DNA & Protein Synthesis Review Name __________________________
1.
In DNA, adenine binds with__Thymine___ and guanine binds with __Cytosine__.
2.
In RNA, adenine binds with__Uracil____ and guanine binds with __Cytosine__.
3.
Transcription takes place in the ____Nucleus_____; translation takes place in the ___ribosome___.
4.
What is DNA’s primary function? To code for the production of proteins (on the genes)
5.
Name the three parts of a DNA nucleotide. Five carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
6.
Name the four nitrogen bases on DNA. Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
7.
Who is responsible for determining the structure of the DNA? James Watson and Francis Crick
8.
What makes up the sides (backbone) of the DNA molecule? Deoxyribose Sugar & Phosphate group
9.
What makes up the steps (rungs) of the DNA molecule? Nitrogen Bases and Hydrogen Bonds
10.
How did Rosalind Franklin contribute to determining the structure of DNA?
She took x-rays of DNA from which Watson and Crick were able to discover the shape of DNA.
11.
What type of bonds hold the DNA bases together? __ Hydrogen Bonds _____
12.
How does the nucleotide sequence in one chain of DNA compare with the other of DNA?
They are complements of each other – match up using the base pairing rules (A-T, G-C)
13.
Why must DNA be able to make copies of itself?
So after mitosis both daughter cells have a full set of genetic information.
14.
Define DNA replication. It is when DNA makes a copy/replica of itself during interphase.
15.
What is the first step that must occur in DNA replication? DNA must unwind via breakage of hydrogen bonds by an enzyme to expose nucleotides
16.
What acts as the template in DNA replication? Both sides of DNA after hydrogen bonds are broken
17.
What is a replication fork?
It is the point where DNA has been unwound and exposed to make a copy
18.
What is the function of DNA polymerase? It adds the nucleotides to the two strands during replication. The result is two complete sets of DNA.
19.
If the sequence of nucleotides on the original DNA strand was A-G-G-C-T-A, what would be the nucleotide sequence on the complementary strand of DNA? __ T-C-C-G-A-T ________
20.
What nitrogen base is missing on RNA, and what other base replaces it? Thymine is missing, Uracil replaces it
21.
Is RNA double or single stranded? ____ Single ___________
22.
Which type of RNA copies DNA’s instructions in the nucleus? ___ Messenger RNA or mRNA _____
23.
What does tRNA transport? ___ Amino Acids ________
24.
Where in the cell are proteins made? _____ Ribosomes _____________

25.
Label each correctly:
DNA → RNA is Transcription
DNA → DNA is Replication
RNA → Protein is Translation
26.
The codons can be used in a chart to find what? __ Amino Acids _______
27.
What molecule contains an anti-codon? ____ Transfer RNA or tRNA ______
28.
Translate the following DNA and mRNA strand and then find the amino acids.
DNA: AGT CAA TTG GTC AGA CCT mRNA: UCA GUU AAC CAG UCU GGA
Amino Acids: Serine – Valine – Asparagine – Glutamine – Serine – Glycine
Transcription and Translation together is the process of: Protein Synthesis