,500
$8,500
2.
Raw Water Intake – replace raw water pumps No. 1 and 3
EA
$31,000.00
2
$62,000
$62,000
3.
Raw Water Mixing – replace flash mixer motor/drive unit
LS
$9,500.00
1
$9,500
$9,500
4.
Raw Water Mixing – replace wooden baffles
Long-Term
SF
$17.00
680
$11,560
$11,560
5a. Sedimentation – concrete repair - linear crack grout injection
LF
$225.00
100
$22,500
$22,500
5b. Sedimentation – concrete repair - wall top weathering concrete cap patching
LF
$95.00
100
$9,500
6.
Sedimentation – add handrail kickplate - 4" tall, 1/4" thick
LF
$17.00
650
$11,050
7.
Sedimentation – replace basin ladders with aluminum
VF
$130.00
84
$10,920
$10,920
8.
Chlorine Feed – replace cylinder scale (digital, 1000# platform)
LS
$11,800.00
1
$11,800
$11,800
9.
Soda Ash – Alt 1. replace dry feed system (elevator + 2 solution tank feeders)
LS
$146,600.00
1
$146,600
$146,600
10. Wastewater – negotiate with TWSA
$9,500
$11,050
See Note 3
See Note 3
11a. Plant Pumps – replace finished water pumps No. 1, 3, & 4 with 700-gpm pumps
EA
$35,300.00
3
$105,900
$105,900
11b. Plant Pumps – repipe and replace finished water pump No. 2 with backwash pump
EA
$67,100.00
1
$67,100
$67,100
12a. General Building Improv. – HVAC
LS
$50,000.00
1
$50,000
$50,000
12b. General Building Improv. – lab
LS
$71,500.00
1
$71,500
$71,500
12c. General Building Improv. – glass partition
SF
$60.00
966
$57,960
$57,960
12d. General Building Improv. – security
LS
$25,000.00
1
$25,000
$25,000
13. Water storage – detailed inspection of 200,000-gal tank
LS
$35,000.00
1
$35,000
14. Water Storage – repair roof 1.0-mg tank with EPDM membrane
LS
$154,000.00
1
$154,000
$154,000
15. Water Storage – 1.0 mg clearwell inlet valve and operator
LS
$7,200.00
1
$7,200
$7,200
$35,000
16. Distribution – sprinkler systems during renovations
See Note 2
See Note 2
17. Distribution – service lines during renovations
See Note 2
See Note 2
$291,725
18a. Distribution – replace small mains during renovations with 6-inch diameter pipe
LF
$175.00
1667
$291,725
18b. Distribution – 8" water lines - Joyner Plaza
LF
$200.00
1000
$200,000
19. Distribution - service line replacement
LF
$175.00
800
$140,000
20a. Distribution – 8" water line loop - Village to NCCAT
LF
$200.00
1240
$248,000
20b. Distribution – 8" water line loop - Outreach Center to Ramsey
LF
$200.00
1730
$346,000
$346,000
20c. Distribution – 8" water line loop - Ramsey to Centennial Drive
LF
$200.00
1140
$228,000
$228,000
20d. Distribution – 8" water line loop - Memorial Drive
LF
$200.00
1290
$258,000
$258,000
20e. Distribution – 8" water line extension to new steam plant site
LF
$200.00
950
$190,000
$190,000
21. Distribution – irrigation water source development
LS
$1,285,000.00
1
$1,285,000
$1,285,000
Totals
$4,064,315
Note 1: Total cost for individual item shown in the above table include 40% markup for engineering and contingencies.
Note 2: Implementation of this recommendation is currently underway by WCU staff. Therefore, a cost estimate has not been prepared for this item.
Note 3: The cost of this item will be determined by the cost of service from TWSA and will be based on negotiations with TWSA. Therefore, a cost
estimate has not been prepared of this item.
$200,000
$140,000
$248,000
$734,570
$3,329,745
1 Present Western Carolina Steam.txt
*** STEAM2000 ***
STEAM DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ANALYSIS
VERSION 2.0 - June 1999
COPYRIGHT - J. E. FUNK, D. J. WOOD, 1999
1 Present Western Carolina Steam
INPUT DATA FILE NAME FOR THIS CASE =
P:\2005PR~1\205204~1\CALCUL~1\Mech\PIPE20~1\Runs\1_Presen.DAT
OUTPUT FILE NAME FOR THIS CASE =
P:\2005PR~1\205204~1\CALCUL~1\Mech\PIPE20~1\Runs\1_Presen.OT2
DATE FOR THIS COMPUTER RUN - 06-23-2006
NUMBER OF PIPES = 76
NUMBER OF JUNCTION NODES = 75
STEAM CONDITIONS - SATURATED VAPOR
SPECIFIED STEAM LOAD UNITS = LB/HR
GLOBAL LOAD FACTOR = 0.8
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE = 14.7 PSIA
REFERENCE PRESSURE = 125 PSIG
REFERENCE DENSITY = 0.314 LB/ft^3
**** SUMMARY OF INPUT DATA ***
______________________________________________________________
PIPE
NODE
NODE
LENGTH
DIAM. ROUGHNESS
SUM-M
NO.
#1
#2
(feet)
(in.) (millifeet) FACT.
______________________________________________________________
P-1
J-4
J-1
355 6.065
1
0
P-10
J-12
J-10
483 8.071
1
0
P-11
J-14
J-12
15 8.071
1
0
P-12
J-12
J-13
260 5.047
1
0
P-13
J-14
J-11
163 3.068
1
0
P-14
J-15
J-14
176 8.071
1
0
P-15 O-RV-1
J-22
139 4.026
1
0
P-16 O-RV-2
J-4
997 8.071
1
0
P-17
J-19
J-21
57 4.026
1
0
P-18
J-35
J-28
176 8.071
1
0
P-19
J-23
J-24
318 4.026
1
0
P-2
J-4
J-3
13 4.026
1
0
P-20
J-23
J-20
207 3.068
1
0
P-21
J-22
J-23
339 4.026
1
0
P-22
J-25
J-35
162 8.071
1
0
P-23
J-28
J-27
53 6.065
1
0
P-24
J-28
J-30
266 8.071
1
0
P-25
J-30
J-69
131 4.026
1
0
P-26
J-30
J-32
227 8.071
1
0
P-27
J-32
J-45
208 8.071
1
0
P-28
J-32
J-33
216 8.071
1
0
P-29
J-33
J-34
68 3.068
1
0
P-3
J-4
J-2
204 4.026
1
0
P-30
J-33
J-39
761 8.071
1
0
P-31
J-36
J-40
321 4.026
1
0
P-32
J-35
J-18
27 3.068
1
0
P-33
J-30
J-37
190 3.068
1
0
P-34
J-39
J-49
227 6.065
1
0
P-35
J-39
J-36
157 6.065
1
0
P-36
J-39
J-41
227 8.071
1
0
P-37
J-36
J-42
201 4.026
1
0
Page 1
P-38
P-39
P-4
P-40
P-41
P-42
P-43
P-44
P-45
P-46
P-47
P-48
P-49
P-5
P-50
P-51
P-52
P-53
P-54
P-55
P-56
P-57
P-58
P-59
P-6
P-60
P-61
P-62
P-63
P-64
P-65
P-66
P-67
P-68
P-69
P-7
P-70
P-71
P-72
P-73
P-8
P-9
J-41
J-44
J-16
J-44
J-45
J-46
J-47
J-47
J-49
J-49
J-20
J-51
J-51
J-8
J-52
J-55
J-55
J-46
J-38
J-38
J-58
J-58
J-61
J-61
J-9
Stm Plt
Stm Plt
Stm Plt
Stm Plt
J-6
J-16
J-62
J-62
J-64
J-64
J-8
J-67
J-67
J-69
Stm Plt
J-10
J-10
J-47
J-43
J-6
J-55
J-31
J-53
J-44
J-9
J-52
J-67
J-26
J-54
J-46
J-64
J-38
J-45
J-56
J-48
J-61
J-58
J-59
J-60
J-57
J-63
J-50
J-25
J-19
J-15
I-RV-1
I-RV-2
J-62
J-17
J-65
J-5
J-66
J-16
J-51
J-68
J-29
J-71
J-8
J-7
1 Present
116
14
225
661
232
169
240
103
162
209
181
415
448
410
458
215
88
13
267
286
19
136
349
450
18
81
45
103
81
4
381
119
852
99
125
278
119
56
208
22
181
46
Western Carolina Steam.txt
8.071
1
0
4.026
1
0
6.065
1
0
6.065
1
0
3.068
1
0
5.047
1
0
6.065
1
0
6.065
1
0
6.065
1
0
6.065
1
0
1.61
1
0
5.047
1
0
5.047
1
0
4.026
1
0
6.065
1
0
8.071
1
0
3.068
1
0
4.026
1
0
6.065
1
0
6.065
1
0
6.065
1
0
6.065
1
0
6.065
1
0
6.065
1
0
6.065
1
0
8.071
1
0
4.026
1
0
8.071
1
0
4.026
1
0
6.065
1
0
4.026
1
0
3.068
1
0
4.026
1
0
3.068
1
0
4.026
1
0
6.065
1
0
6.065
1
0
4.026
1
0
4.026
1
0
6.065
1
0
8.071
1
0
3.068
1
0
_____________________________________________________________
Junction
Node Title
Load
FPN-Pres.
Node No.
( LB/HR )
(psig)
_____________________________________________________________
J-1 Harrill Residence Hall
3497
J-10
0
J-11 Madison Residence Hall
1269
J-12
0
J-13
Moore Building
3017
J-14
0
J-15
0
J-16
0
J-17 Buchanan Residence Hall
2125
J-18
Church
1373
J-19
0
J-2 Albright-Benton Residence Hall
2321
J-20
0
J-21 Grounds Maint/Paint Shop
Page 2
J-22
J-23
J-24
J-25
J-26
J-27
J-28
J-29
J-3
J-30
J-31
J-32
J-33
J-34
J-35
J-36
J-37
J-38
J-39
J-4
J-40
J-41
J-42
J-43
J-44
J-45
J-46
J-47
J-48
J-49
J-5
J-50
J-51
J-52
J-53
J-54
J-55
J-56
J-57
J-58
J-59
J-6
J-60
J-61
J-62
J-63
J-64
J-65
J-66
J-67
J-68
J-69
J-7
J-71
J-8
J-9
I-RV-1
1 Present Western Carolina Steam.txt
2096
0
0
Hoey Auditorium
1112
0
Graham Bldg
644
Hunter Library
7507
0
Natural Science Building
3708
Alright-Benton Residence Hall 1
2321
0
Killian Annex
1557
0
0
McKee Building
2667
0
0
Bird Bldg
728
0
0
0
Coulter Building
3718
0
Forsyth Building
3183
Hinds University Center
2469
0
0
0
0
Leatherwood Residence Hall
4037
0
Robertson Residence Hall
1637
Reid Gym
6509
0
0
Belk Building
5453
Helder Residence Hall
4034
0
Killian Building
2657
Fine & Performing Arts
7905
0
Scott Residence Hall
7103
Brown Cafeteria
2507
Walker Residence Hall
3491
0
0
H.F. Robinson Admin Bldg
3612
0
300 Bed Residence
5697
Reynolds Residence Hall
2902
0
Dodson Cafeteria
3365
Stillwell Bldg
5762
Old Student Union
378
Plant Load
12541
0
0
0
Page 3
O-RV-2
Stm Plt
O-RV-1
I-RV-2
1 Present Western Carolina Steam.txt
0
Steam Plant
0
120
0
0
THERE IS A PRV IN LINE RV-1
THERE IS A PRV IN LINE RV-2
U/S NODE = I-RV-1
U/S NODE = I-RV-2
SET PRESSURE =
SET PRESSURE =
30
30
PSIG
PSIG
================================================================================
**** THE RESULTS FOR THIS CASE FOLLOW ****
Convergence Accuracy = 0
Pipe Results:
________________________________________________________________________________
PIPE
NODE
NODE
FLOW
LOSS
VELOCITY DENSITY FRICTION AREA
NO.
#1
#2
(LB/HR)
(PSI)
(FT/S) (LB/CU FT) FACTOR RATIO
________________________________________________________________________________
P-1
J-4
J-1
2797.6
0.26
37.43
0.1
0.024 0.039
P-10
J-12
J-10
18708
1.21
48.88
0.29
0.021
0.05
P-11
J-14
J-12
21121.6
0.04
54.94
0.3
0.021 0.056
P-12
J-12
J-13
2413.6
0.13
16.05
0.3
0.025 0.016
P-13
J-14
J-11
1015.2
0.2
18.27
0.3
0.029 0.018
P-14
J-15
J-14
22136.8
0.61
57.45
0.3
0.021 0.059
P-15 O-RV-1
J-22
1404.8
0.22
41.85
0.1
0.027 0.044
P-16 O-RV-2
J-4
6511.2
0.88
48.61
0.1
0.022 0.051
P-17
J-19
J-21
1676.8
0.04
17.4
0.3
0.027 0.017
P-18
J-35
J-28
63572
5.53
178.4
0.27
0.021 0.183
P-19
J-23
J-24
889.6
0.21
26.93
0.1
0.027 0.028
P-2
J-4
J-3
1856.8
0.03
56.27
0.1
0.026 0.059
P-20
J-23
J-20
515.2
0.19
26.85
0.1
0.029 0.028
P-21
J-22
J-23
1404.8
0.55
42.19
0.1
0.027 0.044
P-22
J-25
J-35
64670.399
5.06
174.3
0.29
0.021 0.178
P-23
J-28
J-27
6005.6
0.06
30.28
0.27
0.023 0.031
P-24
J-28
J-30
57566.4
7.2
169.79
0.26
0.021 0.174
P-25
J-30
J-69
7576
2.46
93.04
0.25
0.026 0.096
P-26
J-30
J-32
49408
4.74
152.98
0.25
0.021 0.157
P-27
J-32
J-45
17524.978
0.55
55.26
0.24
0.022 0.057
P-28
J-32
J-33
31883.021
1.92
101.31
0.24
0.021 0.104
P-29
J-33
J-34
2133.6
0.45
47.32
0.24
0.028 0.049
P-3
J-4
J-2
1856.8
0.58
56.6
0.1
0.026 0.059
P-30
J-33
J-39
29749.421
6.11
97.99
0.23
0.021 0.101
P-31
J-36
J-40
2974.4
1.04
40.71
0.22
0.026 0.042
P-32
J-35
J-18
1098.4
0.04
20.73
0.28
0.029 0.021
P-33
J-30
J-37
582.4
0.09
12.16
0.25
0.029 0.012
P-34
J-39
J-49
31200
9.9
197.81
0.21
0.023 0.203
P-35
J-39
J-36
5520.8
0.2
33.09
0.23
0.023 0.034
P-36
J-39
J-41
-6971.379
0.1
-23.57
0.23
0.022 0.024
P-37
J-36
J-42
2546.4
0.48
34.76
0.23
0.026 0.036
P-38
J-41
J-47
-6971.379
0.05
-23.55
0.23
0.022 0.024
P-39
J-44
J-43
1975.199
0.01
26.43
0.23
0.026 0.027
P-4
J-16
J-6
8516.8
0.54
40.36
0.29
0.023 0.041
P-40
J-44
J-55 -14153.779
5.34
-81.58
0.24
0.023 0.084
P-41
J-45
J-31
1245.6
0.52
27.29
0.24
0.029 0.028
P-42
J-46
J-53
4362.4
0.42
44.41
0.19
0.025 0.046
P-43
J-47
J-44 -12178.579
1.48
-72.41
0.23
0.023 0.075
P-44
J-47
J-9
5207.199
0.11
31.15
0.23
0.023 0.032
Page 4
P-45
P-46
P-47
P-48
P-49
P-5
P-50
P-51
P-52
P-53
P-54
P-55
P-56
P-57
P-58
P-59
P-6
P-60
P-61
P-62
P-63
P-64
P-65
P-66
P-67
P-68
P-69
P-7
P-70
P-71
P-72
P-73
P-8
P-9
RV-1
RV-2
Stm Plt
J-49
J-52
J-49
J-67
J-20
J-26
J-51
J-54
J-51
J-46
J-8
J-64
J-52
J-38
J-55
J-45
J-55
J-56
J-46
J-48
J-38
J-61
J-38
J-58
J-58
J-59
J-58
J-60
J-61
J-57
J-61
J-63
J-9
J-50
Stm Plt
J-25
Stm Plt
J-19
Stm Plt
J-15
Stm Plt I-RV-1
J-6 I-RV-2
J-16
J-62
J-62
J-17
J-62
J-65
J-64
J-5
J-64
J-66
J-8
J-16
J-67
J-51
J-67
J-68
J-69
J-29
Stm Plt
J-71
J-10
J-8
J-10
J-7
I-RV-1 O-RV-1
I-RV-2 O-RV-2
Stm Plt Stm Plt
1 Present Western Carolina Steam.txt
17688.8
2.38
118.74
13511.2
1.78
90.28
515.2
5.38
103.77
3227.2
0.54
31.7
7592
3.29
75.78
3631.2
1.54
38.63
17688.8
7.1
125.08
-16279.379
0.49
-51.57
2125.6
0.57
46.81
3229.6
0.05
51.57
9213.6
1.17
68.14
8475.199
1.06
62.63
5682.4
0.03
42.24
2792.8
0.05
20.75
6324
0.73
47.27
2889.6
0.2
21.52
5207.2
0.02
31.18
64670.399
2.45
169.52
1676.8
0.03
17.39
22136.8
0.35
57.25
1404.8
0.04
14.57
6511.2
0
30.92
6257.6
4.35
68.32
1700
0.43
32.52
4557.6
5.37
51.62
1309.6
0.2
24.14
2321.6
0.19
24.85
14774.4
1.99
69.43
10819.2
0.66
73.19
2692
0.16
41.18
2966.4
0.61
36.85
10032.8
0.07
45.89
18405.6
0.44
48.38
302.4
0
5.48
1404.8
0
0
6511.2
0
0
99921.599
0
0.01
0.2
0.2
0.09
0.2
0.2
0.29
0.19
0.24
0.24
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.23
0.29
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.29
0.28
0.28
0.27
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.2
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.29
0.29
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.023
0.023
0.035
0.025
0.024
0.026
0.023
0.022
0.028
0.026
0.023
0.023
0.023
0.024
0.023
0.024
0.023
0.021
0.027
0.021
0.027
0.023
0.026
0.028
0.026
0.029
0.026
0.023
0.023
0.026
0.026
0.023
0.021
0.031
0.096
0.044
0.021
0.123
0.093
0.109
0.033
0.078
0.039
0.129
0.053
0.048
0.053
0.071
0.065
0.044
0.021
0.049
0.022
0.032
0.173
0.017
0.059
0.015
0.031
0.07
0.033
0.053
0.024
0.025
0.071
0.076
0.042
0.038
0.047
0.049
0.005
0
0
0
Node Results:
________________________________________________________________________________
Junction
Node
Load
Load
Pressure
Pressure Density
No.
Title
(LB/HR)
M-BTU/HR
(PSIA)
(PSIG) (LB/ft^3)
________________________________________________________________________________
J-1 Harrill Residence Hall
2797.6
2610.512
J-10
0
0
J-11 Madison Residence Hall
1015.2
881.052
J-12
0
0
J-13
Moore Building
2413.6
2094.641
J-14
0
0
J-15
0
0
J-16
0
0
J-17 Buchanan Residence Hall
1700
1482.971
J-18
Church
1098.4
957.022
J-19
0
0
J-2 Albright-Benton Residence Hall
1856.8
1733.264
J-20
0
0
J-21 Grounds Maint/Paint Shop
1676.8
1454.259
Page 5
43.545
132.456
28.845
117.756
0.1
0.29
133.521
133.675
133.543
133.723
134.34
130.018
118.821
118.975
118.843
119.023
119.64
115.318
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.29
125.229
127.14
134.664
110.529
112.44
119.964
0.28
0.28
0.3
43.229
43.729
28.529
29.029
0.1
0.1
134.618
119.918
0.3
1 Present Western Carolina Steam.txt
J-22
0
0
44.475
J-23
0
0
43.924
J-24 Hoey Auditorium
889.6
829.947
43.712
J-25
0
0
132.241
J-26
Graham Bldg
515.2
483.764
38.341
J-27
Hunter Library
6005.6
5251.107
121.577
J-28
0
0
121.645
J-29 Natural Science Building
2966.4
2611.247
111.36
J-3 Alright-Benton Residence Hall 1
1856.8
1732.164
43.775
J-30
0
0
114.443
J-31
Killian Annex
1245.6
1098.518
108.619
J-32
0
0
109.699
J-33
0
0
107.776
J-34
McKee Building
2133.6
1883.338
107.325
J-35
0
0
127.181
J-36
0
0
101.46
J-37
Bird Bldg
582.4
511.644
114.351
J-38
0
0
82.263
J-39
0
0
101.663
J-4
0
0
43.812
J-40 Coulter Building
2974.4
2638.322
100.411
J-41
0
0
101.768
J-42 Forsyth Building
2546.4
2257.764
100.979
J-43 Hinds University Center
1975.2
1748.445
103.283
J-44
0
0
103.303
J-45
0
0
109.142
J-46
0
0
86.013
J-47
0
0
101.821
J-48 Leatherwood Residence Hall
3229.6
2895.904
85.954
J-49
0
0
91.756
J-5 Robertson Residence Hall
1309.6
1138.828
130.257
J-50
Reid Gym
5207.2
4614.645
101.682
J-51
0
0
89.309
J-52
0
0
89.371
J-53
Belk Building
4362.4
3912.775
85.591
J-54 Helder Residence Hall
3227.2
2887.45
88.759
J-55
0
0
108.643
J-56 Killian Building
2125.6
1875.317
108.068
J-57 Fine & Performing Arts
6324
5696.064
80.349
J-58
0
0
81.196
J-59 Scott Residence Hall
5682.4
5114.781
81.163
J-6 Brown Cafeteria
2005.6
1744.915
129.474
J-60 Walker Residence Hall
2792.8
2513.875
81.139
J-61
0
0
81.085
J-62
0
0
125.663
J-63 H.F. Robinson Admin Bldg
2889.6
2601.546
80.884
J-64
0
0
130.465
J-65 300 Bed Residence
4557.6
3988.333
120.289
J-66 Reynolds Residence Hall
2321.6
2018.849
130.269
J-67
0
0
89.97
J-68 Dodson Cafeteria
2692
2406.666
89.802
J-69
Stillwell Bldg
4609.6
4056.035
111.974
Page 6
29.775
29.224
29.012
117.541
23.641
106.877
106.945
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.29
0.09
0.27
0.27
96.66
0.25
29.075
99.743
93.919
94.999
93.076
92.625
112.481
86.76
99.651
67.563
86.963
29.112
85.711
87.068
86.279
0.1
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.28
0.23
0.25
0.18
0.23
0.1
0.22
0.23
0.22
88.583
88.603
94.442
71.313
87.121
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.19
0.23
71.254
77.056
0.19
0.2
115.557
86.982
74.609
74.671
70.891
0.29
0.23
0.2
0.2
0.19
74.059
93.943
93.368
0.2
0.24
0.24
65.649
66.496
0.18
0.18
66.463
114.774
0.18
0.29
66.439
66.385
110.963
0.18
0.18
0.28
66.184
115.765
105.589
0.18
0.29
0.27
115.569
75.27
75.102
97.274
0.29
0.2
0.2
0.25
1 Present Western Carolina Steam.txt
J-7 Old Student Union
302.4
262.612
132.451
J-71
Plant Load
10032.8
8701.221
134.628
J-8
0
0
132.011
J-9
0
0
101.703
I-RV-1
0
0
134.654
O-RV-2
0
0
44.699
Stm Plt
Steam Plant
0
0
134.7
O-RV-1
0
0
44.699
I-RV-2
0
0
129.469
117.751
119.928
117.311
87.003
119.954
29.999
119.999
29.999
114.769
0.29
0.3
0.29
0.23
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.29
* adjacent to density column designates the use of default density in low pressure
region
THE NET SYSTEM LOAD = 99921.6
LB/HR
SUMMARY OF INFLOWS(+) AND OUTFLOWS(-)
___________________________________________________________
PIPE NO.
MASS FLOW (LB/HR)
FPN LABEL
FPN TITLE
___________________________________________________________
Stm Plt
99921.599
Stm Plt
Stm Plt
___________________________________________________________
Regulating Valve Results:
_________________________________________________________________________________
RV
Set
Status
U/S
D/S
Flow
Name
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Rate
_________________________________________________________________________________
RV-1
30
Open
119.9
29.9
1404
RV-2
30
Open
114.7
29.9
6511
_________________________________________________________________________________
MAXIMUM MACH NUMBER =
0.143
IN LINE NO. P-34
******* END OF THIS CASE *******
Page 7
*** STEAM2000 ***
STEAM DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ANALYSIS
VERSION 2.0 - June 1999
COPYRIGHT - J. E. FUNK, D. J. WOOD, 1999
INPUT DATA FILE NAME FOR THIS CASE =
P:\2005PR~1\205204~1\CALCUL~1\Mech\PIPE20~1\Runs\5_Future.DAT
OUTPUT FILE NAME FOR THIS CASE =
P:\2005PR~1\205204~1\CALCUL~1\Mech\PIPE20~1\Runs\5_Future.OT2
DATE FOR THIS COMPUTER RUN - 08-04-2006
NUMBER OF PIPES = 95
NUMBER OF JUNCTION NODES = 93
STEAM CONDITIONS - SATURATED VAPOR
SPECIFIED STEAM LOAD UNITS = LB/HR
GLOBAL LOAD FACTOR = 0.8
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE = 14.7 PSIA
REFERENCE PRESSURE = 125 PSIG
REFERENCE DENSITY = 0.314 LB/ft^3
CLOSED LINES - PIPE NOS:
P-34
**** SUMMARY OF INPUT DATA ***
______________________________________________________________
PIPE
NODE
NODE
LENGTH
DIAM. ROUGHNESS
SUM-M
NO.
#1
#2
(feet)
(in.) (millifeet) FACT.
______________________________________________________________
P-1
J-4
J-1
355 6.065
1
0
P-10
J-12
J-10
483 8.071
1
0
P-11
J-14
J-12
15 8.071
1
0
P-12
J-12
J-13
260 5.047
1
0
P-13
J-14
J-11
163 3.068
1
0
P-14
J-15
J-14
176 8.071
1
0
P-15
J-19
J-57
19 6.065
1
0
P-16 O-RV-2
J-4
997 8.071
1
0
P-17
J-19
J-71
614 6.065
1
0
P-18
J-35
J-28
176 10.14
1
0
P-19
J-22
J-30
103 10.14
1
0
P-2
J-4
J-3
13 4.026
1
0
P-20
J-20
J-22
225 3.068
1
0
P-21
J-23
J-32
78 10.14
1
0
P-22
J-25
J-94
85 10.14
1
0
P-23
J-28
J-27
53 6.065
1
0
P-24
J-28
J-22
163 10.14
1
0
P-25
J-30
J-69
131 4.026
1
0
P-26
J-30
J-23
149 10.14
1
0
P-27
J-32
J-45
208 8.071
1
0
P-28
J-32
J-33
216 8.071
1
0
P-29
J-33
J-34
68 3.068
1
0
P-3
J-4
J-2
204 4.026
1
0
P-30
J-33
J-39
761 8.071
1
0
P-31
J-36
J-40
321 4.026
1
0
P-32
J-35
J-18
27 3.068
1
0
P-33
P-34
P-35
P-36
P-37
P-38
P-39
P-4
P-40
P-41
P-42
P-43
P-44
P-45
P-46
P-47
P-48
P-49
P-5
P-50
P-51
P-52
P-53
P-54
P-55
P-56
P-57
P-58
P-59
P-6
P-60
P-61
P-62
P-63
P-64
P-65
P-66
P-67
P-68
P-69
P-7
P-70
P-71
P-72
P-73
P-74
P-75
P-76
P-77
P-78
P-79
P-8
P-80
P-81
P-82
P-83
P-84
J-30
J-39
J-39
J-39
J-36
J-41
J-44
J-16
J-44
J-45
J-46
J-47
J-47
J-49
J-49
J-20
J-51
J-51
J-8
J-52
J-55
J-55
J-46
J-38
J-38
J-58
J-58
J-61
J-61
J-9
J-91
J-71
J-15
R-1
J-6
J-16
J-62
J-62
J-64
J-64
J-8
J-67
J-67
J-69
J-47
J-6
J-72
J-72
J-62
J-21
R-1
J-10
J-77
J-77
J-77
J-79
J-79
J-37
J-49
J-36
J-41
J-42
J-47
J-43
J-6
J-55
J-31
J-84
J-44
J-9
J-52
J-67
J-26
J-79
J-82
J-64
J-38
J-45
J-56
J-48
J-61
J-58
J-59
J-60
J-19
J-63
J-50
J-94
J-87
J-91
J-95
I-RV-2
J-72
J-17
J-65
J-5
J-66
J-16
J-51
J-68
J-77
J-52
J-70
J-62
J-73
J-74
J-89
J-92
J-8
J-29
J-78
J-80
J-54
J-81
190
227
157
227
201
116
14
225
661
232
59
240
103
162
209
181
300
106
410
458
215
88
13
267
286
19
136
329
450
18
403
286
354
63
4
265
119
852
99
125
278
119
56
192
261
26
115
42
28
115
415
181
16
91
392
113
126
3.068
10.14
6.065
8.071
4.026
8.071
4.026
6.065
6.065
3.068
6.065
6.065
6.065
6.065
6.065
1.61
5.047
6.065
4.026
6.065
8.071
3.068
4.026
6.065
6.065
6.065
6.065
6.065
6.065
6.065
12.09
5.047
8.071
6.065
6.065
4.026
3.068
4.026
3.068
4.026
6.065
6.065
4.026
4.026
10.14
6.065
4.026
6.065
4.026
2.469
12.09
8.071
4.026
6.065
4.026
5.047
6.065
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P-85
P-86
P-87
P-88
P-9
P-91
P-92
P-95
P-97
P-98
J-82
J-82
J-84
J-21
J-10
J-87
J-87
J-92
J-24
J-94
J-46
J-83
J-53
J-90
J-7
J-88
J-21
J-91
J-23
J-35
343
36
109
67
46
73
95
90
66
77
6.065
6.065
5.047
2.469
3.068
5.047
2.469
12.09
4.026
10.14
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
_____________________________________________________________
Junction
Node Title
Load
FPN-Pres.
Node No.
( LB/HR )
(psig)
_____________________________________________________________
J-1 Harrill Residence Hall
3497
J-10
0
J-11 Madison Residence Hall
1269
J-12
0
J-13
Moore Building
3017
J-14
0
J-15
0
J-16
0
J-17 Buchanan Residence Hall
0
J-18
Church
1373
J-19
0
J-2 Albright-Benton Residence Hall
2321
J-20
0
J-21
0
J-22
0
J-23
0
J-24
Hoey Auditorium
1112
J-25 New Student Housing-200 Beds
2550
J-26
Graham Bldg
644
J-27
Hunter Library
7507
J-28
0
J-29 Natural Science Building
3708
J-3 Alright-Benton Residence Hall 1
2321
J-30
0
J-31
Killian Annex
1557
J-32
0
J-33
0
J-34
McKee Building
2667
J-35
0
J-36
0
J-37
Bird Bldg
728
J-38
0
J-39
0
J-4
0
J-40
Coulter Building
3718
J-41
0
J-42
Forsyth Building
3183
J-43 Hinds University Center
J-44
J-45
J-46
J-47
J-48 Leatherwood Residence Hall
J-49
J-5 Robertson Residence Hall
J-50
Reid Gym
J-51
J-52
J-53
Belk Building
J-54
New Dining Hall
J-55
J-56
Killian Building
J-57 Fine & Performing Arts
J-58
J-59
Scott Residence Hall
J-6
J-60
Walker Residence Hall
J-61
J-62
J-63 H.F. Robinson Admin Bldg
2469
0
0
0
0
0
0
1637
11340
0
0
5453
4307
0
2657
7905
0
7103
0
3491
0
0
3612
J-64
0
J-65
300 Bed Residence
5697
J-66 Reynolds Residence Hall
2902
J-67
0
J-68
Dodson Cafeteria
0
J-69
Stillwell Bldg
5762
J-7
Old Student Union
378
J-70
New Classroom B
6240
J-71
0
J-72
0
J-73
New Classroom C
6240
J-74
Private Space
3443
J-77
0
J-78 New Student Housing-400 Beds
6120
J-79
0
J-8
0
J-80
New Private Space
3417
J-81 Student Housing-400 Beds E
6885
J-82
0
J-83 Student Housing-400 Beds
6120
J-84
0
J-87
0
J-88 Shops/Restaurants/Commercial
5745
J-89 Mountain Heritage Museum
546
J-9
0
J-90
Office/Private
2007
J-91
J-92
J-94
J-95
R-1
O-RV-2
I-RV-2
New Steam Plant Load
New Steam Plant
THERE IS A PRV IN LINE RV-2
0
0
0
17300
0
0
0
U/S NODE = I-RV-2
120
SET PRESSURE =
30
PSIG
================================================================================
**** THE RESULTS FOR THIS CASE FOLLOW ****
Convergence Accuracy = 0
Pipe Results:
________________________________________________________________________________
PIPE
NODE
NODE
FLOW
LOSS
VELOCITY DENSITY FRICTION AREA
NO.
#1
#2
(LB/HR)
(PSI)
(FT/S) (LB/CU FT) FACTOR RATIO
________________________________________________________________________________
P-1
J-4
J-1
2797.6
0.26
37.43
0.1
0.024 0.039
P-10
J-12
J-10
27740.8
2.89
78.46
0.27
0.021
0.08
P-11
J-14
J-12
30154.4
0.1
84.32
0.27
0.021 0.086
P-12
J-12
J-13
2413.6
0.14
17.24
0.27
0.025 0.017
P-13
J-14
J-11
1015.2
0.21
19.62
0.27
0.029
0.02
P-14
J-15
J-14
31169.6
1.3
86.69
0.28
0.021 0.088
P-15
J-19
J-57
6324
0.04
50.28
0.17
0.023 0.052
P-16 O-RV-2
J-4
6511.2
0.88
48.61
0.1
0.022 0.051
P-17
J-19
J-71
6638.399
1.53
53.29
0.17
0.023 0.055
P-18
J-35
J-28
87810.4
3.23
158.81
0.27
0.02 0.162
P-19
J-22
J-30
81289.599
1.68
153.13
0.26
0.02 0.156
P-2
J-4
J-3
1856.8
0.03
56.27
0.1
0.026 0.059
P-20
J-20
J-22
-515.201
0.08
-10.48
0.26
0.03
0.01
P-21
J-23
J-32
64611.999
0.82
124.4
0.25
0.02 0.127
P-22
J-25
J-94
-2040
0
-3.59
0.28
0.023 0.003
P-23
J-28
J-27
6005.6
0.06
30.58
0.27
0.023 0.031
P-24
J-28
J-22
81804.799
2.65
151.38
0.26
0.02 0.154
P-25
J-30
J-69
15205.6
10.3
191.72
0.24
0.026 0.195
P-26
J-30
J-23
65501.599
1.59
124.85
0.25
0.02 0.127
P-27
J-32
J-45
23950.523
1
73.18
0.25
0.021 0.075
P-28
J-32
J-33
40661.476
3.04
125.63
0.25
0.021 0.128
P-29
J-33
J-34
2133.6
0.43
46.16
0.25
0.028 0.047
P-3
J-4
J-2
1856.8
0.58
56.6
0.1
0.026 0.059
P-30
J-33
J-39
38527.876
10.2
126.21
0.23
0.021 0.129
P-31
J-36
J-40
2974.4
1.06
41.22
0.22
0.026 0.042
P-32
J-35
J-18
1098.4
0.04
21.3
0.27
0.029 0.021
P-33
J-30
J-37
582.4
0.09
12
0.26
0.029 0.012
LINE NO.P-34
IS SHUT OFF
P-35
J-39
J-36
5520.8
0.2
33.5
0.22
0.023 0.034
P-36
J-39
J-41
33007.076
2.36
114.62
0.22
0.021 0.118
P-37
J-36
J-42
2546.4
0.48
35.18
0.22
0.026 0.036
P-38
P-39
P-4
P-40
P-41
P-42
P-43
P-44
P-45
P-46
P-47
P-48
P-49
P-5
P-50
P-51
P-52
P-53
P-54
P-55
P-56
P-57
P-58
P-59
P-6
P-60
P-61
P-62
P-63
P-64
P-65
P-66
P-67
P-68
P-69
P-7
P-70
P-71
P-72
P-73
P-74
P-75
P-76
P-77
P-78
P-79
P-8
P-80
P-81
P-82
P-83
P-84
P-85
P-86
P-87
P-88
P-9
J-41
J-44
J-16
J-44
J-45
J-46
J-47
J-47
J-49
J-49
J-20
J-51
J-51
J-8
J-52
J-55
J-55
J-46
J-38
J-38
J-58
J-58
J-61
J-61
J-9
J-91
J-71
J-15
R-1
J-6
J-16
J-62
J-62
J-64
J-64
J-8
J-67
J-67
J-69
J-47
J-6
J-72
J-72
J-62
J-21
R-1
J-10
J-77
J-77
J-77
J-79
J-79
J-82
J-82
J-84
J-21
J-10
J-47
J-43
J-6
J-55
J-31
J-84
J-44
J-9
J-52
J-67
J-26
J-79
J-82
J-64
J-38
J-45
J-56
J-48
J-61
J-58
J-59
J-60
J-19
J-63
J-50
J-94
J-87
J-91
J-95
I-RV-2
J-72
J-17
J-65
J-5
J-66
J-16
J-51
J-68
J-77
J-52
J-70
J-62
J-73
J-74
J-89
J-92
J-8
J-29
J-78
J-80
J-54
J-81
J-46
J-83
J-53
J-90
J-7
33007.076
1975.199
11503.2
-20579.324
1245.6
4362.4
-18604.124
9072
-18212
18212
515.2
8953.6
9258.4
3631.2
24327.199
-22704.924
2125.6
0
15851.999
8475.199
5682.4
2792.8
12962.399
2889.599
9072
90948.799
6638.4
-31169.601
13840
6511.2
12304
0
4557.6
1309.6
2321.6
23807.2
18212
0
10596
42539.2
4992
7312
4992
2754.4
436.8
122118.4
27438.4
2966.4
4896
2733.6
3445.6
5508
4362.4
4896
4362.4
1605.6
302.4
1.23
0.02
1.12
11.3
0.5
0.05
3.59
0.37
2.43
3.23
1.98
3.11
0.44
1.69
13.09
0.94
0.55
0
3.53
1.06
0.03
0.05
3.02
0.2
0.06
3.02
1.91
2.59
0.38
0
13.99
0
6.92
0.22
0.21
5.78
1.89
0
7.88
1.4
0.02
2.29
0.04
0.08
0.15
5.41
1.07
0.05
0.09
1.12
0.17
0.19
0.32
0.04
0.26
1.21
0
116.67
27.17
61.89
-118.75
26.48
30.33
-115.11
57.1
-117.77
121.29
38.37
90.83
64.02
42.35
166.9
-69.95
45.57
0
119.13
62.61
42.23
20.75
101.29
22.13
57.22
111.38
78.75
-85.42
63.4
35.17
159.68
0
66.45
26.5
27.28
124.81
124.68
0
144.5
96.41
26.97
102
30.28
38.79
22.74
143.92
78.83
41.84
30.43
38.75
35.54
39.35
30.27
33.92
43.89
84.35
5.97
0.22
0.22
0.25
0.23
0.25
0.19
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.2
0.26
0.19
0.2
0.26
0.2
0.25
0.25
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.18
0.21
0.28
0.16
0.28
0.3
0.25
0.24
0.22
0.21
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.2
0.2
0.23
0.21
0.25
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.16
0.29
0.27
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.15
0.27
0.021
0.026
0.023
0.023
0.029
0.024
0.023
0.023
0.023
0.023
0.035
0.024
0.023
0.026
0.023
0.021
0.028
0
0.023
0.023
0.023
0.024
0.023
0.024
0.023
0.019
0.024
0.021
0.023
0.023
0.026
0
0.026
0.029
0.026
0.023
0.023
0
0.026
0.02
0.024
0.026
0.024
0.026
0.031
0.019
0.021
0.026
0.024
0.026
0.025
0.023
0.024
0.024
0.025
0.03
0.031
0.12
0.028
0.063
0.122
0.027
0.031
0.118
0.059
0.121
0.125
0.039
0.094
0.066
0.043
0.171
0.071
0.046
0
0.123
0.065
0.043
0.021
0.105
0.023
0.059
0.113
0.082
0.087
0.064
0.036
0.163
0
0.068
0.027
0.028
0.127
0.128
0
0.148
0.099
0.027
0.105
0.031
0.04
0.023
0.146
0.08
0.043
0.031
0.04
0.036
0.04
0.031
0.035
0.045
0.088
0.006
P-91
P-92
P-95
P-97
P-98
R-1
RV-2
J-87
J-87
J-92
J-24
J-94
R-1
I-RV-2
J-88
J-21
J-91
J-23
J-35
R-1
O-RV-2
4596
2042.4
122118.4
-889.6
88908.799
135958.4
6511.2
0.23
2.72
1.2
0.01
1.42
0
0
55.26
104.53
147.51
-10.8
157.9
0.02
0
0.16
0.16
0.28
0.25
0.27
0.3
0.1
0.025
0.03
0.019
0.027
0.02
0.02
0.044
0.057
0.108
0.15
0.011
0.16
0
0
Node Results:
________________________________________________________________________________
Junction
Node
Load
Load
Pressure
Pressure Density
No.
Title
(LB/HR)
M-BTU/HR
(PSIA)
(PSIG) (LB/ft^3)
________________________________________________________________________________
J-1 Harrill Residence Hall
2797.6
2610.512
J-10
0
0
J-11 Madison Residence Hall
1015.2
886.307
J-12
0
0
J-13
Moore Building
2413.6
2107.202
J-14
0
0
J-15
0
0
J-16
0
0
J-17 Buchanan Residence Hall
0
0
J-18
Church
1098.4
959.169
J-19
0
0
J-2 Albright-Benton Residence Hall
1856.8
1733.264
J-20
0
0
J-21
0
0
J-22
0
0
J-23
0
0
J-24 Hoey Auditorium
889.6
781.475
J-25 New Student Housing-200 Beds
2040
1779.76
J-26
Graham Bldg
515.2
452.21
J-27
Hunter Library
6005.6
5255.319
J-28
0
0
J-29 Natural Science Building
2966.4
2636.182
J-3 Alright-Benton Residence Hall 1
1856.8
1732.164
J-30
0
0
J-31
Killian Annex
1245.6
1095.905
J-32
0
0
J-33
0
0
J-34
McKee Building
2133.6
1879.691
J-35
0
0
J-36
0
0
J-37
Bird Bldg
582.4
511.096
J-38
0
0
J-39
0
0
J-4
0
0
J-40 Coulter Building
2974.4
2640.782
J-41
0
0
43.545
121.179
28.845
106.479
0.1
0.27
123.961
124.073
123.932
124.178
125.487
114.318
109.261
109.373
109.232
109.478
110.787
99.618
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.25
98.032
123.592
75.717
83.332
108.892
61.017
0.22
0.27
0.17
43.229
117.663
69.547
117.746
114.46
114.442
28.529
102.963
54.847
103.046
99.76
99.742
0.1
0.26
0.16
0.26
0.25
0.25
125.056
115.676
120.333
120.402
110.356
100.976
105.633
105.702
0.28
0.26
0.27
0.27
97.808
83.108
0.22
43.775
116.059
112.124
113.637
110.594
110.154
123.634
100.179
115.968
82.284
100.384
43.812
99.117
98.016
29.075
101.359
97.424
98.937
95.894
95.454
108.934
85.479
101.268
67.584
85.684
29.112
84.417
83.316
0.1
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.27
0.22
0.26
0.18
0.22
0.1
0.22
0.22
J-42 Forsyth Building
2546.4
J-43 Hinds University Center
1975.2
J-44
0
J-45
0
J-46
0
J-47
0
J-48 Leatherwood Residence Hall
0
J-49
0
J-5 Robertson Residence Hall
1309.6
J-50
Reid Gym
9072
J-51
0
J-52
0
J-53
Belk Building
4362.4
J-54 New Dining Hall
3445.6
J-55
0
J-56 Killian Building
2125.6
J-57 Fine & Performing Arts
6324
J-58
0
J-59 Scott Residence Hall
5682.4
J-6
0
J-60 Walker Residence Hall
2792.8
J-61
0
J-62
0
J-63 H.F. Robinson Admin Bldg
2889.6
J-64
0
J-65 300 Bed Residence
4557.6
J-66 Reynolds Residence Hall
2321.6
J-67
0
J-68 Dodson Cafeteria
0
J-69
Stillwell Bldg
4609.6
J-7 Old Student Union
302.4
J-70 New Classroom B
4992
J-71
0
J-72
0
J-73 New Classroom C
4992
J-74
Private Space
2754.4
J-77
0
J-78 New Student Housing-400 Beds
4896
J-79
0
J-8
0
J-80 New Private Space
2733.6
J-81 Student Housing-400 Beds E
5508
J-82
0
J-83 Student Housing-400 Beds
4896
J-84
0
J-87
0
2259.851
99.692
84.992
0.22
1752.084
0
0
0
0
100.362
100.382
112.632
87.049
96.783
85.662
85.682
97.932
72.349
82.083
0.22
0.22
0.25
0.19
0.22
0
0
87.049
92.944
72.349
78.244
0.19
0.21
1147.597
8070.758
0
0
3909.3
3093.092
0
1871.402
118.178
96.343
87.813
95.378
86.725
84.516
111.691
111.131
103.478
81.643
73.113
80.678
72.025
69.816
96.991
96.431
0.26
0.21
0.2
0.21
0.19
0.19
0.25
0.25
5718.206
0
75.674
81.217
60.974
66.517
0.17
0.18
5114.694
0
81.185
113.197
66.485
98.497
0.18
0.25
2513.832
0
0
81.16
78.747
98.032
66.46
64.047
83.332
0.18
0.18
0.22
2606.55
0
4070.465
78.539
118.405
91.11
63.839
103.705
76.41
0.18
0.26
0.2
2034.392
0
0
4073.361
264.477
4388.98
0
0
4428.363
2447.527
0
118.191
89.708
89.708
105.75
121.173
113.172
74.185
100.328
100.283
97.951
97.862
103.491
75.008
75.008
91.05
106.473
98.472
59.485
85.628
85.583
83.251
83.162
0.26
0.2
0.2
0.24
0.27
0.25
0.17
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
4351.116
0
0
2431.194
97.765
84.695
120.101
96.74
83.065
69.995
105.401
82.04
0.22
0.19
0.27
0.22
4944.551
0
84.502
87.372
69.802
72.672
0.19
0.19
4385.414
0
0
87.329
86.994
72.27
72.629
72.294
57.57
0.19
0.19
0.16
J-88 Shops/Restaurants/Commercial
4596
4168.723
J-89 Mountain Heritage Museum
436.8
397.112
J-9
0
0
J-90
Office/Private
1605.6
1461.096
J-91
0
0
J-92
0
0
J-94
0
0
J-95 New Steam Plant Load
13840 12005.417
R-1 New Steam Plant
0
0
O-RV-2
0
0
I-RV-2
0
0
72.031
57.331
0.16
69.389
96.409
68.328
128.08
129.285
125.057
54.689
81.709
53.628
113.38
114.585
110.357
0.16
0.21
0.15
0.28
0.29
0.28
134.313
134.7
44.699
113.19
119.613
119.999
29.999
98.49
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.25
* adjacent to density column designates the use of default density in low
pressure region
THE NET SYSTEM LOAD = 135958.4
LB/HR
SUMMARY OF INFLOWS(+) AND OUTFLOWS(-)
___________________________________________________________
PIPE NO.
MASS FLOW (LB/HR)
FPN LABEL
FPN TITLE
___________________________________________________________
R-1
135958.4
R-1
R-1
___________________________________________________________
Regulating Valve Results:
________________________________________________________________________________
_
RV
Set
Status
U/S
D/S
Flow
Name
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Rate
________________________________________________________________________________
_
RV-2
30
Open
98.4
30
6511
________________________________________________________________________________
_
MAXIMUM MACH NUMBER =
0.137
IN LINE NO. P-25
******* END OF THIS CASE *******
Economic Analysis of Condensate Line Repair
Base
Existing CR
Option #2
Repair CR
Option Cost
$
-
$
434,617
Net Cost
$
-
$
434,617
M/U water #/yr
92,803,896
M/U water energy (btu)
M/U water energy $
35,693,806
15,905,262,047
$
M/U water (gal/yr)
111,337
6,117,408,480
$
11,135,277
42,822
4,282,799
M/U water $
$
34,519.36
$
M/U chemicals
$
16,369
$
6,296
Annual Op Cost
$
162,225
$
62,394
Energy savings (btu/yr)
9,787,853,568
% energy savings (vs total)
Yearly Operating Cost Savings
Simple Payback in Years
Data:
142,775,225
0.65
0.25
0.047
0.007
70
62.34
3.1
1.47
Western Carolina University
Steam & Water Master Plan
13,276.68
6.56%
$
99,831
4.35
Current steam production
Current M/U %
Future M/U %
$/kWh for electricity
$/CF for gas
% Gas boiler efficiency
lb/ft3 water density at 60F
$/1000 gal for water
$/1000 gal for chem
Wiley & Wilson
Comm. No. 205204.00
H
F-XC A N GE
H
F-XC A N GE
N
y
bu
to
k
lic
c u-tr a c k
November 1, 2006
Comm. No. 205204.00
Base Case
Existing Connected Loads
.d o
m
w
.c
o
Western Carolina University
Utility Master Plan
Steam Production and Distribution
C
m
.c
o
.d o
w
w
w
w
w
C
lic
k
to
bu
y
N
O
W
!
PD
O
W
!
PD
c u-tr a c k
H
F-XC A N GE
H
F-XC A N GE
N
y
bu
November 1, 2006
Comm. No. 205204.00
Future Recommended Case
Future Loads
lic
.d o
m
w
.c
o
Western Carolina University
Utility Master Plan
Steam Production and Distribution
k
to
c u-tr a c k
C
m
.c
o
.d o
w
w
w
w
w
C
lic
k
to
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N
O
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PD
O
W
!
PD
c u-tr a c k
Economic Analysis of Individual Electric Boilers
Base
Bldg Elec Blrs
Option #2
New Boiler Plt
Option Cost
$
11,529,740
Boiler replacement @ 15 yrs
$
3,458,922
$
Net Cost
$
14,988,662
$
Annual energy
$
2,166,862
$
Boiler Maint. Every 7 yrs
$651,990
M/U water #/yr
22,586,835
M/U water energy (btu)
M/U water energy $
12,134,488
M/U water (gal/yr)
37,316
1,573,510
37,644,725
2,709,742,595
$
12,786,478
6,451,768,083
$
2,710,130
45,162
4,516,884
M/U water $
$
8,401.40
$
14,002.34
Annual PM Cost
$
12,800
$
7,161
M/U chemicals
$
3,984
$
6,640
Annual Op Cost
$
2,229,362
$
1,646,476
Yearly Operating Cost Savings
Data:
0.047
0.007
70%
62.34
3.1
1.47
$
582,887
No Payback
Simple Payback in Years
$/kWh for electricity
$/CF for gas
Gas Boiler efficiency
lb/ft3 water density at 60F
$/1000 gal for water
$/1000 gal for chem
Western Carolina University
Steam & Water Master Plan
Wiley & Wilson
Comm. No. 205204.00
CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY
LABOR, MATERIAL, AND EQUIPMENT COST
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Future Steam to Future Bldgs
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
DESIGN STATUS: Conceptual
FORM #507-6/98
Architects Engineers Planners
COMM. NO.
DATE
205204.00
10/30/06
TOTAL
LABOR
COST
$25,134
$0
$0
$0
$467,995
$0
$0
$0
$0
TOTAL
EQUIPMENT
COST
$20,098
$0
$0
$0
$17,597
$0
$0
$0
$0
$493,129
SUBTOTAL
$775,145
CONTINGENCY
30%
$232,544
$147,939
SUBTOTAL
$1,007,689
$641,068
MATERIAL TAX
4.5%
$45,346
$0
EQUIPMENT TAX
4.5%
LABOR MARK UP
25%
$0
$0
$641,068
SUBTOTAL
$1,053,035
OVERHEAD
15%
SUBTOTAL
PROFIT
10%
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST (ENTIRE PROJECT)
SITE ADJUSTMENT
3%
(labor, material storage and handling)
(labor, clearances, parking, site delays)
DESIGN FEES
10%
Escalation
0 Months @
2.5% on
$2,190,725
GRAND TOTAL
$37,695
$0
$37,695
$0
$1,305,969
$380,483
$1,686,452
$45,346
$0
$37,695
$0
$1,731,798
$259,770
$1,991,568
$199,157
$2,190,725
$54,768
DESCRIPTION
CIVIL
ARCHITECTURAL
STRUCTURAL
PLUMBING
MECHANICAL
ELECTRICAL
TOTAL
MATERIAL
COST
$23,382
$0
$0
$0
$751,763
$0
$0
$0
$0
Wiley & Wilson
TOTAL
COST
$68,614
$0
$0
$0
$1,237,355
$0
$0
$0
$0
$219,072
$2,190,725
$54,768
$2,519,333
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Future Steam to Future Bldgs
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
DATE
Description
Unit
Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Total
Unit
Cost
Subtotal
Cost
CIVIL
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: MR
Design Status: Conceptual
1. Mobilization (overall)
EA
1
$10,000.00
$10,000
$75.50
$76
$175.00
$175
$10,250.50
$10,251
2. Trench Excavation & Backfill
LF
2,175
$0.00
$0
$6.60
$14,355
$4.40
$9,570
$11.00
$23,925
3. Inlet Protection
EA
10
$50.00
$500
$50.00
$500
$0.00
$0
$100.00
$1,000
4. Pipe Bedding
CY
402
$4.21
$1,692
$7.00
$2,814
$4.50
$1,809
$15.71
$6,315
5. Pavement Removal
SY
800
$0.00
$0
$2.97
$2,376
$1.99
$1,592
$4.96
$3,968
6. Concrete Sidewalk Removal
SY
300
$0.00
$0
$4.90
$1,470
$3.28
$984
$8.18
$2,454
7. Rubbish Handling (10 mile haul)
CY
60
$0.00
$0
$9.80
$588
$8.71
$523
$18.51
$1,111
8. Dump Charges
TN
10
$70.00
$700
$0.00
$0
$0.00
$0
$70.00
$700
9. Asphalt Pavement
SY
800
$11.00
$8,800
$2.20
$1,760
$6.60
$5,280
$19.80
$15,840
10. Concrete Sidewalk
SF
300
$3.30
$990
$1.65
$495
$0.55
$165
$5.50
$1,650
11. Light Grading & Seeding
SY
300
$1.00
$300
$1.00
$300
$0.00
$0
$2.00
$600
12. Restore Landscaping
LS
2
$200.00
$400
$200.00
$400
$0.00
$0
$400.00
$800
TOTAL CIVIL
$23,382
$25,134
$20,098
$68,614
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Future Steam to Future Bldgs
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
DATE
Description
Unit
Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Total
Unit
Cost
Subtotal
Cost
MECHANICAL
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: DAN
Design Status: Conceptual
1. Precast Concrete Vault
EA
10
$22,000.00
$220,000
$13,200.00
$132,000
$660.00
$6,600
$35,860.00
$358,600
2. 6" Pre-Insulated Steam Piping System
LF
1,415
$135.00
$191,025
$80.00
$113,200
$2.00
$2,830
$217.00
$307,055
3. 4" Pre-Insulated Steam Piping System
LF
420
$115.00
$48,300
$50.00
$21,000
$1.85
$777
$166.85
$70,077
4. 2" Pre-Insulated Steam Piping System
LF
340
$85.00
$28,900
$35.00
$11,900
$1.75
$595
$121.75
$41,395
5. 3" Pre-Insulated Cond Piping System
LF
1,415
$53.43
$75,603
$45.00
$63,675
$1.98
$2,802
$100.41
$142,080
6. 2" Pre-Insulated Cond Piping System
LF
420
$45.00
$18,900
$35.00
$14,700
$1.75
$735
$81.75
$34,335
7. 1" Pre-Insulated Cond Piping System
LF
340
$38.00
$12,920
$20.00
$6,800
$1.50
$510
$59.50
$20,230
8. 6" Pre-Insulated Field Joint/End Seal
EA
50
$260.70
$13,035
$85.00
$4,250
$5.40
$270
$351.10
$17,555
9. 4" Pre-Insulated Field Joint/End Seal
EA
20
$253.00
$5,060
$75.00
$1,500
$5.08
$102
$333.08
$6,662
10. 3" Pre-Insulated Field Joint/End Seal
EA
50
$242.00
$12,100
$70.00
$3,500
$4.18
$209
$316.18
$15,809
11. 2" Pre-Insulated Field Joint/End Seal
EA
29
$235.00
$6,815
$65.00
$1,885
$3.85
$112
$303.85
$8,812
12. 6" Class 250 Gate Valve
EA
5
$2,825.00
$14,125
$330.00
$1,650
$0.00
$0
$3,155.00
$15,775
13. 4" Class 250 Gate Valve
EA
2
$1,675.00
$3,350
$220.00
$440
$0.00
$0
$1,895.00
$3,790
14. 2" Class 250 Gate Valve
EA
2
$890.00
$1,780
$50.00
$100
$0.00
$0
$940.00
$1,880
15. 3" Class 150 Gate Valve
EA
5
$920.00
$4,600
$140.00
$700
$0.00
$0
$1,060.00
$5,300
16. 2" Class 150 Gate Valve
EA
2
$650.00
$1,300
$45.00
$90
$0.00
$0
$695.00
$1,390
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Future Steam to Future Bldgs
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
Description
Unit
Quantity
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
2
5
5
3
3
10
10
10
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Material
Cost
Unit
COMM. NO.
DATE
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
Design Status: Conceptual
$2,640
$0.00
$1,000
$0.00
$625
$0.00
$660
$20.00
$480
$15.00
$3,500
$0.00
$2,250
$0.00
$3,500
$125.00
$2,200
$70.00
$7,500
$0.00
$7,500
$0.00
$3,750
$0.00
$3,750
$0.00
$7,500
$0.00
$7,500
$0.00
$7,500
$0.00
$5,000
$0.00
$3,750
$0.00
$7,500
$0.00
$5,000
$0.00
$7,500
$0.00
$0
$0
$0
$60
$45
$0
$0
$1,250
$700
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
Total
Unit
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Subtotal
Cost
MECHANICAL
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
Calculation by: JPH
Steam Trap Assembly
6" Expansion Joint
4" Expansion Joint
Pipe Anchor for 6" Pre-Insul Pipe
Pipe Anchor for 4" Pre-Insul Pipe
Pipe Sleeve/Link Seal for 6" Pre-Insul
Pipe Sleeve/Link Seal for 4" Pre-Insul
Core Drill for 6" Pre-Insul Pipe
Core Drill for 4" Pre-Insul Pipe
Steam Conn to New Classroom B
Steam Conn to New Classroom C
Connection to Mount Heritage Museum
Connection to Office/Private
Connection to Shops/Rest/Commer
Steam Connection to Student Housing I
Steam Connection to Student Housing E
Steam Conn to New Private Space H
Conn to Student Housing J-200 Beds
Conn to Student Housing J-400 Beds
Steam Connection to Dodson Cafeteria
Steam Connection to New Dining Hall
TOTAL MECHANICAL
Checked by: DAN
$1,100.00
$2,200
$740.00
$3,700
$630.00
$3,150
$650.00
$1,950
$500.00
$1,500
$450.00
$4,500
$320.00
$3,200
$0.00
$0
$0.00
$0
$7,500.00
$7,500
$7,500.00
$7,500
$3,750.00
$3,750
$3,750.00
$3,750
$7,500.00
$7,500
$7,500.00
$7,500
$7,500.00
$7,500
$5,000.00
$5,000
$3,750.00
$3,750
$7,500.00
$7,500
$5,000.00
$5,000
$7,500.00
$7,500
$845,713
$1,320.00
$200.00
$125.00
$220.00
$160.00
$350.00
$225.00
$350.00
$220.00
$7,500.00
$7,500.00
$3,750.00
$3,750.00
$7,500.00
$7,500.00
$7,500.00
$5,000.00
$3,750.00
$7,500.00
$5,000.00
$7,500.00
$558,600
$19,652
$2,420.00
$940.00
$755.00
$890.00
$675.00
$800.00
$545.00
$475.00
$290.00
$15,000.00
$15,000.00
$7,500.00
$7,500.00
$15,000.00
$15,000.00
$15,000.00
$10,000.00
$7,500.00
$15,000.00
$10,000.00
$15,000.00
$4,840
$4,700
$3,775
$2,670
$2,025
$8,000
$5,450
$4,750
$2,900
$15,000
$15,000
$7,500
$7,500
$15,000
$15,000
$15,000
$10,000
$7,500
$15,000
$10,000
$15,000
$1,668,189
CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY
LABOR, MATERIAL, AND EQUIPMENT COST
PROJECT: Western Carolina University New Boiler Plant
LOCATION: Cullowhee, North Carolina
DESIGN STATUS: Conceptual
FORM #507-6/98
Architects Engineers Planners
COMM. NO.
DATE
TOTAL
LABOR
COST
$277,065
$382,455
$93,587
$36,550
$968,800
$69,699
$0
$0
$0
TOTAL
EQUIPMENT
COST
$80,956
$27,000
$14,615
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
SUBTOTAL
$4,225,684 $1,828,156
CONTINGENCY
20%
$845,137
$365,631
SUBTOTAL
$5,070,821 $2,193,787
$0
MATERIAL TAX
4.5%
$228,187
EQUIPMENT TAX
4.5%
LABOR MARK UP
25%
$0
$548,447
SUBTOTAL
$5,299,008 $2,742,234
OVERHEAD
15%
SUBTOTAL
PROFIT
10%
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST (ENTIRE PROJECT)
SITE ADJUSTMENT
5.0%
(labor, material storage and handling)
(labor, clearances, parking, site delays)
DESIGN FEES
10.0%
Escalation
24 Months @ 2.5% on
$10,327,224
GRAND TOTAL
$122,571
$0
$122,571
$0
$5,516
$0
$122,571
DESCRIPTION
CIVIL
BUILDING SHELL
STRUCTURAL - PLATFORMS
PLUMBING
MECHANICAL
ELECTRICAL
TOTAL
MATERIAL
COST
$482,692
$426,015
$150,322
$48,300
$2,955,490
$162,865
$0
$0
$0
Wiley & Wilson
205204.00
10/30/06
TOTAL
COST
$840,713
$835,470
$258,524
$84,850
$3,924,290
$232,564
$0
$0
$0
$6,176,411
$1,210,768
$7,387,179
$228,187
$5,516
$548,447
$8,163,813
$1,224,572
$9,388,385
$938,839
$10,327,224
$516,361
$1,032,722
$10,327,224
$258,181
$12,134,488
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT:
Western Carolina University New Boiler Plant
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, North Carolina
Description
DATE
Unit Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Total
Unit
Cost
Subtotal
Cost
Civil
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: MJG
DESIGN STATUS:
Conceptual
1. Mobilization
LS
1
$0.00
$0
$15,000.00
$15,000
$5,000.00
$5,000
$20,000.00
$20,000
2. Borrow
CY
4,306
$3.00
$12,918
$3.00
$12,918
$3.00
$12,918
$9.00
$38,754
3. Excavation
CY
8,092
$0.00
$0
$4.00
$32,368
$3.00
$24,276
$7.00
$56,644
4. Fill
CY
12,398
$0.00
$0
$1.00
$12,398
$1.00
$12,398
$2.00
$24,796
5. Asphalt Pavement
SF
17,000
$1.42
$24,140
$0.16
$2,720
$0.21
$3,570
$1.79
$30,430
6. Light Grading/Seeding
SY
370
$0.68
$252
$0.55
$204
$0.00
$0
$1.23
$456
7. Concrete Sidewalk
CY
62
$106.00
$6,572
$50.50
$3,131
$0.35
$22
$156.85
$9,725
8. Trench Excavation
CY
3,700
$0.00
$0
$2.56
$9,472
$1.39
$5,143
$3.95
$14,615
9. 18" Corr Mtl Drainage Pipe
LF
40
$16.05
$642
$6.80
$272
$1.10
$44
$23.95
$958
10. 6" DI Water Line
LF
1,000
$15.65
$15,650
$8.60
$8,600
$3.35
$3,350
$27.60
$27,600
11. 6" DI Sewer Line
LF
700
$8.90
$6,230
$4.12
$2,884
$1.61
$1,127
$14.63
$10,241
12. 6" Gas Line Extension
LF
950
$17.35
$16,483
$4.19
$3,981
$1.64
$1,558
$23.18
$22,022
13. 12" Pre Insul HPS
LF
950
$170.00
$161,500
$74.00
$70,300
$5.30
$5,035
$249.30
$236,835
14. 8" Pre Insul HPS
LF
350
$115.00
$40,250
$51.00
$17,850
$3.64
$1,274
$169.64
$59,374
15. 6" Pre Insul PR
LF
950
$97.00
$92,150
$42.00
$39,900
$3.01
$2,860
$142.01
$134,910
16. 4" Pre Insul PR
LF
350
$70.00
$24,500
$22.00
$7,700
$2.47
$865
$94.47
$33,065
17. 12" Pre Insul 45 Deg EL
EA
2
$2,510.00
$5,020
$480.00
$960
$34.50
$69
$3,024.50
$6,049
18. 8" Pre Insul 45 Deg EL
EA
1
$1,740.00
$1,740
$320.00
$320
$23.00
$23
$2,083.00
$2,083
19. 6" Pre Insul 45 Deg EL
EA
2
$1,300.00
$2,600
$241.00
$482
$17.30
$35
$1,558.30
$3,117
FORM #507-6/98
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT:
Western Carolina University New Boiler Plant
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, North Carolina
Description
DATE
Unit Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
Total
Unit
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Subtotal
Cost
Civil
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: MJG
DESIGN STATUS:
Conceptual
20. 4" Pre Insul 45 Deg EL
EA
1
$1,053.00
$1,053
$207.00
$207
$23.00
$23
$1,283.00
$1,283
21. 8" Pre Insul 90 deg EL
EA
1
$1,313.00
$1,313
$320.00
$320
$23.00
$23
$1,656.00
$1,656
22. 4" Pre Insul 90 Deg EL
EA
1
$625.00
$625
$207.00
$207
$23.00
$23
$855.00
$855
24. 12" Class 300 Gate Valve
EA
1
$8,025.00
$8,025
$600.00
$600
$0.00
$0
$8,625.00
$8,625
24. 8" Class 300 Gate Valve
EA
1
$4,425.00
$4,425
$400.00
$400
$0.00
$0
$4,825.00
$4,825
25. 6" Class 150 Gate Valve
EA
1
$1,775.00
$1,775
$320.00
$320
$0.00
$0
$2,095.00
$2,095
26. 4" Class 150 Gate Valve
EA
1
$1,150.00
$1,150
$205.00
$205
$0.00
$0
$1,355.00
$1,355
27. Steam Trap Assembly
EA
4
$1,100.00
$4,400
$1,320.00
$5,280
$0.00
$0
$2,420.00
$9,680
28. 18" Pipe Sleeve/Link Seal
EA
3
$282.00
$846
$118.00
$354
$0.00
$0
$400.00
$1,200
29. 14" Pipe Sleeve/Link Seal
EA
3
$225.00
$675
$96.00
$288
$0.00
$0
$321.00
$963
30. 12" Pipe Sleeve/Link Seal
EA
3
$196.00
$588
$85.50
$257
$0.00
$0
$281.50
$845
31. 10" Pipe Sleeve/Link Seal
EA
3
$140.00
$420
$77.00
$231
$0.00
$0
$217.00
$651
32. 12" Expansion Joint
EA
2
$1,375.00
$2,750
$268.00
$536
$0.00
$0
$1,643.00
$3,286
33. Precast Concrete Manhole
EA
2
$22,000.00
$44,000
$13,200.00
$26,400
$660.00
$1,320
$35,860.00
$71,720
TOTAL CIVIL
FORM #507-6/98
$482,692
$277,065
$80,956
$840,713
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT:
Western Carolina University New Boiler Plant
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, North Carolina
Description
Unit
DATE
Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Total
Unit
Cost
Subtotal
Cost
BUILDING SHELL
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: MJG
Design Status:
Conceptual
1. Building shell - brick, block, steel
SF
5,400
$75.00
$405,000
$70.00
$378,000
$5.00
$27,000
$150.00
$810,000
2. Role-up Doors
EA
3
$6,750.00
$20,250
$360.00
$1,080
$0.00
$0
$7,110.00
$21,330
3. Office Area
SF
450
$1.70
$765
$7.50
$3,375
$0.00
$0
$9.20
$4,140
4.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
5.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
6.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
7.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
8.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
9.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
10.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
11.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
12.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
13.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
14.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
15.
$0
$0
$0
$0.00
$0
$426,015
$382,455
$27,000
TOTAL ARCHITECTURAL
FORM #507-6/98
$835,470
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT:
Western Carolina University New Boiler Plant
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, North Carolina
Description
DATE
Unit Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Total
Unit
Cost
Subtotal
Cost
STRUCTURAL
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: MJG
1. Catwalks, Platforms
SF
2. 4" Pipe Column
EA
3. W12X22 Beams
Design Status:
Conceputal
$47.00
$0
$86.60
$0
$16.70
$0
$150.30
$0
12
$171.00
$2,052
$37.50
$450
$24.50
$294
$233.00
$2,796
LF
170
$23.00
$3,910
$2.48
$422
$1.62
$275
$27.10
$4,607
4. 1 1/4"X3/16" Bar Grating
SF
766
$7.20
$5,515
$3.63
$2,781
$2.38
$1,823
$13.21
$10,119
5. 2 Rail 3'-6" High 1 1/2" Guardrail
LF
285
$26.00
$7,410
$5.10
$1,454
$0.35
$100
$31.45
$8,964
6. C8X11.5
LF
200
$6.55
$1,310
$27.00
$5,400
$2.48
$496
$36.03
$7,206
7. Ladder
LF
20
$31.50
$630
$15.25
$305
$10.50
$210
$57.25
$1,145
8. Stair
RI
10
$218.00
$2,180
$37.00
$370
$2.55
$26
$257.55
$2,576
9. Pipe Supports
EA
40
$250.00
$10,000
$1,000.00
$40,000
$200.00
$8,000
$1,450.00
$58,000
10. Trench Drains
EA
200
$470.00
$94,000
$80.00
$16,000
$0.00
$0
$550.00
$110,000
11. Footings/Foundations
CY
115
$121.00
$13,915
$79.00
$9,085
$0.44
$51
$200.44
$23,051
12. DA Support Platform
SF
200
$47.00
$9,400
$86.60
$17,320
$16.70
$3,340
$150.30
$30,060
TOTAL STRUCTURAL
FORM #507-6/98
$150,322
$93,587
$14,615
$258,524
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT:
Western Carolina University New Boiler Plant
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, North Carolina
Description
Unit
DATE
Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Total
Unit
Cost
Subtotal
Cost
PLUMBING
Calculation by: BWG
Checked by: MJG
Design Status:
Conceptual
1. Water Closet
EA
2
$1,000.00
$2,000
$700.00
$1,400
$0.00
$0
$1,700.00
$3,400
2. Lavatory
EA
2
$300.00
$600
$600.00
$1,200
$0.00
$0
$900.00
$1,800
3. Urinal
EA
1
$500.00
$500
$600.00
$600
$0.00
$0
$1,100.00
$1,100
4. Shower
EA
2
$1,100.00
$2,200
$700.00
$1,400
$0.00
$0
$1,800.00
$3,600
5. 4" Service
EA
1
$1,000.00
$1,000
$500.00
$500
$0.00
$0
$1,500.00
$1,500
6. 4" RPZ
EA
1
$3,400.00
$3,400
$300.00
$300
$0.00
$0
$3,700.00
$3,700
7. 60 Gal Water Heater
EA
1
$1,200.00
$1,200
$1,100.00
$1,100
$0.00
$0
$2,300.00
$2,300
8. 3" RPZ
EA
1
$2,700.00
$2,700
$200.00
$200
$0.00
$0
$2,900.00
$2,900
9. Emer Shower/Eyewash
EA
2
$1,000.00
$2,000
$300.00
$600
$0.00
$0
$1,300.00
$2,600
10. 4" Floor Drain
EA
8
$300.00
$2,400
$100.00
$800
$0.00
$0
$400.00
$3,200
11. Hose Bibb
EA
4
$100.00
$400
$50.00
$200
$0.00
$0
$150.00
$600
12. Wall Hydrant
EA
3
$100.00
$300
$50.00
$150
$0.00
$0
$150.00
$450
13. Oil/Water Interceptor
EA
1
$2,000.00
$2,000
$300.00
$300
$0.00
$0
$2,300.00
$2,300
14. Service Sink
EA
1
$500.00
$500
$600.00
$600
$0.00
$0
$1,100.00
$1,100
15. 2" Floor Drain
EA
2
$100.00
$200
$100.00
$200
$0.00
$0
$200.00
$400
16. Kitchen Sink
EA
1
$400.00
$400
$600.00
$600
$0.00
$0
$1,000.00
$1,000
17. Elec Water Cooler
EA
1
$1,100.00
$1,100
$500.00
$500
$0.00
$0
$1,600.00
$1,600
18. Cleanout
EA
6
$200.00
$1,200
$100.00
$600
$0.00
$0
$300.00
$1,800
19. 4" Roof Drain
EA
4
$400.00
$1,600
$1,000.00
$4,000
$0.00
$0
$1,400.00
$5,600
20. 4" CI Pipe
LF
200
$9.00
$1,800
$11.00
$2,200
$0.00
$0
$20.00
$4,000
21. 3" Copper Pipe
LF
200
$25.00
$5,000
$12.00
$2,400
$0.00
$0
$37.00
$7,400
22. Sprinkler System
SF
5,400
$2.00
$10,800
$3.00
$16,200
$0.00
$0
$5.00
$27,000
24. 6" RPZ
EA
1
$5,000.00
$5,000
$500.00
$500
$0.00
$0
$5,500.00
$5,500
TOTAL PLUMBING
FORM #507-6/98
$48,300
$36,550
$0
$84,850
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT:
Western Carolina University New Boiler Plant
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, North Carolina
Description
DATE
Unit Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Total
Unit
Equipment
Cost
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Total
Unit
Cost
Subtotal
Cost
MECHANICAL
Calculation by: DAN
Checked by:
MJG
DESIGN STATUS:
1.
Boilers - 70,000 pph @ 120 psig
EA
3 $700,000.00 $2,100,000
2.
Deaerator - 140,000 pph (10-15 min stor)
EA
1 $162,000.00
3.
Cond. Tank - ASME pressure rated, 3,000 Gall
EA
1
4.
Condensate Pumps
EA
Conceptual
$150,000.00
$450,000
$0.00
$0
$850,000.00
$2,550,000
$162,000
$50,000.00
$50,000
$0.00
$0
$212,000.00
$212,000
$40,000.00
$40,000
$15,000.00
$15,000
$0.00
$0
$55,000.00
$55,000
3
$6,090.00
$18,270
$2,500.00
$7,500
$0.00
$0
$8,590.00
$25,770
5.
Controls (Condensate)
LS
1
$10,000.00
$10,000
$10,000.00
$10,000
$0.00
$0
$20,000.00
$20,000
6.
Boiler Feedwater Pumps (VFD Control)
EA
3
$11,540.00
$34,620
$2,500.00
$7,500
$0.00
$0
$14,040.00
$42,120
7.
Water Softener System (100 GPM)
LS
1
$30,000.00
$30,000
$10,000.00
$10,000
$0.00
$0
$40,000.00
$40,000
8.
Blowdown Tank and Heat Exchanger
LS
1
$15,000.00
$15,000
$4,000.00
$4,000
$0.00
$0
$19,000.00
$19,000
9.
Plant Controls - 300 pts
LS
300
$175.00
$52,500
$450.00
$135,000
$0.00
$0
$625.00
$187,500
10.
30,000 gallon tanks - fuel storage & pumps
EA
3
$60,000.00
$180,000
$5,000.00
$15,000
$0.00
$0
$65,000.00
$195,000
11.
Propane for Pilot
LS
1
$4,000.00
$4,000
$0.00
$0
$0.00
$0
$4,000.00
$4,000
12.
Steam Plant Piping and Insulation
LS
1 $250,000.00
$250,000
$250,000.00
$250,000
$0.00
$0
$500,000.00
$500,000
13.
Steam Vent Valve & Muffler
LS
1
$15,000.00
$15,000
$1,400.00
$1,400
$0.00
$0
$16,400.00
$16,400
14.
Air Compressor and Dryer
EA
2
$10,000.00
$20,000
$1,500.00
$3,000
$0.00
$0
$11,500.00
$23,000
15.
Unit heaters
EA
2
$800.00
$1,600
$200.00
$400
$0.00
$0
$1,000.00
$2,000
16.
Ventilation roof exhaust fans
EA
2
$2,000.00
$4,000
$500.00
$1,000
$0.00
$0
$2,500.00
$5,000
17.
Chemical feed tanks and metering pumps
EA
5
$1,500.00
$7,500
$500.00
$2,500
$0.00
$0
$2,000.00
$10,000
18.
Office Area HVAC
EA
1
$5,000.00
$5,000
$5,000.00
$5,000
$0.00
$0
$10,000.00
$10,000
19.
Boiler automatic blowdown controllers
EA
3
$2,000.00
$6,000
$500.00
$1,500
$0.00
$
$0
$2,500.00
$7,500
TOTAL MECHANICAL
FORM #507-6/98
$2,955,490
$968,800
$0
$3,924,290
CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY
LABOR, MATERIAL, AND EQUIPMENT COST
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Future Steam Redundancy Line
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
DESIGN STATUS: Conceptual
Architects Engineers Planners
COMM. NO.
DATE
205204.00
10/30/06
TOTAL
MATERIAL
COST
$13,422
$0
$0
$0
$121,838
$0
$0
$0
$0
TOTAL
LABOR
COST
$4,957
$0
$0
$0
$77,880
$0
$0
$0
$0
TOTAL
EQUIPMENT
COST
$3,551
$0
$0
$0
$2,639
$0
$0
$0
$0
SUBTOTAL
$135,260
CONTINGENCY
30%
$40,578
SUBTOTAL
$175,838
MATERIAL TAX
4.5%
$7,913
EQUIPMENT TAX
4.5%
LABOR MARK UP
25%
$0
SUBTOTAL
$183,751
OVERHEAD
15%
SUBTOTAL
PROFIT
10%
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST (ENTIRE PROJECT)
SITE ADJUSTMENT
3%
(labor, material storage and handling)
(labor, clearances, parking, site delays)
DESIGN FEES
10%
Escalation
0 Months @
2.5% on
GRAND TOTAL
$82,837
$24,851
$107,688
$0
$6,190
$0
$6,190
$0
$224,287
$65,429
$289,716
$7,913
$0
$107,688
$0
$6,190
$0
$297,629
$44,644
$342,273
$34,227
$376,500
$9,413
DESCRIPTION
CIVIL
ARCHITECTURAL
STRUCTURAL
PLUMBING
MECHANICAL
ELECTRICAL
FORM #507-6/98
Wiley & Wilson
TOTAL
COST
$21,930
$0
$0
$0
$202,357
$0
$0
$0
$0
$37,650
$376,500
$376,500
$9,413
$432,976
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Future Steam Redundancy Line
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
DATE
Description
Unit
Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Total
Unit
Cost
Subtotal
Cost
CIVIL
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: MR
Design Status: Conceptual
1. Mobilization (overall)
EA
1
$10,000.00
$10,000
$75.50
$76
$175.00
$175
$10,250.50
$10,251
2. Trench Excavation & Backfill
LF
260
$0.00
$0
$6.60
$1,716
$4.40
$1,144
$11.00
$2,860
3. Inlet Protection
EA
3
$50.00
$150
$50.00
$150
$0
$100.00
$300
4. Pipe Bedding
CY
260
$4.21
$1,095
$7.00
$1,820
$4.50
$1,170
$15.71
$4,085
5. Pavement Removal
SY
100
$0.00
$0
$2.97
$297
$1.99
$199
$4.96
$496
6. Concrete Sidewalk Removal
SY
10
$0.00
$0
$4.90
$49
$3.28
$33
$8.18
$82
7. Rubbish Handling (10 mile haul)
CY
10
$0.00
$0
$9.80
$98
$8.71
$87
$18.51
$185
8. Dump Charges
TN
4
$70.00
$280
$0
$70.00
$280
9. Asphalt Pavement
SY
100
$11.00
$1,100
$2.20
$220
$6.60
$660
$19.80
$1,980
10. Concrete Sidewalk
SF
150
$3.30
$495
$1.65
$248
$0.55
$83
$5.50
$826
11. Light Grading & Seeding
SY
150
$0.68
$102
$0.55
$83
$0
$1.23
$185
12. Restore Landscaping
LS
2
$100.00
$200
$100.00
$200
$0
$200.00
$400
TOTAL CIVIL
$13,422
$0
$4,957
$0.00
$3,551
$21,930
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Future Steam Redundancy Line
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
DATE
Description
Unit
Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
Total
Unit
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Subtotal
Cost
MECHANICAL
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: DAN
Design Status: Conceptual
1. Precast Concrete Vault
EA
1
$22,000.00
$22,000
$13,200.00
$13,200
$660.00
$660
$35,860.00
$35,860
2. 10" Pre-Insulated Steam Piping System
LF
260
$186.00
$48,360
$120.00
$31,200
$2.66
$692
$308.66
$80,252
3. 6" Pre-Insulated Cond Piping System
LF
260
$91.56
$23,806
$80.00
$20,800
$2.21
$575
$173.77
$45,181
4. 10" Pre-Insulated Field Joint/End Seal
EA
10
$350.00
$3,500
$120.00
$1,200
$7.50
$75
$477.50
$4,775
5. 6" Pre-Insulated Field Joint/End Seal
EA
10
$260.70
$2,607
$85.00
$850
$5.40
$54
$351.10
$3,511
6. 10" Sched 80 Flanged Steel Pipe
LF
10
$167.00
$1,670
$70.00
$700
$4.94
$49
$241.94
$2,419
7. 6" Sched 80 Flanged Steel Pipe
LF
10
$72.00
$720
$45.00
$450
$3.01
$30
$120.01
$1,200
8. 10" Class 250 Gate Valve
EA
1
$6,000.00
$6,000
$455.00
$455
$0.00
$0
$6,455.00
$6,455
9. 6" Class 150 Gate Valve
EA
1
$1,775.00
$1,775
$320.00
$320
$0.00
$0
$2,095.00
$2,095
10. 10" Weld Joint, Butt, Extra Strong Tee
EA
1
$555.00
$555
$545.00
$545
$39.50
$40
$1,139.50
$1,140
11. 10" Weld Joint, Bitt, Extra Strong Elbow
EA
4
$405.00
$1,620
$385.00
$1,540
$27.50
$110
$817.50
$3,270
12. 6" Weld Joint, Butt, Standard Elbow
EA
3
$69.00
$207
$200.00
$600
$13.80
$41
$282.80
$848
13. 300 lb Welding Neck Flange for 10" Pipe
EA
4
$220.00
$880
$200.00
$800
$13.80
$55
$433.80
$1,735
14. 150 lb Welding Neck Flange for 6" Pipe
EA
4
$44.00
$176
$100.00
$400
$6.90
$28
$150.90
$604
15. Calcium Silicate with Cover
LS
1
$542.00
$542
$500.00
$500
$0.00
$0
$1,042.00
$1,042
16. Steam Trap Assembly
EA
1
$1,100.00
$1,100
$1,320.00
$1,320
$0.00
$0
$2,420.00
$2,420
17. 10" Expansion Joint
EA
2
$1,075.00
$2,150
$250.00
$500
$0.00
$0
$1,325.00
$2,650
18. 6" Expansion Joint
EA
2
$740.00
$1,480
$200.00
$400
$0.00
$0
$940.00
$1,880
19. Pipe Anchor for 10" Pre-Insul Pipe
EA
1
$650.00
$650
$220.00
$220
$20.00
$20
$890.00
$890
20. Pipe Anchor for 6" Pre-Insul Pipe
EA
1
$500.00
$500
$160.00
$160
$15.00
$15
$675.00
$675
21. Pipe Sleeve/Link Seal for 10" Pre-Insul
EA
2
$450.00
$900
$350.00
$700
$0.00
$0
$800.00
$1,600
22. Pipe Sleeve/Link Seal for 6" Pre-Insul
EA
2
$320.00
$640
$225.00
$450
$0.00
$0
$545.00
$1,090
23. Core Drill for 10" Pre-Insul Pipe
EA
1
$0.00
$0
$350.00
$350
$125.00
$125
$475.00
$475
24. Core Drill for 6" Pre-Insul Pipe
EA
1
$0.00
$0
$220.00
$220
$70.00
$70
$290.00
$290
TOTAL MECHANICAL
$121,838
$77,880
$2,639
$202,357
CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY
LABOR, MATERIAL, AND EQUIPMENT COST
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Condensate Line Replacement
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
DESIGN STATUS: Conceptual
FORM #507-6/98
Architects Engineers Planners
COMM. NO.
DATE
205204.00
10/30/06
TOTAL
LABOR
COST
$36,758
$0
$0
$0
$344,660
$0
$0
$0
$0
TOTAL
EQUIPMENT
COST
$24,021
$0
$0
$0
$11,850
$0
$0
$0
$0
$381,418
SUBTOTAL
$498,094
CONTINGENCY
30%
$149,428
$114,425
SUBTOTAL
$647,522
$495,843
MATERIAL TAX
4.5%
$29,138
$0
EQUIPMENT TAX
4.5%
LABOR MARK UP
25%
$0
$0
$495,843
SUBTOTAL
$676,660
OVERHEAD
15%
SUBTOTAL
PROFIT
10%
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST (ENTIRE PROJECT)
SITE ADJUSTMENT
3%
(labor, material storage and handling)
(labor, clearances, parking, site delays)
DESIGN FEES
10%
Escalation
0 Months @
2.5% on
$1,528,593
GRAND TOTAL
$35,871
$0
$35,871
$0
$915,383
$263,853
$1,179,236
$29,138
$0
$35,871
$0
$1,208,374
$181,256
$1,389,630
$138,963
$1,528,593
$38,215
DESCRIPTION
CIVIL
ARCHITECTURAL
STRUCTURAL
PLUMBING
MECHANICAL
ELECTRICAL
TOTAL
MATERIAL
COST
$27,907
$0
$0
$0
$470,187
$0
$0
$0
$0
Wiley & Wilson
TOTAL
COST
$88,686
$0
$0
$0
$826,697
$0
$0
$0
$0
$152,859
$1,528,593
$38,215
$1,757,882
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Condensate Line Replacement
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
DATE
Description
Unit
Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Total
Unit
Cost
Subtotal
Cost
CIVIL
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: MR
Design Status: Conceptual
1. Mobilization (overall)
EA
1
$10,000.00
$10,000
$75.50
$76
$175.00
$175
$10,250.50
$10,251
2. Trench Excavation & Backfill
LF
2,365
$0.00
$0
$6.60
$15,609
$4.40
$10,406
$11.00
$26,015
3. Inlet Protection
EA
10
$50.00
$500
$50.00
$500
$0.00
$0
$100.00
$1,000
4. Pipe Bedding
CY
262
$4.21
$1,103
$7.00
$1,834
$4.50
$1,179
$15.71
$4,116
5. Pavement Removal
SY
200
$0.00
$0
$2.97
$594
$1.99
$398
$4.96
$992
6. Concrete Sidewalk Removal
SY
322
$0.00
$0
$4.90
$1,578
$3.28
$1,056
$8.18
$2,634
7. Underground Piping Removal
LF
2,355
$0.00
$0
$4.40
$10,362
$1.51
$3,556
$5.91
$13,918
8. Rubbish Handling (10 mile haul)
CY
100
$0.00
$0
$9.80
$980
$8.71
$871
$18.51
$1,851
9. Dump Charges
TN
10
$70.00
$700
$0.00
$0
$0.00
$0
$70.00
$700
10. Asphalt Pavement
SY
800
$11.00
$8,800
$2.20
$1,760
$6.60
$5,280
$19.80
$15,840
11. Concrete Sidewalk
SF
2,000
$3.30
$6,600
$1.65
$3,300
$0.55
$1,100
$5.50
$11,000
12. Light Grading & Seeding
SY
300
$0.68
$204
$0.55
$165
$0.00
$0
$1.23
$369
TOTAL CIVIL
$27,907
$36,758
$24,021
$88,686
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Condensate Line Replacement
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
(Replacement of Deteriorated Sections)
DATE
Description
Unit Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Total
Unit
Cost
Subtotal
Cost
MECHANICAL
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: DAN
Design Status: Conceptual
1. 8" Pre-Insulated Steam Pipe System
LF
265
$150.00
$39,750
$110.00
$29,150
$2.50
$663
$262.50
$69,563
2. 4" Pre-Insulated Cond Pipe System
LF
265
$64.80
$17,172
$85.00
$22,525
$3.14
$832
$152.94
$40,529
3. 6" Pre-Insulated Steam Pipe System
LF
1,400
$135.00
$189,000
$80.00
$112,000
$2.00
$2,800
$217.00
$303,800
4. 3" Pre-Insulated Cond Pipe System
LF
1,400
$51.60
$72,240
$70.00
$98,000
$2.47
$3,458
$124.07
$173,698
5. 3" Pre-Insulated Steam Pipe System
LF
700
$55.00
$38,500
$45.00
$31,500
$2.00
$1,400
$102.00
$71,400
6. 1 1/2" Pre-Insulated Cond Pipe System
LF
700
$42.00
$29,400
$45.00
$31,500
$1.54
$1,078
$88.54
$61,978
7. 8" Pre-Insulated Pipe System Elbow
EA
2
$1,800.00
$3,600
$100.00
$200
$10.00
$20
$1,910.00
$3,820
8. 4" Pre-Insulated Pipe System Elbow
EA
2
$625.00
$1,250
$210.00
$420
$23.00
$46
$858.00
$1,716
9. 6" Pre-Insulated Pipe System Elbow
EA
20
$1,300.00
$26,000
$220.00
$4,400
$25.00
$500
$1,545.00
$30,900
10. 3" Pre-Insulated Pipe System Elbow
EA
20
$537.50
$10,750
$180.00
$3,600
$19.75
$395
$737.25
$14,745
11. 3" Pre-Insulated Pipe System Elbow
EA
10
$870.00
$8,700
$180.00
$1,800
$19.75
$198
$1,069.75
$10,698
12. 1 1/2" Pre-Insulated Pipe System Elbow
EA
10
$412.50
$4,125
$70.00
$700
$7.70
$77
$490.20
$4,902
13. 4" Pre-Insul Field Joint/End Seal
EA
10
$253.00
$2,530
$75.00
$750
$5.08
$51
$333.08
$3,331
14. 3" Pre-Insul Field Joint/End Seal
EA
50
$242.00
$12,100
$70.00
$3,500
$4.18
$209
$316.18
$15,809
15. 1 1/2" Pre-Insul Field Joint/End Seal
EA
35
$230.00
$8,050
$65.00
$2,275
$3.50
$123
$298.50
$10,448
16. 3" Class 150 Gate Valve
EA
6
$920.00
$5,520
$140.00
$840
$0.00
$0
$1,060.00
$6,360
17. Piping in Manholes
LS
1
$1,000.00
$1,000
$1,000.00
$1,000
$0.00
$0
$2,000.00
$2,000
18. Calcium Silicate with Cover
LS
1
$500.00
$500
$500.00
$500
$0.00
$0
$1,000.00
$1,000
TOTAL MECHANICAL
$470,187
$344,660
$11,850
$826,697
CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY
LABOR, MATERIAL, AND EQUIPMENT COST
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Upsizing Steam System
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
DESIGN STATUS: Conceptual
(Upsizing Existing System to Meet Future Requirements)
TOTAL
MATERIAL
DESCRIPTION
COST
CIVIL
$22,815
ARCHITECTURAL
$0
STRUCTURAL
$0
PLUMBING
$0
MECHANICAL
$581,184
ELECTRICAL
$0
$0
$0
$0
FORM #507-6/98
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
COMM. NO.
DATE
205204.00
10/30/06
TOTAL
LABOR
COST
$27,240
$0
$0
$0
$365,205
$0
$0
$0
$0
TOTAL
EQUIPMENT
COST
$19,362
$0
$0
$0
$11,976
$0
$0
$0
$0
TOTAL
$392,445
SUBTOTAL
$603,999
CONTINGENCY
30%
$181,200
$117,734
SUBTOTAL
$785,199
$510,179
MATERIAL TAX
4.5%
$35,334
$0
EQUIPMENT TAX
4.5%
LABOR MARK UP
25%
$0
$0
$510,179
SUBTOTAL
$820,533
OVERHEAD
15%
SUBTOTAL
PROFIT
10%
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST (ENTIRE PROJECT)
SITE ADJUSTMENT
3%
(labor, material storage and handling)
(labor, clearances, parking, site delays)
DESIGN FEES
10%
Escalation
0 Months @
2.5% on
$1,722,994
GRAND TOTAL
$31,338
$0
$31,338
$0
$1,027,782
$298,934
$1,326,716
$35,334
$0
$31,338
$0
$1,362,050
$204,308
$1,566,358
$156,636
$1,722,994
$43,075
COST
$69,417
$0
$0
$0
$958,365
$0
$0
$0
$0
$172,299
$1,722,994
$43,075
$1,981,443
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Upsizing Steam System
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
DATE
Description
Unit
Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Total
Unit
Cost
Subtotal
Cost
CIVIL
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: MR
Design Status: Conceptual
1. Mobilization (overall)
EA
1
$10,000.00
$10,000
$75.50
$76
$175.00
$175
$10,250.50
$10,251
2. Trench Excavation & Backfill
LF
1,580
$0.00
$0
$6.60
$10,428
$4.40
$6,952
$11.00
$17,380
3. Inlet Protection
EA
10
$50.00
$500
$50.00
$500
$0.00
$0
$100.00
$1,000
4. Pipe Bedding
CY
290
$4.21
$1,221
$7.00
$2,030
$4.50
$1,305
$15.71
$4,556
5. Pavement Removal
SY
800
$0.00
$0
$2.97
$2,376
$1.99
$1,592
$4.96
$3,968
6. Concrete Sidewalk Removal
SY
300
$0.00
$0
$4.90
$1,470
$3.28
$984
$8.18
$2,454
7. Underground Piping Removal
LF
1,580
$0.00
$0
$4.40
$6,952
$1.51
$2,386
$5.91
$9,338
8. Rubbish Handling (10 mile haul)
CY
60
$0.00
$0
$9.80
$588
$8.71
$523
$18.51
$1,111
9. Dump Charges
TN
10
$70.00
$700
$0.00
$0
$0.00
$0
$70.00
$700
10. Asphalt Pavement
SY
800
$11.00
$8,800
$2.20
$1,760
$6.60
$5,280
$19.80
$15,840
11. Concrete Sidewalk
SF
300
$3.30
$990
$1.65
$495
$0.55
$165
$5.50
$1,650
12. Light Grading & Seeding
SY
300
$0.68
$204
$0.55
$165
$0.00
$0
$1.23
$369
13. Restore Landscaping
LS
2
$200.00
$400
$200.00
$400
$0.00
$0
$400.00
$800
TOTAL CIVIL
$22,815
$27,240
$19,362
$69,417
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Upsizing Steam System
COMM. NO.
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
DATE
Description
Unit
Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
Total
Unit
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Subtotal
Cost
MECHANICAL
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: DAN
Design Status: Conceptual
1. Precast Concrete Vault
EA
3
$22,000.00
$66,000
$13,200.00
$39,600
$660.00
$1,980
$35,860.00
$107,580
2. 10" Pre-Insulated Steam Piping
LF
1,100
$190.00
$209,000
$120.00
$132,000
$2.66
$2,926
$312.66
$343,926
3. 8" Pre-Insulated Steam Piping
LF
230
$150.00
$34,500
$100.00
$23,000
$2.50
$575
$252.50
$58,075
4. 6" Pre-Insulated Steam Piping
LF
250
$135.00
$33,750
$80.00
$20,000
$2.00
$500
$217.00
$54,250
5. 6" Pre-Insulated Cond Piping
LF
1,100
$83.00
$91,300
$80.00
$88,000
$1.77
$1,947
$164.77
$181,247
6. 4" Pre-Insulated Cond Piping
LF
230
$70.00
$16,100
$55.00
$12,650
$2.10
$483
$127.10
$29,233
7. 3" Pre-Insulated Cond Piping
LF
250
$55.00
$13,750
$45.00
$11,250
$1.98
$495
$101.98
$25,495
8. 8" Pre-Insulated Pipe Elbow
EA
4
$1,800.00
$7,200
$100.00
$400
$10.00
$40
$1,910.00
$7,640
9. 6" Pre-Insulated Pipe Elbow
EA
6
$1,508.10
$9,049
$95.00
$570
$8.64
$52
$1,611.74
$9,671
10. 10" Pre-Insul Field Joint/End Seal
EA
40
$350.00
$14,000
$120.00
$4,800
$7.50
$300
$477.50
$19,100
11. 8" Pre-Insul Field Joint/End Seal
EA
10
$300.00
$3,000
$100.00
$1,000
$6.00
$60
$406.00
$4,060
12. 6" Pre-Insul Field Joint/End Seal
EA
50
$260.70
$13,035
$82.50
$4,125
$5.40
$270
$348.60
$17,430
13. 4" Pre-Insul Field Joint/End Seal
EA
10
$260.00
$2,600
$71.50
$715
$5.08
$51
$336.58
$3,366
14. 3" Pre-Insul Field Joint/End Seal
EA
10
$250.00
$2,500
$66.00
$660
$4.18
$42
$320.18
$3,202
15. 10" Class 250 Gate Valve
EA
5
$6,000.00
$30,000
$455.00
$2,275
$0.00
$0
$6,455.00
$32,275
16. 6" Class 150 Gate Valve
EA
5
$1,775.00
$8,875
$320.00
$1,600
$0.00
$0
$2,095.00
$10,475
17. Steam Trap Assembly
EA
5
$1,100.00
$5,500
$1,320.00
$6,600
$0.00
$0
$2,420.00
$12,100
18. 10" Expansion Joint
EA
5
$1,075.00
$5,375
$241.00
$1,205
$0.00
$0
$1,316.00
$6,580
Wiley & Wilson
Architects Engineers Planners
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PROJECT: Western Carolina University Upsizing Steam System
LOCATION: Cullowhee, NC
Description
Unit
Quantity
Material
Cost
Unit
COMM. NO.
DATE
Total
Material
Cost
Labor
Cost
Unit
Total
Labor
Cost
Equipment
Unit
Cost
Total
Equipment
Cost
Total
Unit
Cost
205204.00
10/30/06
Subtotal
Cost
MECHANICAL
Calculation by: JPH
Checked by: DAN
Design Status: Conceptual
19. 6" Expansion Joint
EA
5
$740.00
$3,700
$193.00
$965
$0.00
$0
$933.00
$4,665
20. Pipe Anchor for 10" Pre-Insul Pipe
EA
3
$650.00
$1,950
$220.00
$660
$20.00
$60
$890.00
$2,670
21. Pipe Anchor for 6" Pre-Insul Pipe
EA
3
$500.00
$1,500
$160.00
$480
$15.00
$45
$675.00
$2,025
22. Pipe Sleeve/Link Seal for 10" Pre-Insul
EA
10
$450.00
$4,500
$350.00
$3,500
$0.00
$0
$800.00
$8,000
23. Pipe Sleeve/Link Seal for 8" Pre-Insul
EA
2
$400.00
$800
$300.00
$600
$0.00
$0
$700.00
$1,400
24. Pipe Sleeve/Link Seal for 6" Pre-Insul
EA
10
$320.00
$3,200
$225.00
$2,250
$0.00
$0
$545.00
$5,450
25. Core Drill for 10" Pre-Insul Pipe
EA
10
$0.00
$0
$350.00
$3,500
$125.00
$1,250
$475.00
$4,750
26. Coe Drill for 8" Pre-Insul Pipe
EA
2
$0.00
$0
$300.00
$600
$100.00
$200
$400.00
$800
27. Core Drill for 6" Pre-Insul Pipe
EA
10
$0.00
$0
$220.00
$2,200
$70.00
$700
$290.00
$2,900
TOTAL MECHANICAL
$596,834
$382,160
$14,931
$1,238,149