SG's Ad Hoc Expert Group Meeting
UNLDC IV: Key Development Challenges facing the LDCs
18-19 February 2010
Making Trade More Development - Transmitting,
Multiplying and Inclusive for LDCs
By
Mr. Bonapas Onguglo
Senior Economic Affairs Officer
The view expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNCTAD
Making Trade More
Development-Transmitting,
Multiplying and Inclusive for LDCs
Bonapas Onguglo
Senior Economic Affairs Officer
Overview
1. Trade performance of LDCs during
the decade of the Brussels PoA:
2001-2010.
2. Suggestions on key areas for
enhancing the contribution of
trade to development of LDCs in
the ‘Turkey’ PoA for the 4th
decade: 2011-2020.
1. LDCs Trade Performance –
2001 to 2008
Table 3: LDCs' Total Merchandize and Services Exports, 1991
- 2007 , (Value in US Dollars millions and Share in percentage)
YEAR
1991
2001
2006
2007
Total
World Exports 4,375,341 7,720,327 14,913,483 17,170,189
LDCs Value
20,956 43,792 118,495 142,120
Share
0.48
0.57
0.79
0.83
Source: UNCTAD Globstat
1. LDCs Trade Performance –
2001 to 2008
Table 6. LDCs' Share in Total Global merchandise exports, 2001-2008
(Value in US Dollars million and share in percentage)
World
All LDCs
Share
2001
6,187,574
36,177
0.58
LDCs: Africa and
Haiti
0.35
LDCs: Asia
0.24
LDCs: Islands
0.005
Developing
countries
1,579,440
Share
25.5
Source: UNCTAD GlobStat
2006
12,129,755
103,957
0.86
2007
13,956,934
128,705
0.92
2008
16,026,454
171,782
1.07
0.61
0.25
0.004
0.68
0.24
0.003
0.83
0.24
0.004
3,883,077
32.0
4,512,322
32.3
5,361,088
33.5
1. LDCs Trade Performance –
2001 to 2008
Table 9: Services exports to world by LDCs and developing countries, 2001-2008
(Value in $US Millions and share in percentage)
World
All LDCs
All LDCs’ share
LDCs: Africa and
Haiti
LDCs: Asia
LDCs: Islands
2001
2006
2007
2008
1,529,040
2,877,891
3,416,193
3,856,987
7,562
13,655
16,101
18,457
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
4,471
2,460
631
Developing
289,102
countries
Developing
18.9
countries’ share
Source: UNCTAD GlobStat database
8,564
4,136
955
10,043
4,959
1,099
11,432
5,720
1,305
628,477
752,634
847,100
21.8
22.0
22.0
1. LDCs Trade Performance –
2001 to 2008
Table 5: LDCs' Trade Balance (Merchandize and Services), 2001 - 2007
(US Dollars at current prices in millions)
YEAR
All LDCs
Balance
Import
Export
2001
-15,780
59,572
43,792
LDCs:
Africa and
Haiti
Balance
-10,321
Import
36,176
Export
25,855
LDCs:
Asia
Balance
-4,963
Import
22,059
Export
17,095
LDCs:
Islands
Balance
-495
Import
1,337
Export
842
Source: UNCTAD Globstat
2003
-18,217
73,215
54,998
2006
-6,849
125,343
118,495
2007
-2,696
144,816
142,120
-11,805
46,302
34,497
-804
84,058
83,254
4,893
96,774
101,667
-5,966
25,472
19,505
-4,975
38,894
33,919
-6,387
45,337
38,950
-446
1,441
996
-1,070
2,391
1,322
-1,202
2,705
1,503
1. LDCs Trade Performance –
2001 to 2008
Table 8: LDCs' Exports and Imports of All food items (SITC 0 + 1 + 22 + 4) , 2001-2008
(Value in $US million and share (%)
2001
Exports 4,599
Imports 8,277
Balance -3,678
2006
8,100
16,407
-8,307
2007
9,535
20,823
-11,288
2008
11,467
24,796
-13,329
Export 3,329
Import 4,995
LDCs: Asia
Export 1,163
Import 3,086
LDCs: Islands
Export
108
Import
195
Source: UNCTAD GlobStat database
5,566
10,246
2,331
5,773
203
388
6,281
12,356
3,049
8,009
205
458
7,505
16,379
3,692
7,804
269
612
All LDCs
LDCs: Africa and
Haiti
1. LDCs Trade Performance –
2001 to 2008
Table10 : LDCs' merchandise exports to developing countries, 2001-2007 ($ 000)
Region
South to
exports
2001
2007
752,164,945
2,036,219,158
2,385,500,495
to
12,739,657
51,446,051
58,515,602
LDCs' share in
South-South trade
(%)
1.7
2.5
2.4
LDCs
South
South
2006
exports
Source: UNCTAD South-South trade database.
1.2 LDCs Trade Performance – 2009 &
projection for 2010
• Global economic crisis led to a trade
slump globally, contracting between
10-15% in 2009, and expected to
rebound in 2010.
• LDCs’ trade performance also
contracted, & predicted to recovery
in 2010.
• But signs of recovery remain fragile
2. Possible Areas for 4th PoA for
LDCs: 2011-2020
Trade is important.
Table 4. LDCs’ Total Merchandize and Services Exports
as a Percentage of GDP, 2001-2008
2001
22.4
LDCs
LDCs: Africa
24.0
and Haiti
LDCs: Asia
19.5
LDCs: Islands 55.0
Source: UNCTAD GlobStat
2006
28.7
2007
28.4
2008
28.6
31.6
23.3
42.6
32.0
21.8
40.9
33.2
20.2
40.1
2. Enhancing trade’s contribution – LDCs &
the international community
(1) New approach, allowing for diversity of
policy responses to develop best-fit
solutions.
(2) New generation of trade & related policies.
(3) Producing dynamically growing products &
services (that create jobs & increase
incomes).
(4) Further improving market access and entry
opportunities for LDCs in North and South.
2. Integrating new generation trade policies
into national development strategies
1. Services Policy
Reviews in Nepal
and Uganda
2. Creative industry
policy reviews in
Mozambique,
Senegal & Zambia
3. Competition &
consumer policies
2. Strengthening productive capacities to
trade
Improvement of market access and entry
opportunities in North and South
•
•
•
•
•
Further improve DFQFT
Address Non-tariff barriers
Contribution of the WTO Doha Round to
LDCs; facilitate WTO accession by LDCs.
Enhance participation of LDCs in SouthSouth regional integration and
interregional arrangements
Combine market access/entry with
supply-side capacity building