Instructor: Prof. Michael P. Harris
ITSC 1405 – Intro to PC Operating Systems
Chapter 12
Connectivity
Chapter 12
Connectivity
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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Explain the following terms: client, server, resources, LAN network, and WAN.
Compare and contrast server-based networks and peer-to-peer networks.
List and explain two reasons for setting up a network.
Compare and contrast setting up a peer-to-peer network using bus topology and using star topology,
and using a hub or router.
5. Explain the purposes of sharing a printer, a folder on a hard drive, and an entire hard drive.
6. Explain the purpose of file and folder permissions on an NTFS drive.
7. Explain the purpose and function of the net commands.
8. Explain the purpose and function of a mapped drive.
9. Explain the purpose and function of the Internet and compare it with the World Wide Web.
10. Explain the roles that TCP/IP plays in computer communication.
11. Explain the function and purpose of the Domain Name System.
12. Explain how the TCP/IP utilities can be used to troubleshoot problems.
STUDENT OUTCOMES
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Use a network connection.
Identify a computer and its workgroup on a network.
Share a printer, a folder on a hard drive, and an entire hard drive.
Use file and folder permissions, if possible.
Use the net commands to gather information about your computer.
Map a drive on a network from the command line and GUI.
Use two TCP/IP Utilities.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
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When you connect computers together, you create what is known as a LAN (local area network).
A server is a computer that provides shared resources. A client is a computer that accesses the
shared resources provided by a server. Resources are the parts of the computer you share.
The standard model for networks with more than 10 users is a server-based network. It is one in
which network functions are provided by a computer that is a dedicated server.
For networks with fewer than 10 users, the model is a peer-to-peer network, in which all
computers are equal. Each computer can function as either a client or server.
Carolyn Z. Gillay, Bette A. Peat, Windows XP Command Line
Franklin, Beedle & Associates ©2003 ISBN: 1-887902-82-1
Page 1
Instructor: Prof. Michael P. Harris
ITSC 1405 – Intro to PC Operating Systems
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Chapter 12
Connectivity
A WAN (wide area network) consists of computers that use long-range telecommunication links
to connect the networked computers over long distances.
A network interface card (NIC) is required to set up a network.
The NIC must match your bus architecture slot as well as the type of cable used to connect your
network.
You must have the proper networking software for your network to work.
A simple network has three parts: the hardware, the software, and the network administrator.
All computers on a network must use the same protocol. A protocol is a set of rules that allows
computers to connect with one another and exchange information.
In a peer-to-peer network, you must name your computer as well as your workgroup. The
workgroup name must be identical on all computers in the workgroup.
There are two parts to sharing resources: the client and the server. The server has the resource.
The client is the computer that wishes to access the resource.
When you share devices, any computer on the network can use that device.
A firewall is a set of programs, located at a network gateway server that protects the resources of
a private network from users from other networks.
A gateway is a network point that acts as an entrance to another network.
Common shared devices include printers, drives, and folders.
The computer that has the resource must first share it so that others on the network can access it.
You must name your shared resource. Others on the network will access it by its shared name.
My Network Places is a tool to browse the network.
A port is a connection. The parallel port on your computer is called LPT1. Normally, if you
physically connect a printer, it shows up on the port called LPT1.
Access control is the process of authorizing users, groups, and computers the ability to access
objects files, folders, and devices) on the network.
If you are using the NTFS file system, you can set permissions and rights on individual files and
folders. However, you must first clear the Simple file sharing check box to access these features.
Permissions determine which users can access which objects (files and folders and devices) and
what kinds of access that user will have to those objects.
An administrative share allows administrators to connect the root directory of a drive over the
network. It used syntax of drive letter$, such as D$ or E.
There is a series of commands that begin with net that deal with network management at the
command line.
Each of these commands use the syntax of net command in which you specify one of the specific
net commands substitute the actual command for command.
The NET VIEW command displays a list of resources being shared on a computer.
Once a drive has been shared, you may assign a drive letter to it. This act is called mapping a
drive.
The NET USE command is the command line utility that allows you to map drives.
A drive alias assigned with the NET USE command may or may not be “persistent’. Meaning that
the connections created may or may not remain in effect after shutting down the computer.
You may use the Administrative share to access a drive that is not explicitly shared.
Carolyn Z. Gillay, Bette A. Peat, Windows XP Command Line
Franklin, Beedle & Associates ©2003 ISBN: 1-887902-82-1
Page 2
Instructor: Prof. Michael P. Harris
ITSC 1405 – Intro to PC Operating Systems
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Chapter 12
Connectivity
You may map a drive using Windows Explorer or My Computer.
The Internet is a network of networks. You can use the Internet to use email and access chat lines
and forums. You may connect to the World Wide Web.
The Web is an interconnected collection of Web sites that holds pages of text and graphics in a
form recognized by the Web. These pages are linked to one another and to individual files. The
Web is a collection of standards and protocols used to access information on the Internet. Using
the Web requires a browser.
The Web uses three standards: URL (uniform resource locator), HTML (hypertext markup
language), and a method of access such as HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol).
URLs are a standard format for identifying locations on the Internet.
A Web site is both the physical and virtual location of a person’s or organization’s Web page(s).
A Web page is a single screen of text and graphics that usually has hypertext links to other pages.
In order to access the Internet, you usually need a modem, communication software, and an
online provider.
Online providers include services such as AOL (America Online) or MSN (Microsoft Network).
You may also use an IAP (Internet access provider) or an ISP (Internet service provider).
You can connect to the Internet using a phone line, a special phone line (ISDN), DSL, through
your cable company, or via satellite.
TCP/IP is the protocol of the Internet.
Protocols are “bound” to specific Network Interface Cards.
Each network has a router, which is a device that connects networks. A router can make
intelligent decisions on which network to use to send data.
TCP divides data into packets and numbers each packet.
IP specifies that addresses of the sending and receiving computers and sends the packets on their
way.
Each computer on the Internet uses TCP/IP and must have a unique IP address.
An IP address is made up of four numbers separated by periods. This format is called dotteddecimal notation. Each section is called an octet.
IP address space is divided into three major address classes: A, B, and C.
Each site attached to the Internet belongs to a domain. A user or organization applies for a
domain name so that each domain name is unique.
Fully qualified domain names are an alphabetic alias to the IP address.
The DNS (domain name system) resolves the domain name into the IP address.
When you connect to the Internet, you use the URL of the site to which you wish to connect. If
you know the IP address, you may use that as well.
Carolyn Z. Gillay, Bette A. Peat, Windows XP Command Line
Franklin, Beedle & Associates ©2003 ISBN: 1-887902-82-1
Page 3
Instructor: Prof. Michael P. Harris
ITSC 1405 – Intro to PC Operating Systems
53.
Included with TCP/IP is a set of command line utilities that can help you troubleshoot problems
as well as offer you connections to computers not connected to the Web, such as Unix system
computers. These tools are as follows:
Command
Arp
FTP
IPCONFIG
Netstat
Ping
Route
Telnet
Tracert
54.
Chapter 12
Connectivity
Purpose
Displays and modifies the IP to Ethernet translation tables.
Transfers files to and from a node running FTP services.
Command line utility that displays the IP address and other configuration information
Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections.
Verifies connections to a remote host or hosts.
Manually controls network-routing tables.
Starts terminal emulation with a remote system running a Telnet service.
Determines the route taken to a destination.
If you want help on any of these commands, at the command line you key in the command, a
space, and then /?
KEY TERMS
Access control
browser
bus topology
client
coaxial cable
cyberspace
dedicated server
domain name
Domain Name System (DNS)
file server
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
home page
HTML (Hypertext Markup
Language)
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer
Protocol)
IAP (Internet access
provider)
information superhighway
IP address
ISP (Internet service provider)
LAN (local area network)
locally
mapped drive
network administrator
NIC (network interface card)
NOS (network operating
system)
octet
packet
peer-to-peer network
permissions
portal
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)
print server
protocol
resources
router
Carolyn Z. Gillay, Bette A. Peat, Windows XP Command Line
Franklin, Beedle & Associates ©2003 ISBN: 1-887902-82-1
Server
server-based network
service
single point of failure
SLIP (Serial-Line Internet Protocol)
star topology
T-connector
terminator plug
Thinnet
topology
Twisted-pair cable
UNC (universal naming convention)
URL (uniform resource locator)
WAN (wide area network)
Web page
Web site
workgroup
WWW (World Wide Web)
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