Chabot College
Fall 2002
Course Outline for Microbiology 1
MICROBIOLOGY
Catalog Description:
1 - Microbiology
5 units
Bacteria, fungi, protozoans, parasites, and viruses with an emphasis on their relationship to humans.
Cultivation, control, metabolism, body's defense against disease, microbial genetics, laboratory
tests, and contemporary diseases are discussed. Methods used in the laboratory include staining,
investigation, cultivation, identification of unknowns, and sensitivity testing. Prerequisite: Biology 31,
and Chemistry 30A or Chemistry 1A (both completed with a grade of "C" or higher). Strongly
recommended: Anatomy 1, eligibility for English 1A or 52A. 3 hours lecture, 6 hours laboratory.
Prerequisite Skills:
Before entering the course, the student should be able to:
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use the scientific method to solve problems;
use a microscope and prepare wet mounts;
take measurements and make conversions using the metric system;
collect data, make and interpret graphs;
utilize descriptive statistics i.e., plot regression lines, coefficient of correlation, value of slope,
and Chi-square;
operate spectrophotometer;
utilize a computer and software to plot and interpret data;
summarize the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis;
explain diffusion, osmosis, osmotic pressure, and dialysis;
explain the need for gas exchange in plants and animals;
explain the need for transport systems in plants and animals;
define the major disciplines of biology;
explain the scientific theory of how life began;
describe the organelles and their function in a eucaryotic cell;
describe the structure of atoms and their energy levels;
define pH, acids, bases, buffers, isotopes, molecules and compounds;
write chemical formulas;
describe the composition and function of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids;
describe the stages of mitosis and meiosis;
solve monohybrid, dihybrid, sex-linked, and multiple allele problems;
write scientific names correctly;
describe the relationships between taxa;
explain the major concepts of Darwin's theory of evolution;
explain the application of the Hardy-Weinberg Law;
describe the modern theory of evolution;
define autotroph, heterotroph, aerobic and anaerobic respiration;
define and interrelate the ecological concepts of trophic levels, food webs, energy flow,
nutrient cycles, and ecosystems;
make unit conversions in the metric system;
describe the structure of the atom;
perform calculations using the mole concept;
identify properties of states of matter;
use standard nomenclatures;
Chabot College
Course Outline for Microbiology 1, page 2
Fall 2002
Prerequisite Skills - continued:
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write balanced equations for chemical reactions including those in aqueous solution and
those involving elementary oxidation-reduction;
describe gas laws qualitatively and quantitatively;
define concentration units of solutions and use these definitions in problem solving;
describe properties of solutions;
interpret reactions according to acid-base theory;
use the pH scale to compare acidity;
write balanced net and total ionic equations;
use Le Chatelier's principle to predict the qualitative effects of changes in concentration,
temperature and pH on an equilibrium;
describe factors affecting the rates of reactions;
describe types of nuclear radiation, isotopes and their half-life, nuclear reactions, units, and
medical/industrial uses;
perform laboratory experiments in an efficient, safe and purposeful manner;
collect and analyze scientific data;
perform a titration;
solve problems involving the concepts listed under course content;
write short explanations describing various chemical phenomena studied;
write balanced chemical equations including net ionic equations;
write balanced chemical equations for oxidation-reduction reactions;
describe the different models of the atom;
use standard nomenclature and notation;
calculate enthalpies of reaction using calorimetry, Hess's law, heats of formation and bond
energies;
describe hybridization, geometry and polarity for simple molecules;
draw Lewis dot structures for molecules and polyatomic ions;
describe the bonding in compounds and ions;
describe simple molecular orbitals of homonuclear systems;
predict deviations from ideal behavior in real gases;
explain chemical and physical changes in terms of thermodynamics;
describe the nature of solids, liquids, gases and phase changes;
describe metallic bonding and semiconductors;
define all concentration units for solutions and solve solution stoichiometry problems;
collect and analyze scientific data, using statistical and graphical methods;
perform volumetric analyses;
use a barometer;
use a visible spectrophotometer;
perform gravimetric analysis.
Chabot College
Course Outline for Microbiology 1, page 3
Fall 2002
Expected Outcomes for Students:
Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to:
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describe the discoveries of microbe investigators and the significance of their work;
explain the taxonomic relationships between procaryotic and eucaryotic cells;
describe bacterial cellular structure and function;
conduct procedures to cultivate and identify bacteria;
handle microorganisms in a safe manner;
identify common protozoans, flatworm, roundworms that parasitize humans, know the
diseases they cause, and describe their life cycles;
identify arthropod vectors of disease;
recognize selected fungi;
describe selected techniques used in genetic engineering;
explain how the human body defends itself against disease;
describe the theory and interpretation of common clinical laboratory tests;
demonstrate proficiency using the microscope, dissecting scope, and spectrophotometer;
interpret antibiotic sensitivity testing and their mode of action;
explain the use of disinfectants, antiseptics, sanitizers and the mode of action of selected
examples;
describe staining methods and the interpretation of various selective and differential media;
recognize shapes, arrangements, and morphological structures of bacteria;
perform and calculate serial dilutions;
graph and interpret data.
Course Content:
Lecture
1.
Introduction to microbiology
a.
Areas of study in microbiology
b.
Taxonomy
c.
History
2.
Structure of bacteria
a.
Shapes and arrangements
b.
Flagella
c.
Fimbriae
d.
Capsules
e.
Cell wall
f.
Cell membrane
g.
Cytoplasmic inclusions
h.
Endospores
3.
Cultivation of bacteria
a.
Growth requirements
b.
Classification of media
c.
Obtaining and maintaining cultures
Chabot College
Course Outline for Microbiology 1, page 4
Fall 2002
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Metabolism
a.
Enzyme structure and function
b.
Physical factors that influence enzyme activity
c.
Structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
d.
Metabolism of glucose, proteins, lipids
e.
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
f.
ATP synthesis and function
g.
Structure of DNA and RNA
h.
Role of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA in protein synthesis
i.
Operon Model
Genetics
a.
Mutations i.e., chromosome and gene
b.
Genotype, phenotype
c.
Conjugation
d.
Transformation
e.
Transduction
f.
Genetic engineering
Fungi
a.
Structure and reproduction of selected species
b.
Human diseases
c.
Growth requirements
Viruses
a.
Composition
b.
Reproduction
c.
Animal viruses and diseases
Rickettsiae
a.
Structure
b.
Vectors
c.
Human diseases
d.
Methods of diagnosis
Control of Microorganisms
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Sterilization, disinfection, antimicrobial agents
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Physical factors
c.
Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents
Immunology
a.
Nonspecific immunity, i.e., blood cells, lymphatic system, phagocytosis, tissue
factors, complement
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Specific immunity, i.e., antigens, antibodies
c.
Clonal selection Theory
d.
T and B lymphocytes and their function
Serological Diagnostic Methods
a.
Agglutination tests
b.
Precipitin tests
c.
Complement fixation tests
d.
Neutralization tests
e.
Radioimmunoassay testing
f.
Fluorescent antibody testing
g.
ELISA
Chabot College
Course Outline for Microbiology 1, page 5
Fall 2002
12.
Contemporary Diseases
a.
AIDS
b.
Hepatitis A, B, C, D
c.
Tuberculosis
d.
Legionnaire's
e.
Toxic Shock Syndrome
f.
Lyme's
g.
Ebola
Laboratory Activities:
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Microscope
Measuring cells
Bacterial morphology and arrangements
Aseptic and isolation techniques
Staining procedures i.e., simple, gram, acid-fast, spore, capsule
Morphological unknown
Anaerobic culture methods
Carbohydrate fermentation
Respiration reactions
Protein utilization
Differential media
Enterotube II
Bacterial unknown
Serial dilutions and counting bacteria
Tubidometry
Effect of temperature
Effect of U.V.
Antibiotic testing-Kirby Bauer
M.I.C. Testing
Disinfectant testing
Oral hygiene
Evaluation of mouthwashes
Throat culture
Skin culture
Protozoans
Parasitic protozoans
Parasitic flatworm
Parasitic roundworms
Arthropod vectors
Methods of Presentation:
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Lecture and discussion
Observation, collection and analysis of data
Laboratory studies
Charts, models, slides, transparencies
Films
Chabot College
Course Outlaine for Microbiology 1, page 6
Fall 2002
Assignments and Methods of Evaluating Student Progress:
1.
Typical Assignments
a.
Preparation for lecture exams and comprehensive final
b.
Written lab reports
c.
Unknowns
2.
Methods of Evaluating Student Progress
a.
Examinations, including a final exam
b.
Unannounced quizzes
c.
Laboratory practical
d.
Bacterial unknowns
e.
Laboratory reports
Textbook(s) (Typical):
Microbiology, 7th edition, Tortora, McMillian Publishers, 1995
Exercises in Microbiology, Collins, 2001
Special Student Materials:
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Lab coat or apron
Marking pen
Colored pencils
Towel
BC:al
Revised 2/6/02