Engineering 22
Solid
Modeling - 1
Bruce Mayer, PE
Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
1
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Learning Goals
 Describe How AutoCAD SOLIDs differ
from WireFrames and Surfaces
 Create AutoCAD “Primitive” Solids
• Box, Wedge, Cylinder, Sphere, etc.
 Slice and Section 3D Solids
 Use ACAD “Boolean” Operations to
create Solids
• Interfere, Union, Subtract
 Combine Primitives to Make new Solids
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
2
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
WireFrame & Surface Models
 WireFrame Models
• The edges and
vertices of an object
are defined
• Surfaces and interior
are not defined
• Quick to construct
• Transparent
• Complete 3D
database
• Cylinders and
spheres difficult
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
3
 Surface Models
• Surfaces and edges
are defined
• Interior is not defined
(volume but no
mass)
• Tedious to construct
• More complex
surfaces (double
curved, B-splines)
• Visualization
(rendering, shading,
surface texture)
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Solid Modeling





Full 3D model (represents actual object)
Surface, edge, interior features
Can be cut to show interior detail
Mass properties may be determined
Construction techniques
• Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)
• Boundary Representation (B-rep)
 Many display options
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
4
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)
 Standard “primitive” shapes
 AutoCAD has six primitives:
• box, wedge, cone, cylinder, torus, sphere
 Primitives are moved into place with 3D
commands to assemble the object
 Primitives are combined with boolean
commands:
• union, subtract, intersection
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
5
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
The Primitive Solids
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Invoke Solid Shapes
 Or Command Line
•
•
•
•
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Box
Sphere
Cylinder
Etc.
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Draw Box
Command: _box
Specify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0>:
Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: 10,12,0
Specify height: 7
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
8
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Draw Cube
 Use Cube Option
 Pick Edge Length with
Mouse
Command: box
Specify corner of box or [CEnter]
<0,0,0>:
Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: c
Specify length: <Snap on> Specify
second point:
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
9
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Draw Sphere
 Set Grid Resolution with
IsoLines Command
 Pick Center with Mouse
 Enter Diameter From
KeyBoard
Command: isolines
Enter new value for ISOLINES <4>:
24
Command: sphere
Current wire frame density:
ISOLINES=24
Specify center of sphere <0,0,0>:
Specify radius of sphere or
[Diameter]: d
Specify diameter: 7.3
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
10
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Draw Circular Cylinder
 Pick with Mouse
• Center
• Radius
• Height
Command: cylinder
Current wire frame density:
ISOLINES=24
Specify center point for base of
cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>:
Specify radius for base of cylinder
or [Diameter]:
Specify height of cylinder or [Center
of other end]: Specify second
point:
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
11
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Draw Elliptical Cylinder
 Cylinder Command
 Enter from KeyBoard: Ctr,
Axes Lengths, Height
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Command: cylinder
Current wire frame density:
ISOLINES=36
Specify center point for base of cylinder
or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: e
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse for base
of cylinder or [Center]: 2,2
Specify second axis endpoint of ellipse
for base of cylinder: 2,5.5
Specify length of other axis for base of
cylinder: 3.7
Specify height of cylinder or [Center of
other end]: 8.7
Command:
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Draw Cone
 Cone Can have Either
Circular or Elliptical Bases
Circular, 7.3 High
Command: cone
Current wire frame density:
ISOLINES=36
Specify center point for base of cone
or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: e
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse for
base of cone or [Center]: 3.7,4.1
Specify second axis endpoint of
ellipse for base of cone:
Specify length of other axis for base
of cone:
Specify height of cone or [Apex]: 7.3
Elliptical, 7.3 High
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
13
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Draw Wedge
 Pick Base Corner and
opposite Diagonal
 Height from KeyBoard
Command: wedge
Specify first corner of wedge or
[CEnter] <0,0,0>:
Specify corner or [Cube/Length]:
Specify height: 3.7
2nd Base Corner
1st Base Corner
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Extrude PolyLine
 Extrude Heptagon made with
Polygon Tool
Command: _polygon Enter number of sides
<7>:
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: e
Specify first endpoint of edge: Specify second
endpoint of edge:
Command: pedit
Select polyline or [Multiple]:
Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit
vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]: w
Specify new width for all segments: .1
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Extrude PolyLine cont.1
 Extrude Heptagon made with
Polygon Tool
Command: _-view Enter an option
[?/Categorize/lAyer
state/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ucs/Win
dow]: _seiso Regenerating model.
Command: extrude
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 9.1
Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>:
Command
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Extrude Arbitrary PolyLine
 Extrude 2D PolyLine
Command: pline
Specify start point:
Current line-width is 3.4379
Specify next point or
[Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: h
Specify starting half-width <1.7190>: .025
Specify ending half-width <0.0250>:
Specify next point or
[Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:
Specify next point or
[Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:
Specify next point or
[Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:
Specify next point or
[Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:
Specify next point or [Specify next point or
[Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: c
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Extrude Arbitrary PolyLine cont.1
 Extrude 2D PolyLine
Command: pedit
Select polyline or [Multiple]:
Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit
vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]: s
Command: _-view Enter an option [?/Categorize/lAyer
state/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ucs/Window]:
_seiso Regenerating model.
Command: extrude
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 13.7
Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>:
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Revolve Shape
 Revolve
HeptaGon
About Axis
Shown
Command: revolve
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36
Select objects: 1 found
Specify start point for axis of revolution or
define axis by [Object/X (axis)/Y (axis)]:
Specify endpoint of axis:
Specify angle of revolution <360>: 291
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Slice Cylinder w/ Slanted Plane
 Make Cylinder
 Make, Twist, and Move Rectangle to
define Plane
Command: cylinder
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36
Specify center point for base of cylinder or
[Elliptical] <0,0,0>:
Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]:
Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]:
9.7
Command: _rectang
Specify first corner point or
[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify other corner point or
[Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Slice Cylinder w/ Slanted Plane
Command: m
MOVE
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects: 1 found, 2 total
Select objects:
Specify base point or [Displacement]
<Displacement>: mid
of
Specify second point or <use first point as
displacement>: 1.25,1.25,3
Command: slice
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Specify first point on slicing plane by
[Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points]
<3points>:
Specify second point on plane:
Specify third point on plane:
ofMayer,
thePEplane
Bruce
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design GraphicsSpecify a point on desired side
or [keep Both sides]:
21
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
3D Section
 Take Section Thru
3D Solid Along line
shown
Command: section
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Specify first point on Section plane by
[Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points]
<3points>:
Specify second point on plane:
Specify third point on plane:
Pick Pts



Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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 Section Picked
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
3D Section cont
 Section copied
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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 WireFrame View
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
InterFere
WireFrame 3D
Gourand Shaded
 Consider Rod thru
Ellipse of Revolution
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
24
 Use Interfere to
Make Rod with
“Bulging” Ends
Command: interfere
Select first set of solids:
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects: 1 found, 2 total
Select objects:
Select second set of solids:
Select objects:
No solids selected.
Comparing 2 solids with each other.
Interfering solids: 2
Interfering pairs : 1
Create interference solids? [Yes/No]
<N>: y
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
InterFere
 Turn Off Layers to
Show Interfereing,
or Common, Region
 The Result
Bulging End
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
 Again Consider Rod
Thru the “FootBall”
 Combine the Rod
and the Elliptical
Solid
 Show Union with
Vertical SLICE
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Rod Layer On
Command: union
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects: 1 found, 2 total
Select objects:
Command
Rod Layer Off
Union
Command: slice
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Specify first point on slicing plane by
[Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points]
<3points>: zx
Specify a point on the ZX-plane
<0,0,0>:
Specify a point on desired side of the
plane or [keep Both sides]: 0,1,0
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Subtract
 Again Consider Rod
Thru “FootBall”
 Remove the RodShaped Pocket from
the Sliced Elliptical
Solid using
SUBTRACT
Command: SUBTRACT
Select solids and regions to subtract
from ..
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Select solids and regions to subtract ..
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
-
• Pick Order
– Large Solid is
MINUEND, 
– Rod is
SUBTRAHEND, 
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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

Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Coordinate System in AutoCAD





AutoCAD system maintains 3D database
World coordinate system is Default
X,Y as top (plan) view (civil engineering)
Z axis vertical
User Coordinate System (UCS) may be
aligned with features (name and save)
 Icon shows current
coordinate system
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Local Coordinates in AutoCAD
 Define new origin (with existing axes)
 Rotate existing coordinate about X, Y, or
Z Axis
 Define new origin and axes (3 point)
Right Hand
Coordinates
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
User CoOrdinate System - UCS
 The UCS ToolBar
 The Buttons from Left → Right
• UCS: Invokes the UCS command.
• Display UCS Dialog: Shows UCS dialog box.
• UCS Previous: Enables the previous UCS settings.
• World UCS: Matches the UCS with WCS.
• Object UCS: Builds the UCS based on the selected
object.
• Face UCS: Builds the UCS based on the selected
face of the object
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS ToolBars
 More Buttons
• View UCS: Matches UCS with screen. The X axis
horizontal, Y vertical, and Z perpendicular to the scn.
• Origin UCS: Moves the UCS without changing its
orientation.
• Z Axis Vector UCS: Builds the UCS based on the
new direction of the Z axis.
• 3 Point UCS: Builds the UCS by specifying the new
origin, a point on positive X direction, and a point on
XY plane.
• X Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about X axis.
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS ToolBars - 2
 More Buttons
• Y Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about Y axis.
• Z Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about Z axis.
• Apply UCS: Applies the current UCS to a selected
viewport
 UCS-II Tool Bar →
 The Buttons from Left → Right
• Display UCS Dialog: Shows UCS dialog box.
• Move UCS Origin: Moves the UCS without changing
its orientation.
• Select UCS Drop Down List To Pick a saved UCS
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS Commands - 1
 UCS View Aligns UCS to Current Screen View
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
33
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS Commands - 2
 3 Point UCS: Click Points 4, 3 ,1








Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Command: _ucs
Current ucs name: *NO NAME*
Enter an option
[New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/
Save/Del/Apply/?/World]
<World>: _3
Specify new origin point <0,0,0>:
Specify point on positive portion of Xaxis <5.2426,1.6330,6.3509>:
Specify point on positive-Y portion of
the UCS XY plane
<3.7426,2.4990,6.3509>:
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS Commands - 3
 Origin UCS: Click Point 7







Command: _ucs
Current ucs name: *NO NAME*
Enter an option
[New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/
Save/Del/Apply/?/World]

<World>: _o
Specify new origin point <0,0,0>:
Command:

Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS Commands - 4
 Z Axis Vector UCS: Click Pt8 → Pt1








Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Command: _ucs
Current ucs name: *NO NAME*
Enter an option
[New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor
e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]
<World>: _zaxis
Specify new origin point <0,0,0>:
Specify point on positive portion of Zaxis <-4.0000,0.0000,1.0000>:
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS Commands - 5
 Object UCS: Select the CIRCLE near 






Command: _ucs
Current ucs name: *NO NAME*
Enter an option
[New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor
e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]
<World>: _ob
Select object to align UCS:


• The Orientation of the X&Y Axes Depend upon the
Circle Point Selected with Mouse
Bruce Mayer, PE
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
37
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS Commands - 6
 Face UCS: Select Front-Face near Pt8







Command: _ucs
Current ucs name: *NO NAME*
Enter an option
[New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor
e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]
<World>: _fa
Select face of solid object:
Enter an option [Next/Xflip/Yflip]
<accept>:

Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
38
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS Commands - 7
 X Axis Rotate: Rotate UCS 45° about X-axis






Command: _ucs
Current ucs name: *NO NAME*
Enter an option
[New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor
e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]
<World>: _x
Specify rotation angle about X axis
<90>: 45


Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS Commands - 8
 Rotate UCS about Y & Z axes








Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Command: _ucs
Current ucs name: *NO NAME*
Enter an option
[New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor
e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]
<World>: _y
Specify rotation angle about Y axis
<90>: -45
Command: _ucs
Current ucs name: *NO NAME*
Enter an option
[New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor
e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]
<World>: _z
Specify rotation angle about Z axis
<90>: 25
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS Commands - 9
 Save Current UCS as “Pt8_Rot” by KeyBd






Command: ucs
Current ucs name: *NO NAME*
Enter an option
[New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor
e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]
<World>: s
Enter name to save current UCS or
[?]: Pt8_Rot


Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
41
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS Commands - 10
 Return to WCS


Command: ucs




Current ucs name: Pt8_Rot
Enter an option
[New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor
e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]
<World>: w


Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
42
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
UCS Commands - 11
 Restore Saved UCS Pt8_Rot

Command: ucs




Enter name of UCS to restore or [?]:
Pt8_Rot

Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Current ucs name: *WORLD*
Enter an option
[New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor
e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]
<World>: r

Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
All Done for Today
 For Probs 4, 11, 17, 24,
30, 37
• Instruction “A” Only
HW-19
Instructions
• Print in “SEISO” View
 For Prob EX16-51,
Print in BOTH
 Set ISOLINES to 24
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
44
• SEISO
• SWISO
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
Engr/Math/Physics 25
Appendix
f x   2 x  7 x 
9x  6
3
2
Bruce Mayer, PE
Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
45
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt
3D Solid → InterFere
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
46
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt