CHARACTERISTICS
• EUKARYOTIC
• MOST
MULTICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPHIC :
Decomposers!!
– SAPROBES OR
PARASITIC
• BODY IS MADE OF
HYPHAE
• HAVE CELL WALLS
MADE OF CHITIN
• EARLIEST FUNGI
FOSSILS ARE
ABOUT 500
MILLION YEARS
OLD
• A FUNGUS IN
WASHINGTON
STATE COVERS AN
AREA OF 1500
ACRES
• FUNGI
REPRODUCE
ASEXUALLY AND
SEXUALLY, AND
ARE
CHARACTERIZED
BY THEIR
METHOD OF
REPRODUCTION
•
•
•
•
•
•
PROS
EDIBLE
DECOMPOSERS
BREADS
PENICILLUM
CYCLOSPORINE
PREFERRED OVER
BACTERIA FOR
GENETIC
ENGINEERING
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CONS
ATHLETES FOOT
JOCK ITCH
YEAST
INFECTIONS
MOLDY BREAD
MILDEW
RINGWORM
SOME ARE TOXIC
HISTOPLASMOSIS
(95% in H.I.V. cases)
SICK BUILDING
SYNDROME
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
DIVISIONS
ZYGOMYCOTA
ASCOMYCOTA
BASIDIOMYCOTA DEUTEROMYCOTA
ZYGOSPORES
ASCOSPORES
BASIDIOSPORES
UNKNOWN
• “CLUB FUNGI”
• 25,000 SPECIES
• MOSTLY
TERRESTRIAL
• INCLUDES THE
MUSHROOMS,
TOADSTOOLS,
PUFFBALLS, SHELF
FUNGI, RUSTS AND
SMUTS
• 600 SPECIES
• COMMONLY
FOUND IN SOIL &
DUNG
• INCLUDES THE
BLACK BREAD
MOLDS
• ZYGOMYCETES
ARE COENOCYTIC
(HYPHAE LACK SEPTA)
Bread mold
• “SAC FUNGI”
• 30,000 SPECIES
• FOUND IN SOIL, DUNG,
ROTTING LOGS, SALT AND
FRESH WATER.
• INCLUDES: YEASTS, MORELS,
MILDEWS, & MOLDS.
• “FUNGI
IMPERFECTI”
• 10,000 SPECIES
• TERRESTRIAL
• INCLUDES
ASPERGILLUS,
PENICILLUM,
ATHLETE’S FOOT,
& RINGWORM
Lichens
of Zygomycota
• ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION:
SPORANGIA FORM
AT THE TIPS OF
SPORANGIOPHORES. THE
SPORANGIA
PRODUCE SPORES
THAT ARE
DISPERSED BY
WIND.
of Zygomycota
• SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION IS
CALLED
CONJUGATION. 2
MATING STRAINS
JOIN AND FORM A
ZYGOSPORE.
MEIOSIS OCCURS
WHEN SPRORE
GERMINATES.
of Ascomycota
• ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION:
CONIDIA (SPORES)
ARE FORMED ON
THE ENDS OF
CONIDIOPHORES.
• YEASTS: BUDDING
of Ascomycota
• THE REPRODUCTIVE
BODY IS CALLED AN
ASCOCARP.
• SACS CALLED ASCI
FORM ON THE
SURFACE OF THE
ASCOCARP.
• EACH ASCUS
CONTAINS 8 HAPLOID
ASCOSPORES.
of Basidomycota
• ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION IS
CALLED
FRAGMENTATION.
• THIS FORM OF
REPRODUCTION IS
RARE IN THIS
GROUP, EXCEPT IN
SOME RUSTS AND
SMUTS.
of Basidomycota
• THE REPRODUCTIVE
BODY IS CALLED A
BASIDIOCARP.
• THE UNDERSIDE OF THE
MUSHROOM CAP IS
LINED WITH GILLS.
• CLUB SHAPED
REPRODUCTIVE CELLS
CALLED BASIDIA FORM
ON THE GILLS.
• THE BASIDIA PRODUCES
BASIDIOSPORES &
RELEASE THEM WHEN
CONDITIONS ARE
FAVORABLE.
of Dueteromycota
• ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION:
CONIDIA (SPORES)
ARE FORMED ON
THE ENDS OF
CONIDIOPHORES.
of Dueteromycota
• FUNGI IN WHICH
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
HAS NOT BEEN
OBSERVED