/
/
/International Council for the
/' Exploration of the Sea
C.M.1994/G:40
Demersal Fish Committee
,/'
RUSSIAN INVESTIGATIONS ON COD AND HADDOCK
IN'THE BARENTS SEA AND ADJACENT WATERS IN
NOVEMBER 1993 - JANUARY 1994
by
YU.M.Lepesevich, M.S.Shevelev, V.A.Ermolchev,
M.V.Ermolchev, S.V.Ratushny
f
-Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography
(PINRO), 6 Knipovich Street, 183763, Murmansk, Russia
ABSTRACT
Annual traditional trawl-acoustic survey for stock assessment and
estimation of young cod and haddock in the Barents Sea and
adjacent waters was carried out by three Russian research vessels
in November. 1993 - January 1994.
The investigations over the area surveyed showed the abundance of
cod and haddock from the 1992-1993 yearclasses to be estimated
at a level close to the long-term mean value. The 1991 cod
yearclass is mean abundant and that of haddock is rich one.
,•
Early in 1994 the total abundance and biomass of cod over the
area covered made up 783 mill.indiv. and 1252 thou.t, of which
719 mill.indiv. and 1242 thou.t pertained to commercial stock.
Total abundance and biomass of haddock reached 1595 mill.indiv.
and 8~7 th6u.t, with 1350 mill.indiv. and 843 thou.t constituting
the commercial stock .
For some technical reasons not a whole area was surveyed,
therefore,
the
estimates
obtained
were
somewhat
lower.
Nevertheless, an increment in haddock stock and stabilization of
that of cod were noted.
INTRODUCTION
The trawl-acoustic survey to assess juveniles and bottom fish
stocks in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters has been regularly
carried out since 1984. It was based on the traditional trawl
survey for assessment of young bottom fish at the first three
years of life, conducted in autumn-winter since 1948 (Trambachev,
1981). This allowed to use the long-term observations by indices
for cod and haddock abundance to assess the yearclasses strength
(Melyantsev, Salmov, 1985) and. to forecast recruitment· of
commercial stocks. In the second half of 80' s the acoustic
methods for estimating abundance of bottom fish distributed in a
10m - layer (Zaferman, Serebrov, 1985; Dorchenkov, 1986, 1991)
allowed to overcome, to a certain extent, disadvantages of the
2
methods previosly applied for bottom fish stocks assessment.
MATERIALS ANO METHODS
The trawl-acoustic survey for assessment of juveniles and cod and
haddock stocks was conducted by the Russian RVs "Professor
Marti", "Fridtjof Nansen" and "PINRO" in the Barents Sea and
adjacent waters in November 1993 - January 1994 (Fig.1).
compared to 1992 the investigations were done in later time and
and a lesser area was covered. In total 346 hauls were done with
a bottom trawl from 40 to 800 m depths, 294 of them were taken
above 500 m depth.
.
The
survey
methods
remained
without
changes
(Shevelev ,
Dorchenkov, Mamylov, 1990). The whole area was splitted into 26
strata pooled into ICES areas·I, IIa and IIb.
The survey data were IBM processed using SAE (Stock Abundance
Estimation) software , developed in PINRO (Ermolchev V.A.,
Ermolchev M.V.).The latter allows to estimate the bottom fish
abundance and biomass to a high accuracy, especially under
inhomogeneous distribution of aggregations densitYi to determine
errors in each stratum, area and total error of
poststratification over the whole area on the basis of analysis for
integral variations and fish target strength in the area
surveyed.
Upon completing the survey a post-stratification was done, i.e.
the whole area was divided into 26 strata for cod and 21 - for
haddock. Calculations of abundance, biomass and errors for each
stratum, areas (I, IIa and IIb) and the whole area were performed
with SAE software by two methods, i.e. classic and selective ones
(all the echo-intensities are distributed by several numerical
levels). As for the first method, the post stratification error
for cod varied from stratum to stratum from 9 to 46%, with total
error being 9.5%. By the second one the post-stratification error
for some strata decreased by more than 10 times, varying from
stratum to stratum from 1.3 to 27.2%, with total error
constituting 3.5% - for the whole area,
2.0% - for Subarea I,
10.7% - for Div.lla and 9.3% - for Div.llb (Tables 3 and 4). For
haddock the error varied by strata within 12-53% and total error
made up 16% (the 1st method). The error also decreased for some
strata by more than 10 times, varying from 2 to 30% (the 2nd
method) and total error made up 4.9% - for the whole area, 5.2% for Subarea I, 8.8% - for Oiv.lla and 24.8% - for Oiv.llb
(Tables 7 and 8).
Total error should also include those caused by other sourees,
such as species identification of echo-intensities, variation in
parameters of environments (temperature, salinity), variation in
weather conditions, as weIl as incomplete assessment of fish
distribution and later period of the survey performance. At
present it is difficult to determine the error values, however,
the cod and haddock stock is suggested to be assessed
incompletely during the survey for 1993-1994.
•
...
•
3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
•
~.
•
·
.
In autumn-winter cod and haddock active migration to spawning and
wintering grounds led to the fish longer staying in pelagial.
50% of haddock and 53% of cod were'distributed in it and fish
were easily registered using echosounder.
At the same time the earlier transport of drifting ice and heavy
ice coverage did not allow ~ö cover the West spitsbergen area and
reulted in a shortening' of the number of stations in the
northwest. Besides, unfavourable weather conditions and fuel
problems resulted in essential intervals when performing the
survey and prevented from investigating the Barents Sea area to
,the east of 42°E.Compared to 1992 the area surveyed decreased
approximately by 20%, mainly due to the areas where an essential
amount of young and adult specimens was distributed in 1992 and
a duration of the survey was extended
by a month. These
circumstances
reasonably
suggest
that
a
considerable
underestimation of cod and haddock took place during the survey,
particularly in Subarea I. Dense aggregations of cod were,found
in the frontal zone area in the northwest (Fig.2). Fish migration
along the spitsbergen Current to the spawning and wintering
grounds was not yet a mass onei cod with low fatness continued to
feed on polar cod.
In the second half of November a peak of cod
migration in the western direction was registered in the south of
the sea. Simultaneously, a considerable amount of large mature
specimens migrating for
spawning was
found
in Div.IIa.
Aggregations of mean density, represented mainly by fish above 3
yr, have occupied a vast area (from 23°E to the eastern boundary
of the area of operations) in the southern Barents Sea (Fig.2).
Pattern of fish distribution indicates availability of essential
fish aggregations outside the area surveyed in the east.
Main haddock aggregations were traditionally observed in the
southern part under the water temperature above 3°C (Fig.3).
Unlike cod, the distribution of haddock both the adult and young
specimens, had more eastern direction and a large quantity of
fish remained outside the area covered. Only single specimens of
haddock were found in catches from the northwest.
•
Young fish assessment
The 1991 cod yearclass abundance, previously estimated as mean,
reached the mean yearclass level in 1993 mainly due to an
increase in the index for abundance from Div.lIb (Table 1). The
1992 yearclass at age 1+, being characterized as a rich one at a
fingerling stage, occurred to be lower than the average by the
results from the 1993 assessment, with the mean catch of this
yearclass cod taken from the southern Barents Sea reducing by 10
times. The 1993 yearclass is also estimated to be below the
average.
---
~----------------
---
-
--
4
The 1991 haddock yearclass, the abundance of which in 1992 was
estimated as above the average, j oined a group of abundant
yearclasses, what confirmed the estimate for this yearclass
obtained from o-group fish assessment (Table 2). The 1992
yearclass from a category of average ones passed to the level
below the mean. The abundance of, fingerlings from 1993 is lower
than the long-term mean.
The values obtained are probably underestimated. Pattern of
distribution of young cod and haddock at age 0+ and 1+ shows an
essential amount of fish to remain outside the area surveyed in
the northwest an~, particularly, in the east. Another reasons for
the underestimation of juveniles from the 1992-1993 yearclasses
are their distribution mainly in pelagial and later settling into
the bottom layers.
'
A possibility of high young fish mortality is also impossible to
exclude as a result of cannibalism and predation, which a
reduction in the quantity of capelin - the main food object for
cod - contributed to. Another reason for such reduction in,
abundance of fish at age 0+ and 1+ is, probably, a low survival
of fish during the first wintering ( for 1992 yearclass) and in
autumn 1993 (mainly for fish at age 0+) because of deterioration
of the nutritive base.
•
•
with allowance for the areas not surveyed the 1991-1993 cod
yearclasses and those of haddock for 1992-1993 could be
considered as mean abundant what is close to the estimates
obtained from O-group fish survey (Anon., 1993).
stock assessment'
Cod. Total abundance and biomass of cod on the Barents Sea shelf
made up 783 mill.indiv. and 1252 thou.t respectively, of which
719 mill.indiv., and 1242 thou.t pertain to commercial stock
(Tables 5 and 6). Compared to 1992 the commercial stock abundance
grew by 1.2 times, what is somewhat lower than it was expected,
considering a recruitment of 1988-1990 rich yearclassess to the
stock. Specimens from the 1988-1990 yearclasses (above 80% of
commercial stock) constitute the bulk of catches. Biomass of
commercial stock decreased by 1.2 times relative to the 1992
level. Along with the underestimation'of
commercial size fish,
this results from a retarded growth rate of specimens due to a
deterioration of the nutritive base in 1993 which led to a
reduction in fish mean weight, as weIl as to a withdrawal of
adult age groups as a result of fishery. About 50% of the total
biomass constitute the 1988-1989 yearclasses.
Haddock. Total abundance and biomass of haddock (Tables 9, 10)
made up 1595 mill.indiv. and 887 thou.t, respectively, of which
1350 mill.indiv. and 843 thou.t pertain to commercial stock.
Compared to 1992 the haddock commercial stock increased by 5
times and biomass - by 3 times mainly due to a recruitment of the
1990 abundant yearclass to the commercial stock (about 70% of
total abundance and 60% of total biomass).
•
•
•
5
CONCLUSIONS
•
•
1. The abundance of the 1992-1993 cod and haddock yearclasses is
estimated at the level close to the long-term mean. Cod at age 2+
from the 1991 yearclass is set at the level of mean abundant and
that of haddock for the same year - as a rich one.
2. Early in 1994 the total abundance and biomass of cod
constituted 783 mill.indiv. and 1252 thou.t, respectively, of
which 719 mill.indiv. and 1252 thou.t pertain to commercial
stock. Specimens from the 1988-1990 yearclasses made up the bulk
of cod catches. Total abundance and biomass of haddock, relative
to the level in 1992, have grown by 5 and 3 times, respectively,
and were 1595 mill.indiv. and 887 thou.t, of which 1350
mill.indiv. and 843 thou.t pertain to commercial stock. specimens
from the 1990 abundant yearclass make up the bulk of haddock
stock .
6
R E F E REN CES
ANON., 1994.Preliminary report of the International O-group
fish survey in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in
August-September 1993. ICES C.M. 1994/G:3, p.37.
DORCHENKOV, A.E. 1986. Estimation of abundance and biomass of
fish in a bottom layer by hydroacoustic methode In:
Rybnoe khozyaistvo, 5:40-43 (in Russian).
DORCHENKOV, A.E. 1991. Combined trawl-acoustic surveys. NCSD
Acoustic Workshop, August, 1991, St.John's, Canada.
ERMOLCHEV, V.A., ERMOLCHEV, M.V.1994. Status and ways of
improving the hydroacoustic method for commercial
fish stock assessment at present. In: Materials of
PINRO Report Session for 1993. - Murmansk, 11 p.
(in Russian) .
MELYANTSEV, R.V., SALMOV, V.Z. 1985. Estimate of abundance of
cod yearclasses according to young fish survey data.
ICES C.M. 1985/G: 10, 12 p.
SHEVELEV, M.S., DORCHENKOV, A.E., MAMYLOV, V.S., 1990. Soviet
investigations of cod, haddock'and redfish in the
Barents Sea and adjacent waters in 1989. ICES C.M.
1990/ G:8, 22 p. (mimeo).
TRAMBACHEV, M.F. 1981. Young cod in the Barents Sea and Bear
Island-Spitsbergen area in the autumn and winter
1978-1979. Annls.biol.,Copenh.,1981(1979),
36:107-109.
ZAFERMAN, M.L., SEREBROV, L.I. 1985. Methods and results of
studying the coefficients df trawl efficiency. In:
Investigations on optimization of fishery and on
improvement of fishing gears. VNIRO, Moscow, 84 p.
(in Russian).
•
1
"
.
Tabl.e L
.('
Mt~an
catch8S 0(' 1-3 years ale! c~od in the southern Bar~!nt~3 Sea (I)
and in th8 B8ar I~::larlcl-Spitsber'gen arf:'a (IIb) in 197Ci-1G93
(sp~~c. p~r' i-hour trar:1 i ng)
Age
YE~ar-
: ---------------------------------------------- .. --------------- .. ----------: ag8 of' 2-3 Y8EtrS 01(1
s·
'.'
A
1
197G
t977
19'?E;
l';j79
1980
1981
L.-
<:
.(
198:3
1987
19[:38
l'd1:;:;::1
1990
1991
1992
1....
"*
.'d c
"t,,=,
.,..
~)<~ulud
11))
..1
...l.
1
1.
1
t
1
t
4.
•1
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1
1
<
A
1
Q
'-'
9
...l
r,
.:.
10
<- 1
<"'l
(.'
<.
:
.-.
J
<:
l'd82
1984
1985
1913G
I
< 1.
f:,
(,
<<:
<.
1
'1
...
I
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6
10
r-m
""'
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5
i ng C~rl! . I'al ar I'!
1
1
1
t
1
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1
< ...1.
I+IIb:
0
11.
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'J
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:
1
1
<1
<1
<- 1.
<- 1
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<- 1
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Table 2
!v1ean
8
young; haddock at. th8 f'i r'st- t.hi r,d
)l8ar'S 01' 1 i 1'8 in t.h8 w8st8rn, (~8ntra] and coastal
Gfitdl8S 0['
Bar8nts S8Ei in 1970-1993 (Sp8G. P8l"' 1-hour trawling)
Y8dr-class
----------
'fears of 1 if8
M8an at tht:!
: -------------: ------------: --------------: s8Gond-t.hird
1
2
: 3 : y8ars of 1 j f8
.1
.1
10
1970
A
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1
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.
.
-----_1_---------- __ 1
~"),,5
r,
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,,:1
n
.....
l~(<..'"'>
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1974
H:;75
15
163
r,r::
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14
96
59
ro
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j3
tl
A .-...,...." 'r'\
l.~,{-:.
.. r-..,....,...
l'dfO
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(
1
1979
.c..
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1980
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1982
t...
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l'dÖu
A
1
23
40
1984
9
5
1985
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l'döO
1987
1988
19;::~q
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1
l'd(Ö
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1977
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9
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59
79
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1991
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1948-1993
,-.. . .
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•
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Table :3, ~-Abundanc8 of eOd 8ccordi.ng' t.o d.qta from t.r-Elwl-acollstic
5urvcy cilrrj ed out· j n· November 'J 'Y~:~ - .J ~~;Iary t~~1~14, IndI.' of ·spoc.
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