12/7/2011
On Smart Urban Networks
Alberto Leon-Garcia
University of Toronto
First IEEE Workshop on Smart Grid Communications & Networks
December 6, 2011
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Agenda
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Why Smart Urban Networks?
Application Platforms & Virtual Infrastructures
Connected Vehicles and Smart Transportation
Network Science Opportunities
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Why Smart Infrastructures Now?
• Climate change from Green House Gas Emissions:
• From 2002 to 2020, ICT carbon emissions will nearly triple
• Increase in global temperature by 3.6 to 8.1oF by 2099
• Energy
• Need for new sources, increased efficiency, renewables
• Mobility and Traffic Congestion:
• Urbanization of world population
• Congestion increasing almost everywhere
• Health, Food supply, …
• Risk of pandemics increased with greater connectedness
Smart infrastructures needed sooner rather than later
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My Starting Point: 1. ICT Global Footprint
• Green networking
• Green cloud computing
• Green microgrid computing
Source: Smart 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age
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My Starting Point: 2. Application of ICT
Application of ICT in other sectors can lead to 15% reduction in global emissions in
2020
Source: Smart 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age
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Research Challenges
1. How to enable trustworthy applications in connected
environments building on innovations in sensor and wireless
access, Future Internet, and service‐oriented applications.
2. How to develop large‐scale
‐
management systems that mediate
supply and demand in smart infrastructures.
3. How to apply the findings in urban environments to provide
socioeconomic solutions in:
a. Green cloud computing and networking
b. Smart power grids
c. Intelligent transportation and connected vehicles.
d. Personal communications and collaboration.
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Resource Control & Management
Management
System
Supply
mgmt
Resource
Supply
Sensor
data
Demand
mgmt
Consumer
Demand
Resource control & management is central to smart infrastructure
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A Layered View of Smart Urban Networks
City/Region
Physical
Infrastructure
Power
Transport
ICT
Information
& Social
Networking
Leisure
Financial
Commercial
Government
Health
Services
Citizen, Consumer, Creator, Producer, Worker, …
Education
Individuals
Social and Economic Outcomes
Water/W
Buildings
aste
Collective Intelligence;
Innovation clusters;
Knowledge companies;
participatory
governance
Individual Intelligence,
creativity,
inventiveness,
capabilities
Sustainable,
efficient, cost
effective enabling
smart services
Sustainable,
efficient, cost
effective enabling
smart
infrastructure
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Agenda
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Why Smart Urban Networks?
Application Platforms & Virtual Infrastructures
Connected Vehicles and Smart Transportation
Network Science Opportunities
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What is SAVI?
• Smart Applications on Virtual Infrastructures
• An NSERC Strategic Research Network
• Research and Testbed on Application Platforms
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SAVI Challenge
• Vision of Application Platforms
• Support open applications & content marketplace
• Vast number of vendors buy/sell services to each other and to
consumers
• Extremely large scale, very high churn
• Fundamental requirements
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Agile resource management in infrastructure
Scalability, reliability, accountability, and security
Multiple ownership: interconnection & federation
Rapid introduction of applications
Challenge: Design of infrastructure for application platforms that can
achieve these requirements
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SAVI Scope
Wireless/Optica
l Access
Massive-Scale Datacenters
Smart Edge
Virtualized
Router &
Datacenter
Backbone/Core
Scope: Aspects that are central to future application platforms and that address
key challenges to network and service providers
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Extended computing cloud that includes a service provider smart edge;
Application enablement leveraging very-high bandwidth access and lowlatency services in the smart edge and extended cloud;
Control & management systems to enable experimentation with
application platforms and Future Internet alternatives
Integrated wireless/optical access controlled by the smart edge.
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Example App: Kaleidoscope
• Social Video Sharing
• 10000 people in a stadium/main square/emergency
• 1000 people streaming video from mobiles
• Context: tweet feeds (identity, timestamp), most from the location but from
around the world
• Autonomic network provisioning through recognition of event
• Integration of the data streams from the different applications
• Transcription (adaptively on the core and/or smart edge)
• Tagging video with (on the smart edge)
• tweets
• links to other videos
• Searching the record
• For a video from a special perspective (location content and context)
• For video segments around specific tweeted events (through time context)
• For videos from my friends (on the smart edge)
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SAVI Innovation & Outcomes
Key Innovations
Research Testbed Outcomes
• Virtualization everywhere
• SAVI cluster prototype for
programmable network node
• Two-tier Cloud
• Fine-grained adaptation
• Heterogeneous virtual operators
• Adaptive edge-aware services
platform
• SAVI application platform
• Application-driven provisioning of
infrastructure
• Future Internet experiments
• Open market services
• Smart transportation
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Future Internet & Applications Testbed
Preliminary Testbed Plan
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Agenda
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Why Smart Urban Networks?
Application Platforms & Virtual Infrastructures
Connected Vehicles and Smart Transportation
Network Science Opportunities
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What is CVST?
• Connected Vehicles & Smart Transportation
• An Ontario Research Fund project
• Application Enablement for Smart Transportation
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Research Opportunity
Leverage Emerging Technologies
Vehicular Technology
Create a platform for Services/Apps
Stable Connectivity:
V2V & LTE
Sensor Technology
Mobile Communications
And Cloud Computing
Platform for managing state
data; Flexible & responsive
event processing
Transportation management
apps that leverage mass
connectivity: global
optimized personal routing
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Building a Mobile Cloud
Wireless/Optica
l Access
Massive-Scale Datacenters
Smart Edge
Virtualized
Datacenter,
Router &
Storage
Backbone/Core
Virtualized
Processing
& Storage
Virtualized
Processing
& Storage
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Traditional ITS Data Flow
Road Authorities
Transit Operators
Public Safety Agencies
Municipalities
Environment Canada
Road Sensors
• Traffic Cameras
• Lane Usage Status
• Bus Movement Information
• Accident Reports
Traffic
• Construction Incidents
Management
Center
• Weather Conditions
• Road Conditions
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Creating a Data Management Platform
Wireless/Optica
l Access
Massive-Scale Datacenters
Smart Edge
Virtualized
Datacenter,
Router &
Storage
Backbone/Core
Virtualized
Processing
& Storage
Virtualized
Processing
& Storage
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Managing State Information
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Smart Grid Adaptive Resource Management
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Interactions among Smart Infrastructures
• ICT Infrastructure and Smart Infrastructures
• Connectivity
• Control & management
• Computation & intelligence
• Cloud Computing and Power Grid
• Renewable and Conventional Power Availability
• Adaptive dispatching of computation load
• Microgrids
• Power Grid and Transportation Networks
• PHEV & EVs recharging & power management
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Agenda
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Why Smart Urban Networks?
Application Platforms & Virtual Infrastructures
Connected Vehicles and Smart Transportation
Network Science Opportunities
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Connectedness & Graphs
Graphs & connectedness:
• Topology
• Demand
• Resource Flows
• Community of Interest
Optimization of graph metrics:
• Network Criticality
• Convexity
• Centralized & Distributed
Slow-fast control loops
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Green Networking in Abilene
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Router Power Consumption
• Simple Model: Router power function of throughput
• Pmin: 70% of full load power Pmax
Power (W)
pmax
pmin
P(c) = Pmin + ( Pmax − Pmin )
0
c
cmax
cmax Throughput (b/s)
• Cisco CRS-1 Pmax/cmax = 10nJ/bit
• Cisco CRS-3 Pmax/cmax = 3nJ/bit
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Link Utilization
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Ec = 1: total power minimization
Traffic shifting to green-powered routers as Ec increases
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Link Utilization & Criticality
• Relaxing robustness constraint -> higher utilization of green nodes
• Green link pushed to maximum utilization
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Conclusions
• Smart infrastructures offer a great opportunity to address major
socio-economic challenges
• ICT and resource management will play a key role in enabling
smart infrastructures
• New interdisciplinary collaborations are required to address
smart infrastructure research challenges
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