on
h STWt OF fSE ?2fMlI 0 C0SfBW Of 0i!l« BOSS mMB
O&E00S3 SSfAftS AOSIcmaWft&t C0II3<8B
iMT^W^ .-.T ^nrrtgtwwr
In pwptiaX fulfillmsat of
th© ■psqwir^raesit^ for tho
&fmmMt
Wtrnxptrnmy P fi\# ■ I i^MteCTrnhBtuteu-n", i w mi 9 ■"> ^■■i rrti ■
T.^fffflm-apreryga ,.'m mi^.o-ym"*'
load of Bepartmaat ®£ food© tmzl l-atritiosi.
Chairman ©f CcsjaEiltt^o
OB
Graduate 3tu^<
W£E OF GOm$8M!&
God, i&t?©sp
BOS'©
p©fil3Pi!
oxX ^«^^-«»*«»'*'"*-«»«*-**'«»->i*«*,i*--«»«>ii<»«!»«»«i»'«s»«»«oat«ap-
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J-J
A'mtdelaved yeast ^»e.«*»—=■«»«!.«»«««=.—»—*-*«!.■=»««■ 15.
Flea of Smjerifiae&^&l Merles «»««-«.«!»•*«««»«*»**-«=».*
iS'UiiiSHil^l?*^
<:»«s*o»«=»s=» «»^*=» esJ«i:ca«=a<«»e=»B=a«»c:»£=l«=t^»^ae*i «di
C».CM
cb «=»■ «a -^ ei O «* <^ e=* <=» » ttJ» (3* e=p «a» <=. ei. <i=9 ta c^
is
-oO
A
mwi
OF THE
vrara O COa^BOT?
OP 0R260H BOS© PMHS
lat^oduetloa
Siac© tlio 2?©eogaitioii of titssaia 0 (82) ©^ &&
ossenttisil fact©!1 1m toasaaa ^tfitioa^ ©ompar^tiirolgr ^©w
t€!St3 liaif© h®m ^a^rieifl. out oa t&Sf pf,eg©a©© of this
present pii3>e© of ?©s@©s?c33. ^a© tuii^ta^aft
Histoptoal
fli© amltipl© aatu®© of ^ltm%n B Has to©©a proved
and i2gapllfi<sd maay tiiaos sia©© ©oMfeerger aad Li Hi© ID, <>
and Smltla .^nd 8<mcls>lcfe (S) gav© safeisfactory ©vSdene©
that fitatiSm B Imfaifoet two i&Qtm® of iaport&ae© for
yoimg rttiSa
0a© of tbegOj, not? taiom as vitasia 0^
Goldberg©?? ©ailod th.0 P«P ^iteaniag adduelag ameti e^i^
dene© that it uagi ^oneefaefiL in ttm prov^ntlon ami &m>®
of huamaa peXlagrt.^
ftag'issg tlm past fiim ya'&rs ©iridoac^ haa ijeen pro*.
&©nte<l iB#i©.at&2ig th$> fnytlier ditisloa of the vitsasiia B
oosapless imtiX.s at tb© pyesesit tiatep fous? faetoys af© not
oxily r@cogiaise<a but ha"?© bt^n mor1© os? loss aeparstod^
and the probability of at i©mpt oa© mor© is appar©nt«Uilliasas and VMtQwm&M 13) g&OTJOd im thoir ©siperlmoifttssl
tjorlt that pijgeoas re^talrod e©Bi©thtog not aoodod b^r
yoang rats 9. sine© msmal insight of pigeons ^oiaM not
bo malatsiaeS ©a a oliet ttmt support©4 n^fmal gro^tli £a
anil f®Mmp ($)$ Etsat |6|? aai loader fS) |j)r©iQmt©4 ©vi*don©© f02? %h& (Skl^te&m of tfe© <®it&m%m U' eos^lojs iafe© at
of tsh© Jpa'fe* j&Qtospj foftd©!3 If) Qmo a@r© ©oswine&ng ovi*
strn fiis^Q^ofti It gpasibio %o ®m®®toWtsi&® two ^f ^11©®^
■and fmaaa tliet tfe© tliif^ mmt ®ktl% fe© aidefi. to ©aatoi©
Urn onlmal© to ,pw to jsmsixusa (a€ml% ©is^»
SMs tM^H
f$,etoif ^h© first; ®&X%®d ^itasiiE- %s M% r^e^atiy &©$ PO**
aasQiS it B^
(B}Q
slai?© tli© plgooa g^'gutli faetof S© a^t?
fli© most w&pout publiea^ioas ©©aeesp-ASti tultfe tfas
emitiplleltf of tin© tl&^eaiB S oompi©S5 fsiMeot© th© pfOB*
ablJitf of still ^aothe^ factQ^*
fbi^c ®n& ^oppSui (©)
■toftV© ^©^©iosally ©allsfi this %gi©fe©r lc? and telie^o i^
is not iioatl©^! u&tfo vitondttd %p % w %* ftoio
"Factor l*'1 ®.pmw& to b© tbo osaly on© sfcieh will with-*
etiaM Tboth toist ®ad alSsali* .
fitomi^ 0 in.goods*
fiiii© r^velnatioia of foMs
in f^gsr^L to thoix" ^itaraia B content tee 1S>©©& 'iiaiit©i.j
©oaj© sSgaifleomt oi.tiai.i©© oono©s,a©4 %^ltli siaelj 's p^obloa
have b©ea ©a^l©^ out o
Mvmt {&) s &tt®® ia^tstigmtiisg tJj©
tlm% all tfe© s?&t© reeeitr.iag m Qtlmf miw®® &i vitasaiss 0
dewlo^c® s^ptosas la^iea'&i^© of pellstg^aa ia6li<s®t|^g
tlmt vjli©fe.t aad edm 4^0 boU^ lon.tsi this f&i&$©8»»
Alqp©^d
aa4 Eo&eo® 10) ia©a© as iuv^atigatloa. of xAe^t and aal^© ■
feo^aeli fop thoiv -tiitm&n © eo»fe©a^«
fji©y 0©m©l-«.a66?
fi**©te. ttoib fete ^ritcsiie, © ©ojato&fc of tjl^sat .aaig aa4i© la
gDoy^ ttet of
SQ4§©'
beisag mi %■&© r&ele t^uot> ©»<& Q©©aa€|
tlaat fciio isosw aiai teas a^o lb©^t©x5. 0©isp©©a tMsi tli© en&o**
apej^s*
X.®S9 ©stoiiotiro ©ssperisejata ©g5OT&<g& on by til©©©
aeai© woriseFta isadieatod tke.^ fijpiefi peat li&ve a
.XO^J
vitesiia
© coatont^, tEat d^isd atocvt aafi ©gg yolk car© fcilx5' sot»e©og
aael tlmt ftol©^
QS;
Xiv<&r§: yG&st aad tJholo mllfe ax5© ®%&et*>
lent aot»©©@ of tiiis f&sfco^*
iforl? bf Slaiago- end Bsadlo
110) iadioiitod fc'kmt ^Mte broad eojatalns sea© i^itssnisi B3,
but, t&atJ
WJ IS
6®flal«at in Q9 and tb^t tjMl© wHesat Twoo*!
not oaly ©oiitsaiii© v$.%m&n B% but tes asi tsaplo gwppiy of
iFitEjaln 0 £ox» grautli*
Slsgl© 111).;,, to i&©©tiiag iaO»©j fo^
vitaain coatoa^p fomBi it dowid of bot& witiaifelra B| aad
^itsaiia 0«'
HoagX®ad &ss& SajdL©i» (18^ earr.lod
OB
a .grmais
of ossp^^ia^ats for tte pmrpos© of #©^oBalal&g' tfeo fsla^
tSxr© ©moumt© of titm&n d to ocam©x»aial, bsef ©sit^aefe *
Rosmits 0feotJ©d that 8©$ of ^x»l@d loan boof fupaldft&d a«jf*
fLoiOBt fi^gftiaia § for1 fait* growth ©a4 ti^ for osieolie&te
grwitfe*
Is^tsiasfeF (IS)- ioxmik Titaala § to bo a Xialtiag
fmt©® ii& E'si IfiiBn^f %©aag draft 5.a©!dlmg is polisfesiQ, '&!km*
AfeafA fl4l Gihotf^d fc&Bfc ^Sfow** aM %a^(8>i]L<§fi'3 pic© ^©i9©
b^ttek p^os? eoupo^d of ^ites&a #a osuSl ai&o that m&XlQK io
loo in esxSLd tFltaaime
©o^i of Kma^eli flS| imdidatdfi fctofcfe
l®ab ©osatala apip>^#ii£iaat©lf
^!E©
©mao tm-aatl^S.©©' of ^itcmim
fli© s©Xo©ti@a of the bcss^ gear f^i5 lmif©©l
eauao It 'Vj©a ii©slf ©d ^© &<M> Hjo tli© 4®.^© not? ^.©evsaaaXafeis^
tM$: pa?0d!tt<&$9
lE^eBaiir© sfaileo &ai?© b#©s &t&&$ bf ths
complete <6hesQ&.oal aaaijtlO' of tM# tr$u?lo^r»
Im niMttoSjj
s furaell peisdireh pr^l©©^ i^aMEig wi.tb m0^fe§40 of bafel^i
fea^s &&0 Tseea ^^p^iti oa this f©^!3 ia tli© tap^ftmeEt ©f
©
io tyofk tes been |mblis!i©d on tha ■wttmsln § eon**
tent of toooc pec^s^ k©ftce, this study hopes not onif to
supploEienfc those other studios conducted on tbis csaapms'
tmt also to add to the coeumliatine Imotrileag© of the
diatrihution of th%8 ^Itrntn in foods.
IsfpegMieotajL
iJjQino aad pied r^ts
YJOF©
usod In the ©scpeplEient.
fSlOo© aafcitils wer^i daisied in ov^ oraa atoek colony or In
tlao eoloay bolongin^ to th© ilniaal 13ut3?ltion Bopartment
of the A.-jpieiiltmral Bjiperisaont Station at
College a
QFGQQKI
St at©
Qw? stocl: ajaimals havej, tmtAX this year> boen
f@d for a. mcfo^r of geno^atlosn
OB
tho Ssiltfe, and Bin^
aodifieatios* of ghc?.iaa*s diot ;/13 (17) with tho addition
of 5 gfa^-ja of loan Meet th^eo tiao® a wools:, X5 gp.asis
of X^tttie© daily and 9 s^^Be of yoast \mQkly9 during
pregnancy and l&qt&tion«
This yoas? sorao ^©riationo havo.
hoon aad© in om1 stocli diota ands as a yoaultg aosa© of
the anlaals have boon roa^od on tho ahoiro diet.,, others
on Shgjsjfaaa'g unraodifiod diet fX8)9 and still othojps on
Stoenhools's stools diet (*k®) *
All of th©so diets haim
boon found adequate fos? aatisfactoi-y gs'Ofjth and ropro^
duation*,
fhe animals isar© vjeaned •whoa twonty-on.® days
old ©nd at twonty^eisht days of ag@ vmr® placed on
os^t^isiSkEit.ijl i&®&a<a
fM&
%M.
%Sm pwm'<$&&o fallowed "faf
f&Qrmo&j mA falai©^ 14); s. tHLXX&m&e t3&'$®wrmm m<& irn^ia
(20}-9
R<a«s© ®£ tn&lg&ts a^ tH© ^g£nn&»s o^ %h© ©3^©2?IS.*
si@Btal. pe^lofi cms iwom BB to ^s gr'a?aafl feh© a^os'ag© tioi^t
flae esp.triaeat©! p.©f£o4 ©ontiamai for tea tt
oleirem ti?©Q&§, from tii© b®slimS.iig of1 the ttftoh mok
$Q
ths
©aa of tin© fourtdentu off fift@Qatli $$6te of th© ra^'a ISf©d
%hl$ belag tfe© p©2»|©d tiai'iao wiai<§li fehe S'at ^©t/s mosfe
•animal© 'cre^is al@@ eostitiisa©^ fOJp © p@rl@€l of SQ$ lomg©^
fli© rmte «7©r© kept in XmltwM'mX aetal 0sg0© y&tti
iraal©©<a a^i5©©!! toefet©®© t© pswoniU topraffeagf*
Sally eiai?©
6on©l®t©d %n f>©©0f©3?7 of fooi^ gi^iiig of fV©9l3 wa.to*'^
f©©€isi^ ©f pupileii^^tSj), ©ng. ®^l?iag obao^atsiosiQp
Bassi
yafciom riere giir©® f^0©l3r tout Qm'&fuX !?©©€ ^©ig&t© x^o^©
mato*
thB sasiia&lg tj©s»© wei@li©(S. uoolsl^j, ©3? ©ft©&©5p ivhoa
n©©©eQaff.p- ©ad ila© aaoimS of f©©a ©oafiisaoA tma dotor*
alnQfi and ^©©©s^Sed foi? the aam© ^©©!cS.f iategf^alSs
Susp^
pl©m©2ita tr©!?© f©d dallj and isssaodiat© ©©aemiaptioB tJ©Q;
©tofeai?J©d ^y isitMiolding tmeaX diotg*
fb© aniiaale tjer© dlsteibiat©d ©sni ¥^ri©ias ©sperS.^
montai di©ti witTa t?©ightp a©5t aad ©neoat^f all takoa isat©
consldsration in order that aay iaflneae© &ao to thm®
factors might "be ©Qualiz'od In each ©xporlmontal -stales*
At %®mt slji anlmols were fed ©aoh typ© of ©siperimentai
ratiottg. and in most e&3§a aordo
111 jpats wer© ls@pt upon the b&sal diet alon© -until
gs?OTOtJi had ceased or a slight loss in wei'gjht h^d ocom^redc
•This period rangad tfcm sal/on to sigst©©E! dmyso
Follotrdisg
thiat depletion period tho animals reeeivod the basal di$t
with or vrithout tho addition of supplement a*, according to
the ©xperinental serios in which the^r ^©r© plaeodb
BaaAl Pif>ts
ffwo basal diets w©r© used in tho easperimonto
Diet Ap evolved by Uunaell (15) of tho TJ. 89 Bu«
rcau of Horn© Eeonoaico, is es followss
casein (B and G £pe®) -.-.-««—«
18^1
destFinizcd stayeh ■*-»*.^«"-«,«»^««.
38
v/hol© v/hito corn igromd! ■ =*"*=•«='
SO
cod livor oil =»■»*»■*»».«•»»-.«=.««=,-.=*
g
Oshorne end Kondel salt mlsso^-^
4
10(#
Diet Bs used in the ShoifTiian laboratory as a diet
free from hoth vitamins B^ and § iSff)-* was used in somO
of the series?
cod liv^j? oil i******?^*^^**^.**-^^.*!.*.
g
Osborn© and te©a^<al stlt ails****
4
Mot A Is not coapletelir fpeod ffoa vitanin § Tbtat
has Tjoen alio^a to Toe msffie&ently laefcing in this vite*'
min to pffodme© th© syaptOBSf, stf'te^ a long period of tim©*
tasually ©ttg'ibttted to d avitaulnosiei and it Is xmll
adapted to ©sipe^itaesatal
XSOTIS.
in. whieti tho additive ©ff@0t
©f © foot aatez^ifil is tosiag ifcost©6.«>
Ito saieetioa in
pr©f©F©ne© to otliep vitenia G-^fro© Slots was mad© lb©*'
ceus© owi3 laboratory does mot ftav© faoilitie® for est0H==
sive pwaLfioatioa^ m.& up to tfe© p^aaont tis© no om© im-a
foimd an ©atlrol^ satisfactory a©thod that doet not &»«
voiv© great oap@ns#^
Frepag'S.tloa, airsol .Fuglficat.l.Qa .of ;€omatitiao|iti of Bsa^l.
Biota
CageiBo.
Ivans and Burf (21) anS later P&taer aad
Kennedy (4) found bettor growth ia a diot la wtalofe torn**
iiQrelal oasoia was used th©a vjrith. the purified profimet,
indieatiag that th© former profeabiy carries soa© of th©
growth proraotisag vltarala.
fhe^e are several aetliodt
9
reeoMaosacleel fey varioma nutrition laboratories foy th®
purification of easeto*
Ostjorn©, Vjakemaa and Pes-rf (2.2) *
Sherman and Spoba (85) ©attract with a&cofoolo
Falraei* and
Itonrndy (4) also follow a method of aloofeol ©sxtraetioa
after having prepared their casein froa rat; millc toy th©
grain curd method,; HOI "being used ae the preeipitating
agento
Ohiok @nd Eoseo© (24). purify ©aselnogen by vmah*-
ing in acetic aeM and then extracting with alcohol*
The method adopted for our us© was e^olired by
SteenboclCp Sell and lelson (tS) and has been used in other
laboratories«,
A preliainsry teat was made in our ovm
laboratory to determine the efficiency of this raefchod in
obtaining a product corapsrable to that purified for i;it®~
nins B and 0 in the Harris laboratories*
The result© of
this toet showed our caaein to be of like purity,
'pQ3itriniaed| Starch.
Carbohydrates may be added to
the diet in the fora of starch or deittriEu
vary in this procedure»
taboratoriei
Osborne? llakeman and Ferry (22)
use starch &nd have demonstrated by aany experiments that
it furnished carbohydrate in a fora adequate for the nor*
sasl nutrition of the rat*
Sherman 123) ^ Kennedy and
Palraer (4)a Willlsaas and Waterman (3) and Steenboek and
Gross (26) daxtrlnlz© their starch<. • Chick and Hosco© (21);
uae rice etarchd
'Phe method used In our laboratory Is
that described by Palsacr and Kennedy (4t) in which the
10
aft©!* aoist©aiag i^lt^ ® IjJ ©itri© a©id aolutiom.,
Btrnttegfat was p2?©$a;r<s>a T>y meXts&ag f^©s^ creemez^
butter2 produced at 6>f>©goa Si^i&t© College flftiry? ^ &
^©fflpe^atw® t>©loti 60° ia^ doeaa^iag mud filtering thfov^a.
e'todor^^nt ©ottoE in q>M©r tfeat the sotlte ««id tsratsoap pr©^**
©nt mi^fe b® FQiao'9ed«
Bateof fenKft leanfety (S8) and
Osbarae, UaJsaaitn amt Fewy (SS) used tMa motX^d^
Salt Siaifera?©«
■ ill'1
■.
■':■!
Os^orB© &nd ia©ftd©l Salt lalxtiupo
(S©) tJes ^©©a ia the b&s&l diets» f&is ia
OR©
of the ©ell
re©©gais<?i. salt aisttwres fos? aeoting the raineral requi^o*ment of tho rat*
CQ4.
3-iyey oi,l (Squibb41 s) waa u&ed tiirougbcfut tbo
esper^ient in tbe
aai J>4
WB&I
diets as'a eoupee of fitaaias A
liatoorefcogie® differ as to their aettoods of addiag
this tm%QT to the diet*
Afereydp Chiek asad toseoo (@ aM
87) give daily doeeB of O«08 to 0«1 ®pedne« ^eryaaan anfi
$fi«a&M (SO) gii?© 5 to 6 drops twice & week*
Shersoaa aad
aaadelfi (5E) ineiuded it as 2$ of the basal diet.
Our
saethod of foiadisagi) ineorporatiag it ae 2% of the Tbasial
diet is followed TSy Uillltas a»d l?ateraan |S5)5 A^tm^fei5
(13), SSuneell (15), QuinE and Briaba^lt (54) and sberm&ft
and Spoto IS3)«
TShite ;Qorno
The white corn (Champ White Pearl)
used In th© ©speriment was o^taised frosa the Portlaad S©©#
11
Qomprnji, ?©3?tlfitnis Ovogonp ancl waa growia in ©mi" ova,
XaboratOFy*
fk© ecsra wa© iaearporatei fto s gotw©© of
vitgtajia B]jj ana T?hile vitamin 0 is not ontiroly Xaekiag#
its eotitmt Ms boon aho^n t© fe© tr^ipy
1O«J»
Etuna©!! CiSl
fonaa it euf^i«ientXj- low ia this i?itaaia to pye^mee
?©©@§siiso€ vitttaia f ddfioioncy syaptca®*
Boso &ew&*
Th.® vebaonB for the soiection ot boad
peia^s a© a popssltsl©' tour©© of vitamin f hav© pjp^^ioiasXy
b©©a stated*
Beeaus© of the- other esp©risa©at.©l work l&o-isig
doa© on p^a^-s iia ow? iastitutioa^ t*?© t7^j?6 abi© to obtate
asid st^nddrft eomditioai,*
'fho ^ose pears ugefi ia tho ^speriaeat
VIQ%>®
hm?*
ve&ted^ ifipda©^ aad stored uader th© dir^otion of th©
Bepartaaat o? Hortieulttwo * in &66ard&ae£ with the pspft*
cedtei3© no«r udeS fw mwkot pyaetiees«
fh© pecure w@r©
orddped thr©ttgh Kr* H^nyf H$.^teaa und ^©r© toft^veetod by
th$ ?'ianaele Peking ®mpmy Qt n®&f-m&t> Oregon •
III th©
pears had b©iia baPVQdted by Bopt<sajboiP th© thirteonth aael
placed la stp^ag© at the Somthera ©yagoa B^aaeh SsipQFim^at
Station st & temperattspe of 58® F*
fh© lot from triaiok
th@s© ©aperimontal pears e»a@ v/as ©Sapped bf espr©©0.9
ar^iiriag in -QorvaXlld on lotemb'ef* tbo foiaftli*
IsiiEeSiataly upon arrival» tho peas's wero plaeod la
a T±pm%®$ ohambe? and ripened under tlm direction of P?»
12
Oscar DowA and Mr* &« L« E^gg of th© ftepafftmeat of BortS<»
culture »■
feiapopature of th© ripening elaaabei" uass hold at
approjclmateXy ©Sd Fo
^Sa© ripening proeeas tools sisi deyg*
At th© ©ad of the period tli© peaFS vi?@i»© deliiFef td
to Wimlsley5 g Gresmorf tTliar© thBj t^re JaeXS ©t approsi^
otatgly 33° F& for two ds»,ys2. end were them d©liiF©]p0«l
preparatory to tb© flfying proe©s$*
fta© drying of th© psgirs mts ioao tonder tia© 4ireo*
tion of BSr*' Tfeoaag Onsdorff of tlx© Ho^tieultTar'al P^otoetB
Dopai'taoiit,
Ja preparation the pearu were cut lengths
wise into quarters o
fhoj were thon laid; on metal screens *
with the skin aid© &Qvm so that tho iaaido wouia not fe©
in contact with the metal o
lestg they were placed in ®M
Oregon fuanel EeQirciaiation Prtth© Dryer, which had beea
preheated^ and were dried at a temperatiar© atreragia^
160° F, (never in eiteeis of IBS'0 F*)«.
Dry air \ms kepi
aoving by a circulating <3raft at fthout 600 feet per min<*
uto*
fhe pears were allowed to: dry for ® period of 64
howrso
After drying they ?i©re tightly sealeiol in zaaaber
2 1/8 ©ans and opened only for iamediat® u$©*
Chemical aaalypii was maae on the pears by Mr.« ]>«
S* Bullis of the Cheaistry Department of feegon state
College«
Eesults- of ash and aoiature analysis are ©hoim
in the followingg
13
«00&94
ChXoriad
c?>C3i><^a*,a^-
,OO0@f
irwd© f^ti©^ *•*•« i*4s
fte fniit was! ©^©i Mt a@1& pia©l04* ^ ©©apesit©
samplO' of ©n© fmisftes* of Qmh of fi fftaits ims soei. f®^
the ©T&©^<Si ©aaiys©©^ ©u©©Lot ^#f @^ud© fil)<3i? vfkmn ©a© ^mss5*
t©2? of ©ash of XO fg^itti vm© nm&»
fall per^eatages
WPISI
oaleialated m %hG> im$h fruit tesiQa
fhe aeietm0© eeateat ©I1 ^fe.© horn peog- tokm f^em
®mip 1Q& <8sp%®& Tfff tfa® ©bov© om^liiti©!! pwomBB xms tovm& %@
bo BfmfH
^tool-iayg)^.. yo.^Qfe uap u0©<& ©a a Isamm ©oii^e© of
?lt©®£ii t foi3 ©omffari©©!! with
5
IJ©®!
la ^Ms fastas?*
®oMb&j?ge3P ©ai E.illio: CD 0l>s©g',?r©d bh&t tu®w® was
B©
daetstMSt&oji #f tJi© vitBaia $ 69at^nt -of yeast tfoea lioa^ei
in tte €itat©©lg,f© at 15 pmmdo protsyy© far tt?o aad oa©*
b^etwfojp©* j®mt for aiai feoapg at i?&f^©oa pe^ES©
PW&QQW®
©bfcsia © fUbstmne© S^o ^om ^t'SaiBim S^ bw^ oosataiaiag
titaiai^ ©»
Hmit Is) ©btaimod deeired r@®mltsi vMm ©uttfli*
elairisg ^oi5 .fopj3 how© ©^ 15 poiaaSc!. ^©s^w1©*
^
14
' tt&© ia@@t reeoiat ©sp©s?is©®.t&i ©orte on autoela^e®!.
yotsgt m a ©©^<e© of .titomia © ia6A<e®^©Si tlia^ @i© Myir©®'©^
ton ©otte^atfatioa
UIQ
© faet^f,
MB
soao iffifteeats©. w@m tlao mtQutlom ®t
Hililasaa and Wate^aaa ISO) o^^io^ on _a
tli© ^11 of tb0 y©aat t)©!1©?© ®ttto©lii^ifig*
^ft.os5' sis feoiari
auto©l^i?lng &t 10 p^imdi ^essiM5© la a ire^ w&te aeid
^.Itssais Bi bmt ©©fio^is losses of ^ItcMia ■§ were als®
fensaad*
fime^ whllo tli©Is1 vmtfk $M<W<$^ that lnytoogott
®®mzont%'&ti.oto
TOS
IOB
imporfcawtj, tbey ostsbiighefi no better
saotSaodg foip treating jeasst to Qo^feroy asffiisMa asROuuat$ &f
®J, aaift ■rstfiii.a a aasdmsa quantity of fit ©Balm ©*
Boated (&) toatod yeaat eEti'aet fox3 oao hour at
ItO^ 13 o -at pS 9e0 to 3P©t©la tritaaia § and shotJOdj thro'ag^
$>-&t"*$$>Qvib'h ojiperto^ati s that felaia faetoi3 ?/ae still prosQatin. YQm$«
Su0C'©@0ful n?.estj?u^tlosi of th© $ factox5 wa,® only
&#desa$liili©'d hf this ia^estlgatoF iafter & Sisi houE5 ositra©^
0fe5,#k and Bo$©0© 1361 foumt feppr^ima^oly SOjl
Aoiit2?u©tl0n of fltaala § whosi lisatiag y©ast fox" to© b.our©
at a t^aporatiiiJ?© of 98*100° Co and at a pi 8*3...
Th&j tm>*>
tfeor found that yo@st at tlio normal, hydrogoia Ion coneosn^
tra^ieia (pi ftboat 5*0) snaffars no dotjgraiitta'bl© loss iia
IB
Ffoa this ©trideaed w feaw eoneMied tiliat faiato*
elating ^y yeasfe for flira hows at 15 pounds pi^Siftaf© at
fch© ^^igiaal hyd^Qgen iosa e^a^^mtFatioa Ij® 6^0| is siagv
fiei©at foff |l©st3P©yi2ig th© '^ittaiala S-^ f©eto^ ©ind for r©^
taislng tli© f ylfcm&n m£il<B%mh f^F nosaal gror/tli wH©^
fod ©*& a leirO'll of O^S grases aailf^..
ftiat tills TOtiioi of omtodlafiBi i® ©ffoetii?^ nm
inrthQw 60toniiii@4 la ou^ o^m. lafeof^ato^j %n a 0©s?i©© &$
pvQl$x&7i&vy %Q®b$ vh&n w$mpt©m& of polyneixxrifcia vmfQ
%>®®,€kt2j 4©v©3.op-@<l oa a pwiflo^ tiofe f^l^t; B) 0«ppli$^
montod by tMs ©Tetoelated jesgs^*
t&o faot that tlm ®8M.**
tlon of ©utoelatoi yo^gt to tii#. Maal diet CMet .&) ©up^
plem^Bls 4t to til© ©gstenl t&afc ^Ofmal grdtjtfe %& o^talasd
fuftfee^ iB^So&tos fch&fc ©w* method of itiit©elav|ag
PMB
p©r,im©nt,p was obtaia^^l fFoa th© .Fl«sitel»BEm Toelet' 0oa^
paiaf> 3K!0tr fork Olt^*
follow©?
f&0 aaalfsl© of tMs feast w^'s aQ
moisfcw?© ?»44^fi px'dt^ia 48,0|l? fat l*f^j
^h© liy^-ogou loa ■eoaeoRtesttidB tyat found feo b©'pl 640*
fhi© tms c&amg©€ to pB 5*0 mft©s» mtotelmlm^ .t^w f&fO
hoi^e at 16 p&wM© p^eamr&o
0*S ^as® of tfedi tFielaal
yeast furxxiahod; groutli wfeea add^d to a Tbasal diet oth©x»*
PiQa of .Sapeg&iaeatal Soy log
fh© aniraals were diirifieA Into tan groiips tAth
to oio-tren s?at© la oadh aori©©*
B$M
\gMl© th@ ssaall raasab^f of
aaiamls in oaeh g^©1^? preimsts tli© ds^awls^g of definit©
csnelttsloasy tho rasttltg obtaiatd at least allot/ ©oytaia
pi»6dietiong to b© s©d@«
fv/o- gfoups of negative eoatroia tmro ®&t$bl±Bfo®®.<t
m^ only hQQmx&B it uas desls'od t© S:©ei»© s|T«ptoms of ©
a^itiminO'Sis but p^laa^iiy to to^t th© # ^©fieiency of
th© l&asal diet A*
Series !<,
Met ik aloa©o
Series 11 o
Sl@t S &l.©n©6
To provo that ®w tesaj. diet A oao ad^^iaat© -with
the @3£"e©ption of a aoui0©® of ^Iteala 0^ tihr©© positive
control ©©s?l©s T/oy© ©stablislaecJU
B<S)V%m llio
Bstsal df©t 4 pltis OsS grams
of autoelaired yeast fed as a, daily s-appleaaBt <>
fhis lev©! tes Tbeoa fotmd smfficioat fox» siap^
flying vitmin 6 hj Iteoyd and Houeo© (56)
AJitmaysr (13}
9
Ssafies S?«
s
and €liiek and Eoseo© (36)*
Basal di©t A plus a daily
supplement of QoS'griias atttoela^ed yeast and
OoS ^aas d^ied pear (equivalent to 4*15 ^«a@
11
£a?e#h poar)*
fb® p©w was aM©ta in thio cas©s
£02? tlze purpose of dotenuiniiig if t&s "baaal ^.iot
supplemented bj sutoclafcd yeast was adequst©
ia itself foj? supporting siastiaiim grov/tl^
Sepios ¥o
Boool diot B plus OoS «ytaBO
of dried ygs&sfc fed ao' & daily stipplGxaent »■
I'irio rosaiuid©?? of the ©SEpeplpontaX seriG® v;a@ ooaeo3?23s©d with •tla© foodlBg of vwious lovola of dried ps^
aa a source of ^ivoiiin & a« daily aDipploaonts to tSio
basal diet 4*
SIio pear i^as foci vitlii tla© p-aypoa© of
fictox^aiaiaga if po^si'olo^ tlio @aoimt of this food needoi.
to prodmoo iii e rat? oil a diot Dtliortjis© dovold or aoaic>iy
fro© .from vitoaxim 6^ a tlsreo grains gain per t/ools ovei* a
period of ©igbt
WO©IES«
fMs is tiie aQa0m?e for a imlt
of vitamin 6 tliat has "boon eafcaljlishod ia Slio2taan?0
la'oo^atorj afc CQXii5i%l& Wai^o^sity (30)«
In the e^ront
that tli© basal diet proved not to b© sufficiently doiroM
of the 6 urifcasin to aaiBtaia a ©tstioaary noigSit tJiroia^iout tli© ©zperisoata]. periods at loast an aMitiir© effoe^
:aight I)© ofegorired t/fei^li viould. indi^ato th© relative rie^
nesa of "bos© poar as a souro© ©f fitaain 0-o
TSius^ tfe©
osjporiGicntal series wor© arran^od as follot^ss
Series VI»
Diet A plus '0*6
G^^^S
dried
l&ogsc pea?' (©qmi-Hraloat to 4*16 grass frosHi. poci11)
fed daily*
Soipies? VII*
Diet A plus 0*76 ©pamg
^l^d pear (0<>23 gram fr©j3h) as a daily
supplement.«
Serio? ?lli«
Diet k plu$ 1 gram driot
pear |8a29 grama frosh) fed daily*
Series I3C»
Diet A pirns 1*5 gpcsa® d^iod
peas* 'ClS*M graos fir©©!! p©ar) f«d daily<>
RESUIffg
.Series I » Basal Dipt Aa
(fable le,]
Xn observing Table 1 it will fee noted that they©
is a nid© variation in th© gaina m^d© during th© S-week
©aperiasBtal period*
It is alaeEm that tsiaiiaal ^ 1021
gained ©nif 5 g^asas and that animal ^ 1025 gained 36
gpsias dicing tM© period ow that 1001 made onlj 11*54^' of
the gain made by aiiimal 1038.
difficult to ©iiplaitio
Such % wide vari^tioa i@
file aiaim^ls f/ere of the ^8m© sesi
they rje^e litter jaate^j. they wer© ©ml)jested to esaetly
th© same laho^atory aoiiditioasg and their diet Y<m&lLm&
the- a©®© throiaghout the p®x»iod»
f©fence eannot "be m.#©oj?ded
%Q
fisi,the's,mQr©^ the dif"
the wide ^e^iatiOE in food
intake sine© th© average feed ^onsi!»©d by 1025 was 39*3'?'
gr©aia^ while that eonsmaed by lOBl averaged SY^SO .gr«sas
or 906 8/1 of th© food intake of 1085«
fhe -esplanation
10
will apparently have to be aotaght By ©tj^QPiring tb© t^-end
of weights after the
8-W©Q1S
pe^idds
glvon tfeo
BOIOVJ &VQ
woigfets of th© two llttef' rmkm tfolh. plaeed ©a basal diet
A aad ea^fiefi for 16 voolm^ a periofi twit® as long as that
estahliaheei m espensental *
SJo*
$©js
depletion jjoplod
5ep3SSg" '~TiSr*
^©i^t
weight
Height at
ona Of
8«*w0@lc
period
Weight at
©nd of
period
Weight At
®n& &t
16*ii»e6lE
period
1&«>X3@QIZ
? 1081
41
47
50
SS
59
? 10g$
3©
45
n
78
79
Caleulatins the srewag© gain mad©' hy th© txm
aBimaltp it is fonmd that 1081 made 41S^ oS the gia&ia
mad© by 3,085'
O^OP
th© 16«*©©©l2 period <s
■O.o^papiiog thia
figm8© i?ith 11*0 fop tii© original estperSmoatftl period *
it may be ohseirved that appa^antly the weight of aaiaal
lOgS tends to he lolled off and more aearty approeehea
the low ^at© of gain ehara^teri^tie of 1090#
Flgupes
show that pfaetifally the sarae g©im wa^ sad© by the
animal® dttfiag the 8*- to IS^week period*
the fa@t that the airer&$6 gein fo^ this aeries it
approssiwately $ gr&nd 11^93)' Indicator thats
(1) the
eonetituents of the diet are not entirely freed from
^itamifi §8 IS) that a^mie oth^f* growth promoting faetor i@
present« ©r (3) that the eaaperiseatal animal has bodily
reserved of « gwowth promoting vltest&n«
20
There are at least tx:o possible sources fot vitamin 0 in tho foaaai diet, the casein and the rhito- corSb
Soidherger and Ma assoeiates (40) showed that cageia
still siay have pellagra-preventing value after "being
leached in acidulated uater for a i^eelc i7lth the tmtei"
changed daily.
Chick and Roseoe {84) believe that they
can render their casein practically free from vitamin d
only after prolonged extraction with 80 or ^®jl a©idifi©d
alcohol.„ drying and roasting for S days at 1^0° 0o
It
was ehoiTn In this laboratory that & purified diet 5 in
which -©as©in tma the only possible aouree of tho © vita*
min^ preduoed a less in weight of 8*4 grass and death
i^ithin a $lx week periodp thus indicating that the diet
was. practically free from vitaain @.
It has previously
.been mentioned that Munsell |15) found whit© corn to be
not entirely laeking in vitamin ©^ touts sufficiently devoid
of it to produce 0 deficiency symptoma^
Even though the weight eurtes of ahteal© on "basal
diet A show a little aore grot/th than maintenance through*
out the experimental periods, observation of the other ex**periEaental series vdll show that growth vms restricted to
a point decidedly below noraalj, and that when supplemented
v/ltli autoclaired yeast g, a proved source of vitamin G9 the
rate of weight increase was 8^*94$ greater than.on hasal
diet A un3uppieaented.fi
21
Syaptons of vitaTiln 0 cleficleaey roeordod hj In*
vestlg&tors have feeon somevyjiat/ varleclo
O-oldbei'gof and
LI Hi© (1) publlalaM th©lr otoa^r vat Ions In 3t©g6 la whloh
they records
arrest of growths a t©adoncy for the li&t
of th© ©yes to adlo.oro togetherj, and often aa aecnaula*
tion of dried oooretlon on. tli© narglns of the- llda? &
losi of fur which usually fceeon in Irregularly distrlb^
ut0# patehea^ often first noticed on-th© side OT over th©top ©f th© h©ads the aides or S'ront of th® no€k or in tli©
regions of the sheuldes9®«, in mm cases resulting In ial«
aiO'St tosiplete denudations the devclopca^nti of d©r$A&tifc!jp
tyith OF without the loss of fuj» on various psrts of th®
hodys definlt© reddenins and thickening of the ears with
a yelltmish incrustation of dried sertM*
In a fevi case©,
it was ohservod that the sniKala presented a linear fie*»
surlng or uleei'atloa at the angle© of the moutho
In a
somewhat larger nuxaher of cfises there lira© observed &.
lesion $.t th© tip of the tongue,.
two oasei.o
Diarrhea ms noted is
The shortest period recorded hy these %n**
vedtlgatorg. in which dermatitis appeared \.ms approxi**
mately ©even wee!f®«
Ohick and Hoscoe i%7) described the condition of
rats on a diet deficient in vitamin 0 In the following
manners
'^he body weight was usually saintninedj, but
the antoals were in poor condition^ they were thin ©nd
active p with romsla coat acd with 'ar3.ne slightly blood
stained *
Loss of hair took piece aad red InflaKied
patches of s1;in appeared on the nose and on the backs ®£
the fore feet,, uMeh later "became edemcitous»
There tms
a marked oonjunotivltlu had in some caaes the ea^s alao
became fed and thickened?
The inflamed areas opyead ami
often Involved the hind legs and whole areas arotmd the
nose .and aoiithi soaetimes the cheat fee cam© has?© and ia~
flasefis
fhe anlsals survived 2 to 5 woelc# or looser la
thle caMltion feefor© death oeT/aired*
On pest aiortem
examiaation there uas no definite aacroseopie signs esi"
eept a veyy rrnhealthy condition of the whole alimentary
tract9 especially in the sraall intestines which shoued
signs of atrophy of the mucus aembraa© and often con**
talned blood-stained laucous,16
'Chick and Hoscoe (84) later reported that on a
basal diet gmppleaaented with Petes,'(,s antioeuritiQ concentrate as a souree of tritmsin B^ but free from vitaaia
6j \'yeights of yoimg x^ats w®v® kept nearly eca^tant for
three months or r.ior©fl: with fair appetite and no outeard
sysptoiag with the e^eeptlon of skin abnonaalttles siaiilar
to those previously dcscrifeecU
Sherman and Sandels (SS)
reported that when, vlt&trlm 6 XJ&B restricted within certain limits 5, pellagra "like s^aptoms appeared slailar to
those deacribed by doldberger and Chick and RogcoOs but
thQj fmth.®® pspo^ted that ia ©gg@.s of tJaost complet©
deprivation ©f this iritajalBj aeath frdqueatly oectuwed
tslttout- the ^<s?©I©p®oafe of ©oaspldiecma skin Bfrn^trnma
Sewrs s^siptoma of § avi^aainodie ^eoardofi bg?
th©so inv^etigfttova Ijave not te©©B obad^ved in ©tar lato*
oratory tout som<0 of the ehapaetdpistie esrsiptoaa bave
notod=.
1J<S«©SI
puling the 8-t!r©©fe osperiaemtal period^ tho only
di-seos'isibX'© reactions to § defi^lene^r hav© b^on the lot?
yate of grouthp siuggisbnes© of novemeatta ant sppai'satlf
a Imming o$ iritaiitfo
Ad th©. imimaiis hava been ci&pffieS,
©a 01?©^ a perioa. vf several iaQ2ith@,s othep otaapacteriBtiOB
lm^© sppeafofi*
fh© sfein boeemes ^y ana the fuu? losog
Its Imst©^ and f^ll© out easily«
Sluggieimea? becomeo
©ton naop© apparent ©s th© psyiod l©agth©sig».
Bjmsj. t&il®
and fe©t touo taleon on yath@3? e blisiaSi easita
Autopsies
performed at fch© end of the 8*weok disperiseiat^i p0Fi©€
shov; fiQ definite ®im® Ot 4«fi«ion*y ^eoept that all
organs apples4 to be under^i^ed* just as the animal is ra*
tarded in ©poritho
fh© fact that we did not obtaim symp**
tc«i$ found by previous inirestigatora may be eaepl&ined- b^
a ator9 of vitigifflln § in the sniaual body;s. by a low vitfimin
© ©ont^nt of the -^orn diotp oy by tho pre$ene« of dome
other fasto* asaooiatod t?ith the 0 vitamin*
24
6.®gie>Q . £1»
Basal Blot B.jlaelgimg yitaaiauB Bi aad 0)0,
fMs series tuas introduced fOF ths* purpose @f test-^
ing th© eaa©in a^ a possible ©owe© of vitamin 0*
E©t'
suits in fal>l0 II «how tlm% a Fsipid d©elia© in o$igh.t (to
average of 8 .-4 gr®sas) result@d xsh^n aaiiaaXs rj<sr© r©strieted to tMs di©tp. and that de&th od^'orrod vjit&da a
6«*T?;©©J£
period*
?Ms t/ould indicate tliat ®m> method of
cas©in purification vjas aatisftetory and that the animals
reserve $tor© of vitamin © t;as aoon oxhmistod if placed
on 0. diet lacking this factor^
From these results it
would appear that corn is proMbly the only constituent
of hasal diet A $hich contains small famouttts of vitamin $♦
.Series HI*
BasalMet k plus Oo5 grams of
witoelaved yeast*
■■■r»'
;
.'■
':"..'.,
.ini
(fahl© IXI.)
■ ■ iL.nir..' m,,/,, '., -.-.I.-.IV ■u.v..-;'.
-..M,
I
I
,t,ir
I
Observations of the weight charts and table® for
this series ihcra that the addition of GoS grams of auto«
claved yeast to basal diet A supplies a .growth factor to
such, an eiitent that normal growth is ©btained-*
Average
gains for this series show a x?ei@ht iacrease of 14*69
grams per vioek over the B^vimlt period^ which ia well t?lth<*
in the atandsard ©stahlished by aany authorities for normal
growth*
Further observations of these figures ^ill shot?
that the averag© grouth on this aeries (14*60 grams) traa
25
seven times gipeatoy than tlm% obtained from fcedimg basal
diot A mi9uppl@ment©d (1692 gFami!)s further Indicating
the efficient of autoeliaiFtSid yeast in providing vltmdm @
t7h©a fed e% © levoi of 0.0 srem«*
■Sapjea
ZVP
Basal
Diet A plus 0*6 grfnasof autaelMM
yoaat plus.Q-aS*.ggaiaa pefeya , (Tabl© XV°);
fia© lnc^tu»i<m of this series In the experlmeatal
plan 1730 fop tbe ptjff'pose of detorminlng wiiotfeer the ftddl*
tlon of 0.0.5 greaas of autoela^ed ye^st to the basal diet, A
pi'odue^d laa&lsawsa growth, ot whothog0 furtliei* ©dditioa of
vitamin ©j &$ suppllod by pearp would produce added lri«*
ereaa© isa i^elght*
4t the present time Indications a^e
that the ©ddltloa of OoS gram® of dried peas? have a supplementarf ©ffeetp predueing an added soaount of .^owth*
Average gala obtained from, this ■aerios tms 19^56 gfisigs
while th&t ebt9.itted from bas&l diet k with Q+5 g^asua of
autoeliivei jeast as the only supplsaent was 14*69 gFa©i«
fh© g^o^i/th on basal diet & plus autoelaved yeast vm mlf
^^e^fs, of that predttced vhen 0*6 gram® of pear ©er© added»
fhis faet indleatei that the pear Is supplflng some
limiting factor In the diet which Is 6 growth fact©**
Such a conclusion as this can hardly be drawn due to the
fact that vm are. eoaparlng four anlsuaXft In series VI with
nine animals In seriee ZH*
SISJ
litter mates are still
86
■being uonttnu©& oa'tbt^ diet in order that the nmil)©!0 of
ease8 Till! be sore ooxaparafol©«
Xndioationa ir<&a tMs
group, wMch has been on %h.e diet for a period of 5 t?o@ks.p
would se&a to $h.avs that th© addition of pear to this
pooitlve eontrol group (bssai diet A plma 0*8 grems fttttoeiaireid yeafitt) has ao smpplesientary tff^ete
*PJB&
average
gain p©r tjoak fro® these two eyries at th© ond of the $<*
I7©6fc period t!?©e ad&nti«al <dl*40 groans)/,,
flits would
indicate that tho msutiUmm amoaat of vitamins. Bj. and 0 wm
supplied In th© positive control frompc- all ssdontial
growth faetor-s Tb©ins Frasent*
I3r©fjiag ©onoliuiioas froa
& period of this langtb of tima is the practloa ^dvo€at:@d
by Akroyd and E0®'a©9 (©) in vfo&tta they disr^gtrd the first
woels's growth and w© aiforage vj^ttf growth during th©
fallowing 4 imsolss e^ th© ©t-anderd for ©oaparlsono
Sher^
man (40) al^o ^tatea that eamevcvtB mnpubllshod data iadl-*
cat© that an ©xp@rCental period torainating at the ©nd
of 4 or 5 waoks glvos better result®.*
fhl© was found to
be particularly advisable whfcn fractions of food produeti
rather than the natural materials were being tested for
their vitesain § values«
telai^^Sigal Bjet, B plMQ®>&^mmjf
dried yeast * (fable V«)
Since this basal diet substituted with 0^5 srsaii.
27
of dried yeast ims been found gatlstacto^y for normal
grotf/fciu
Tills series was introdiseod as a elieck against
other positive control series.»
Driod yoaat as a source of yitaaia Bi Ms ^©©a
raeognizM for goia© tiiaes and its value ag a sowco of
vitaaia © is noi"/ apparGato
In 192© it vm& rBportod hj
Akroyd and Sosco© C9) to ooataia B to 10 Akroyd«Hoscoo
iritamin 0 imita pas? gras fth© amount r©quired daily to
maiHtain a weekly gain of 11 to 14 grams)«
'Quimi* Whalon
end Hartley (41) found 10 to SO Bourcula units per
(3 to 0 gspmt® gain r/oekly)-*
QTQM
The figur© for aimr&ge gain
of animals in gorioa V, 15405 gnaasj, indicates that this
diet ©doQuatoly suppliod vitfflain 0*
S®rl®gi yi,,
Sa.gal Met, jk pte-s; 0»S grinae
of drie4 peag*. .(Table ?Io.')
fli© poar was ©dde>d daily to tii© fosmol diet as sa
soure© of viti&ffitn © according to the method® outlined
under experimental proeedmreu
Observations of Table 31
■(Suaasary Table) ahot) that the negative ©ontrol group on
the unaiipplometttgd diet A made an aferag.® gain per
of 1692 grams?
TSQQU
tlSaen 0*5 grams daily dosage of pear was
fed in addition to this basal di©t9 the average gain wag
4*70 grams per week or approximately a gain 2«5 tiaioa
greater than th© basal diet alone*
■Series VJX*. Basal Blet Aplmg^O^ys
dgled peeo*»
(f a^lg .Vn...)
The growth flgtares of tM© g^emp are of v©l«© fof
cs^parlaoB luitfe those of both the M^al dl©t uasmpplo"*
mantels *aM T/koa supplementetl by •©#© gi»ass of' dried $&&,£?
It Is ahouM that ©bout four tiro® m$ mu^h. gain
V&Q
aacid©
animals- of this aerisa a© by those of serioa I (basial
diet &.).»
^h© afOTag© gala of aes1!©® 1 (lol1^ grasas) is
cositfastod with foS grsras foy this s-ofies*.
Observatioa
of ava^age weight for serioa fl (4-a70 gp-asBg} and ©epie©
fill (f^S g^^oie) indicate that with the feoding of a
fourth ffior© peas? 1*6 times the aaouat of gato is obtaiaedoSefieta Itll«, . Sa&fil, Mot A plus 1 .gram
sd.pefijc.rt . (T&bl© ?I.IX.}
tn ooaipax'in^ the grotrbh figiaFO^ of this groiap with
those of previous groups it siay be seen th&t the rat© of
increase' is' not in the game proportion as that found foe**
tween series ^1 and VII*
fh© a®aisaption would seeia to be
that at this leirel the point inhere vitamin 0 is adequate*ly supplied is more aearly apppoaehedj end on a higher
level the gpowth deficiencies exhibited by the lack of
the vitamin f/ould undoubtedly be less*
fhl® viet? may be
strengthened by the fact that the animals in both series
consumed approstiaate-ly the same amount of food*
¥aria-
29
ti©»3 In results in series VII and VIII nay have been
iafluoxwecl toy tli© wt&o variation In weight a at weaning
aad e.fc the 8D-day period when animals
■depletion dl^t?
VIBTB
placed on a
Difforoncep In the grotrfclb, rate mlcht
also hswe bo©a duo to the differenoes In the diet of thf
Koth©^, -as. variation in stock diots- did oecw8 v/Mch hav©
previouoly been digeussedo
These ar© 'factors wMch coul^
not irery vi&ll be controlled ift oixp laboratory due to tho
fact thot tbs nmbeir of atrailable aaiaals vms not largo
onouch to discriairiet© carefully $.s to ancestry and
vj©iglit<j
It i® felts, howovorj that more anlnala need to
be Included In this espertoental 8©rl©s before a final
undorstanding'of th© rosults can b© obtained.*Series ¥&<>._ Basal Diet ii plus 1»5 jgrmis
of dried pear,
Ifablo X%»)
fiiis ©a^Qriiaental sorie® ser^e® to strengthen
many factp uhleh ha^o previoa$ly been obsorv^d?
It is
foimd by # study of figures concerned with weight gaina
that the Increase is about five tiaes that aad© on basal
diet A (® grams in contrast to 1^92 grma)*
It is also
s'een that it is about twice that mad© by animals t/hea
0*5 Q^miB of dried pear supplemented the basal diet (9
grass in contrast to 4#7 grams)"
Further9 It is oh-*
served that animal a in this series siade a gain about
m
tt/o^tMi'de as gr©at as that aaado by tla© ppaltSv© control
series ill C© .^aais and 14*69 grama).*
jStatmnary of Beauitgo
(Igabl© % and Chart Xo)
fabl© X anfi Cbjart 31 illustretd the eoBparatlve r^«
mlt,& obtained upon ©acla of the diots- ueed In this In*
vostigafcioEj-s
It v/ill b© not©d that Increasing th© amount
of p®ar ©ifldoatly supplied Incroaaing aanounts of vitamin
Q and mov& nearly approached the vitasnln & content of
autoelaved yoastc
Since weight incroags© is in proportion
to the l@if@l of pear fedj> it is possible to approximate a
unit of tritasin & oontainod in bosc ptar*
fh© airerag©
gain for the four levels of fooding Is found to be 4*96
grama above th© gain mad® on th# b&sal diet k alone*
fh©
1*0 graa level of feeding is tbe inid<ae level of the $ori©0
establishedo.
Thoroforo^ 1*0 gram of pear ^uppiamentiag
baial diet 4 will produc© approximately 4«96 graai in
weight«
translating thi© into Bour^uin units (s grams
gain per week), it is found that 0o$9 graffiB of dried poar
(4*64 grgsES of fresh pear) eontain a unit of vitamin &■■«
h aeoond ©valuation may b© made between bosc pear
and autoelaved yeast in providing vitamin ®«
Eforaal
growth equal to that obtained when 0*5 graias of autoelaved
yeast supplemented basal diet A (Mo6© grams) might have
been attained if approiiimately S grame of dried pear
{0097)
OF
S4«8T gptsne of f5?aila pigaE9 tj©r@ fod as © d&lly
suppleiaeat .to basal diet A*
l-e
it has "b©©i* dleeaosast^ated tlaat ©om ©oatalns
iriteaaSn Bl sine© no polyneupit&s deveXop$d when fed a®
30JJ of tli© di^«
0*
fh© islait©
COIPB
•«$©4 la th$ ■oapertoont t^as not
©ntar^ly fap-ee f^om viteoin f*
& gatta isn wdigkit epprosci*
mating 1»© gpoias pe?? weals was olitai^ed oirey th© 8«n7(3©k
©xpefimental p©^£©do
3<s
f®mt
£Q#
Amtoolaved yeasts obtained foj autoolaving dr^
© hours at 15 pom^B pw<D®®m& at th© opiglneX
hjdr©g©a ion concentration (pH 6oO)5. v/ban fod at 0*5 griM
level supplomeiitt v/Mt-o corn in vitamin 0 and normal
growth can ^© ©tetained*
4*
When vitamin Bj. is adequately supplied 'bj
vihtt® carnp viteain 0 is fwnished by hosQ pear in tho
sam© ration a® the quantity mxppliisd in the diet*
ttoa
greater the maount of poar th© greatoi0 the gain*
dp- Wnder th© conditions of this investigation it
appe&rs that'0»59 grma of dri©d pear f4*64 grsmis of fyosh
pear) eontainp a Bourquin unit of vitamin Go
6*
t% is "believed that nonaal growth might hav©
been obtained had th© pear fcoen fed at a higher level*
Approstlmatoly 3 grams of dried pear (2.97 gnams) or
30
g4:<. ST %vm® at tebsih. peasf would fe© ndOosBary to prodw©
geovith. ^qual to that obtained ff©® the eojp» basal diet
■0«,ppl#a©iit©a W 0*6 g?sms of A«toe3L«iv«& fO&St <X4«69
I*, flat SHppleaentas5^ ©f^^t of "boft^ peax8 In
providing vit&u&n © ^0 # tosal diet la wMeh iritaaia Bj
was smppliet iby eorn has 'be&tt $ttw3iod#
go
Sevoip© fi^mptome. of © a^itanttiBOsis recorded tof
inveatlgatws wer© not oMaim©6' dtirlng ttoe S^tJeek ©sspe^i*
mental peylodp but lafirea©© in grox^/tli was low (3L*9S groii?
per veok!} o
3,
Increaaed amotmt^ of p$ar as a smpplement to
tii© biftoal diet in vMefe vitamin Bj naa supplied resttXtdd
ia increases in growtli rat©*
4-
4 tantaftive figure is auggaat^d ss a unit of
vltmaln Q in boae poa?^.
33
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Goldbergart 3* and Xiillie* H* B«
A notQ on an ©sperlaQatal pellagra^llk©
condition tn thQ albino rat*
UP SO pHfe0 Health H©pts* 41„ 1085 11926)
2«t
Smithy K« Z« and HoncbciclSo $• 0»
Same nutrition ostporiaonts Viflth 152*0002*©*
yaast tjlth espeei^i referent to it© v^luo
in smppXeraentlng contain deflcleneita in
. catpordmemtal rat-ions*
?» S* Fub* Health H©pts, 4X8 201 (1026)
'th© ooaiooait©- nature of vitamin B*
3?poc* Soc* Bsptl» Biol* IS©do. e§& 1 {1927)
4».
Falmir.9- to So and S©na©%s C»
fbo- fimdcBioataX food roquiremexits for th©
gyo-ortfo of til© ?»ato.
I& g^ot/tM ou a siiapl© diot of purified
a.mtz'ieats«
^0 BioX* Cfefisa* Tis &91 CX©2f)
II o fli© ©ffe©t of v^piatiom in the proportion
aad quaXity of ^©eognlaecl amtri.eatt*
J* BloX*. C'heaio; 75^ 6X9 (19S7)
5o
Hu»ts Co BU
^h© cosplcss natm3© of iritaraiB B aa found in
I'/Saeafc and eopa*
60
Heado^j,. V«
■
il s^eoad th©x»aoIabil© yater-sioXubX© -accessory
factor n©0©s.sary for the nutrition- of the rat*
Bio-die®* JT* SSa 680 (1©29)|
7o
ReadeFj ?P
F•ts,tll©-z:, ©videnoe o^ a tMrd accessory ^B53
factor*
Biodaemo ^o 84, 77 (X0SO-)
80
Chick« 3S, and eoppingj, A*. tU
f£© compooit© nature of the water-soluble
witamin Bo
Bloch«m* lo 24, 1764 (1930)
Alsreyfi, t?»-Sl» and toa^QOi, DI» I*,
fa© distribution of ^feasaiii ®g la ^es'tais
10♦
MrnQQa' S*-tI« ©aa
iosais eospafissoa of tlie aut^iti^© valuo of
whole &&©&•& on^ yMt© teo^4«
111*
Ioasla&as S* ana Saiaerj, ©♦. Ho
Bmi ©sfeaot as a goia^o© of vitmln &a
S» Agj?« Bos©«efe 40, S*?? 11930)
13♦
j2iSta©jep? I* B«
A !3tii% of the tltsala B easipleii of i?Gd
^4 gtutration 2, 363 |1©3©)
(|T!3|3)po©©i eomioetion bqito&©a liwdsi pellagra«
IBs
n^asell^ 1* E*
ffh© viteajia Aj Qe 0# enA © aoatoat Of
J* lorn© Booa* ||9 680 fliSO)
fitaisisa '§ izi c&i'feaia seats
®IMJ
sidaw Bj^
#0 &gj?# Kaaoeapeij 41, SOS fisso)
XB$>rovdd 3?e^© of gjpootJa of utmis albiao^9 KutJ?ition 1, 179 (1SS8)
18<.
Sh©psaaB-j, B* C» and Kviilfi©Mj tU
foo4 supply0
SI* fii© Influence of l?oeid up©n aothey and
3,0v
Sto^nljoelt^ S* '
& aatlsfaetofy rsitloii. fas* stock a?at$»
*SfSj© offset of pS eoat^ai la fch© outo*
elating of jrettat ^Ith s?^sp'©et to tli©
iritsiEjin B factor's.*
•jr. Biolo Chom* 8a3 SSI {3.939)
81*
SvasiS'a. H« 13* sad Bmr^? 6* 0*
saatlse'ttritie Yitwaia B
@B#
the stm^Qly
J* Bl^X, Cliosa, 77^ 0§1 11038)
^» Biol* C&eEH
^P
331 (1919)
ik ^itieal Investigation auS5 c® pppiiestiosi
of the rst^gspost-ii sQtlio^ f^s tli© @tu% of
t-S*
OMctefr ®* and ]%oeeoe« 12* S»
Th@ effect wpaa yoting rat© of vitamin Bg
defl-oteaesr ©a^ a aothod for th© Ijlologiec
assay of vifccsalti ©.g0
A modified' t®otoi«ju© ia -^Itjtei ms© of th© r&t
SOW' tho dotoyaiaatioas of ^itcsaia B.
#e ©loX* 01j©a» m« 399 (10SS)
06*
StQ©nboekj So sad 0r@ss^ B* ©<*
Fat solttbl© ¥itoaaiii» SI P. fh© f©t solubl©
vife.iseaia contort of roots' togetfe©^ with ©®Q0
otosei'imtiojmis oa t3jj®is? tEjater^golnbl©' ^itaaia
Qontenib«
Jp. Dlol. Cbea* m9 SOX {1S19).
OoiapositQ aatttre of u^teysoliablo B "Htaaissu
SiocijQa= J. Sis, 698 (11987)
m
28*
lJ&JMer& L* §* and Sexmody* ©*
Tk© fzmflasaejatal ^ood ^©^mi.rcsents for til©
29«
0$l9orndA 1% B* end H©ndel# L« S*
aacl its willing o^sducta*
J* Biol*. Cheau 37, 57E. {1010)
30*
lla^ayassn;, E» &* acid '^gmaraaoad^ t* C*
fh© ccmcentration of vitstiain BgcBlocboa* J,. 2^ 19 {19W)
ffe© Inflitoae©
of diffospeut a&aple© of
^eaaoiiJ0 on vltaaila tost©*.
St*.
UlaesiGaa? H«. Co aa;". Sandelsa £J« B*
FnptSl©!* expcrisieatai dlffo^e^iQtloa of
j« EutylUosu Ss I©* 4a OSS Cdaa. 1031}
538
t^iilimia^ So E» and fvatos^iaxij E» U*
the t^ipoytlt© natiiyo of iriicaain B*
• ffe© vl-teaalsi eos&dxit of uaitQd Mils*
<Jo mm Ee« B|, 183 {f©fc. 1930)
35»
Shoyaiaa.c !.■ 0« and i^feia&y<$r .> #«■ II *
£, qu&sifci'fc&t&iire 0tii% of tlm proaloa of
Eeat otatolllt'^ of ttio {aati.*-dGs?siavlte3,
BiochCB» <lo S4, Ho^ ls. 3.Q5 (1©SC "
37,
fiSjersnon, t2« $•
Clioiiiiatry of Food and. Jluteitioa*
3rd Bd*s p, 405,
f'M vitaala B2 content of eeyeala aa^a
the supposed eonnectioa between hsusaasi
pellagra*
39*-
©diab©i'S@i? st ^«? I'dheolor ^ 0* iW* Bog0r»&9
LP
1*
4 study of the blaoktonguo pra^enti^©
value of leaetied cjoma^reial e!&s@ia9.
together with a test ©f tim 'blo.&U*tonga® pj*ov©ntlv© action of a high
px'Q-tsin diet*
0* S* fab« Seelth topts* 4J|» i?3 |19S0|
40«
Sharra$k2|.s 8U. -Go siBfi Salths S* I»«
41 ?
^uiaaip: I-* ff^j VftmXen; F** Bo and Swtioy5. Jo ©*
fha vitamin B .and ® eoatoats of
eeftaia yoast ©s*aple.0*
2* lutl'itioa Ss 2S7 (Z930)
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