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IAPRS & SIS,
Vol. 34, Part Table
4, “Geospatial
Theory, Processing
and Applications”,
2002
Table des matières Index des auteurs Recherches Sortir
UCI ACSG
PETROLEUM AND GAS RESEACH BY REMOTE SENSING
IN SOUTH CHINA SEA
Prof. Xu Ruisong
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
P.O.Box 1131, Guangzhou, China, 510640
E-mail: xurs@gig.ac.cn
KEYWORDS: South China Sea, Petroleum and Gas Anomaly, Remote Sensing Research, Correlation Analysis
ABSTRACT:
This study have been made SST processing by NOAA-11 CH4,5 band, false color image processing by NOAA-11
CH5,2,1 band, and more factor correlation analysis between gray value and thermal current value i.e. data in South
China Sea, with computer image processing system, after weed cloud, atmospheric modified, and geometry
rectification. The remote sensing data is from NOAA-11 in May 16-30, 1990, March 15-April 2, 1993 and April 12,
1994. The main study results as follow:
1. The temperature of sea surface is 1-3 oC higher than background value in petroleum and gas area of Yingo sea,
Pearl river mouth, Taiwan strait, and Lilou beach in South China Sea.
2. The hydrocarbonphilous microorganism, algae, and plankton on Yingo sea, Pearl river mouth, Taiwan strait,
Luzon sea, Lilou beach, and Honghe river mouth petroleum and gas area have been displayed special cherry red
color on NOAA-11 CH5,2,1 band false color image different from background color.
3. The gray value with NOAA-11 CH1,4,5 band, temperature on South China Sea surface, gravity, magnetic
anomaly and thermal current value have the best correlation. The gray value from NOAA-11 CH1 band has a
positive correlation with temperature on South China Sea surface, gravity anomaly and thermal current value;
has a negative correlation with magnetic anomaly. Gray value from NOAA-11 CH4,5 band has a positive
correlation with magnetic anomaly; has a negative correlation with temperature on South China Sea surface,
gravity anomaly and thermal current value.
4. According to research results, a few petroleum and gas prospect areas have been identified rapidly, economical
and accurately in Luzon sea, Honghe river mouth, Pearl river mouth and Lilou beach i.e. areas on South China
Sea.
1. INTRODUCTION
station and more band have been wide for study in
global marine environment, primary products,
resources, water color, carbon amount, carbon circle,
water and steam change over world, quantitative,
automation, and all weather i.e.(Xu Ruisong et al.
1990, 1992,1993,1997).
Land provide limited space for humanity life. So,
must study more nature rule for need more space and
resources from marine. But marine too large, change
fast at short time, just remote sensing is the best way
for marine resource and environment research
Since space age in 1960, remote sensing information
have been serviced for ocean shipping, marine
meteorology and marine engineering. World would
going to marine remote sensing century after been
launched the first ocean research satellite by U. S. A.
in 1970. People study use marine remote sensing in
areas of marine Physics, chemistry, meteorology,
ecology, geology, environment, pollution and
resources i.e.. In global change research, the remote
sensing information that from different satellite
1
Symposium on Geospatial Theory, Processing and Applications,
Symposium sur la théorie, les traitements et les applications des données Géospatiales, Ottawa 2002
IAPRS & SIS, Vol. 34, Part 4, “Geospatial Theory, Processing and Applications”, Ottawa, 2002
quickly, economy, quantitative, automation and all
weather.
South China Sea located in S 3°-N 25°, E 98°-123°.
It is the largest marginal sea in West Pacific and the
biggest tropics sea basin in the world(Fig.1). The
area is more than 360Km2. Geomorphology consist
with oceanic basin, trough, trench, continental slope,
continental shelf, and Island. South China Sea basin
is a rhombus one that long axle is direct to NE-SW.
The water of basin is over 3600M deep. The marine
trents are NE display, the deepest one is over 5559M.
The continental shelf near by Chinese main land,
India-China Peninsula, Indonesia archipelago is the
smoothest continental in the world. The widest one
is 285Km.The deepest one is 150m.The continental
near by Philipines is narrow, high and precipitous.
Water of continental slope is 150-3000m deep, the
slope is 1-2 degree, the widest is 555Km. South
China Sea is from tropics to subtropics, it has a
striking tropical marine meteorology. There are rich
regenerated and nonregenerated resources in South
China Sea, include more than 500 Thousands Km2
Petroleum and gas basin, the reserves is more than
150 billion barrels. Today, there are many petroleum
companies to exploration and developed petroleum
and gas in continental shelf around South China Sea.
Because there are wide and far from main land in
petroleum and gas basin of South China Sea, so take
the greatest cost, get bear fruit from oceanic
petroleum and gas exploration. This study stress the
essentials problem, that are remote sensing theory,
technology, and application model for oceanic
petroleum and gas exploration. The aim is provide
judging by oceanic petroleum and gas exploration
through research and theory analysis.
Fig. 1. NOAA-11 false color image and study area of South
China Sea. Data is from NOAA-11 of 1993,3,15 to 1993,4,2.
The false color image has been analysis with computer image
processing system after weed cloud, atmospheric modified,
and geometry rectification from NOAA-11 CH1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Red color is vegetation on land in image, yellow and green
color is bear land, gray green color is cloud, light gray color is
Pacific water in East South China Sea, blue gray color is India
Oceanic water on West South China Sea, deep blue color is
the stay long time water on middle South China Sea.
2. DATA RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS
2.1. Relationship Between Surfer Temperature
and Marine Petroleum and Gas of South China
Sea
This study had token NOAA-11 digit data from
1990,5,16 to 1993,3,15-4,2 on South China Sea for
SST analysis with CH4, 5, after weed cloud,
atmospheric modified, and geometry rectification by
computer image processing system. Results display
in Fig.2, 3, 4. SST model is:
Ts=C1+C2Tb+C3Tb2
Ts-research temperature on sea surfer, Tb-gray value
of NOAA-11 thermal band, C-correlation coefficient.
Temperature error is 1 oC in low latitude area by SST
model.
IAPRS & SIS, Vol. 34, Part 4, “Geospatial Theory, Processing and Applications”, Ottawa, 2002
Fig.3. NOAA-11 SST analysis image in North gulf of South
China Sea. Data is from NOAA-11 CH4,5 in 1990,5,16 to
5,30. More than 27oC is Yingo sea petroleum and gas deposit
in image. More than 26oC is Ya-13 petroleum and gas deposit
Fig.2. NOAA-11 false color image after SST analysis in
prospect area.
South China Sea. Data is from NOAA-11 CH4,5 in 1993,3,15
to 4,2. Blue green color is 23oC. Red color is 33oC. It is 0.5oC
every color hue.
study made out false color image with a line stretch
from
NOAA-11
CH5,2,1
in
1994,4,12.
Hydrocarbonphilous marine biology display special
cherry red color on NOAA-11 false image different
from background sea water(Fig.5,6).
Fig.4. NOAA-11 SST analysis image in Pearl river mouth to
Taiwan strait of South China Sea. Data is from NOAA-11
CH4,5 in 1990,5,30. More than 25 is Huezhou-1 petroleum
and gas deposit in image. More than 24 is petroleum and gas
prospect area.
2.2. Hydrocarbonphilous marine biology data
research and analysis
According to trace percolation principle, there are
rich hydrocarbonphilous microoganism, algae and
plankton on sea water that is rich hydrocarbon. This
Fig.5. NOAA-11 CH5,2,1 false color image in North gulf of
South China Sea from 1994,4,12. Petroleum and gas basin of
Yingo sea and Honghe river mouth is displayed deep yellow
color in image. Hydrocarbonphilous marine biology is
displayed special cherry red color line and block.
IAPRS & SIS, Vol. 34, Part 4, “Geospatial Theory, Processing and Applications”, Ottawa, 2002
12.116°30′ 12°00′ 26.70 6 23 21 90 -50 60
13.116°30′ 10°30′ 26.60 4 24 23 -10 100 60
14.111°10′ 8°45′ 27.00 6 21 19
0 -70 60
15.111°30′ 4°30′ 27.30 6 20 18 30 -30 100
16.108°35′ 8°00′ 27.00 7 20 17 30 -50 80
17.112°35′ 7°20′ 26.00 6 22 20 20 -50 60
Note: T-temperature(oC). CH1,CH4,CH5-NOAA-11 CH1,4,5
gray
value.
Gr-gravity
anomaly(mgal).
Ma-magnetic
2
anomaly(nT). Th-thermal current value(mw/m ).
Table 2. The results of more factor correlation analysis
Y
X1
X2
T
CH1
CH4
oC
X3
CH5
X4
X5
Gr
0-255 0-255 0-255 mgal
Ma
nT
X6
Th
mn/m2
MV 26.78 6.53 21.76 20.24 26.24 -17.35 81.76
EM
1.61 0.634 6.25 8.43 9.963 1.895 9.485
Y
1
X1 .133
Fig.6. NOAA-11 CH5,2,1 false color image in Luzon sea
from 1994,4,12. Hydrocarbonphilous marine biology is
displayed special cherry red color in image.
1
X2 -.384 -502
1
C X3 .355 -.301 .910
X4 .202
.300 -.040 -.020
X5 .040 -.103 .131
2.3.
More
Factor
Correlation
Analysis
Between
X6 .245
1
1
.122 -.253
1
.422 -.359 -.390 -.243 .085 1
Petroleum and Gas Research and NOAA-11 digit Data in
Note: MV-mean square value. EM-error of mean square.
Nansha sea area of South China Sea
C-correlation coefficient. T,CH1,4,5,Gr,Ma,and Th-same as
This study select NOAA-11 CH1,4,5 gray value data,
Table 1.
petroleum and gas research data at 17 same sample points
from Nansha sea area of South China Sea in 1993,3,15-4,2
3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
with more factor correlation analysis(Table 1). The study
results at Table 2.
Table 1. Data of NOAA-11 and petroleum and gas
exploration from Nansha sea area of South China Sea.
No Longitude Latitude
T
CH1 CH4 CH5 Gr Ma Th.
1.112°20′ 10°40′ 26.30 6 23 21 -10 25 120
2.113°30′ 10°00′ 26.50 5 23 22 30 -60 60
3.115°30′ 9°13′ 26.70 4 24 24 10 -30 60
4.112°50′ 7°00′ 26.90 6 22 20 30 20 60
5.109°40′ 7°30′ 26.80 10 22 23 60
6.109°40′ 6°35′ 26.90 9 19 18
0 60
0 -30 120
7.110°30′ 5°45′ 26.20 8 20 18 30 20 90
8.110°40′ 5°35′ 27.40 6 20 18 40 20 90
9.111°25′ 4°50′ 27.30 7 21 19 38 -20 90
10.109°45′ 4°30′ 27.20 8 23 21 30 10 120
11.108°40′ 5°40′ 26.50 7 23 22 28 0 60
3.1.Relation between sea surface Temperature and
Petroleum and Gas Basin of South China Sea
On the basis of this study, sea surface temperature is
different from South to North and East to West in South
China Sea. The feature is South area higher than North,
East area higher than West. The sea surface
temperature different value is high to 10oC from South
to North and East to West of South China Sea. Study
results show, sea surface temperature can direct sea
petroleum and gas exploration. For example, sea
surface temperature of Yingo sea petroleum and gas
basin is 1-2oC higher than background (Fig.3), Pearl
river mouth and Taiwan strait is 2-3oC higher than
background, (Fig.4), Lilou beach of Nansha sea, South
China Sea is 2oC higher than background (Fig.2).
IAPRS & SIS, Vol. 34, Part 4, “Geospatial Theory, Processing and Applications”, Ottawa, 2002
3.2.Remote sensing study of Hydrocarbonphilous
marine biology
NOAA-11 CH 2.1 false color show, there are rich
hydrocarbonphilous marine biology in North gulf and
Luzon sea Petroleum and gas basins, south China Sea,
and special cherry red color in petroleum and gas
basins different from background (Fig.5.6).
3.3. More Factor Correlation Study
Modal of more factor correlation analysis is:
Y=47.65+0.23X1-0.0918X2-0.0181X3-0.0435X4-0.35
X5-0.464X6
The mean of Y, X1-6 is same as Table 2. F is
0.5911.According to study results, sea surface
temperature and NOAA-11 CH 1.4.5 gray value is the
best correlation with gravity, magnetic anomaly and
thermal current value. The gray value of NOAA-11
CH1 is positive correlation with temperature on South
China Sea surface, graving anomaly and thermal
current value; have a negative correlation with
magnetic anomaly.
The gray value of NOAA-11 CH 4.5 is positive
correlation with magnetic anomaly; have a negative
correlation with temperature on South China Sea
surface, gravity anomaly and thermal current value
(Table 2).
3.4. On the basis of research results, a few petroleum
and gas prospect areas have been identified rapidly,
economical and accurately in Luzon sea, Honghe river
mouth, Pearl river mouth, and Lilou beach i.e. areas on
south China Sea.
3.5.This study results need more marine petroleum
and gas exploration data to test.
REFERENCES
Xu Ruisong, 1990, Geobotanicall remote sensing in
China, Proceedings of Remote sensing in the Minnig
and petroleum Indstries, Landon.
Xu Ruisong, 1992, Cooperative developing and
research in basin of South China Sea, Remote sensing
information.
Xu Ruisong, 1992 Remote sensing study of Gold
Biogechemical Effects is the Western. GuangdongHainan, Region, Acta Geological sinica, 5(4),411-425.
XU Ruisong, Remote sensing situation and trend in the
world, Technology and application of remote sensing,
5, PP. 38-41.
Xu Ruisong, 1997, A Preliminarg study on chlorophyll
remote sensing in Nansha Islands sea area, Science
Press, PP. 133-142.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
I thank Chinese Academy of sciences, south China sea
institute of Chinese Academy of and Chinese
Meteorological Bureau who give me good service for
my project.