Appendix D. Base Recovery After Attack
Worksheets
The base recovery after attack (BRAAT) worksheets, forms, and references in this appendix are provided to assist planners in the development and execution of BRAAT minimum operating strip (MOS)
selection and rapid runway repair (RRR). (Underlined worksheets and
references are included in this appendix.)
Section I. MOS Selection Worksheets and Procedures
The following procedures are provided as a guide to identify aviation
ground support operations center (AGSOC) responsibilities and worksheets used during MOS selection.
Step 1. Determine forward operating base (FOB) operating conditions.
The MOS selection team records information obtained from the aviation combat element on the MOS Selection Form, page D-4.
Step 2. Determine surface roughness chart requirements.
The MOS selection team determines chart selection tables and surface
roughness charts (SRCs) (found in USAF Technical Order [TO]
35E2-4-1, Repair Quality Criteria system for Rapid Runway Repair)
based on aircraft type and operating conditions. The team records this
information on the MOS Selection Form.
Step 3. Determine MOS and taxiway requirements.
The MOS selection team uses SRCs to identify MOS length and width
requirements and the Taxiway Criteria Chart, page D-4, to identify
taxiway requirements. The team records these requirements on the
MOS Selection Form.
D-2
MCWP 3-21.1
Step 4. Record and plot damage information.
Using the NATO Pavement Reference Marking System, page D-5, the
damage assessment team (DAT) reports surface damage to the
AGSOC. (See pages D-6 and D-7 for examples of plotting airfield
damage.) The MOS selection team records damage on the DAT Record
Sheet, page D-8, and plots damage on the Airfield Map and Operating
Surface Grid Map, page D-9, using the Crater Damage Template, page
D-10.
Step 5. Identify candidate MOSs.
The MOS selection team uses the MOS Template, page D-10, the Spall
Criteria Chart, and the MOS Launch or Recovery Capability Chart,
page D-11, to identify candidate MOSs. MOS candidate selection is
based on rapid repair and sortie capabilities, location, low probability
of aircraft damage, and expandability.
Step 6. Determine repair quality requirements on candidate MOSs.
To determine MOS repair quality requirements, the MOS selection
team—
l
Transfers damage information from the DAT Record Sheet to the
MOS Selection Team Worksheet, page D-12, and fills in remaining
information on the worksheet.
l
Plots crater damage on the SRC and determines tentative repair
quality.
l
Converts apparent diameter of crater damage to actual crater diameter, using the Crater Diameter Conversion Chart, page D-13.
l
Validates the repair quality for craters exceeding 40 feet in diameter
using the SRC repair length key in USAF TO 35E2-4-1.
l
Records information on MOS Selection Team Worksheet.
Aviation Ground Support
D-3
Step 7. Estimate explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and RRR repair
times. The MOS team leader—
l
Estimates unexploded ordnance safe/clearing time using the EOD
Time Worksheet, page D-14.
l
Estimates RRR time by—
l
n
Determining repair times for each crater, using the RRR Time
Worksheets for Chemical and Nonchemical Environments,
pages D-15 through D-18.
n
Assigning crater repairs to crater repair crews and determining
total repair time, using the Crater Repair Worksheet, page
D-19.
n
Using Spall Repair Tables for Chemical and Nonchemical
Environments, pages D-20 and D-21, to determine time adjustments necessary if crater crews are repairing spalls in addition
to repairing craters.
Records estimated times on the MOS Selection Team Worksheet.
Step 8. Tabulate comparative recovery times for candidate MOSs. The
MOS team leader calculates total estimated recovery times based on
EOD and RRR times.
Step 9. Brief airfield commander on candidate MOSs.
The operations officer or MOS team leader briefs the candidate MOSs
to the airfield commander.
Step 10. Select MOS.
The airfield commander selects the MOS.
D-4
MCWP 3-21.1
MOS Selection Form
Circle conditions that apply and fill in applicable blanks.
Aircraft
Operational Mode
F-4C/D (F-18*) takeoff
landing evacuation barrier
F-4 E
takeoff
landing evacuation barrier
F-15 (F-14*)
takeoff
landing evacuation barrier aerodynamic
F-16(F-5*)
takeoff
landing
A-10
takeoff
landing
C-130
takeoff
landing no braking weight=
C-141
takeoff
Runway Condition
Reading:
landing no braking weight=
wet
Runway Surface
Conditions:
dry
Good (no slush/standing water)
Poor (slush/standing water)
icy
Temperature:
Direction: unidirectional
Pressure Altitude:
Density
Altitude:
bidirectional
0.9
1.0
1.1
Surface Roughness Chart Numbers:
MOS Length:
MOS Width:
Taxiway width:
* Aircraft that have not been have-bouce tested.
Taxiway Criteria Chart
Aircraft
Repaired
Width
(feet)
Cleared
Width
(feet)
Swept
Width
(feet)
90° Turn
Width
(feet)
180° Turn
Width
(feet)
Minimum
Crater
Spacing
(feet)1
F-4
25
35
35
30
50
50
C-130
30
135
100
50
100
66
170
85
75
140
none
C-141
50
F-15
25
F-16
25
A-10
25
A-7
25
F-111
25
C-5A
60
DC-10
60
DC-747
60
1
For minimum spacing indicated, 4.5-inch repair quality with maximum
taxi speed of 10 knots is allowed. When spacing is less, upgrade repair
quality to 3 inches or reduce maximum taxi speed to 5 knots.
Aviation Ground Support
NATO Pavement Reference Marking System
D-5
D-6
MCWP 3-21.1
Examples of Plotting Airfield Damage
Aviation Ground Support
Examples of Plotting Airfield Damage
(continued)
D-7
D-8
MCWP 3-21.1
DAT Record Sheet
DAT Number/Route:
Crater
Number
Type of
Damage
Date:
Crater
Left/Right
Diameter Number of
of
Distance
Spalls
Comments
from Zero Centerline (apparent)
Aviation Ground Support
D-9
Airfield Map
Operating Surface Grid Map
D-10
MCWP 3-21.1
Crater Damage Template
MOS Template
Aviation Ground Support
D-11
Spall Criteria Chart
Aircraft
Maximum
Depth
(inches)
Maximum
Length in
Direction of
Travel
(feet)
Maximum Number of
Personnel
Maximum
Slopes of
Side
(percent)
40-Foot
Span
100-Foot
Span
F-4
1.5
2.0
25
2
2
C-130
3.0
5.0
25
31
3
C-141
2.5
5.0
25
22
2
1
2
Taxi speed less than 10 knots.
Taxi speed less than 15 knots.
MOS Launch or Recovery Capability Chart
TwoAccess
Taxiway
OneAccess
Taxiway
Taxi
Taxi
Air Traffic Relative
Backtrack Backtrack
Control Launch or
Greater
Greater
Equipment Recovery
Than 1,000 Than 2,000 Barrier in
Not
Capability
Feet
Feet
Use
Functional (percent)
X
100
X
X
X
X
X
34
X
X
X
25
60
X
50
X
40
X
X
X
X
27
X
19
D-12
MCWP 3-21.1
MOS Selection Team Worksheet
MOS Identification:
Crater
Number
Date:
Crater
Distance
Crater
Distance
Time
Diameter Number to Next Quality Diameter
Down
Repair (actual) (minutes)
(apparent) of Spalls Crater
MOS
Total Crater Repair Time (minutes/hours)
Time from Spall Table (minutes)
Spall Table Time/Repair Teams (minutes/hours)
Total Time for Repairs (minutes/hours)
Aviation Ground Support
Crater Diameter Conversion Chart
D-13
D-14
MCWP 3-21.1
EOD Time Worksheet
MOS Identification:
Line 1
Enter total safe time (minutes).
Line 2
Enter estimated safing team travel time (minutes).
Line 3
Sum lines 1 and 2.
Line 4
Divide line 3 by the number of safing teams.
Line 5
Enter total area to machine clear (square feet).
Line 6
Divide line 5 by the machine clearance rate.
Line 7
Enter total tow distance (feet).
Line 8
Divide line 7 by machine tow rate.
Line 9
Enter the number of bomblets to hand clear.
Line 10
Divide line 9 by the hand clearance rate.
Line 11
Enter the number of bomblets to be blown in place1.
Line 12
Divide line 11 by the blown-in-place rate.
Line 13
Add line 6, line 8, line 10, and line 12.
Line 14
Divide line 13 by the number of removal teams.
EOD Removal Time (minutes): Greatest amount of time between
line 4 and line 14.
1If
unexploded ordnance must be blown in place, add additional damage repair time to the MOS
Selection Team Worksheet.
Aviation Ground Support
D-15
RRR Time Worksheet
for a Chemical Environment
MOS Identification:
Crater Diameter
Quality
Repair
A
0.0
inches
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
48
95
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
78
155 233 315 388 460 548 670 703 930
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
40
80
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
(65) 130 195 225 325 390 420 620 680 885
143 225 238 340 368 415 463 550
crater number
B
1.0 inch
120 160 200 240 280 365 380 445
Crater number
C
1.5
inches
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
40
80
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
63
125 170 185 295 330 355 495 630 765
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
33
65
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
53
105 123 140 228 325 345 475 550 625
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
13
26
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
52
105 113 120 218 305 335 410 460 510
120 130 190 220 250 290 320 405
Crater number
D
3.0
inches
80
95
145 210 240 290 310 330
Crater number
E
4.5
inches
Crater number
39
80
142 205 230 255 290 325
D-16
MCWP 3-21.1
RRR Time Worksheet
for a Chemical Environment (continued)
MOS Identification:
Crater Diameter
Quality
Repair
A
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95 100
feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet
Fresh crew repair
578 680 708 736 783 830 878 926 1013 1100
time (minutes)
Old crew repair
0.0
inches time (minutes)
Crater number
B
1.0
inch
940 950 1008 1096 1218 1340 1373 1406 1633 1860
Fresh crew repair
511 577 605 633 660 730 745 760 825 890
time (minutes)
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
898
910 968 1056 1178 1240 1300 1440 1535 1710
Crater number
C
Fresh crew repair
420 440 470 500 540 580 610 640 725 810
time (minutes)
1.5 Old crew repair
inche time (minutes)
s
Crater number
D
Fresh crew repair
355 420 450 480 530 580 600 620 640 660
time (minutes)
Old crew repair
3.0
inches time (minutes)
Crater number
E
780 800 830 860 900 990 1125 1260 1395 1530
637 650 670 690 820 950 1025 1100 1175 1250
Fresh crew repair 347 410 435 460 485 510 545 580 615 650
time (minutes)
Old crew repair
4.5
inches time (minutes)
Crater number
523 610 640 670 745 820 870 920 970 1020
Aviation Ground Support
D-17
Rapid Runway Repair Time Worksheet
for a Nonchemical Environment
MOS Identification:
Crater Diameter
Quality
Repair
A
0.0
inches
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
15
29
49
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
43
85
136 186 234 282 314 387 438 488
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
14
28
41
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
41
82
121 160 215 269 310 351 393 435
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
14
27
36
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
40
80
113 146 192 237 276 315 353 391
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
14
27
33
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
40
79
108 137 179 221 253 285 318 350
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
13
26
30
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
38
76
102 128 151 174 197 219 241 263
70
100 130 151 172 193 214
Crater number
B
1.0 inch
53
82
110 130 150 171 191
Crater number
C
1.5
inches
44
69
94
106 118 130 142
Crater number
D
3.0
inches
39
58
77
89
102 114 126
Crater number
E
4.5
inches
Crater number
34
47
59
62
64
66
68
D-18
MCWP 3-21.1
Rapid Runway Repair Time Worksheet
for a Nonchemical Environment (continued)
MOS Identification:
Crater Diameter
Quality
Repair
A
0.0
inches
55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
230 260 281 302 323 344 365 386 407 428
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
495 564 596 628 701 774 825 876 926 976
Crater number
B
1.0 inch
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
206 220 240 260 280 300 321 342 362 382
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
484
538 579 620 661 702 744 786 828 870
Crater number
C
1.5
inches
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
162 188 200 212 224 236 248 260 272 284
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
437 474 513 552 591 630 668 706 744 782
Crater number
D
3.0
inches
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
147 154 166 178 191 204 216 228 240 252
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
411 442 474 506 538 570 603 636 668 700
Crater number
E
4.5
inches
Fresh crew repair
time (minutes)
93
Old crew repair
time (minutes)
306 348 378 408 423 438 460 482 504 526
Crater number
118 122 125 126 128 130 132 134 136
Aviation Ground Support
D-19
Crater Repair Worksheet
Repair Crew Number:
Crater Number
Crater Repair Time
(minutes)
Total Crater Repair Time (minutes)
Total Crater Repair Time (hours)
Cumulative Repair Time
D-20
MCWP 3-21.1
Spall Repair Table for a Chemical Environment
Spall Repair Time
3800
3600
3400
3200
3000
2800
Crater Repair Time in Minutes
2600
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
4100
4000
3900
3800
3700
3600
3500
3400
3300
3200
3100
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
4398
4298
4198
4098
3998
3898
3798
3698
3598
3498
3398
3298
3198
3098
2998
2898
2798
2698
2598
2498
2398
2298
2198
2098
1998
1898
1798
1698
1598
1498
1398
1298
1198
1098
998
898
798
698
4697
4597
4497
4397
4297
4197
4097
3997
3897
3797
3697
3597
3497
3397
3297
3197
3097
2997
2897
2797
2697
2597
2497
2397
2297
2197
2097
1997
1897
1797
1697
1597
1497
1397
1297
1197
1097
997
4995
4895
4795
4695
4595
4495
4395
4295
4195
4095
3995
3895
3795
3695
3595
3495
3395
3295
3195
3095
2995
2895
2795
2695
2595
2495
2395
2295
2195
2095
1995
1895
1795
1695
1595
1495
1395
1295
5294
5194
5094
4994
4894
4794
4694
4594
4494
4394
4294
4194
4094
3994
3894
3794
3694
3594
3494
3394
3294
3194
3094
2994
2894
2794
2694
2594
2494
2394
2294
2194
2094
1994
1894
1794
1694
1594
5592
5492
5392
5292
5192
5092
4992
4892
4792
4692
4592
4492
4392
4292
4192
4092
3992
3892
3792
3692
3592
3492
3392
3292
3192
3092
2992
2892
2792
2692
2592
2492
2392
2292
2192
2092
1992
1892
5891
5791
5691
5591
5491
5391
5291
5191
5091
4991
4891
4791
4691
4591
4491
4391
4291
4191
4091
3991
3891
3791
3691
3591
3491
3391
3291
3191
3091
2991
2891
2791
2691
2591
2491
2391
2291
2191
6189
6089
5989
5889
5789
5689
5589
5489
5389
5289
5189
5089
4989
4889
4789
4689
4589
4489
4389
4289
4189
4089
3989
3889
3789
3689
3589
3489
3389
3289
3189
3089
2989
2889
2789
2689
2589
2489
6488
6388
6288
6188
6088
5988
5888
5788
5688
5588
5488
5388
5288
5188
5088
4988
4888
4788
4688
4588
4488
4388
4288
4188
4088
3988
3888
3788
3688
3588
3488
3388
3288
3188
3088
2988
2888
2788
6786
6686
6586
6486
6386
6286
6186
6086
5986
5886
5786
5686
5586
5486
5386
5286
5186
5086
4986
4886
4786
4686
4586
4486
4386
4286
4186
4086
3986
3886
3786
3686
3586
3486
3386
3286
3186
3086
7085
6985
6885
6785
6685
6585
6485
6385
6285
6185
6085
5985
5885
5785
5685
5585
5485
5385
5285
5185
5085
4985
4885
4785
4685
4585
4485
4385
4285
4185
4085
3985
3885
3785
3685
3585
3485
3385
7383
7283
7183
7083
6983
6883
6783
6683
6583
6483
6383
6283
6183
6083
5983
5883
5783
5683
5583
5483
5383
5283
5183
5083
4983
4883
4783
4683
4583
4483
4383
4283
4183
4083
3983
3883
3783
3683
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Total Number of Spall
Aviation Ground Support
D-21
Spall Repair Table for a Nonchemical Environment
Spall Repair Time
3000
2800
2600
2400
Crater Repair Time in Minutes
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
321
265
188
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
627
560
493
426
360
293
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
932
866
799
732
665
598
531
465
398
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1305
1238
1171
1104
1037
971
904
837
770
703
636
570
503
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1610
1543
1476
1410
1343
1276
1209
1142
1076
1009
942
875
808
741
675
608
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1916
1849
1782
1715
1648
1581
1515
1448
1381
1314
1247
1181
1114
1047
980
913
846
780
713
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2221
2154
2087
2021
1964
1887
1820
1753
1586
1620
1553
1486
1419
1352
1286
1219
1152
1085
1018
951
885
818
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2627
2460
2393
2326
2259
2192
2126
2059
1992
1925
1858
1791
1725
1658
1591
1524
1457
1391
1324
1257
1190
1123
1056
990
923
3000
2900
2832
2765
2698
2632
2666
3498
2431
2364
2297
2231
2164
2097
2030
1963
1896
1830
1763
1696
1629
1562
1496
1429
1362
1295
1228
1161
1095
1028
3071
3004
2937
2870
2803
2737
2670
2603
2638
2469
2402
2336
2269
2202
2136
2068
2001
1936
1868
1801
1734
1667
1601
1534
1467
1400
1333
1266
1200
1133
3176
3109
3042
2975
2908
2842
2775
2708
2641
2574
2507
2441
2374
2307
2240
2173
2106
2040
1973
1906
1839
1772
1706
1639
1572
1505
1438
1371
1305
1238
3281
3214
3147
3080
3013
2942
2880
2813
2746
2679
2612
2546
2479
2412
2345
2278
2211
2145
2078
2011
1944
1877
1811
1744
1677
1610
1543
1476
1410
1343
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Total Number of Spalls
D-22
MCWP 3-21.1
Section II. RRR Worksheets
The following worksheets and references are provided as a guide to the
RRR organization and the airfield recovery process:
l
RRR Personnel and Equipment Requirements charts, pages D-23
and D-24, are used to assist in determining unit RRR personnel and
equipment requirements.
l
Equipment Availability Matrix, page D-25, and Material Availability Matrix, page D-26, are used in identifying equipment and material resources and shortfalls.
l
Tools for Measuring Crater Upheaval and Slope Damage, page
D-27 and D-28, and the Surface Roughness Criteria for Crater
Repair, page D-28, are used to determine acceptable tolerances
when conducting crater repair.
l
Types of Crater and Spall Damage, page D-29 through D-32, are
used to identify possible damage to a forward operating base.
l
Methods of Crater and Spall Repair, page D-33, and the Types of
FOD Cover for Crater Repair, D-34, help determine the crater
repair method and foreign object damage (FOD) cover material.
l
Material Estimate Planning Formulas, page D-35, help determine
the material requirements.
1
NCOIC for the crew.
General Laborer
MT Mechanic
HE Mechanic
Utility Mechanic
Surveyor
Total
Combat Engineer
Refueler
EAF Specialist
HE Operator
MT Operator
Utility Operator
RRR Crew
Personnel
Requirements
11
16
19
13
22
11
16
23
20
11
Precast
Concrete Concrete AM2
FOD
FOD
FOD
Cover
Cover
Cover
2
2
1
1
1
2
11
7
5
Crater
15
11
11
2
1
FRP
FOD
Cover
4
4
MT
Det
6
2
2
2
Maint
Det
2
2
Fuels
Det
5
11
4
Spall
Repair
?
1
11
6
6
MOS
Clearing Lighting
and
and
Sweeping Marking
2
as required
1
2
16
101
3
1
M21 Gear
?
6
as required
Hauling
Aviation Ground Support
D-23
RRR Personnel Requirements
1
1+
21
1
1+
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Precast
Concrete AM2
Crater Concrete
FOD
FOD
FOD
Cover
Cover
Cover
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
FRP
FOD
Cover
11
2
2
MT
Det
2
Maint
Det
Vehicle for the crater crew, support crew, aircraft recovery, and hauling crew chiefs.
Water Truck
Sweeper
Fuel Truck
Flood Lights
Compressor
Forklift
Concrete Saw
Crane
Lifting Beam
RTCH
M21 Arresting Gear
Field Maint Trucks
Utility Vehicle
Front End Loader
Dozer
Grader
Roller/ Compactor
Excavator
Concrete Mixer
Tractor Trailer
5-Ton Truck
Dump Truck
RRR Crew
Personnel
Requirements
1
Fuels
Det
1
2
11
2
1
1
MOS
Clearing Lighting
and
and
Sweeping Marking
1
as required
1
1
1
1
M21 Gear
RTCH=rough terrain container/cargo handler
21
Spall
Repair
1
3
21
as required
as required
2 per crew
3
Hauling
D-24
MCWP 3-21.1
RRR Equipment Requirements
Aviation Ground Support
D-25
Equipment Availability Matrix
Types of
Equipment
Front-end loader
Dozers
Graders
Rollers
Excavator
(multipurpose)
Concrete mixer
Dump trucks
Tractor trailers
LVS
5-ton trucks
Water trucks
Sweepers
Fuel truck
Flood lights
Compressors
Forklifts
Pumps
Concrete saws
Cranes
1 1/4-ton tow
vehicles
Totals
Organic
Assets
Station
Augmented
RRR
Assets
Requirements
Shortfall
D-26
MCWP 3-21.1
Material Availability Matrix
Date:
Type of Material
Fill Material
ballast rock
crushed rock
sand
FOD Cover
FRP panels
AM-2 matting
precast concrete
preheated asphalt
crushed stone
Spall Repair silica
mix
pea gravel
magnesium
phosphate
mix
penatron
(polymer)
mix
pea gravel
pea gravel
cold mix asphalt
Spall and
rapid set
FOD Cover concrete
Portland
cement
3/4-inch
aggregate
sand
water
Optional
Materials
sand grids
geotextile seals
Onsite
Inventory
Material
Required
Shortfall
Aviation Ground Support
Tools for Measuring Crater Upheaval
and Slope of Damage
D-27
D-28
MCWP 3-21.1
Tools for Measuring Crater Upheaval
and Slope of Damage (continued)
SURFACE ROUGHNESS CRITERIA
FOR CRATER REPAIR
Quality
Criteria
A
Repair must be flush with undisturbed pavement level. (longest repair
time)
B
Repair can extend above undisturbed pavement one inch.
C
Repair can extend above undisturbed pavement one and a half inches.
D
Repair can extend above undisturbed pavement three inches
E
Repair can extend above undisturbed pavement four and a half inches.
Aviation Ground Support
Types of Crater and Spall Damage
D-29
D-30
MCWP 3-21.1
Types of Crater and Spall Damage
(continued)
Aviation Ground Support
Types of Crater and Spall Damage
(continued)
D-31
D-32
MCWP 3-21.1
Types of Crater and Spall Damage
(continued)
Aviation Ground Support
Methods of Crater and Spall Repair
D-33
D-34
MCWP 3-21.1
Methods of Crater and Spall Repair
(continued)
FOD Cover for Crater Repair
Foreign Object Damage Cover
Crater
Repair
Crushed
stone
Sand
Rapid Set
Concrete
X
Precast
Concrete
X
AM-2
Matting
Fiberglass
Reinforced
Polyester
X
X
X
X
Asphalt
X
Aviation Ground Support
D-35
Material Estimate Planning Formulas
Determining the quantity of material for repairs is based on the shape
and type of repair being conducted (i.e., normal crushed stone, cheap
ballast, choked ballast, or sand).
Formulas for Estimating Fill Material
(Crushed Stone, Ballast Rock, and Sand) in Feet
Area of square/rectangle
L x W = ft2
Area of cylinder
3.1416 x R 2 = ft2 [or] 0.7854 x D2 = ft2
Volume of square/rectangle L x W x H = cu ft
Volume of cylinder
3.1416 x R 2 x H = cu ft [or] 0.7854 x D 2 x H = cu ft
Conversion: cu ft to cu yd
cu ft divided by 27 = cu yds
Formulas for Estimating Foreign Object Damage Cover Requirements in Feet
AM-2 Matting
(L+4)(W+4) = ft2 matting
Fiberglass reinforced
polyester
kit = (4) 34 2/3 ft x 32 ft or (1) 69 1/3 ft x 62 ft-panels
craters <20 ft diameter require 5 ft overhang
craters >20 ft diameter require 10 ft overhang
Precast concrete slabs
slab = 2 x 2 meters (meter = 3.2808 ft)
Y = L divided by 6.5616 (round up to whole #)
Z = W divided by 6.5616 (round up to whole #)
Y x Z = # slabs required
Rapid set concrete
Portland cement
¾-inch aggregate
Sand
Water
volume of repair (square/rectangle/cylinder)
8 bags per cu yd concrete
1 cu yd per cu yd concrete
1 cu yd per cu yd concrete
to be determined by sump required
cu ft = cubic feet
cu yd - cubic yards
D = diameter
ft2 = feet squared
H = height/depth
L = length
R = radium
W = width
< = less than
> = greater than