Validation using ORNL
Flexible Research
Platform 2
For: ASHRAE 140
January 25, 2016
PM: Joshua New
PIs – Piljae Im and Mahabir Bhandari (Model)
PI – Jibonananda Sanyal (Provenance)
PI – Charles Castello (Sensor QA)
PI – Joshua New (Visual Analytics)
PI – Philip Boudreaux (Occupancy)
PI – Tony Gehl (Sensors)
PI – F&O (Installation)
Leaders – Patrick Hughes, Ed Vineyard
Designated User Facility
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Reduce Uncertainties in Modeling
Temperature, RH, wind
speed/direction, barometric pressure,
precipitation
Solar: direct normal, global horizontal,
IR radiation from sky
Real weather file
from the weather
station
15min Data
Measurements
Simulated
Occupancy
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Active Foundation
(adiabatic)
FRP one-stop shop
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Flexible Research Platform
• HVAC System Performance Measurement, Modeling, Calibration and Validation
Weather Station
HVAC #1:
RTU
Sensors & Data
Acquisition
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FRP2 Summary Characteristics
General characteristics
Location Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Building width
40 ft (12.2 m)
Building length
40 ft (12.2 m)
Story height (floor to floor)
14 ft (4.3 m)
Number of floors
Number of thermal zones
2
10 (8 perimeter and 2 core)
Construction characteristics
Wall structure
Concrete masonry units with face brick
Wall insulation
Fiberglas RUS-11 (RSI-1.9)
Floor
Roof structure
Slab-on-grade
Metal deck with polyisocyanurate and ethylene
proplylene diene monomer
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FRP2 Summary Characteristics
Construction characteristics (cont.)
Wall structure
Concrete masonry units with face brick
Roof insulation
Polyisocyanurate RUS-18(RSI-3.17)
Windows
Aluminum frame, double-pane, clear glazing
Window-to-wall ratio
28%
Systems and equipment characteristics
Lighting power density
0.85 W/ft2 (9.2 W/m2) with lighting
on/off schedule
Equipment power density
1.3 W/ft2 (14.0 W/m2) with on/off
schedule
Baseline systems
Rooftop variable air volume unit with
electric reheat, natural gas furnace
Rooftop unit (RTU) cooling capacity 12.5 ton
RTU efficiency
9.7 energy efficiency rating
Natural gas furnace efficiency
81% annual fuel utilization efficiency
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Deliverable: Add latent, sensible, and lighting
load to space according to occupancy schedule
• Various sources to define the schedules & power density
–
ASHRAE 90.1-1989
–
Huang et al. (1990) 481 PROTOTYPICAL COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS FOR 20 URBAN MARKET AREAS, LBL-29798
–
Huang and Franconi (1999) COMMERCIAL HEATING AND COOLING LOADS COMPONENT ANALYSIS
–
PNNL report (1990) ARCHITECT'S AND ENGINEER'S GUIDE TO ENERGY CONSERVATION IN EXISTING
BUILDINGS: Volume 1 - Energy Use Assessment and Simulation Methods
3000
120
FRP2 Weekday Lighting Target (Wh)
FRP2 Weekday Lighting Target (Wh)
100
2000
80
1500
Occupancy %
2500
60
1000
40
500
20
0
0
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Occupancy - Weekday
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Deliverable: Add latent, sensible, and
lighting load to space according to
occupancy schedule
Sensible: from
occupants
and MELs
Latent: from
occupants
Lighting
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Validation Example – FRP1 Sensible
Hourly targets
Oct 15, 2013
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FRP2 DAQ Hardware
• 1 Master Cabinet
• 4 Peripheral Cabinets
• 256 Thermistor Channels
• 256 Single Ended Voltage Channels
• 100 Thermocouple Channels
• 64 Frequency input or 5V control Channels
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FRP2 Installed Sensors
• 35 Temp/RH Probes
• 6 Refrigerant Side Immersion Thermistors
• 6 Refrigerant Side Pressure Transducers
• 2 Refrigerant Mass Flow Sensors
• 1 Natural Gas Mass Flowmeters
• 2 Airflow Measurement Stations
• 16 HVAC Power Measurements (Wattnode and CTs)
• 21 General Building Power Measurements (Wattnode and
CTs)
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FRP 2 Sensors
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Layout of Measurements
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Technical Specs of Measurement
Sensors
Campbell Sci HC2S3-L
Continental Controls WNB-3D240P
Omega 44031 immersion
thermistor probes
Measurement
Temperature/relative
humidity (RH)
Power
Temperature
Accuracy
±0.1°C and ±0.1% RH @ 23°C
±0.5% of reading
@ 0 to 70°C is ±0.1°C
Omega PX409-750-A5V pressure
transducers
Pressure
±0.08% best straight line maximum
Sierra BT620 thermal flowmeter
Gas flow
±1% of full scale (actual gas calibration) and
±1% of full scale/±3% of reading (correlation);
repeatability ±0.2% of full scale
Air monitor fan evaluators paired
to DPT2500 Plus transmitters
Air flow
DTP2500—0.25% of natural span, including
hysteresis, deadband, nonlinearity, and
nonrepeatability; fan evaluator—±2%
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Experimental Plan
5.1
Baseline capacity tests:
• No occupancy emulation
• All internal lights are turned off
• Steady thermostat set-point
Test conditions:
• floating indoor temperature, controlled cooling or heating
duty
• steady indoor air temperature
Objective: verify envelope and mechanical properties
under idealized test conditions
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Experimental Plan
5.2 Repeat the tests in 5.1 under more realistic
controlled conditions. Add:
• Scheduled plug loads and lighting gains
• Occupancy emulation for sensible and latent heat gain
5.3
Dynamic testing
• time-varying loads and zone set-points with night time
setback/up
• intermittent operation
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Year 1 – baseline cooling w/wo HVAC
Description
Baseline: floating, cooling
Baseline: controlled, cooling
Total time
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Time
Comments
6 days
No HVAC, no lighting/internal gain, open all blinds, no
exhaust fans running
RTU cooling, steady indoor temperature, fixed RTU
discharge set point temperature (no lighting/internal gain,
open all blinds, no OA, no exhaust fan)
6 wks
Including 4 weeks for setup including sensor calibrations,
and limited repeats if needed
6 days
Year 2 – Realistic HVAC operations
Description
Time
Comments
Baseline: floating, Heating
6 days
No HVAC, no lighting/internal gain, open all blinds, no
exhaust fans running
Baseline: controlled, Heating
6 days
RTU heating, fixed RTU discharge set point temperature (no
lighting/internal gain, open all blinds, no OA, no exhaust fan)
“Realistic” cooling
6 days
RTU cooling, scheduled lighting/internal gain, night time
setback, exhaust fan running
“Realistic” heating
6 days
RTU heating, scheduled lighting/internal gain, night time
setback, exhaust fan running
8 wks
Including 4 weeks for setup, and limited repeats if needed.
Total time
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Discussion
Joshua New, Ph.D.
newjr@ornl.gov
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