Redpaper
Alex Osuna
Luiz Paulo Moreira
Santhosh Rao
IBM System Storage N series and
Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
Introduction
Virtual infrastructure solutions, such as Microsoft Hyper-V, empower IT
organizations to rapidly deploy virtual machines in all phases: development, test,
and production. The tasks involved to deploy virtual machines usually generate
many physical copies of virtual machine images, which demands more storage
resources to maintain the many virtual machine instances and management
resources to execute the many manual steps required to deploy these virtual
machines individually.
This IBM® Redpaper™ document describes how integration of Microsoft virtual
environments with N series storage technology can resolve these challenges by
helping organizations reduce the efforts spent deploying individual virtual
machines and reduce the amount of storage required to support the deployment
of individual virtual machines, thereby reducing the costs associated with space,
power, and cooling. Use of N series Snapshot and FlexClone technology, along
with N series deduplication, can support the rapid deployment of tens, hundreds,
and even thousands of virtual machines in minutes while minimizing the total
storage supporting such a deployment by 50% or more when compared to a
baseline of traditional storage.
© Copyright IBM Corp. 2011. All rights reserved.
ibm.com/redbooks
1
Provisioning concepts
This section describes the concepts of N series with Microsoft Hyper V pertinent
to provisioning, and how your environment can benefit from these features,
saving space and improving the time line for new Virtual Servers deployment.
Requirements for Hyper-V
Hyper-V requires specific hardware. You can identify systems that support the
x64 architecture and Hyper-V by searching the Windows Server catalog for
Hyper-V as an additional qualification. The Windows Server catalog is available
at the Microsoft website (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=111228).
To install and use the Hyper-V role, you need the following:
򐂰 An x64-based processor. Hyper-V is available in x64-based versions of
Windows Server 2008, specifically, the x64-based versions of Windows
Server 2008 Standard, Windows Server 2008 Enterprise, and Windows
Server 2008 Datacenter.
򐂰 Hardware-assisted virtualization. This is available in processors that include a
virtualization option, specifically, Intel Virtualization Technology (Intel VT) or
AMD Virtualization (AMD-V).
򐂰 Hardware-enforced Data Execution Prevention (DEP). DEP must be available
and enabled. Specifically, you must enable the Intel XD bit (execute disable
bit) or AMD NX bit (no execute bit).
N series Snapshot and Flexclone
The traditional VM provisioning process involves tedious and time-consuming
tasks such as provisioning storage, installing the OS environment, patching it up
with required service packs and applications, and rolling it out to the end users.
N series storage, with its Snapshot and FlexClone technologies, facilitates an
instantaneous, zero-space-consuming, writable copy of the flexible volumes.
These FlexClone volumes can be provisioned within a matter of minutes. They
contain LUNs with virtual hard drives (VHDs) which can be connected to and
used as individual OS instances for virtual machines.
N series deduplication for space savings
Creating multiple copies of the golden virtual machine images specific to user
requirements can result in higher space utilization. Deduplication technology
operates at the block level, eliminating data blocks with identical content, and
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IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
maintaining a single copy of the data set, thereby achieving a higher level of
space savings. Deduplication can be implemented in a production environment
with minimal effect on actual storage performance and in some environments
can even increase actual storage performance.
Virtual machine provisioning process
This section guides you through the process of provisioning Hyper-V virtual
machines with N series cloning techniques.
Figure 1 illustrates the process flow for provisioning a VM.
Figure 1 Process flow for provisioning Hyper-V VMs using N series cloning
Preparing the golden virtual machine
In cases where the infrastructure requires multiple copies of the OS instance,
installation is a repetitive and time-consuming task. Server virtualization offers an
efficient method to reduce this task and allows attaching an existing image as an
OS disk. Using this capability, you can perform a one-time installation of the child
OS and designate it as a “golden image.” The golden image can be updated at
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
3
any time with required service packs and applications as needed, and then the
administrators can propagate the changes to all the appropriate desktops and
servers in a matter of minutes.
The following sections describe how to prepare your N series storage for a new
golden image with Microsoft Hyper-V.
Provisioning storage for Hyper-V server
Follow the steps in this section to provision storage for the Hyper-V server.
1. Create the aggregate.
You can use a pre-existing aggregate or you can create a new one. If you
decide to create a new aggregate, review the following criteria before
establishing the design of your new aggregate:
– Double Parity: This option will benefit your new aggregate and protect it
against double disk failure. This options is the preferred RAID level for an
aggregate.
– RAID Group Size: It is recommended to keep the default configuration,
which is 16 disks per raid group in most cases.
– Disk Selection: Automatic options is selected by default; however, you
can always select the disks you prefer to use by specifying the disk list
when creating your aggregate.
– Disk Size: Any size is the default option set when creating new
aggregates; however, it is recommended that disks of the same size be
used when creating or expanding an aggregate.
– Number of disks: For aggregates using RAID-DP, a minimum of three
disks are required; however, it is recommended that you use as many disk
as available when provisioning a new aggregate. The largest aggregates
will benefit from the increased I/O capacity of all the spindles.
Example 1 shows how to create a new aggregate.
Example 1 Creating a new aggregate with RAID-DP
itsotuc4> aggr create aggr1 -f -r 16 -t raid_dp -d 0c.48 0a.49 0a.50
0a.51 0a.52 0a.53
Creation of an aggregate with 6 disks has completed.
itsotuc4> Thu Mar 31 13:45:19 MST [wafl.vol.add:notice]: Aggregate
aggr1 has been added to the system.
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IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
In Example 1, a new aggr1 aggregate was created with the following options
specified:
– RAID group type: RAID DP
– RAID group size: 16 disks
– Number of disks: 6
2. Create the golden volume.
In this step, a new flexible volume is created at the aggregate created in the
previous step. This flexible volume will be accessed later by Hyper-V over
FCP or iSCSI. Flexible volume size can be resized according to your
applications’ requirements.
Review the following criteria before you create your new flexible volume:
– Language: Keep the default language unless you plan to install an
application at the Virtual Disks that requires a specific language.
– Space Guarantee: Either space guarantee option File or None can be
chosen when creating a new flexible volume.
– Snap Reserve: In most cases, set the snapshot reserve for 0% and
disable the default snapshot schedule when creating flexible volumes to
share LUNs to other systems.
Example 2 shows how to create a new 100 GB flexvol volume at the
aggregate created previously using english language, file space guarantee,
and space reservation set for 0%.
Example 2 Creating a new flexible volume
itsotuc4> vol create flex_vol -l en -s file aggr1 100g
Creation of volume 'flex_vol' with size 100g on containing aggregate
'aggr1' has completed.
itsotuc4> snap reserve flex_vol 0
itsotuc4> snap sched flex_vol 0 0 0@0
Notice that in Example 2 the snapshot reserve was set to 0% and the
snapshot schedule disabled. This volume will be used later for storing the
LUN where the golden VM will be created.
Connecting storage to the Hyper-V server
Follow these steps to connect the storage.
1. Connect to the N series storage using SnapDrive for Windows.
N series SnapDrive for Windows can be used on the Windows 2008 R2
Server to manage the N series storage system. Information about installing
and configuring SnapDrive for Windows can be found in SnapDrive for
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
5
Windows Installation and Administration Guide at
https://www-304.ibm.com/support/entdocview.wss?uid=ssg1S7003056
2. Create a LUN using N series SnapDrive in the golden volume.
After SnapDrive for Windows is installed and configured, create a new LUN
within the flexible volume created in the previous step. Use the following
steps to create a LUN:
a. At the Server Manager, select Storage  SnapDrive, select your server
name and right-click Disks.
b. Select Create Disk. When the Create Disk Wizard starts, click Next.
c. Enter the name or IP address of the storage system where the flexvol
volume was created previously and click Add.
d. Select the flexvol volume created previously and enter your new LUN
name in the LUN Name field (Figure 2). Click Next.
Figure 2 Creating a new LUN at N series storage
e. Select the LUN Type. Be sure to select the correct LUN type for your
environment:
•
•
Dedicated is appropriate for individual servers.
Shared is appropriate for clustered server nodes.
Click Next to continue.
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IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
f. Assign a letter to your new LUN and select the desired size. Remember
that your LUN cannot exceed the flexvol volume size created previously.
Click Next to continue.
g. Select the initiators that will be used to map the LUN. You can chose to
use a Fiber Channel Initiator or an iSCSI initiator, or both.
Figure 3 Selecting Initiators to be used by the new LUN
h. Specify automatic or manual selection of an Initiator Group (igroup). If an
initiator group already exists on the N series storage being used, you can
just select the manual option and select the existing igroup at the next
panel (Figure 4 on page 8).
Otherwise, chose automatic options to create a new igroup.
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
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Figure 4 Selecting an existing igroup
i. A summary of your selections is displayed on the next panel (Figure 5).
Click Finish to complete the wizard.
Your new disk will be available at SnapDrive and Windows Explorer.
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IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
Figure 5 Summary of new disk changes
For additional information about SnapDrive for Windows and managing LUNs
through Snapdrive for Windows, access the SnapDrive Administration Guide at:
https://www-304.ibm.com/support/entdocview.wss?uid=ssg1S7003056
Building the golden virtual machine
The golden virtual machine is the virtual image you will always replicate from
when creating new virtual machines. It provides a basic image, which lets you
avoid having to install and set up an OS on each new virtual machine. This
section presents the detailed steps for building the golden virtual machine.
1. Create a VM using Hyper-V Manager or SCVMM.
Follow these steps to create a virtual server using Hyper-V:
a. At the Server Manager, select Roles  Hyper-V  Hyper-V manager
and select the server that will host the new virtual machine.
b. Right-click the Hyper-V server name and select New Virtual Machine.
The Virtual Machine Wizard will start.
c. Click Next to create a customized VM. (If you click Finish instead,
Hyper-V will create a default VM without the settings you require.)
d. As shown in Figure 6, specify the new VM Name and the location where it
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
9
will be stored. Enable the check box “Store the virtual machine in a
different location” and create a new folder in which to store the VM at the
new disk created in the previous procedure. Click Next to continue.
e. Specify the amount of memory to allocate to your new virtual machine.
Verify in the appropriate OS installation guide the recommended size of
memory before setting this option. Enter the desired value and click Next.
f. Specify the network connection to use at your VM’s network adapter and
click Next.
Figure 6 Specifying name and location of new VM
g. Specify the storage configuration for you new virtual machine. Select the
option “Create a virtual hard disk” and specify the name and location of the
new virtual hard disk. The new hard disk must be stored in the same LUN
created and assigned to the physical Hyper-V server previously. Click
Next to continue.
h. On the Installation Options panel, select “Install an operating system later”
and click Next.
i. A summary panel will be displayed. Review your entries, then click Finish
to complete creation of the new VM.
Your new virtual machine is now created and turned off.
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IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
2. Install the child operating system.
To install a new operating system at your new VM you must mount the DVD
drive to a physical drive from your physical Hyper-V server or to an .ISO
image. Use the following steps to mount the drive:
a. At the Hyper-V Manager, verify that your new VM is turned off.
b. Right-click the new VM and select Settings.
c. On the right side of the Settings panel, select the DVD Drive option IDE
Controller 1, as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7 Golden VM settings
d. Make the appropriate selection in the Media section. Select Image File to
use an .ISO image file to install your operating system or select Physical
CD/DVD drive to use the physical Hyper-V server’s DVD drive. If you
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
11
select the Physical CD/DVD option, ensure that the OS installation disk is
inserted prior to starting your new VM.
e. After the DVD drive is mounted and the required media or ISO image is
available for the OS installation, right-click your new VM at Hyper-V
Manager and click Start.
Based on your specifications, your new VM will boot from the .ISO image or
from a pyshical DVD drive and the OS installation will start. Follow the
instructions in the installation guide for your operating system to complete the
installation.
3. Installation of the Hyper-V Integration Services, also known as integration
components (ICs) is an optional but recommended process.
The ICs are installed for time synchronization, heartbeat, shutdown,
key/value pair exchange, and Volume Shadow-Copy Service purposes. To
install the Integration Services, connect to your new VM and perform the
following steps:
a. Select the Action menu.
b. Select Insert Integration Services Setup Disk to add the Integration
Services to your new VM.
c. If installation does not start automatically, navigate to the installation CD
and install from there.
d. Reboot your VM to have the changes taking effect.
After installing Integration Services and rebooting your VM, you will be able to
control the new VM using a mouse.
4. Install all applications and necessary OS and application updates.
The virtual machine image is a golden copy that will be used to provision
identical VMs. To avoid repetitive application installations, it is a good idea to
install all OS-related patches, such as service packs, and all required
applications, including antivirus applications, office automation software, and
so on.
5. Configure the child OS and shut down the VM.
VMs provisioned from a golden image must be configured using the Microsoft
System Preparation (SysPrep) Tool before pushing them into production.
This configuration process generates a secure ID (SID) for the operating
system instance so that it remains unique. Refer to Microsoft KB 302577 for
the detailed instructions.
6. Enable N series deduplication on the volume.
Multiple LUNs can be created in a single FlexVol volume and copies of VHDs
can be stored on these LUNs, which would be attached to the Hyper-V server
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IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
as physical disks. Each Hyper-V virtual machine might have the same or a
different set of applications installed within the operating system environment
(OSE) as needed. Space savings can be achieved with the N series
deduplication capabilities.
To enable deduplication, follow these steps:
a. At the N series console, enable deduplication by issuing this command:
sis on /vol/volume_name
b. Start deduplication by running this command:
sis start -s /vol/volume_name
Example 3 shows how to enable and start deduplication on a flexvol volume.
Example 3 Enabling deduplication on a flexvol volume
itsotuc4> sis on /vol/flexvol_vm
SIS for "/vol/flexvol_vm" is enabled.
Already existing data could be processed by running "sis start -s
/vol/flexvol_vm".
itsotuc4> sis start -s /vol/flexvol_vm
The file system will be scanned to process existing data in
/vol/flexvol_vm.
This operation may initialize related existing metafiles.
Are you sure you want to proceed (y/n)? y
The SIS operation for "/vol/flexvol_vm" is started.
itsotuc4>
Before enabling deduplication on the flexible volume, make sure that best
practices have been followed to disable space reservation on all LUNs within
the flexible volume by unselecting Space Reserved in the LUN properties. To
disable space reservation, follow these steps:
a. Connect to the Filer Viewer GUI by opening a web browser and navigating
to http:\\Nseries_name\na_admin (use https if SSL is enabled at your N
series). See Figure 8 on page 14.
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
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Figure 8 Filer Viewer GUI
b. Select Filer Viewer options. A new panel will appear.
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IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
c. Select LUN  Manage as shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9 Managing LUNs
d. Select the desired LUN to open the LUN properties.
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
15
e. In the LUN properties window, unselect the check box “Space Reserved.”
See Figure 10.
Figure 10 Disabling Space Reserved at LUN
Cloning the golden VM
This section guides you through the process of creating a snapshot from your
golden VM and generating a flexclone, which will be used when provisioning new
VMs.
1. Clone the golden VM using N series Snapshot technology.
N series FlexVol volumes can be cloned with zero space consumed by
creating N series Snapshot copies. An individual connection can be
established to the LUNs existing on these clones to attach them as separate
physical disks to the Hyper-V server. There are several ways to create a
Snapshot copy.
To create the Snapshot copy from an N series console, use the following
steps:
a. Connect to the N series console.
b. Run the following command:
snap create volume_name snapshot_name
See Figure 4 on page 17 for more details.
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IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
Example 4 - Creating a snapshot copy from the N series console
itsotuc4> snap create flexvol_vm FlexVol_VM1
itsotuc4> snap list flexvol_vm
Volume flexvol_vm
working....
%/used
---------0% ( 0%)
itsotuc4>
%/total
---------0% ( 0%)
date
-----------Apr 05 11:37
name
-------FlexVol_VM1
To create a snapshot copy from SnapDrive for Windows, follow these steps:
a. At the Server Manager, open SnapDrive for Windows and expand the
disks.
b. Select the desired disk and click Create Snapshot on the right side menu.
c. Type the new snapshot name and click OK to complete. See Figure 11.
Figure 11 Creating a SnapShot from SnapDrive for Windows
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
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2. Connect the disks in the N series Snapshot copy using N series SnapDrive.
After the snapshot copy has been successfully created we can use
SnapDrive to connect to the individual LUNs within the Snapshot copy as
individual disks. We will create FlexClone volumes of this Snapshot copy.
To connect the Snapshot copy as an individual disk, follow these steps:
a. At Snapdrive for Windows, select Connect Disk on the right side menu.
b. The Connect Disk window is displayed. Enter the N Series Storage name;
select the target source LUN where snapshots were generated and
expand it.
c. Select the desired snapshot and expand it. You will see a snapshot copy of
your Golden VM LUN. Select the snapshot copy and click Next. See
Figure 12.
Figure 12 Connecting a snapshot copy as a individual disk
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IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
d. Select the LUN Type. Select Dedicated options to configure your new
disk as a dedicated one. Click Next to continue.
e. Assign a new letter for your new disk and click Next to continue.
f. Select the initiator to be used by your new disk. See Figure 13.
Figure 13 - Selecting Initiator for new LUN
g. At the Initiator Group Management panel specify either Automatic or
Manual selection of the igroup. Select Manual and click Next to continue.
h. Select the existing igroup for your N series storage and click Next. See
Figure 14.
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
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Figure 14 - Manual selection of group initiator
i. A summary of the new disk settings is displayed. Review the
specifications and click Finish to complete the procedure.
Provisioning the VMs
This section describes the steps to create a new virtual machine using the new
disk generated from the Golden VM snapshot.
1. Create a new virtual machine. Use the following steps to create a new virtual
server using Hyper-V:
a. At the Server Manager, select Roles  Hyper-V  Hyper-V manager
and select the server that will host the new virtual machine.
b. Right-click the Hyper-V server name and select New Virtual Machine.
The Virtual Machine Wizard will start.
c. Click Next to create a customized VM. (If you click Finish instead,
Hyper-V will create a default VM without the settings you require.)
d. Specify the new VM’s Name and the location where it will be stored. See
Figure 15. Enable the check box “Store the virtual machine in a different
location” and create a new folder to store the VM on the new disk created
previously. Click Next to continue.
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IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
Figure 15 Creating a new virtual machine with Hyper-V
e. Specify the amount of memory to allocate to your new virtual machine.
Consult the OS installation guide to determine the recommended size of
memory before setting this option. Enter the desired value and click Next.
f. Specify the network connection you want to use at your VM’s network
adapter and click Next.
g. Specify the storage configuration for you new virtual machine. Select
option “Attach a virtual hard disk later” and click Next to continue.
h. At the Installation Options panel, select option “Install an operating system
later” and click Next.
i. A summary panel will appear. Verify your settings and click Finish to
complete creation of the new VM.
At this point, you have just create your new VM. An operating system was not
assigned yet. The next step is to attach your new VM to the new disk
originated from the Golden VM’s snapshot.
2. Attach the golden VHD images that exist on the FlexClone volume.
Before attaching your flexclone volume to your new virtual machine,
remember that the virtual disk and folders structure of your new VHD contains
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
21
all the labels from your Golden VM. You might want to rename the folders and
VHD to reflect the name of your new virtual machine.
Follow these steps to attach your flexclone volume to your new virtual
machine:
a. At the Hyper-V management console, select your new virtual machine and
select Settings from the right side menu.
b. On the Settings window, select IDE Controller 0 to configure your
flexclone disk as the local hard drive.
c. At the IDE Controller properties panel, select the Hard Drive option and
click Add. See Figure 16.
d. The current window is updated with new fields to be filled with new VHD
information.
Figure 16 - Virtual Machine IDE Controller 0 properties
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IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
e. In the Media options section, enable “Virtual hard disk (.vhd) file”.
f. Click Browse and specify the required path for your flexclone volume and
the .vhd file. See Figure 17.
g. Click Apply to complete the procedure.
Figure 17 - IDE Controller 0 - Attaching virtual disk.
Your new virtual machine has just been created as an image from your
Golden VM. At this point, you must connect to Hyper-V and start your new
VM. See Figure 18.
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
23
Figure 18 - Starting the new Virtual Server
Your new server is now ready for all required customization.
The team who wrote this paper
This paper was produced by a team of specialists from around the world working
at the International Technical Support Organization, Tucson Center.
Alex Osuna is a Project Leader at the International Technical Support
Organization, Tucson Center. He writes extensively on all areas of storage.
Before joining the ITSO 6 years ago, Alex worked in the Tivoli® Western Region
as a Principal Systems Engineer. Alex has over 33 years in the IT industry with
IBM and the US government and has certifications from IBM, USAF, Microsoft,
and Redhat.
Luiz Paulo Moreira is an N series System Administrator in Brazil. Luiz has 10
years of experience in IT and 4 years of experience with N series storage
systems. Luiz holds the degree of Telecomunication Engineer from UNITAU
(University of Taubaté - Taubaté/Brazil). His areas of experience include
Windows server management, malware defense, backup and recovery, and SAN
Management.
Santhosh Rao is a Technical Director at NetApp specializing in technology
leadership, M&A, strategic planning, product conception, architecture, execution
and delivery. His work with customers and partners includes evangelizing
products and designing joint road maps. His assignments have a
cross-functional focus spanning R&D, product management, and pre-sales and
sales support.
24
IBM System Storage N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning
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indicating US registered or common law trademarks owned by IBM at the time this information was
published. Such trademarks may also be registered or common law trademarks in other countries. A current
list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at http://www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml
The following terms are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States,
other countries, or both:
IBM®
Redbooks®
Redpaper™
Redbooks (logo)
Tivoli®
®
The following terms are trademarks of other companies:
Snapshot, RAID-DP, SnapDrive, FlexVol, FlexClone, NetApp, and the NetApp logo are trademarks or
registered trademarks of NetApp, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries.
Microsoft, Windows, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States,
other countries, or both.
Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside logo, and Intel Centrino logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel
Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.
Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.
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IBM System Storage N series N series and Microsoft Hyper-V Provisioning