Mental and Emotional
Health
What Is Mental Health?

Refers to the successful performance of
mental function, resulting in productive
activities, fulfilling relationships with other
people, and the ability to adapt to change
and cope with adversity.
Mental Disorder In America
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Mood Disorders
Schizophrenia
Anxiety Disorders
Eating Disorders
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Autism
Alzheimer’s Disease
Mood Disorders

Approximately 20.9 million American adults, or
about 9.5 percent of the U.S. population age 18
and older in a given year, have a mood disorder.

The median age of onset for mood disorders is
30 years.

Depressive disorders often co-occur with anxiety
disorders and substance abuse.
Mood Disorders

Major Depressive Disorders

Dysthymic Disorders
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Bipolar Disorders

Suicide
Major Depressive Disorders: Signs
and Symptoms

This is when a person is feeling down,
low, and hopeless for weeks at a time.
– Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood.
– Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism.
– Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness.
– Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and
activities that were once enjoyed.
Dysthymic Disorders

Symptoms of dysthymic disorder (chronic,
mild depression) must persist for at least
two years in adults (one year in children).

Dysthymic disorder affects approximately
1.5 percent of the U.S. population age 18
and older in a given year.
Bipolar Disorders

Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5.7 million
American adults, or about 2.6 percent of the
U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year.

The median age of onset for bipolar disorders is
25 years.
– Also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain
disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person's
mood, energy, and ability to function.
Con’t
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Typically develops in late adolescence or early
adulthood.

Can result in damaged relationships, poor job or
school performance, and even suicide.

Causes dramatic mood swings—from overly
"high" and/or irritable to sad and hopeless, and
then back again, often with periods of normal
mood in between.
What Are the Symptoms of Bipolar
Disorder?

Increased energy, activity, and restlessness.
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Excessively "high," overly good, euphoric mood.
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Extreme irritability.
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Racing thoughts and talking very fast, jumping from one idea to
another.
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Distractibility, can't concentrate well.

Unrealistic beliefs in one's abilities and powers
Con’t
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Poor judgment

A lasting period of behavior that is different from usual.

Increased sexual drive.

Abuse of drugs, particularly cocaine, alcohol, and
sleeping medications.

Provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behavior.

Denial that anything is wrong.
Suicide Facts

In 2004, 32,439 (approximately 11 per 100,000) people
died by suicide in the U.S.

More than 90 percent of people who kill themselves have
a diagnosable mental disorder, most commonly a
depressive disorder or a substance abuse disorder.

Four times as many men as women die by suicide.
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however, women attempt suicide two to three times as
often as men.
Facts Con’t
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Highest rates:
 Non-Hispanic Whites — 12.9 per 100,000
 American Indian and Alaska Natives — 12.4 per 100,000
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Lowest rates:
– Non-Hispanic Blacks — 5.3 per 100,000
 Asian and Pacific Islanders — 5.8 per 100,000
 Hispanics — 5.9 per 100,000
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Most suicide attempts are expressions of extreme distress,
not harmless bids for attention.

A person who appears suicidal should not be left alone and needs
immediate mental-health treatment.
Schizophrenia

Approximately 2.4 million American adults, or about 1.1
percent of the population age 18 and older in a given
year, have schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia affects men and women with equal
frequency.

Schizophrenia often first appears in men in their late
teens or early twenties.

In contrast, women are generally affected in their
twenties or early thirties.
Con’t
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Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain
disorder that affects about 1 percent of people all over
the world.

People with schizophrenia sometimes hear voices others
don’t hear, believe that others are broadcasting their
thoughts to the world, or become convinced that others
are plotting to harm them.

They become fearful and withdrawn and cause
difficulties when they try to have relationships with
others.
What are the symptoms of
schizophrenia?

Positive symptoms- are unusual thoughts or
perceptions, including hallucinations, delusions, thought
disorder, and disorders of movement.

Negative symptoms- represent a loss or a decrease in
the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or
find pleasure in everyday life.

Cognitive symptoms- (or cognitive deficits) are
problems with attention, certain types of memory, and
the executive functions that allow us to plan and
organize.
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders include panic disorder,
obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic
stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and
phobias.
 Approximately 40 million American adults ages
18 and older, or about 18.1 percent of people in
this age group in a given year, have an anxiety
disorder.
 Anxiety disorders frequently co-occur with
depressive disorders or substance abuse.

Panic Disorder

Approximately 6 million American adults
ages 18 and older, or about 2.7 percent of
people in this age group in a given year,
have panic disorder.

Panic disorder typically develops in early
adulthood (median age of onset is 24),
but the age of onset extends throughout
adulthood.
What is Panic Disorder?

Sudden attacks of terror, usually
accompanied by:
 Pounding heart
 Sweatiness
 Weakness
 Faintness
 Dizziness
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This can be successfully treated.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
(OCD)

Approximately 2.2 million American adults
age 18 and older, or about 1.0 percent of
people in this age group in a given year,
have OCD.

The first symptoms of OCD often begin
during childhood or adolescence, however,
the median age of onset is 19.
What is OCD?

OCD, is an anxiety disorder and is
characterized by recurrent, unwanted
thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive
behaviors (compulsions).
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Obsessions- hand washing, counting,
checking, or cleaning.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD)

Approximately 7.7 million American adults
age 18 and older, or about 3.5 percent of
people in this age group in a given year,
have PTSD.

PTSD can develop at any age, including
childhood, median age of onset is 23
years.
What is PTSD?

An anxiety disorder that can develop after
exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in
which grave physical harm occurred or
was threatened.

Violent personal assaults, natural or
human-caused disasters, accidents, or
military combat may trigger PTSD.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
(GAD)

Approximately 6.8 million American adults,
or about 3.1 percent of people age 18 and
over, have GAD in a given year.

GAD can begin across the life cycle,
though the median age of onset is 31
years old
What is GAD?

An anxiety disorder characterized by chronic
anxiety, exaggerated worry and tension, even
when there is little or nothing to provoke it.

Accompanied by physical symptoms, especially
fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, muscle
aches, difficulty swallowing, trembling, twitching,
irritability, sweating, and hot flashes.
Social Phobia

Approximately 15 million American adults
age 18 and over, or about 6.8 percent of
people in this age group in a given year,
have social phobia.

Social phobia begins in childhood or
adolescence, typically around 13 years of
age.
What is Social Phobia?

An anxiety disorder characterized by
overwhelming anxiety and excessive selfconsciousness in everyday social situations.
 Fear of speaking in formal or informal situations
 May be so broad that a person experiences symptoms almost
anytime they are around other people.
Con’t
Have a persistent, intense, and chronic fear of
being watched and judged by others and being
embarrassed or humiliated by their own actions.
 Their fear may be so severe that it interferes
with work or school, and other ordinary
activities.
 Physical symptoms such as blushing, profuse
sweating, trembling, nausea, and difficulty
talking.
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Agoraphobia
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Approximately 1.8 million American adults
age 18 and over, or about 0.8 percent of
people in this age group in a given year,
have agoraphobia without a history of
panic disorder.

The median age of onset of agoraphobia
is 20 years of age.
What is Agoraphobia?

Agoraphobia involves intense fear and
anxiety of any place or situation where
escape might be difficult, leading to
avoidance of these situations.
 being alone outside of the home.
 traveling in a car, bus, or airplane.
 or being in a crowded area.
Specific Phobia
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Approximately 19.2 million American adults age
18 and over, or about 8.7 percent of people in
this age group in a given year, have some type
of specific phobia.

Specific phobia typically begins in childhood; the
median age of onset is seven years.
What is Specific Phobia?

Specific phobia involves marked and
persistent fear and avoidance of a specific
object or situation.
Eating Disorders
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Females are much more likely than males to develop an
eating disorder.

In their lifetime, an estimated 0.5 percent to 3.7 percent
of females suffer from anorexia, and an estimated 1.1
percent to 4.2 percent suffer from bulimia.
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The mortality rate among people with anorexia has been
estimated at 0.56 percent per year, or approximately 5.6
percent per decade, which is about 12 times higher than
the annual death rate due to all causes of death among
females ages 15-24 in the general population.
What are Eating Disorders?
The three main types of eating disorders
are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa,
and binge-eating disorder.
 Anorexia- People with this disorder see
themselves as overweight even though
they are dangerously thin.

– Bulimia- People with bulimia often perform
the behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted
and ashamed when they binge, yet relieved
once they purge.
Con’t
– Anorexia- People with this disorder see themselves as
overweight even though they are dangerously thin.
– Bulimia- People with bulimia often perform the
behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted and ashamed
when they binge, yet relieved once they purge.
– frequent episodes of out-of-control eating, with the
same binge-eating symptoms as those with bulimia
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD, one of the most common mental
disorders in children and adolescents, also
affects an estimated 4.1 percent of adults,
ages 18-44, in a given year.

Becomes evident in preschool or early
elementary years.
What is ADHD?

have impaired functioning in multiple settings,
including home, school, and in relationships with
peers.
– Impulsiveness: Acts without thinking first.
– Hyperactivity: Can’t sit still for long periods of time.
– Inattention: Day dreams and gets side tracked easily.
Autism

A recent study reported the prevalence of autism
in 3-10 year-olds to be about 3.4 cases per 1000
children.

Autism and other ASDs develop in childhood and
generally are diagnosed by age three.

Autism is about four times more common in
boys than girls.

However girls, tend to have more severe
symptoms and greater cognitive impairment.
What is Autism?

Cause severe and pervasive impairment in
thinking, feeling, language, and the ability
to relate to others.
Alzheimer's Disease

Affects an estimated 4.5 million Americans.

The number of Americans with AD has more than
doubled since 1980.

Most common cause of dementia among people age 65
and older.

In most cases with AD, symptoms first appear after age
65.
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Rare forms can come as early as 30’s and 40’s.