2002 Arctic Winter Games:
Nuuk, Greenland and Iqaluit, Canada
Personal and Social Benefits of Participation
Prepared by
World Leisure Professional Services (WPS)
www.worldleisure.org
Prepared for and Supported by
Arctic Winter Games International Committee
NWT Municipal and Community Affairs
Sport North
Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Canada
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Page 1
2002 Arctic Winter Games:
Personal and Social Benefits of Participation
Prepared by
Dr. Samuel V. Lankford
World Leisure Professional Services (WPS)
Dr. Larry L. Neal
Pacific Northwest Area Representative
World Leisure Professional Services (WPS)
Kelly Sanders
Research Assistant
University of Northern Iowa
Jamie Bozek
Research Assistant
University of Northern Iowa
Prepared for and Supported by
Arctic Winter Games International Committee
NWT Municipal and Community Affairs
Sport North
Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Canada
www.worldleisure.org
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 2
2002 Arctic Winter Games:
Personal and Social Benefits of Participation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
4
Executive Summary Report
6
Study Objectives and Research Questions
7
Methodology
5
Organization of the Report
8
Personal and Social Benefits of Participants
10
Excitement, Challenges and Positive Experiences
10
Enhanced Self-Esteem and Growth in Personal Outlook
17
Providing Healthy, Challenging and Competitive Opportunities for Youth
24
Sense of Belonging and Strengthening of Community Ties
27
Promoting Socialization and Strengthening Cultural Awareness
31
APPENDIX
A: Factor Structure of Personal and Social Benefits
B: Data by Ethnicity for Northwest Territories
C: Demographic Data and Open Ended Questions
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 3
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Personal & Social
Benefits of Participation
Introduction
In 1970, Government Officials from Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories [NWT]
and Federal Members of Parliament worked together to host the first Arctic Winter Games
[AWG]. Further, contingents from Northern Alberta, Greenland, and the Russian
Provinces of Magadan, and Tyumen now participate in the games. The goal of the games
has remained the same over the years: to furnish the opportunity through sport, the social
and cultural meeting of Northern peoples regardless of language, race or creed.
The games are held biannually during the month of March. In preparation for AWG,
a selection process is held to determine the composition of the teams for the games. This
process is conducted by holding regional trials and then territorial trials. The regional trials
are normally held in November/December while the territorial trials are held in January,
preceding the actual games. Athletes representing many hamlets, towns, villages and
communities attend the trials and final games.
AWG is designed to include the promotion of traditional aboriginal games based
upon survival in the north. There are three categories of sports that are included in the
games: major sports, northern sports (Inuit games, Dene games, snowshoeing, dog mushing,
Inuit wrestling), and emerging/potential sports. Overall, in 2002 there were more than 18
different sporting events. The Games offer a venue where developing athletes from across
the north meet to enhance their athletic skills and to share their respective cultures.
The International Committee for the Arctic Winter Games promotes the following
mission (role/purpose) in the Games:

Athletic Competition: “To involve as many athletes as possible either in the
Games themselves or in the Regional and Territorial Trials, and to provide a forum
of northern sport competition for those other than elite athletes with competitive
opportunities in the south.”

Cultural Exhibition & Social Interchange: “To promote indigenous cultural
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 4
activities and exhibitions, and to get different groups together.”
To develop,
amongst northern peoples, a geographic identity and to develop and maintain good
relations.”

Spirit of Fair Play “The fundamental purpose is to encourage maximum
participation by all ages of youth, cultures and walks of life in a broad range of
athletic activities. The Games are to exemplify the spirit of fair play during the
Games week.”
In support of this three part mission; the Arctic Winter Games International
Committee [AWGIC] promotes the following values of:








cultural awareness and understanding
fair play
access and equity
integrity
respect for others and self
partnerships
personal development
community development
In support of this three-part mission, AWG supports the development of competent
certified coaches who play a key role in promoting these values and operating principles.
The games allow both male and female participants to improve their skills and develop
personal values and traits that enhance their self-esteem and thus their ability to have
success in other aspects of their lives.
The overall findings of this study are very encouraging and give a strong rationale
for the continued development, advancement and support for AWG. The results have been
consistent with the aforementioned mission and values of the games as established by the
International Committee. Furthermore, the findings of this report validate the benefits of
AWG as noted in the publication “Arctic Winter Games – The History and Organization.”
This study is the third initial examination of the personal, social and community benefits of
the games (as opposed to previous bi-annual economic impact studies from the onset of the
games). This research focused on the use of a questionnaire developed and tested in the
2000 AWG’s.
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 5
Importantly, the data is conclusive and provides a clear rationale for generating nongovernmental organization (NGO), government and private support for future AWG. The
games do not take place in a vacuum. There appears to be very strong linkages to the need
for community programs to support these young people prior to, during, and after the
competitions. These programs are related to community development and social service
issues as well as recreation and sport programs. The findings also correlate with the
findings of the Sport North report “The Benefits of Sport in the Northwest Territories.”
Specifically, that sport participation (training and competition) is a major feature in the
lives of young people in the Northwest Territories.
Executive Report
The Benefits of Participation are Hot in the Arctic Winter Games!
Introduction
Some thirty-three years ago two visionaries, Stuart Hodgson and James Smith, then
Commissioners of Canada’s Northwest Territories and Yukon recognized the need for
unique northern competitions among youth of the north. Two years later (1970),
government officials from Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Federal Members of
the Canadian Parliament worked together to sponsor the first Arctic Winter Games (AWG).
Today, contingents from Greenland, and the Russian Provinces of Magadan, and Tyumen
now participate in the games. The goal of the games has remained the same over the years:
to furnish the opportunity through sport, the social and cultural meeting of Northern
peoples regardless of language, race or creed. The games are restricted to youth of the
circumpolar region of the arctic. The success of the AWG’s over the years has in large part
been due to the clear, specific, and importance of the mission and goals of the games.
The Games are held biannually during the month of March. In preparation for the
Games, regional trials and then final territorial trials are held to determine the composition
of the AWG Teams. Regional Trials are normally held in November/December while
Territorial trials are held in January preceding the Games. In the NWT alone, athletes in the
regional, territorial and final AWG’s represent over 50 hamlets, towns, villages and
communities. Most of the participants come from isolated communities.
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 6
As one athlete from a remote Alaskan village noted “…when I came into the arena…it
was amazing… I said WOW! It’s awesome…I didn’t think there were this many people
in the world.”
The Games are designed to promote traditional aboriginal games, sports and cultural
activities based upon survival in the north. There are three categories of sports that are
included in the Games: sports with wide participation (e.g. hockey, volleyball, soccer, cross
country skiing), traditional northern sports (Arctic Sports which include Inuit and Dene
games such as Alaskan high kick, wrestling), and emerging/potential sports (such as
snowboarding, ping pong etc.). In the 2000 AWG’s in Whitehorse, Yukon, there were 18
different sporting events. The Games offer a venue where developing athletes from across
the north meet to enhance their athletic skills, and to share their respective cultures.
For many, the Arctic Winter Games is a chance in a lifetime! Said an anonymous
athlete from NWT.
The International Committee promotes the following mission (role/purpose) in the
games: athletic competition, cultural exhibition, and social inter-change. In support of this
three - part mission; the International committee promotes the following values of:

cultural awareness and understanding

fair play and sportsmanship

access and equity

integrity

respect for others and self

partnerships

personal development

community development
The Arctic Winter Games International Committee (AWGIC) provides for certified
coaches who promote the values and operating principles. These games allow both male
and females to improve their skills and develop personal values and traits that enhance their
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 7
ability to succeed in life. These values, taken in their entirety, constitute rationale and basis
for extensive support from government, NGO’s and businesses. Specifically, involvement
in the games does suggest that a number of important social, personal and community
benefits are realized. For example, a Chef de Mission noted “it is important for coaches to
be clean… to be good role models for our athletes.”
The findings of this study are very encouraging and show strong rationale for the
continued development and advancement of the Games. The findings of our research
support the above-mentioned mission and values of the Games as established by the
International Committee. The findings of this report validate the benefits of the AWG’s as
noted in the publication “Arctic Winter Games – The History and Organization.” As this
study was the initial examination of the personal, social and community benefits of the
Games (as opposed to previous economic impact studies), this research focused on the
development of a meaningful questionnaire and was limited to the NWT participants,
coaches and volunteers. However, over the six-year study period, data was collected from
all the contingents that could spoke English.
A Yellowknife athlete in the spirit of sharing and sportsmanship noted “The
Yellowknife soccer team gave the Russian team shoes… but they would have kicked ---with the slipper type shoes they brought with them anyway.”
Importantly, the data provide a clear rationale for generating NGO, government and
private support for the AWG's. In addition, there appears to be very strong linkages to the
need for community programs to support these young people prior to, during and after the
competitions. These programs are related to community development and social service
issues as well as recreation and sport programs. The findings also correlate with the
findings of the Sport North report “The Benefits of Sport in the Northwest Territories.”
Specifically, that sport participation (training and competition) is a major feature in the
lives of young people in the Northwest Territories.
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 8
How We Documented the Benefits of Participation
Within the twenty-eight year (28 year) history of the Games, this study provides the
first comprehensive database to evaluate the programmatic goals and expected outcomes.
The research focused on (among other things) documenting the personal, social and
community benefits of involvement for participants, volunteers, community leaders and
coaches in the Arctic Winter Games and regional trials leading up to the Games.
The researcher’s met with Canadian Northwest Territories (NWT) representatives
for a weeklong workshop on survey development and research methods. Using nominal
group techniques, the researcher’s helped the team develop a draft research instrument and
field-tested the questionnaire. Further testing and modifications were completed during and
after the regional trials in the NWT. A team of staff from Municipal and Community
Affairs (MACA) and Sport North of NWT were also involved as researchers in the data
collection process during the regionals, territorials and final AWG’s.
The research was completed in three phases for all the Games in 1998 (Yellowknife),
2000 (Yukon), and Iqaluit/Nuuk (2002). During phase one all participants who registered
for the Regional Trials filled in a survey and returned it to their Regional Coordinator along
with their completed registration form. In phase two a sample of the participants at the
Territorial Trials filled in a survey related to their involvement at this level. Finally, phase
three involved surveying a sample of the participants who competed in the actual Arctic
Winter Games.
The research team collected 548 surveys in Yellowknife and 574 in Whitehorse.
The data for Nuuk and Greenland are yet to be fully collected and analyzed. which were
entered on the computer and analyzed. The survey explored issues relative to athletic
competition, cultural and social interchange, spirit of fair play, and training. Questions also
addressed "being northern," and "northern sports" and how the Games related to the
uniqueness of the north. The survey also contained personal data questions and areas where
the respondent could add qualitative information. Males made up 55.3% of the sample
while females made up 42.2% of the sample. Nearly 80% (79%) of the male respondents
were athletes, while 77.9% were female athletes (the others were cultural performers).
Respondents indicated that 46.2% have participated in previous regional, territorial or
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 9
AWG’s in the past, while 50.1% indicated this was their first year of competition. The
ethnic background for the athletes consisted of: 11.2% Inuvialuit; 14.1% Dene; 6.8% Metis;
10.7% Inuit; 50.8% Non Aboriginal; while 10.5% provided no answer.
Athletes indicated those that motivated them to become involved in the games were
coaches (48.2%); friends (45.3%); other athletes (42%); parents and relatives (40.7%);
previous participants (20%); recreation leaders (14.9%); and teachers (11.1%).
Approximately 6% indicated they became involved due to their own initiative. These
findings indicate the relative importance of peer pressure and role modeling in leisure,
active lifestyles, and sport involvement.
The Benefits are Alive and Well in Canada’s North!
Five distinct benefit segments emerged from the documentation of the benefits of
participation in the Arctic Winter Games (see tables 1 through 5). The first set of personal,
social and community benefit statements can be described as “Excitement, Challenges, and
Positive Experiences.” Respondents overwhelmingly stated that particiaption Iin the Arctic
Winter Games allows participation to have fun. The study findings also indicated that
participation gives them an opportunity to enjoy sports; provides interesting experiences to
tell friends, and brings happy memories.
Table 1: Benefits Related to Excitement, Challenges and Positive Experiences
Involvement gives opportunities to enjoy sports
“
“ gives new adventures and excitement
“
“ gives a chance to see other towns and places
“
“ provides interesting experiences which I can tell my friends about
“
“ brings happy memories after the Games
“
“ provides youth with a physical challenge
“
“ helps youth gain respect for themselves
“
“ give youth a chance to compete with others
“
“ helps youth learn more about sports
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 10
“
“ is fun
“
“ brings recognition to the provinces or territories
“
“ keeps youth healthy
“
“ brings recognition from other people
As one anonymous athlete told us “If felt kinda importantt …just walking in with all
the athletes… and hearing the national anthem and seeing the Governor General of all of
Canada.”
The second set of personal, social and community benefits are described as
“Enhancment of Self-Esteem and Growth in Personal Outlook.” Questions reflect
perceptions of self, improvement through sport, and cultural experiences.
Table 2: Benefit Statements Related to Enhanced Self-Esteem and Personal Outlook
“
“ helps youth in school work
“
“ helps youth to want to do better in school
“
“ makes the community a better place to live
“
“ brings family closer together
“
“ helps youth understand themselves
“
“ brings the community closer together
“
“ helps youth develop leadership skills
“
“ helps youth get the most out of life
“
“ provides youth with an escape from family pressure
The third major set of benefits related to ”healthy, challenging and competitive
opportunities” for youth. Athletes overwhelimingly showed positive regard and attitudes
toward healthy lifestyles and competition. Of particular interest is the improvement in
physical fitness levels, skill development and competitive sports. The following quote
sums it up:
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 11
“Arctic sports! It’s great to see how easy they make serious competition look…how
they help each other too is great.” Greenland parent.
Table 3: Benefit Statements Related to Providing Healthy, Challenging and Competitive
Opportunities for Yout:
“
“ challenges youth through sports
“
“ keeps youth physically fit
“
“ allows youth to be competitive
“
“ helps youth develop skills and abilities in sports
“
“ gets youth involved with other youth in sports
The fourth set of benefit statements addressed the “Sense of Belonging and
Strenghening of Commuity Ties.” This set of questions represents awareness and
appreciation of the community. In terms of being tied to their northern communities, many
athletes commented something like “If it weren for the games, no one would be doing arctic
sports in our community.” It is also important to note the significance of this set of
questions in that connections with community development exist. As an NWT athlete
noted: “all the students in our community and school know about the games, we can thank
two gung-ho officials.” This points out the importance of the games and the networking
that takes place. In summary, involvement not only in the final games, but in the training
and trials process may be a powerful force to strengthen northern communities.
“…these little towns turn out and turn on!” Yukon Coach
Table 4: Benefits Statements Related to Sense of Belonging and Strengthening of
Community Ties:
“
“ helps youth be a role model for others in the community
“
“ provides other role models to look up to
“
“ encourages communities to support youth who are involved
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 12
“
“ helps youth to overcome anxiety of competition
“
“ helps build excitement and involvement of the people in a community
“
“ helps youth control their free time
The final set of benefit statements identified include “Promoting Socialization and
Strenghtening Cultural Awareness.” Many positive outcomes were expressed. In terms of
cultural awareness, as one participant in the cultural workshop noted: “the organizers pay
more than lip service to the games, they are committed to making the studio workshop a
success.” Another athlete noted that the “games and the competition leading to the games
provide an opportunity to educate athletes in terms of race, religion and language.”
Certainly, participants become aware of their neighbors and begin to accept differences
due to these experiences.
Table 5: Benefit Statements Related to Promoting Socialization and Cultural Awareness
“
“ provides for better understanding of other cultures
“
“ provides opportunities for cultural experiences
“
“ helps youth take pride in their own culture
“
“ helps youth interact with different cultures
“
“ helps youth learn something new
“
“ helps youth meet new people and make new friends
“
“ helps youth develp pride in being “northern”
“…there was an athlete from another team who met some of his relatives for the
first time, right here in Whitehorse. Not only the athletic competition, but to be able to meet
relatives and make friends is great.” Focus group quote – from Iqaluit.
Summary
It is encouraging to see that the goals of the Arctic Winter Games are being realized,
possible exceeded in some cases. The spirit of play, competition, inclusion, development
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 13
and understanding of other people were realized through participation in the games.
Furthermore, there appears to be significant community benefits realted to the concept of
community development, sense of community and building healthy lifestyles.
The findings also support personal benefits (youth development), social and cultural
benefits (leadership, mentoring, understainding, and increased socialization), economic
benefits (health and fitness improvement, contributions by volunteers), and environmental
benefits (development of facilties and areas for sport). As one anonymous observer noted
“Sport is not an option. It is an essential part of our lives. It is an integral part of the social,
spiritual and mental fabric of our society.”
Respondents clearly indicated that the training, trials and competition have provided
significant opportunities to get to know other cultures and ways of life. Importantly, they
experienced cultural and social interchange situations unlike any in their past or possibly in
their future. When asked to express this in their own words, the following comments were
recorded about the arctic winter games and their experiences:

The sports and traditions are found only in the north and the AWG’s allow
people to try/see and continue these traditions

It helps people show their culture

They contain sports not practiced elsewhere

Having the cultural shows enhances the experience

If the AWG’s do not promote our culture and sports, they will die in the
community

Because there are so many different cultures, we can all work together

Increases the chances of “people remembering”

Gives kids a chance to learn from older kids, good to mix junior and seniors

By exposing them to the games and cultures, an awareness is made that is not
done in everyday life in the villages

Some sports would not be practiced anywhere in the north if not for the Games

Gives other people a chance to understand our culture

Brings us together and builds tradtional cultures
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 14

It challenges the kids and gives them something to work towards which
encourages other kids to participate

Always have the people from Russia to share their culture

You watch and you learn

We have to keep them going!
Overall, positive outcomes were expressed for building excitement and
involvement of people in the community; supporting athletes; involvement of all
communities; having pride in being Northern; making new friends; and interacting with and
understanding other cultures. Importantly, the respondents indicated that the cultural
program aspect of the Games were very important, and that their involvement with the
games do significantly increase their desire to become involved in other community events
in their village.
Being able to confirm the benefits of participation provides opportunities to develop
additional training programs, coaching programs, and events for communities. Obviously,
this documenation allows an opportunity to fund raise and support activities for sport and
cultural activities for youth in the north. The following quote emodies the spirit of play,
sport and culture in the north:
“The competition is against no one and involves everyone. The true spirit is brought
out in everyone.” Anonymous.
For more information on the personal and community benefits research and
references, please contact Chris Szabo, Director, Sport, Recreation and Youth, Municipal
and Community Affairs, Yellowknife, NWT X12A 3S9, or cszabo@maca.gov.nt.ca.
Please visit www.awg.ca to view and download the reports.
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 15
Study Objectives and Primary Research Questions
Within the 30-year history of AWG, this study has provided the first comprehensive
database concerning the personal, social and community benefits of participation in the
games. The research has focused on:
 documenting the personal, social and community benefits of involvement for
participants, volunteers, community leaders and coaches in the regional trials
leading up to the games and the actual games;
 validating the mission (role/purpose) and values established for the games;
 identifying the personal and social benefits for male and female athletes;
 identifying and understanding the cultural interchange experiences of the
participants;
 documenting the opportunities of community development, confidence and pride;
 validating the notion of friendly competition while sharing cultural values;
 estimating the social impact the games have on promoting northern unity and
cultural understanding; and
 gathering personal input from athletes for future use by the AWGIC.
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 16
Methodology
In 1998, during the first phase of this study, the researchers met with Canadian
Northwest Territories representatives for a weeklong workshop on survey development and
research methods. Using nominal group techniques, the researchers helped the team
develop a draft research instrument and they field-tested the questionnaire. Further tests
and modifications were completed during and after the regional trials in the NWT. A team
of staff from MACA and Sport North of NWT were also involved as researchers in the data
collection process during the regional trial, territorial trial, and final AWG. Without this
dedication and support, the large sample (n = 1189) would have been impossible. Athletes,
business people, coaches, community leaders, officials, and volunteers were asked to
participate in the study. The data in this report reflect their perceptions. However, the
primary objective of this research was on discovering the personal and social benefits of
athletes. Therefore, the majority of the surveys were completed by this group.
The second phase of research was completed in three components leading up to the
2000 Arctic Winter Games in Whitehorse, Yukon.

Phase One: a sample of participants who registered for the regional trials
filled in a survey and returned it to their regional coordinator.

Phase Two: a sample of participants at the territorial trials completed a
survey, which was related to their participation.

Phase Three: a sample of AWG participants, who competed at Whitehorse
in March, 2000, was obtained.
The research team collected 574 surveys in Whitehorse, which were entered on the
computer and analyzed. Respondents comprised of 217 from Northwest Territories, 140
from Alaska, 98 from Nunavut, 71 from Alberta, 38 from Yukon, and 10 from Nunavik.
The survey explored issues relative to athletic competition, cultural and social interchange,
spirit of fair play, and training. Questions posited by MACA and Sport North officials also
addressed "being northern," and "northern sports" and how the games related to the
uniqueness of the north. The survey also contained personal data questions and areas
where the respondent could add qualitative information. In addition, case studies and
interviews, and focus group sessions were completed in order to better understand the
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 17
overall scope and impact of the games on the groups being studied. These selected quotes
and observations are.
The third phase of research was completed in three components leading up to the
2002 Arctic Winter Games in Greenland

Phase One: a sample of participants who registered for the regional trials
filled in a survey and returned it to their regional coordinator.

Phase Two: a sample of participants at the territorial trials completed a
survey, which was related to their participation.

Phase Three: a sample of AWG participants, who competed at Nunavit,
Greenland in March, 2002, was obtained.
The research team collected 799 surveys at Nunavit and they were entered into the
computer and analyzed. The survey explored the same areas and the previous games in
2000, this data allows one to compare the Games and attitudes and opinions of respondents.
The testing and validating of competition and involvement among all the athletes,
and not just elite athletes, was of great importance to this study. A series of questions were
developed around the following goal, derived from the AWGIC’s guidelines:

The goal of athletic competition for AWG, as well as the regional and territorial
trials, is to involve as many athletes as possible and provide a forum of northern
sport competition for those other than elite athletes.
A series of questions relative to the competitiveness of the games, developmental
skills, learning about sports, and challenges of competition are addressed in the following
graphs. It is important to note the relationships to competition when viewing these findings.
Although some minor differences exist, there appear to be tendencies when viewing the
data by gender, athlete and non-athlete (volunteer, officials, coaches) and place/level of
competition (Regional Trials, Territorial Trials and AWG’s).
Questions were developed using information from Sport North staff, Municipal and
Community Affairs staff, interviews with coaches and athletes, the literature on sport and
competition and pre-testing the items. Importantly, the following information on
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 18
competition should be viewed within the broader context of competition, diverse sport and
young athletes. It is apparent that the personal and community benefits derived from
competition in the training and games are positive. Furthermore, the goal of the AWGIG
seems to be supported in view of these findings.
For this study males made up 57.2% of the sample while females made up 40.7%
of the sample. Respondents indicated that 45% have participated in previous regional,
territorial or AWG’s in the past, while 53% indicated this was their first year of competition.
The ethnic background for the athletes consisted of: 4% Inuvialuit; 6% Dene; 5% Metis;
19% Inuit; 61% Non Aboriginal; while 6% provided no answer. Athletes indicated those
that motivated them to become involved in the games were coaches (58%); parents and
relatives (54%); friends (52%); other athletes (50%); previous participants (28%);
recreation leaders (12%); and teachers (17%).
Organization of the Report
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 19
This report addresses the main themes of AWG: 1) to provide a forum of northern
sport competition; 2) to promote cultural activities and exhibitions; 3) to develop a sense of
being northern; and 4) to encourage fair play and promote participation among all walks of
life in a broad range of activities. A series of questions were developed around these
themes. The following sections describe the findings to the above themes in tabular and
graphic form. More specifically, comparisons were made between male and female athletes
that participated in the games. Furthermore, comparisons between means of the athletes for
all three games were made.
These comparisons are intended to highlight the fact that
participation in any or all of these athletic events promotes personal and social well- being.
The AWGIC goals, as mentioned on page one, were used as a means to organize the
questionnaire and subsequent report.
The analysis of the findings from Whitehorse
revealed the following personal and social benefits of participants. It is significant, and
should be noted that these benefit dimensions were also found in the 1998 Yellowknife
AWG’s social benefits study.

Excitement, challenges and positive personal experiences.

Enhanced self-esteem and growth in personal outlook.

Providing healthy, challenging and competitive opportunities for youth.

Sense of belonging and strengthening of community ties.

Promoting socialization and strengthening cultural awareness.
In addition to a series of questions that revealed the dimensions above, a number of
questions identified demographic characteristics of the population being studied. These
questions and findings are addressed in detail below. The data representing the personal
and social benefits were analyzed using factor analysis (principle components with oblique
rotation). This analysis allowed the researchers to better understand the dimensions of
personal and social benefits of participants. Five factor structures were observed (eigen
values over 1) which explained 50.02% of the variance in the data.
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 20
Personal and Social Benefits of Participants
This part of the report details the findings with regard to athletic competition. In
particular, the personal and social benefits of participation in the AWG are reported. Of
interest here is the way in which the benefit statements are organized, or structured, via the
responses from the athletes and other groups. The first section discusses “excitement,
challenges and positive personal experiences.” Section two addresses “enhanced selfesteem and growth in personal outlook.” Section three describes “providing healthy,
challenging and competitive opportunities for youth.” The fourth section reports on the
“sense of belonging and strengthening of community ties.” Lastly section five discusses
“promotion of socialization and strengthening cultural awareness.”
Note: All five sections the data between “athletes” and “others” are reported.
Athletes are actual competitors and are characterized as being younger and
specifically focused on their sport of activity. Other refers to the coaches and
volunteers who are generally older and by their own definition see the AWG’s in a
broader content.
Section 1: Excitement, Challenges and Positive Personal Experiences
This dimension of personal and social benefits consists of 11 questions (eigen value
=14.60, alpha = .8984) and is interpreted as “Excitement, Challenge and Positive Personal
Experiences.” This dimension contains items that reflect a participants' ability to enjoy
sports and competition, meet new people, benefit from good health through training, and
experience adventure. Male and female comparisons are made in the table(see below).
Overall, positive outcomes were expressed regarding items on excitement,
challenges, and positive personal experiences of AWG’s (see below). Respondents
overwhelmingly stated that participation in the AWG’s allows participants to have fun. The
data also indicated that the AWG’s gives them an opportunity to enjoy sports; provides
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 21
interesting experiences which I can tell my friends afterwards; brings happy memories
afterwards. The pattern of male and female athlete findings was nearly even in the
distribution of scores, however the female athletes consistently rated the items more
positively than the male athletes. Some significant differences existing among the
following items: AWGs give me the chance for new adventures and excitement, gives me a
chance to see other towns/place, and provides interesting experiences which I can tell my
friends about afterwards. For these items, female athletes expressed more positive
outcomes than male athletes did.
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 22
Table 1: Excitement, Challenges, and Positive Personal Experiences
[N=799]
2002
AWG
Mean
2000
AWG
Mean
1998
AWG
Mean
4.53
4.67
4.59
4.53
4.10
0.1
4.42
4.64
4.50
4.42
3.50
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.6
4.54
4.70
4.61
4.41
3.57
5.1
1.8
6.9
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.1
4.44
4.62
4.57
4.46
3.76
20.7
12.2
32.9
4.4
2.7
7.1
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4
4.44
4.57
4.50
4.53
4.48
36.3
24.6
61
17.9
14.3
32.2
4
2.2
6.2
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
4.54
4.69
4.60
4.36
3.15
Helps me respect myself for
doing these things
Male
Female
Athletes
26.6
19.9
46.5
23.1
17.4
40.5
7.4
3.9
11.2
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.3
4.27
4.38
4.31
4.28
4.29
It gives me the chance to
compete with others
Male
Female
Athletes
35.4
26.5
61.9
18.9
12.8
31.8
3.8
1.9
5.7
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.1
4.52
4.59
4.55
4.45
4.29
Strongly
Agree (%)
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Gives me an opportunity to
enjoy sports
Male
Female
Athletes
36.2
28.6
64.8
18.6
11.7
30.3
3.2
0.9
4.1
0.6
0.1
0.6
0.1
Gives me the chance for new
adventures and excitement
Male
Female
Athletes
31.3
28.3
59.6
21.7
11.4
33.1
4.7
1.7
6.3
0.8
0.1
0.9
0.1
Gives me a chance to see
other towns/places
Male
Female
Athletes
37.1
30.5
67.6
17.7
9.8
27.5
3
0.8
3.7
0.5
Provides interesting
experiences which I can tell
my friends about afterwards
Male
Female
Athletes
31.7
27.4
59.1
21.5
12.1
33.6
Brings happy memories
after the Event
Male
Female
Athletes
32.6
26.4
59.1
Provides me with a physical
challenge
Male
Female
Athletes
1.5
0.1
Lets me learn more about
different sports
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 23
Male
Female
26.2
18.5
26.5
17.6
4.8
4.7
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.4
Athletes
44.8
44.1
9.5
1.2
To Have Fun
Male
Female
Athletes
41.3
31.9
73.2
15.1
8.9
24
2.1
0.5
2.6
0.3
Training and competition
keeps me healthy
Male
Female
28.6
18.7
20.3
16.5
8
5.8
1.4
0.4
0.3
0.1
47.2
36.8
13.8
1.8
0.4
Athletes
0.3
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.38
4.31
4.66
4.76
4.70
4.7
4.71
4.29
4.28
4.29
Eigen Value
Alpha
0.8984
Table 1 Comparisons
5
4
1998
3
2000
2002
2
1
Gives me an
opportunity to enjoy
sports
Provides me with a
physical challenge
Helps me respect
myself for doing
these things
Scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 24
Table 1 Comparisons
5
4
1998
3
2000
2
2002
1
Gives me the
chance for new
adventures and
excitement
Provides
Brings happy
interesting
memories after the
experiences which I
Event
can tell my friends
about afterwards
Scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree
Table 1 Comparisons
5
4
1998
3
2000
2002
2
1
Gives me a chance to
see other
towns/places
It gives me the
chance to compete
with others
Lets me learn more
about different sports
Scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 25
Section 2: Enhanced Self-Esteem and Growth in Personal Outlook
This dimension of personal and social benefits consists of 6 questions (eigenvalue =
3.10, alpha = .8865) and is interpreted as “Enhanced Self Esteem and Personal Outlook.”
This dimension contains items that represent the participants’ perceptions of self, and
improvement, through diverse sport and cultural experiences.
Compared to other four dimensions, respondents expressed relatively less positive
attitude toward this dimension: enhanced self-esteem and growth in personal outlook. In
fact, the mean scores of items in this dimension were mostly less than four. The data
suggested that major respondents were not sure (neutral) on the following items: AWG’s
makes youth want to do better in school, involvement in these games make my community
together. It also noted that a relatively large number of respondents strongly disagreed on
items that AWG’s makes my community a better place to live, and brings family closer
together. The item that was rated the highest in this dimension by respondents was: AWG’s
help me develop my own leadership skills.
For the comparisons between the last three AWGs results (SEE GRAPHS), there
were significant differences in items on these games help develop my own leadership skills,
brings my community closer together, helps me understand myself better, and brings my
family closer together.. For these items, female athletes had the tendency to have a slightly
moe negative attitude towards the items than the male athletes. One of the best examples of
this was the item brings my community closer together, which was rated a 3.76 by the
males athletes and 3.57 by the female athletes.
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 26
Table 2: Enhanced Self-Esteem and Growth in Personal Outlook
[N=799]
Makes youth want to
do better in school
Males
Females
Athletes
Involvement in these
games make my
community a better
place to live
Males
Females
Athletes
Brings our family
closer together
Males
Females
Athletes
Helps me to
understand myself
better
Males
Females
Athletes
Brings my community
closer together
Males
Females
Athletes
These games help
develop my own
leadership skills
Males
Females
Athletes
Strongly
Agree (%)
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
2002
AWG
Mean
2000
AWG
Mean
11.7
8.8
20.5
18.7
8.9
27.6
18
15.8
33.8
6.9
5.6
12.4
3.5
2.2
5.7
3.48
3.41
3.54
3.20
14.8
7.6
22.5
16.5
9.9
26.5
20.8
17.3
38.1
4.5
4.4
8.9
2.2
1.9
4.1
3.63
3.41
3.54
3.50
11.8
7.2
18.9
9.9
20.3
16.3
6.2
5.8
1.6
2.1
19
28.8
36.6
12
3.6
3.56
3.35
3.48
3.50
4.43
16.2
10.3
21.3
14.9
16.5
12.1
4
3.5
0.6
0.5
26.5
36.2
28.6
7.5
1.2
3.83
3.75
3.80
3.80
4.40
14.1
7.9
21.9
22.1
14.3
36.4
17.5
14.6
32.1
4
3.4
7.4
0.8
1.4
2.2
3.76
3.57
3.69
3.50
4.48
24.3
16.5
40.8
21.9
14.9
36.8
10.7
9.1
19.8
1.7
0.6
2.3
0.1
0.1
0.3
4.17
4.14
4.16
4.10
4.49
Eigen Value
Alpha
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
0.8865
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 27
1998
AWG
Mean
Table 2 Comparisons
5
4
1998
3
2000
2002
2
1
Makes youth want to
do better in school
Brings our family
closer together
Helps me understand
myself better
Scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree
Table 2 Comparisons
5
4
1998
3
2000
2
2002
1
Involvement in these
games make my
community a better
place to live
Brings my community
closer together
These games help
develop my own
leadership skills
Scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 28
Section 3: Providing Healthy, Challenging and Competitive Opportunities for Youth
This dimension of personal and social benefits consists of five questions (eigenvalue
= 1.81, alpha = .8039) and is interpreted as “Providing Healthy, Challenging and
Competitive Opportunities for Youth.” This dimension represents the participants
development of skills, improvement of fitness levels, and understanding of their sport in the
competitive environment. Male and female comparisons are made in the table (see below).
Respondents overwhelmingly showed positive attitudes toward providing healthy,
challenging, and competitive opportunities for youth.
relatively high for most items.
In fact, the mean scores were
It is also noted that almost no respondents strongly
disagreed with the items of this dimension. The pattern of male athletes and female athletes
findings were nearly even in the distribution scores. Only for the items of gets youth
involved with other kids in sports and challenges me in sports, were the scores a little more
dispersed, but not drastically.
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 29
Section 4: Sense of Belonging and Strengthening of Community Ties
This dimension of personal and social benefits consists of 6 questions (eigenvalue =
1.75, alpha = .8007) and is interpreted as “Sense of Belonging and Strengthening of
Community Ties.” This dimension represents the respondents’ awareness and appreciation
of the community and their place within the community." Male and female comparisons
are made in the table (see below).
Major respondents agreed with items on this dimension. The data showed that the
distribution of scores is clustered on “agree” for most items. For male athlete and female
athlete comparisons, there were significant differences exist regarding the following items:
to look up to others as good role models, helps me be a role model to other youth in my
community, and encourages communities to support those who are involved in the Games.
For these items, female athletes showed more positive attitudes than male athletes did.
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 30
Table 4: Sense of belonging and Strengthening of Community Ties
[N=799]
To look up to others
as good role models
Male
Female
Athletes
Helps me be a role
model to other youth
in my community
Male
Female
Athletes
Encourages
communities to
support those who are
involved in the Games
Male
Female
Athletes
Builds excitement in
my community
Male
Female
Athletes
To see the emphasis
placed on youth
Male
Female
Athletes
Gives me something
to do with my free
time
Male
Female
Athletes
2002
AWG
Mean
2000
AWG
Mean
1998
AWG
Mean
4.06
4.13
4.09
4.06
4.08
0.5
4.06
4.18
4.11
4.05
4.09
1.8
0.4
2.2
0.1
0.1
4.19
4.30
4.24
4.15
4.18
8.7
5.7
1.8
0.9
0.3
0.1
44.1
14.4
2.7
0.4
4.15
4.21
4.17
4.18
4.20
20.0
13.7
33.7
28.6
20.1
48.7
9.3
6.8
16.1
1.3
0.3
1.6
4.14
4.16
4.14
4.08
4.09
23.2
16.1
39.4
23.1
16.6
39.7
10.8
7.3
18.2
1.2
1.0
2.2
4.16
4.14
4.15
3.85
4.10
Strongly
Agree (%)
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
19.9
15.4
24.9
16.6
12.0
8.5
1.5
0.8
0.4
35.2
41.5
20.5
2.3
0.4
22.3
18.7
40.9
21.6
12.7
34.4
11.6
8.5
20.1
2.7
1.4
4.1
0.5
22.4
18.0
40.5
26.9
18.3
45.2
7.6
4.4
12.0
21.7
16.7
26.1
18.0
38.4
0.3
0.3
0.5
Eigen Value
Alpha
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
0.8007
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 31
Table 4 Comparisons
5
4
1998
3
2000
2002
2
1
To look up to others Helps me be a role Gives me something
as good role models model to other youth to do with my free
in my community
time
Scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree
Table 4 Comparisons
5
4
1998
3
2000
2
2002
1
Encourages
communities to
support those who
are involved in the
Games
Builds excitement in To see the emphasis
my community
placed on youth
Scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 32
Section 5: Promoting Socialization and Strengthening Cultural Awareness
This dimension of personal and social benefits consists of 7 questions (eigen value
= 1.22, alpha = .8824) and is titled “Promotion of Socialization and Strengthening Cultural
Awareness.” This dimension represents participants’ appreciation and understanding of
different cultures from actual experiences, and the joy which comes from the many and
varied interactions. Male and female comparisons are made in the table (see below).
Overall, positive outcomes were expressed regarding the items of this dimension:
promotion of socialization and strengthening cultural awareness. Respondents
overwhelmingly agreed to the item on helps me meet new people and make new friends, lets
me interact with different cultures, and gives me opportunity to find out something new
about someone else. On the other hand, the distribution in scores were relatively spread out
in the items on gives me opportunity to perform in the AWG cultural programs, and in fact,
the means score of this item was slightly low (less than 4). It was observed that while sport
and cultural events were prevalent, the athletes either could not, or elected other things to
do other than the cultural events, which is consistent with these findings. For comparisons
between male athletes and female athletes, there were significant differences between them
regarding the items on allows me to enjoy the cultural experiences and lets me interact with
different cultures. For these items, there were more female athletes who showed positive
attitude than male athletes. .
Arctic Winter Games 2002: The Benefits of Participation
World Leisure Professional Services www.worldleisure.org
Page 33
Table 5: Promotion of Socialization and Strengthening Cultural Awarness
[N=799]
2002
AWG
Mean
2000
AWG
Mean
1998
AWG
Mean
4.02
4.10
4.06
4.05
4.33
4.30
4.41
4.35
4.28
4.10
4.06
4.14
4.09
4.01
4.06
4.11
4.08
4.05
3.81
4.28
4.42
4.34
4.30
4.33
0.3
4.47
4.58
4.52
4.56
4.36
0.9
0.1
1.0
3.77
3.80
3.79
3.77
Strongly
Agree (%)
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
17.9
13.0
31.0
27.2
20.0
47.2
11.4
7.4
18.7
1.8
0.8
2.6
27.6
21.1
48.7
22.3
16.1
38.4
8.0
3.6
11.6
0.9
0.4
1.3
19.6
15.1
34.7
25.9
17.5
43.4
10.9
7.9
18.8
1.7
0.8
2.5
0.5
Helps me take pride in
my own culture
Males
Females
Athletes
22.1
15.6
37.7
22.2
15.5
37.7
11.4
9.4
20.8
2.1
0.9
3.0
0.9
Lets me interact with
different cultures
Males
Females
25.2
21.0
25.6
16.9
7.1
3.3
0.5
0.1
0.3
Athletes
Helps me meet new
people and make new
friends
Males
Females
46.2
42.5
10.4
0.6
0.3
32.2
26.8
22.6
12.3
3.1
2.2
0.5
0.1
0.1
Athletes
Gives me
opportunities to
perform in cultural
programs
Males
Females
Athletes
59.0
34.9
5.3
0.5
13.5
11.1
24.6
23.4
14.1
37.5
18.0
12.8
30.7
3.1
3.0
6.1
Helps me understand
other cultures
Males
Females
Athletes
Gives me the
opportunity to find
out something new
about someone else
Males
Females
Athletes
Allows me to enjoy
the cultural
experiences
Males
Females
Athletes
Strongly
Disagree
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.9
Eigen Value
Alpha
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
0.8824
Table 5 Comparisons
5
4
1998
3
2000
2002
2
1
Helps me understand
other cultures
Lets me interact with Helps me meet new
different cultures
people and make new
friends
Scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree
Table 5 Comparisons
5
4
1998
3
2000
2
2002
1
Allows me to enjoy
the cultural
experiences
Helps me take pride
in my own culture
Gives me
opportunities to
perform in cultural
programs
Scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
APPENDIX A:
Factor Structure of Personal and Social Benefits
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Factor 1. “Excitement, Challenges and Positive Experiences”
Table A-1. Factor 1 Loadings [N=574], Alpha=.8915
Items
Gives me opportunity to enjoy
sports
Gives me the chance for new
adventures and excitement
Gives me a chance to see other
towns/places
Provides interesting experiences
which I can tell my friends
afterwards
Factor 1
Coefficients
Factor 2
Coefficients
Factor 3
Coefficients
Factor 4
Coefficients
Factor 5
Coefficients
0.74
0.20
0.31
0.30
0.35
0.69
0.29
0.26
0.40
0.44
0.67
0.28
0.25
0.25
0.42
0.67
0.23
0.34
0.23
0.38
0.66
0.24
0.24
0.28
0.37
0.63
0.29
0.53
0.31
0.35
0.60
0.48
0.27
0.41
0.50
0.59
0.19
0.41
0.26
0.34
0.57
0.57
0.25
0.00
0.30
0.26
0.53
0.39
0.44
0.31
0.56
0.45
0.25
0.30
0.44
0.56
0.32
0.43
0.20
0.32
0.53
0.47
0.32
0.31
0.45
Brings happy memories after Games
Provides youth with a physical
challenge
Helps me respect myself for doing
these things
It gives youth the chance to compete
with others
Lets youth learn more about sports
To have fun
Brings recognition to my
Province/State/Territory
Training and competition keeps me
healthy
Brings me recognition from other
people
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Factor 2. “Enhanced Self-Esteem and Growth in Personal Outlook”
Table A-2. Factor 2 Loadings [N=574], Alpha=.8826
Items
Helps youth in school work
Makes youth want to do better in
school
Involvement in these games make
my community a better place to live
Brings our family closer together
Helps me to understand myself
better
Brings my community closer
together
Gives me an opportunity to enjoy
nature
These games help develop my own
leadership skills
Gives me a chance to get the most
out of life
Provides me with an escape from
family pressure
Factor 1
Coefficients
0.00
Factor 2
Coefficients
0.80
Factor 3
Coefficients
0.14
Factor 4
Coefficients
0.31
Factor 5
Coefficients
0.25
0.19
0.80
0.15
0.35
0.34
0.21
0.23
0.79
0.75
0.19
0.13
0.37
0.33
0.32
0.35
0.37
0.74
0.20
0.33
0.40
0.21
0.69
0.17
0.34
0.37
0.44
0.64
0.16
0.33
0.39
0.49
0.55
0.35
0.44
0.44
0.49
0.50
0.25
0.39
0.34
0.18
0.39
0.14
0.19
0.24
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Factor 3. “Providing Healthy, Challenging and Competitive Opportunities for
Youth”
Table A-3. Factor 3 Loadings [N=574], Alpha=.7775
Items
Challenges youth in sports
Keeps youth physically fit
Allows youth to be competitive
Helps me develop my skills and
abilities
Gets youth involved with other kids
in sports
Factor 1
Coefficients
0.38
0.32
0.21
Factor 2
Coefficients
0.10
0.34
0.10
Factor 3
Coefficients
0.71
0.71
0.69
Factor 4
Coefficients
0.29
0.39
0.14
Factor 5
Coefficients
0.31
0.29
0.20
0.33
0.29
0.69
0.35
0.25
0.39
0.00
0.68
0.28
0.42
Factor 4. “Sense of Belonging and Strengthening of Community Ties”
Table 4-1. Factor 4 Loadings [N=574], Alpha=.8313
Items
To be a role model for others in the
community
To look up to others as good role
models
Helps me to act as a role model to
other youth in my community
Encourages communities to support
residents who are involved
Factor 1
Coefficients
Factor 2
Coefficients
Factor 3
Coefficients
Factor 4
Coefficients
Factor 5
Coefficients
0.44
0.37
0.20
0.76
0.48
0.39
0.42
0.27
0.75
0.50
0.32
0.35
0.36
0.70
0.39
0.35
0.29
0.35
0.58
0.33
0.21
0.35
0.49
0.58
0.38
0.26
0.40
0.28
0.57
0.31
0.34
0.39
0.30
0.54
0.46
0.17
0.22
0.42
0.48
0.38
Helps youth to learn how to
overcome the anxiety of competition
Builds excitement and involvement
of the people in my community
To see the emphasis placed on
youth
Gives youth control over free time
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Factor 5. “ Promoting Socialization and Strengthening Cultural Awareness”
Table A-5. Factor 5 Loadings [N=574],Alpha=.8699
Items
Provides for better understanding of
other cultures
Gives me the opportunity to find out
something new about someone else
Allows me to enjoy the cultural
experiences
Helps me take pride in my culture
Lets me interact with different
cultures
Helps me learn something new
Helps me meet new people and
make new friends
Gives me opportunities to perform
in the AWG cultural programs
Factor 1
Coefficients
Factor 2
Coefficients
Factor 3
Coefficients
Factor 4
Coefficients
Factor 5
Coefficients
0.36
0.41
0.29
0.35
0.77
0.45
0.31
0.35
0.32
0.77
0.26
0.44
0.14
0.45
0.72
0.31
0.44
0.24
0.48
0.72
0.39
0.39
0.25
0.31
0.26
0.23
0.28
0.42
0.72
0.69
0.43
0.13
0.35
0.20
0.64
0.18
0.45
0.00
0.50
0.59
0.28
0.39
0.27
0.51
0.56
Develops pride in being "Northern"
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
APPENDIX B:
Data by Ethnicity for Northwest Territories
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Comparisons by Ethnicity for Northwest Territories
*Participants from Northwest Territories [N=535]
(Inuivialuit=99, Dene=124, Metis=54, Inuit=18, Non Aboriginal=202, Missing=38)
*Game Participants from Northwest Territories [N=217]
Table B-1. Factor 1. “Excitement, Challenges and Positive Experiences”.
(ANOVA for Means)
Gives me opportunity to enjoy sports
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Gives me the chance for new adventures and
excitement
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Gives me a chance to see other towns/places
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Provides interesting experiences which I can
tell my friends afterwards
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Brings happy memories after Games
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Provides youth with a physical challenge
Strongly
Agree(%)
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Neutral
Mean
70.1
71.3
52.9
68.8
50.5
56.9
27.8
23.8
41.2
25.0
42.9
37.0
1.0
4.1
5.9
0.0
6.1
5.7
1.0
0.0
0.0
6.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
4.67
4.64
4.47
4.56
4.42
4.50
54.1
71.1
53.8
56.3
45.2
50.5
35.7
25.6
40.4
25.0
43.2
39.3
6.1
3.3
3.8
12.5
11.1
8.9
4.1
0.0
1.9
6.3
0.5
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
4.39
4.67
4.46
4.31
4.33
4.38
60.2
70.5
51.0
62.5
49.2
54.5
30.6
22.1
45.1
25.0
42.2
38.0
5.1
5.7
3.9
12.5
8.0
7.0
4.1
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.46
4.61
4.47
4.50
4.40
4.46
52.0
58.2
45.1
56.3
42.4
50.0
40.8
34.4
37.3
18.8
49.5
41.5
6.1
5.7
15.7
25.0
6.6
7.5
1.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
4.43
4.49
4.23
4.31
4.32
4.40
60.6
64.5
51.9
60.0
49.5
55.5
36.4
32.2
38.5
40.0
41.3
37.4
3.0
3.3
9.6
0.0
8.7
6.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
4.57
4.61
4.42
4.60
4.39
4.47
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.3
0.5
0.5
4.47
4.50
4.35
4.25
4.42
4.37
56.7
36.1
5.2
Inuvialuit
59.0
32.8
8.2
Dene
45.1
45.1
9.8
Metis
56.3
25.0
12.5
Inuit
52.0
40.4
6.6
Non Aboriginal
48.4
41.8
8.9
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Sig.
0.007
0.000
0.118
0.124
0.017
0.485
(Table B-1. Continued.)
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
*For “Gives me opportunity to enjoy sports”, Dene significantly differ from Non Aboriginal.
*For “Helps me respect my self for doing these things”, Dene significantly differ from Non Aboriginal.
*For “It gives youth the chance to compete with others”, Dene significantly differ from Metis.
*For “To have fun”, Inuvialuit significantly differ from Non Aboriginal.
*For “Brings me recognition from other people”, Dene significantly differ from Metis and Non
Aboriginal.
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Table B-2. Factor 2. “Enhanced Self-Esteem and Personal Outlook”.
(ANOVA for Means)
Helps youth in school work
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Makes youth want to do better in school
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Involvement in these games make my
community a better place to live
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Brings our family closer together
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Helps me to understand myself better
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Brings my community closer together
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Gives me an opportunity to enjoy nature
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Strongly
Agree(%)
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Neutral
Mean
19.2
41.0
14.0
25.0
18.7
23.4
35.4
21.3
24.0
18.8
23.7
19.1
24.2
27.0
34.0
50.0
36.9
35.4
11.1
7.4
18.0
6.3
14.6
12.4
10.1
3.3
10.0
0.0
6.1
9.6
3.42
3.89
3.14
3.62
3.34
3.34
30.6
48.4
23.5
18.8
18.2
23.2
40.8
24.6
35.3
31.3
31.3
30.8
15.3
20.5
19.6
37.5
32.8
26.5
4.1
4.1
13.7
6.3
12.6
12.3
9.2
2.5
7.8
6.3
5.1
7.1
3.79
4.12
3.52
3.50
3.44
3.50
39.8
50.8
28.6
18.8
20.6
27.6
37.8
27.0
22.4
68.8
34.7
31.0
15.3
11.5
38.8
12.5
35.2
30.5
5.1
6.6
6.1
0.0
8.0
6.7
2.0
4.1
4.1
0.0
1.5
4.3
4.08
4.13
3.65
4.06
3.64
3.70
28.3
41.8
19.2
37.5
20.8
23.2
28.3
27.9
26.9
12.5
26.9
31.3
34.3
22.1
36.5
43.8
42.1
34.6
8.1
5.7
9.6
0.0
9.6
9.0
1.0
2.5
7.7
6.3
0.5
1.9
3.74
4.00
3.40
3.50
3.57
3.64
34.7
45.1
19.6
12.5
22.6
27.8
40.8
34.4
49.0
56.3
36.7
38.2
19.4
16.4
19.6
31.3
33.7
25.5
3.1
2.5
7.8
0.0
5.5
5.7
2.0
1.6
3.9
0.0
1.5
2.8
4.03
4.18
3.72
3.81
3.73
3.82
32.0
41.8
25.5
25.0
21.5
22.5
37.1
29.5
23.5
62.5
38.0
37.6
23.7
21.3
39.2
12.5
29.5
28.2
2.1
5.7
7.8
0.0
8.5
8.9
5.2
1.6
3.9
0.0
2.5
2.8
3.88
4.04
3.58
4.12
3.67
3.68
37.8
43.4
35.3
31.3
22.2
29.4
30.6
32.0
21.6
31.3
31.8
28.9
21.4
18.0
29.4
37.5
32.8
27.5
8.2
1.6
7.8
0.0
10.6
10.0
2.0
4.9
5.9
0.0
2.5
4.3
3.93
4.07
3.72
3.93
3.60
3.69
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Sig.
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.006
0.002
(Table B-2. Continued.)
These games help develop my own
leadership skills
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Gives me a chance to get the most out of life
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Provides me with an escape from family
pressure
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Strongly
Agree(%)
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Mean
41.2
51.2
33.3
31.3
32.3
38.5
40.2
36.4
45.1
37.5
55.1
43.2
11.3
9.9
13.7
31.3
10.1
16.9
7.2
1.7
3.9
0.0
2.0
0.9
0.0
0.8
3.9
0.0
0.5
0.5
4.43
4.47
4.17
4.31
4.11
4.18
40.8
54.1
23.1
37.5
29.3
34.3
43.9
27.9
51.9
56.3
48.0
42.7
11.2
12.3
21.2
6.3
19.2
18.8
4.1
5.7
3.8
0.0
3.5
4.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.21
4.30
3.94
4.31
4.03
4.07
24.7
33.6
13.5
31.3
18.1
19.2
38.1
31.1
42.3
37.5
26.6
31.5
27.8
14.8
23.1
18.8
32.2
25.4
1.0
13.9
9.6
12.5
17.1
12.7
8.2
6.6
11.5
0.0
6.0
11.3
3.70
3.71
3.36
3.87
3.33
3.34
Sig.
0.000
0.012
0.012
*For “Helps youth in school work”, Dene significantly differ from Metis and Non Aboriginal.
*For “Makes youth want to be better in school”, Dene significantly differ from Metis and Non
Aboriginal.
*For “Involvement in these games make my community a better place to live”, Inuvialuit significantly
differ from Non Aboriginal. Dene significantly differ from Non Aboriginal.
*For “Brings our family closer together “, Dene significantly differ from Non Aboriginal and Metis.
*For “Helps me to understand myself better”, Dene significantly differ from Non Aboriginal.
*For “Brings my community closer togheter”, Dene significantly differ from Non Aboriginal.
*For “Gives me an opportunity to enjoy nature”, Dene significantly differ from Non Aboriginal.
*For “These games help develop my own personal skills”, Inuvialuit significantly differ from Non
Aboriginal. Dene significantly differ from Non Aboriginal.
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Table B-3. Factor 3. “Providing Healthy, Challenging and Competitive Opportunities for
Youth”.
Challenges youth in sports
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Keeps youth physically fit
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Allows youth to be competitive
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Helps me develop my skills and abilities
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Gets youth involved with other kids in sports
Inuvialuit
Dene
Metis
Inuit
Non Aboriginal
Notrhwest territories (from Games)
Strongly
Agree(%)
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Mean
55.1
59.0
50.0
52.9
58.2
57.7
37.8
32.8
38.5
47.1
36.8
36.3
7.1
6.6
9.6
4.0
5.6
0.0
0.0
1.9
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.47
4.47
4.36
4.52
4.52
4.51
59.2
54.1
50.0
50.0
52.5
53.7
35.7
39.3
37.0
44.4
39.6
38.0
4.1
6.6
11.1
5.6
6.9
7.9
1.0
0.0
1.9
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.53
4.47
4.35
4.44
4.43
4.44
59.2
59.8
55.6
72.2
58.9
60.4
37.8
33.6
42.6
22.2
38.6
37.8
1.0
5.7
1.9
5.6
2.5
1.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.53
4.51
4.53
4.66
4.56
4.58
61.2
65.6
50.0
61.1
53.2
56.9
34.7
25.4
40.7
38.9
40.8
36.6
4.1
6.6
5.6
0.0
6.0
6.5
0.0
2.5
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.57
4.54
4.35
4.61
4.47
4.50
51.5
61.5
46.3
66.7
55.9
57.1
42.3
30.3
44.4
33.3
39.1
38.2
4.1
7.4
9.3
0.0
4.5
4.6
2.1
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.43
4.52
4.37
4.66
4.50
4.52
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Sig.
0.668
0.571
0.870
0.266
0.345
Table B-4. Factor 4. “Sense of Belonging and Strengthening of Community Ties”.
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
(Table B-4. Continued.)
* For “To be a role model for others in the community”, Inuvialuit significantly differ from Metis.
* For “To look up to others as good as role models”, Inuvialuit significantly differ from Metis and
Non Aboriginal.
* For “Helps me to act as a role model to other youth in my community”, Inuvialuit significantly
differ from Non Aboriginal. Dene significantly differ from Metis and Non Aboriginal.
* For “Helps youth to learn how to overcome the anxiety of competition”, Dene significantly differ
from Non Aboriginal.
* For “Gives youth control over free time”, Dene significantly differ from Metis and Non
Aboriginal.
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Table B-5. Factor 5. “Promoting Socialization and Cultural Awareness”.
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
(Table B-5. Continued.)
*For “Provides for better understanding of other cultures”, Dene significantly differ from Non
Aboriginal.
*For “Gives me the opportunity to find out something new about someone else”, Inuvialuit
significantly differ from Non Aboriginal. Dene significantly differ from Non Aboriginal.
*For “Allows me to enjoy the cultural experiences”, Inuvialuit significantly differ from Non
Aboriginal. Dene significantly differ from Non Aboriginal.
*For “Helps me take pride in my culture”, Inuvialuit significantly differ from Metis and Non
Aboriginal. Dene significantly differ from Metis and Non Aboriginal.
*For “Gives me opportunity to perform in the AWG cultural programs”, Inuvialuit significantly
differ from Non Aboriginal. Dene significantly differ from Non Aboriginal.
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
APPENDIX C:
Demographic Data and Open Ended Questions
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Demographic Data
[All AWG participants and the NWT regional and territorial trials N=799]
Gender
Male
Female
57.2%
40.7%
457
325
Ethnicity
Dene
Inuvialuit
Inuit
Metis
Non Aboriginal
5.6%
4.3%
18.5%
4.9%
60.6%
45
34
148
39
484
Who motivated you to get involved in the Games? (multiple response)
Coaches
58%
Friends
52%
Other Athletes
50%
Parents and Relatives
54%
Previous Participants
28%
Recreation Leaders
12%
Teachers
17%
460
417
401
430
222
98
136
Have you participated in previous trials or AWG?
Yes
No
44.8%
52.9%
358
423
Age (Athletes) Mean =15.7
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-
33%
57.8%
3.2%
1.9%
257
450
25
15
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
Do you have any comments about the athletic competition for the games?
(AWG 2000, Whitehorse)
 Always strong and fun for competitors.
 Helps educate athletes in forms of race and religion, language.
 It was a wonderful experience.
 It’s the best time of my life. Losing doesn’t matter to me.
 I think that AWG is perfect for youth because they chose sports over drugs.
 The other athletes in our event are very motivated, have excellent technique and have
trained for years. Their skills/abilities give us something to strive towards.
 It’s nice to see the level of competition higher. I believe this is very important.
 Good variety having people from all over.
 It’s very educational and a good learning experience.
 I think it is a wonderful opportunity for kids to meet other cultures, develop their own talents
and to take pride in their heritage.
 The competition is against no one and involves everyone. The true spirit is brought out in
everyone.
(Regional and Territorial Trials)
 It was awesome, I had loads of fun!
 FUN!!!!!
 There should be two age category. So that the juniors can take some medals home and be
proud to participate.
 The youth category should be split into different age groups.
 It makes you meet new people.
 I really enjoy competing; it helps me reach my goals in my events.
 Have more senior men’s sports like volleyball.
 More public awareness.
 It would be a great opportunity and experience to take part in the AWG.
 Allows youth to see the product of a good work ethic and commitment. Allows youth to see
the power of volunteerism in their own and other communities.
 I think the games great help the youth stay away from drugs, alcohol.
 It’s good to compete and communicate with other kids.
 Give people and opportunity to travel and experience other communities.
 More events for adults.
 A good way to meet other kids and male friends, especially billeting for the Territorials.
 It’s a great experience for NWT athletes to meet new friends and set and achieve realistic
goals.
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
How do you think the Games help to preserve unique northern sports and traditions?
(AWG 2000, Whitehorse)
 It’s the only thing keeping them alive.
 Allows us to see what other cultures are like.
 It’s a great way of keeping the spirit and identifying all sports, big and small.
 Involvement helps to make the sports grow.
 It brings them to public notice so that they can attract new participants rather than fading a
way.
 By having old traditions live on, let others see them.
 Opens everyone’s eyes.
 They somehow keep people active but not let them loose their culture.
 By meeting other people from different cultures and learning new things.
 If it wasn’t for the AWG there would be no one doing Arctic Sports in our community.
 It lets you learn more and you can meet more people.
 Memories will remain and may even improve traditional way.
 It provides exposure to general public and other athletes.
 Other people can meet different people, know different traditions.
 They keep the alive by getting youth to do it and watch it.
 It brings or cultures together to celebrate.
 I think it helps by getting other people to compete against one another and see their
abilities.
 If they didn’t have them here, why would they keep on performing.
 It gives us an opportunity to learn about the native games and traditions.
 It allows the native cultures to stay alive otherwise they would die off.
 Traditions have to be shared and passed on or they are lost.
 By reminding the athletes and spectators the grass routs of the competitions and
explaining the importance of the games to our survival as a people.
(Regional and Territorial Trials)
 They help tremendously, especially towards social problems.
 Allows children to participate and learn.
 People from the surrounding communities gather in one town and battle it out.
 You meet new people, learn different things and have fun!
 AWG keeps games and traditions alive, proving they won’t be forgotten.
 Bringing the communities together, Involvement.
 We practice the games and learn the tradition through the games.
 I think the games help by keeping them alive and carrying on the traditions.
 Pass on the sports to the kids so the sports can go on forever.
 It keeps northern traditions going as the younger generations get involved.
 The sports are enhanced through showcasing them.
 By bringing people of different cultures in the north together for a unique event.
 It encourages pride from northern residents about their background.
 It keeps members of smaller communities interested in practicing interesting aboriginal
games and take pride in them.
 It’s the only opportunity for people to see Northern Games.
 They give people a chance to see Northern sports when maybe they otherwise wouldn’t.
 By bringing community together and getting involved with their children.
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
In what way do you think the Games help to promote fair play and sportsmanship?
(AWG 2000, Whitehorse)
 Allows teams to take pride in playing fair.
 Showing that acting receptively and fair is highly appreciated.
 It gives you a motivator to play fairly and have good sportsmanship
 By bring people from all over together and allowing the to learn about the other in a great
environment. .
 They allow you to control your temper and play the game.
 Seeing others from around the arctic may encourage some people to act or play better and
fair.
 I believe that the camaraderie and friendships that are made from competition promote
these ethics.
 I think that the games help promote fair play when others see the fair players showing good
sportsmanship.
(Regional and Territorial Trials)
 Let people know the code of ethics
 We could all cooperate together
 There is all different culture involved so its brings everyone together
 All staying together and getting to know each other from other communities.
 It helps to show support for other athletes.
 By showing youth what fair play and sportsmanship is all about.
 The games help to promote fair sportsmanship by competition and participation of others.
 Games teach respect for others.
 I think the games help to teach the players how to play by the rules.
 I think the games help to promote fair play and sportsmanship by getting everybody
together, and to just have a lot of fun.
 By bringing youth different cultures together. There is also such a wide variety of sports
and activities going on that everyone is able to have fun.
 You get people tougher and people make friends and they are more considered of each
other.
 Socialize before and after the tournament allows to relate with one another.
 Though both positive and negative experiences, youth broaden their view of live and the
world they live in.
 Teaches you to respect others rights.
 They give you a chance to prove your sportsmanship.
 Makes athletes aware of what fair play and sportsmanship is.
 They help to youth learn to play fair.
 Having a lot of fun, though you win or lose.
 It helps to be better role models.
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.
If you were to describe your experience with the trials or the Arctic Winter Games, what would
you say?
(AWG 2000, Whitehorse)
 Hard work and determination.
 It was a chance to meet new friends, be competitive, and yet still have fun.
 It was a lot of fun. Almost every fun is very nice. We all get along very well.
 It’s awesome. You’ve taken really good care of us. It’s amazing how much time and effort
have gone into the games.
 Great experience.
 A great opportunity to learn other traditions and life styles.
 Blast meeting people, exploring and learner new things.
 These games are highlight of a coaching career, no other event has the spirit of “athletic
cooperation and community”.
 Enjoyable without pressure.
 Always gets better.
 Fun, Memorable, New friends.
 Incredible experience where I was able to further develop my coaching technique as well
as appreciate other’s natural abilities.
 Very exciting and a lot of fun, but tiring too.
 Excellent opportunity to expose youth to new experiences socially and competitively.
 It was such a great experience (once-on-a-lifetime). Everything was really organized, which
made it run really smoothly. I want to thank everyone for their help for the Games.
 It has been a great experience for me to be in Whitehorse.
 Get to know others, have a lot of fun, learn new things, and go to new places!
 I really want everyone to be involved one way or another because of the beauty of the
games.
 The games were great. I know my limits compared to the “best of the best”.
(Territorial and Regional Trials)
 It was great and it was probably the best experience of my life.
 I made lots of friends from all over which I am still in contact with.
 To be involved in the AWG gives you and opportunity to meet people, see new places and
motivates your physical needs.
 A chance to travel, see other communities, meet people.
 Fun, Fun, Fun!!!
Arctic Winter Games: A Study of the Benefits of Participation, Whitehorse 2000.