Selecting and
Growing
Great Basin Natives
Scott Jensen, Jason Stettler, Miles Nielsen, Sean
Stanton
USDA FS RMRS
Grassland, Shrubland and Desert Ecosystem Research
Program, Provo, UT
Derrick Mathews, Cory Sample, TJ Ersfeld,
Seeds of Success interns through
Chicago Botanical Gardens
There are a plethora of plants on the
landscape, which are good candidates for
restoration?
Native Forb Utilization Categories
$80+
Limited Competition, Difficult to Produce
Moderate Cost
Least Expensive
Niche
Market
Species
1,000 lbs
Special Use
Species
Restoration Species
10,000 lbs
100,000 lbs
< $4 lb
Species Screening
• Agoseris
–
–
–
–
•
heterophylla
aurantiaca
grandiflora
glauca
Traits
– 1-3 scapes
– Solitary heads
– Wind dispersed
– Flower can be
extended with
supplemental water
Greenhouse-Based Plant Density Seed Increase Study
Agoseris heterophylla
Border Border
324
256
Border
Border
4
144
Border Border
400
144
Border Border
400
36
196
64
400
16
144
4
64
256
256
324
400
36
16
100
196
196
100
100
4
16
100
16
324
64
64
196
36
144
4
36
324
256
Border
Border
Horse Manure
Border
Border
Horse Manure
Border
Border
Potting Media
Border
Border
Potting Media
1lb of seed per 125 ft2
22 to 35 plants per square foot
Maturation time lengthens
8% weight difference between soil types.
Density derived seed weights were not significantly different.
Agoseris Production Categories
A. glauca
A. aurantiaca
A. heterophylla
A. grandiflora,
Species Screening
Lupinus
arbustus, argenteus
prunophilus, sericeus
Lupinus arbustus
16 pounds per acre from a 30% stand
50 pounds per acre from a 100% stand
Lupinus argenteus
35 pounds per acre
Lupinus sericeus
24 pounds per acre
Lupine Production Categories
L. argenteus
L. sericeus
L. arbustus
L.
prunophilus
Cultural Practices
• Disease and Weed Control
Soil Solarization
Disease Control
to 18”, temperature dependant
Weed Control
Most effective against annual weeds
Cheeseweed (Malv parviflora)
Field bindweed (Convolvus arvensis)
Nematode Control
To 12”, temperature dependant
Increased Plant Growth Response
Pathogen and weed control
Soluble nutrients more available
Beneficial bacteria survive and recolonize
Fountain Green Climate
Soil Steam Treatment
Probe Location - Soil Surface
Temperature Range Duration (minutes)
108 - 120 F
1750
120 -140 F
1535
140 F+
310
Probe Location – 3 inches beneath soil surface
Temperature Range Duration (minutes)
108 – 120°F
2705
120 – 140°F
615
140°F +
10
Root Transplant Studies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Scientific Name
Balsamorhiza hookeri
Balsamorhiza sagittata
Crepis acuminata
Crepis intermedia
Enceliopsis nudicaulis
Lomatium grayi
Lomatium nudicaule
Lomatium triternatum
Lupinus prunophilus
Common Name
Years to seed
Hooker's balsamroot
2
arrowleaf balsamroot
5
tapertip hawksbeard
3
limestone hawksbeard
3
nakedstem sunray
1
Gray's biscuitroot
2
barestem biscuitroot
2
nineleaf biscuitroot
2
hairy bigleaf lupine
1
2011 National Technology and Development
Projects
Development
of a specialized
seed harvester
Forest Service
Technology
&
for species with indeterminate ripening and
Development
seed shatter
characteristics.Program
Development of a propane fired weed control
service pack for thermal weed control in
nursery beds and seed production fields.
2010 SEEDS OF SUCCESS PROGRAM
TJ Ersfeld
Corey Sample
C:\Documents and Settings\sljensen\My
Documents\My Pictures\Downloaded
Albums\Cannon Card - Moultrie
Derek Matthews
exchange\Img_1413.Jpg
Jason Stettler
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funded
interns.
SOS Accomplishments
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Grasses 21 Collections
Forbs
237 Collections
Shrubs 144 Collections
Seed collections
Seed cleaning
Soil samples
Voucher prep
Database management
GIS species mapping
Seed increase planting
2 Species
63 Species
16 Species
Provisional Seed Zones
-Applications
- Seed Increase
Plant Materials Distribution by Seed Zone
Provisional Seed Zone
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 7
Zone 8
Zone 9
Zone 10
Rev_zone
<10 in. precip. / >80 Deg.
<10 in. precip. / <80 Deg.
10-14 in. precip. / 80-90 Deg.
14-24 in. precip. / 80-90 Deg.
10-14 in. precip. / 70-80 Deg.
14-24 in. precip. / 70-80 Deg.
10-14 in. precip. / <70 Deg.
14-24 in. precip. / <70 Deg.
<60 Deg.
>24 in. precip.
Total
Area (acres)
18,989,233
21,379,720
4,383,954
560,491
47,246,869
16,780,791
2,608,648
9,107,002
225,219
3,699,834
124,981,760
Collections
Sites
24
58
30
3
322
255
0
48
13
22
775
281
418
165
17
1361
867
59
317
20
254
3759
Distribution by Seed Zone
Species
Balsamorhiza hookeri
Balsamorhiza sagitatta
Cleome lutea
Cleome serulatta
Crepis acuminata
Crepis intermedia
Enceliopsis nudicaulis
Heliomeris multiflora var. nevadensis
Hesperostipa comata
Ipomopsis aggregata
Lomatium nudicaule
Lupinus argenteus
Lupinus sericeus
Penstemon pachyphyllus
Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia
Seed Zone
# Observations % Herbaria
2, 5, 6, 8
24
30%
2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10
82
50%
1, 2, 3, 5, 8
55
50%
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8
42
50%
1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10
168
50%
1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10
50
50%
1, 2, 3, 5
21
50%
1, 3, 5, 6, 8
17
20%
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8
163
50%
5, 6, 8, 10
42
60%
1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10
33
60%
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10
461
90%
2, 5, 6, 8, 10
13
60%
2, 5, 6, 7, 8
59
50%
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10
99
75%
Congruency Test
# collections/ records
Balsamorhiza sagitatta
Crepis accuminata
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
25
20
15
10
5
0
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 5
Zone 6
Collections
Zone 7
Herbaria
Zone 8
Zone 10
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 5
Collections
Zone 6
Zone 7 Zone 8 Zone 10
Herbaria Records
Congruency Test
Lupinus argenteus
Ipomopsis aggregata
140
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 8
Collections
Herbaria
Zone 10
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8 Zone 9 Zone 10
Collections
Herbaria
Zone Increase Plantings
Fountain Green, UT
Species
Arrowleaf balsamroot
aster
barestem biscuitroot
bigflower agoseris
cleftleaf wildheiotrope
coyote tobacco
desert frasera
flatbud pricklypoppy
Hooker's balsamroot
Limestone hawksbeard
manyflower thelypody
nakedstem sunray
Needle and thread grass
Nevada goldeneye
one flower helianthella
scarlet gilia
slender cinquefoil
smoothstem blazingstar
Tapertip hawksbeard
thickleaf beardtongue
whitestem blazingstar
Totals
Zone
6
5
5
6
5
7
5
5
2
2
2
6
6
10
5
5,6
6
1
Ephraim, UT
#Sources #rows/beds
1
1
1
1
2
11
1
7
1
8
1
2
2
3
1
1
3
3
5
5
1
1
3
12
7
8
4
15
1
1
3
7
1
1
2
3
2
4
4
9
1
1
47
104
Zone
#Sources #rows/beds
barestem biscuitroot
6
4
8
cleftleaf wildheiotrope
1
1
1
6, 8
8
16
nakedstem sunray
Needle and thread grass
Nevada goldeneye
5
2,3,5
5 or 6
1
21
3
3
36
12
longtube ipomopsis
5,6,10
3
4
smoothstem blazingstar
6
2
4
whitestem blazingstar
5
3
4
desert frasera
46
88
The End