United
E ngn ee ring
Field Notes
States
partmenriculture
Forest
Service
EZ/October
Engineering
Staff
Washington
w..
D.C.
Engineering Technical
Information
System
Another Patent Awarded to
Forest Service
Vertical
Engineers
Spar Guying
Examination of Forces
A
Brief
1981
United
States
Department
of
Agriculture
September/
Field Notes
Forest
Sg
Service
Washington
Volume 13
Number 7
Engineering
Engineering Technical
D.C.
System
Information
uýs
ate.
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
DATA
MANAGEMENT
RETRIEVAL
Information
developed
contained
Department
States
in
for guidance
and
contractors
FIELD NOTES
employees
of
the
United
of Agriculture-Forest Service
cooperating
its
The Department
and
Federal
REPORTS
been
has
publication
this
of
TECHNICAL
its
State
infor-mation
agencies.
responsibility for the
The
no
of this
own employees.
its
names
trade firm or corporation
of
use
assumes
inferpretation or use
than
by other
of Agriculture
in
this
en-dorsement
Depart-ment
publication
is
for the
the reader. Such
or
use
exclusion
The
of others
by the
of any
that
in
the
publication
the
respective
construed
as
United
product
may
of
text
opinions
does not constitute
approval
of Agriculture
and convenience
information
be
of
official
States
or service
to
the
suitable.
represents
and
author
recommended
an
the
personal
must not
or approved
be
procedures
FSM
pub-lication
mandatory
instructions
all
not
policy
except
Because of the type of material
references.
should
or
read
intended
engineers
each
issue
exclusively
and
engineering
however
this
for engineers.
in
by
the
technicians
publication
is
October
1981
ANOTHER
PATENT
FOREST
SERVICE
AWARDED to
ENGINEERS
Cali-patent
Three engineers Teddy L. Pickett
Isidro Ignacio and Marco Rojas
were credited as inventors in a
issued July 14 1981 for
a machine that plants
tree and shrub seedlings.
was
Department of Agriculture
as Assignee for Patent.
designated
the
Department
the Navy in
is employed by
also in
of
fully-The
plant-Work
employ-ees
container-ized
California Rojas
private
fornia.
a
firm
The patent describes a
for planting
machine
automated
The machine is
nursery stock.
especially well-suited for
ing tree and shrub seedlings on
slopes and irregular terrain.
fur-San
on this machine started in
March 1977 while all three inventors were Forest Service
stationed at the San Dimas
Center.
Development
Equipment
Ignacio is still on the staff at
Dimas Pickett now works for
Service
The Soil Conservation
invention
to
to
take
the
plans
New Mexico where they will
ther test and possibly improve
it.
Al
wHOMI
AII
ýexýtt
II
a
ESI. PRTSL\TS.
THERE
HAS
Commissioner
4278035
BEEN
4Mj
SIJ tIsLF
i.
TO THE
PRESENTED
and Trademarks
of Patents
CON-TAINED
A PETITION
NEW AND
FOR THE
PRAYING
USEFUL
THE
IN
THE TITLE AND
INVENTION
OF WHICH
SPECIFICATION
MADE A PART HEREOF
AND THE
MADE AND
HAVE
PROVIDED
PATENT
OF LETTERS
GRANT
A COPY
IS
HEREUNTO
REQUIREMENTS
VARIOUS
THE
RECORDS
CLAIMANTS
AND
ANNEXED
LAW
SUCH CASES
IN
AND
THERETO IS
THJITLE
AND TRADEMARK OFFICE IN THE
COPY AND WHEREAS UPON DUE
COMPLIED WITH
BEEN
III
A PATENT
UNDER
Now
OF
INDICATED
MADE THE
SAID
THE
IN
THE SAID
IS
THE LAW.
THEREFORE
FOR THE TERM
OF SEVENTEEN
SUCCESSORS
STATES.
Imsalmead
LAW
th
PTO
10-77
1A
GRANT
Ae
to
24iae
de Ave
s
SUBJECT
THE
eaatooel
atent anb
axealatfh
larAe2Cl
rl
a/7
1eýezr soar .Iooa/m
Iaaa
ýaýeýaeia
a
SAID
TO EXCLUDE
hiaoeIie
dead //ýae
Office
ail
meca
THIS
TO
CLAIMANT
THE RIGHT
tubereof
t1aa
medeo/de
OF
DATE
BY
caaseaI
Trabemark
a
UNTO THE
THE SAID INVENTION THROUGHOUT
tegtimonp
ti/aoaia
TO BE ENTITLED
ARE TO GRANT
YEARS FROM THE
OF ISSUE FEES AS PROVIDED
N
ADJUDGED
HEIRS OR ASSIGNS OF THE SAID
OTHERS FROM MAKING USING OR SELLING
UNITED
ARE
Patent
Letters
THESE
AND THE
THE PAYMENT
PATENT
CLAIMANTS
CLAIMANTS
TO
REV.
OF
ALLEGED
ARE
EXAMI-NATION
FROM
FORM
FOR AN
OF WHICH
DESCRIPTION
ea
lace
a d
/tae
e0/
--oIAe
GG2aýeaýJlaes
United States Patent 19
11
Pickett
45
54
al.
et
MACHINE FOR PLANTING
TREE AND SHRUB
CONTAINERIZED
Redmond
Teddy L. Pickett
Inventors
Isidro
D.
Ignacio
Rojas La Verne
73
Assignee
22
51
52
No.
Appl.
if
211915
2/1968
U.S.S.R
represented
by the Secretary of
as
57
A seedling
D.C.
which
AOIC
.............................................
11/00
111/2
................................
111/89
111/89
....................................
R.
Feyrer
Silverstein
ABSTRACT
of a
consisting
planter
frame
portable
mounted a horizontally rotatable
is
1981
...................................
Agent or Firm-M. Howard
David G. McConnell
Mar. 14 1980
C1.3
U.S.S.R
Attorney
States of America
Washington
12/1967
Primary Examiner-James
130634
Filed
Int.
of
The United
Agriculture
21
both
6/1980
207548
Wash.
Marco
Altadena
Netherlands
7811699
14
Jul.
DOCUMENTS
FOREIGN PATENT
SEEDLINGS
75
4278035
movable
index
normally
lowered
a
carrying
plate
scraper blade
on
vertically
movable
vertically
a telescopic seedling
motor and
a
pro-U.S.
con-516745
scrap-1475061
58
U.S.
Cl ...........................................
111/34
Field of Search
111/2 111/6
111/89 221/96
drop
gear
111/1 2 3 4 6 7
73 80 89 92 221/% 222/636
tube
auger
an
tray containing
.....................
an
hydraulic
auger
motor to the auger. A carousel
seedlings is rotatably mounted on the
box coupling
the
retraction-exten-56
111/34
406/63
gramming
DOCUMENTS
PATENT
Pitt
ground
lowering
the index plate and
2520809
8/1950
Miller
......................................
111/7
2749855
6/1956
Guigas
...................................
111/3
3306239
2/1967
Martin
.....................................
3394667
7/1968
White
................................
3712252
1/1973
3719158
3/1973
Huang
Roths
......................................
3943863
3/1976
Leonard
3998171
12/1976
111/3
al ...........................
.....................................
4091751
5/1978
Lofgren et
Dri et al
4111135
9/1978
Braun
4116137
9/1978
Westerhoven
4186671
2/1980
Huang
al
al
X
111/89
the hole and
water
..........................
111/2
a cycle
causing
raising
operating the auger
and extending
over
the index
the hole and
packing
resetting
111/2
open a water valve
..........................
blade to pack
the parts to
17
111/2
soil
starting
the seedling
positions.
Claims 11 Drawing
Figures
elz
di 25
zl
az
34
So
31
ý
29
30
yo
/3
/
L8
11
9r
7
S3
37
7/
I
9
yl
the
to deliver a quantity of
around
70
28
plate
the seedling to drive
pressure over
the drop tube into the hole then extending
111/2
.....................................
then
so as
cause
to
under
through
111/2
..................................
A
activating
then elevating the scraper blade
tube
by
carousel tray to rotate one step to bring a seedling over
111/2
111/2
then
the drop
111/2
.........................
......................................
first
dig a hole
to bring
111/1
to perform
cylinders
ing of the
Stocker
valves
retracting the index plate
111/2
Frawley
1/1928
..................................
of
solenoid
operates
sisting
11/1923
rotatable stepwise
being
111/3
1657944
et
circuit
respective hydraulic
..........................................
et
the index plate
over
pawl on the end of the piston rod of a
sion hydraulic cylinder mounted on the frame.
a
Cited
References
3/1894
frame
64 65 66
a
o e o
J
0 o e
35
f7
l
6/
Z
SO
14
and
it
a
then
oL
ti
Iz
as 00
9r
81
Ll
II
z
I
Ot
f7.9
oz
.9
z
o
Z
00
ý
I ff
iý
iI
ý
ZZ
ýI
ýfi
zý
tL1
OW
l
9
1
06
o
\
fi
Ll
8l
f
ý
/
l9
O
o
to
o
o
L
o
Of
z
-ý
OL
LIZ
2
-Mtn
o
171
00
fiz
0
0
0
0
0
o
O
0
e
/9
00
O i
Z/ý
04
I
I
II
i
IZ
ý
ý
i
5z
1
i
i
1I
iý
zý
8
7
li
I
oc
i-
I
ý
a
e
O.
.
ID
D1
O
n
n
O
00
ýý
o
G
O/
i
fiz
zz
Gz
M
I
ýý
1
v
l
l
I
/
ýýý
o
00
N
ES
00
k
FIGB
L
jllý
ýirlo
sq
ý
I
i
II
33
57
6
ýz
by
Iýo
Iýi
7/
i
j
80
-
Po
i
.1
78
8
_ý
6S
r/onl
ýARattsFý
Booy
81
76
FiXEp
I
34
A FIG
70
50
23
33
38
ýý
s
J1
_
o
I
40
71
39
i
37
310
35
34
70
I
i
.5
/Z
4278035
8 of 4 Sheet
1981
14
U.S.
Patent
Jul.
U.S. Patent
Jul.
14
4278035
Sheet 5 of 8
1981
3.5
37
CAM
FIXED
4-8
7b
36
I
FRAME
ý/8ý
3q
/ý
83
So
\
33
76
z7
70
4-
-4
8
06
40
7
71
l05
/
\
79
8
FIGS
ý
8ý
.S
0
X08
j
57
i
37
7e
3$3
1
33
/0
70
7y
z7
64
69
6
2.
I
ý
FIG.
7z
73
FIG7
ýWw
toy
00
SUPPLY
POWER
c
RYD4ACALI
90
OurPur
PS/
2000
9
FIG
95
9ý
93
ýý
9
crLvoL-R
PAeýrývcý
00
1
ýýD
90
HOLE
Co6RW4
fat
as
97
/OZ
ion
108
9
Il7
52
150
RerR.
//Z
114
103
lob
99
00
98
ID5
sopq
/0
oý
BLADE
t/
l
RýN
R
yý
RACY
113
YE
rROL
Al
Co
I06
118
48
o.e/
At
RASIAIy
Low.T/MCP
AuyER
/11
35
R
iNDE
of
Aosirlow-vo
CAROUSEL
/
/NDEX/Ny
31
AuyER
M
IlCr4
/07
30
4
Jý
/0
V
yL/NoER
C
AforoýQ
HYDRAUUc
t/j
AvyER
C
DECAY
ON
OFFDELAy
OFFDELAy
SEC
jr
SEC
-
/23
R.ý
/22
R3
/2/
R2
/2o
R/
27
/37
REr
crED
i
r3Z
z9
3
SEC
S
cJEC.
DELAY
0/i
/44
145
Isla
a.J
7
V.
/zrý
13
PRESSURE
IAI
ATER
G
POs
129
/2
f
131
SOLID
AA7USrASLE
33
7
1
RELAYS
AMER
SrArF
\
70/p
00
SGlrAPER
ý8
vyER
/30
rxrrWDEO
/3v
Posi77oel
C
s
/34
133
/33
28
UNDER-
rc
tu
VALE
8
89-
53
O
00
/oz
04
9ý
/z8
138
z5
EXrEMD
/08
/17
/l3
119
i
8
pWI
/z4
/z7
SWircH
/
00
E
AZ
VALVE
V.
VALVE
_/Z
ALE
RA/SE
cyl.
/07
VALVE
/03
CyuNDER
N
BUTIO.I
RETRACT
//1aEX/N4
MorbR
AUyER
/Z
4
LoýJER
/P.
Cyl
PAf1CJNy
CrUAIOER
SCRAPER
v.
t/2
FIG.10
12
//
10
6
7
ro
5
4
3
I2
/
I0
CD
Orr
OFF
-
OFf
R2
ON
R3
ON
R2
Rq
7Pf
oN
R3
00
OFF
Ri
ON
fjI
RA/SEP
P.
/.
LOWERED
/.P
RETRACTED
I.P.
EXTENDED
BLADE
PACK/Ny
S
OPERA
qugER
I
BLADE
PACK/NCI
00
RETRAcrS
/.P.
EXTENOED
SECONDS
OFF
P8
oM
PB
0
ON
WATER
I
VP
SCPER
DO1Iý
SCRROtR
D/SCNRRCE
N
JEEDL/Nq
FIG11
U
4278035
2
1
MACHINE FOR PLANTING CONTAINERIZED
TREE AND SHRUB SEEDLINGS
This
relates
invention
improved
for planting nursery stock
which
lings and
human
quiring
as
5
which
and
without
automatically
steps
seed10
perform
to
and
the auger
so
carousel
rotated by the pawl
is
the drop
by
scraping
to
time the
one
through
then
plate
the same
at
then
the index
dig a hole
to
a
first
occur
the index
the hole
of the extension of the index
intervention.
as
tube
over
to
is
lowering
bring the drop
bring a seedling over
re-
then
horizontally extending
tray
causing
where the planting
area
operated
is
cycle consisting of
the index plate
retracting
activating
and
circuit
a
the scraper blade
elevating
raising
planting such
for
button switch
plate
machine
shrub
terrain
irregular
and
planters
and
tree
push
of the ground
automated
suited
especially
is
the required
performs
such
slopes and
seedlings on
mechanical
to
an
to
particularly
circuit.
horizontally
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
more
The programming
ming
step
to
At the end portion
tube.
solenoid valve
a
plate
for
ex-seedlings
ma-place
disadvan-and
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Ordinarily
the planting
of
In
them
the planting
to
the seedling
then
insure proper nourishment
Various
mechanical
proposed but these devices
tory
mainly
because
they cannot
perform
and
proper sequence
in
human
considerable
each
moisten
have
of
plant
the
a novel
and
A
have
satisfac-
25
is
and
steps
Also
to
A
considerable 30
the invention
seedling
to
is
planting
planting machines.
the invention
automatically
to
is
provide
be
can
an
which
containerized
plant
which
or
tree
used
efficiently
on
terrain.
irregular
automated
improved
this
and
deficiencies
further object of the invention
still
is
after
seedling planting machine
seedlings and
slopes or on
in
the
of
automated
arranged
shrub
in
of
object
available
further object
improved
blade
and
tube
positions.
improved
which overcomes
the
the drop
packing
a
as to
pressure onto
the seedling
starting
a main
Accordingly
seedling.
labor.
a
to
reset
tages of previously
short time without
involve
are
provide
under
thereafter
around
soil
chine
not been
and
supervision
20
Shortly
hole.
to pack
parts
water
so
energized
is
drive the seedling through
the plant
self-contained
a reasonably
the
tended
to
quantity
seedling and
system to
the necessary
all
cases the prior devices
most
for
planting devices
are not
they
deliver a
clear the immediate
growth of the
been
supply conduit
into
ter-
necessary
the plant root
and
15
shrub
irregular
first
suitably
and
aids
because
is
site
around
soil
it
or
tree
proper depth
to
the hole
in
the
pack
as
for
required
is
slopes or other
on
dig a hole
planting area
labor
such
the seedlings
planting
transport
stock
nursery
particularly
rain.
human
considerable
a pressurized water
is
provide an
to
seedling planting machine
which
automati-Furthermore
amount of individual handling of the seedlings
or more of the required planting
forming one
use of
the prior proposed
in
can be readily positioned
per-
steep slopes or on
steps.
ma-
planting
cally
for
terrain and
irregular
performs
sequentially
planting seedlings even
on
which
the various
required
steps
step-Martin
se-Roths
chines
A
not
is
on
practical
search
preliminary
prior U.S.
following
Miller U.S.
the prior
revealed
art
the
35
patents of interest
human
A
2520809
2749855
No. 3306239
of
planting
intervention
and
efficiently
No.
Pat.
correct
for
slopes.
No.
Pat.
Guigas U.S.
of
or on
terrain
irregular
without
seedlings
which
and
performs
these
steps
rapidly.
further object of the invention
still
improved
requiring
seedling
which
planter
is
provide an
to
includes
a
ar-ery
U.S.
Huang
U.S.
U.S.
Dri
et
Pat.
al U.S.
3712252
3719158
No. 4091751
No.
Pat.
40
No.
Pat.
Pat.
actuated
carousel tray containing
number
which can be planted in
substantial
number of seedlings to
of containerized
seedlings
quence enabling
said
a
substantial
container-The
includ-machine
deliver-on
be
Braun U.S. Pat. No. 4111135
Westerhoven U.S. Pat. No. 4116137
45
and
ized
of the present invention automatically
then
adapted
is
and
vehicle
similar
packs
be
to
is
around
the machine
from
which can
be
the
boom
operated
the
transported
in
rough
by a crane
of a crane
to place
50
or
terrain.
or
successively
selected locations
which
similar
the frame
automated
is
vehicle
a desired
in
irregular
ranged
to
perform
required
machine
seedlings
on
for
terrain
in
for
a seedling over
ing water
pressure onto
under
the hole
pack
and
around
soil
then
all
readily
being
the necessary
then digging
the hole
a hole
then
the seedling to drive
extending
the seedling
growth conditions
being
planting a seedling
scraping the planting area
first
to provide an
on slopes and
proper sequence
properly
is
without
labor.
planting
machine
said
or
then positioning
into
55
or shrub
tree
steps
human
further object of the invention
still
usable
ing
operation
for
a frame
comprises
The
seedlings.
adapted
especially
steep slopes and
relatively
In general
suspended
soil
A
improved
digs holes and then plants containerized seedlings nursof trees
stock sometimes
called tubelings
and
shrubs
in
requiring handling of the seedlings or
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
machine
planted
a packing
root
blade
to
system
it
to
insure
seed-vertically
planting
rally
A
location.
movable index
horizontally
plate
is
and
rotatable
proper
A
verti-
frame said
with a normally lowered
provided
on
the
still
for
the
seedling.
further object of the invention
is
to
provide an
seed-lic
index
being
plate
retractile
provided
scraper blade
drop
tube and a digging auger.
ing a
substantial
tubes
plate
is
is
solenoid
auger
rotatable stepwise
valve-controlled
cylinder
mounted on
valve-controlled
motor
are provided
a telescopic seedling 60
A carousel
circularly
rotatably mounted on
and
solenoid
number of
tray contain-
arranged
the frame
over
by a pawl
seedling
the index
driven
retraction-extension
the frame.
hydraulic
Respective
cylinders
controlled
by
by a
hydrau-
other
and
an
a program-
of the carousel
type
successively planting containerized tree or shrub
improved
lings
said
automated
machine
sequence
all
seedling
and
machine
being
the necessary
arranged
steps
to perform
for
properly
in
for
proper
planting a
having
for
arrangements
automatically
the containerized
seedlings into
discharge
over the holes prepared for
positions
receiving the
lings so that the successive seedlings will be planted in
advancing
65
successively selected locations
without
handling of the seedlings by the operator.
requiring the
cen-become
4278035
3
OF THE DRAWINGS
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
Further
objects and
the frame
of the invention
advantages
4
Thus
other mechanism.
each
with a
provided
is
for
will
19 the two crossbars being
and
tral
mechanism
planting
mounted crossbar
rigidly
connected
rigidly
by a
con-inner
adja-FIG.
from
apparent
claims
wherein
from the
is
1
description
accompanying drawings
a perspective view partly
broken
and
FIG.
the following
a seedling planting
machine
members having
post
said
shown with one of the containerized seedling
carousel trays lifted off the machine
to show associated
below
invention
the
includes
also
of
intersections
lower portions 22 depending
the longitudinal bar
with
Said
20.
opposite transverse end
nected by divergent
19
frame
short frame
provided
is
23 23
bars 24 24
bars
rigidly
the
verti-FIG.
structure.
2
away
10
an
is
enlarged
3
an
is
away
broken
view
top plan
of the seedling planting
FIG.
1.
The frame
20.
members 21 forming
post
vertical
bar
the longitudinal bar 20 with the respective crossbars
of
the present
to
according
away
5
longitudinal frame
enlarged
of FIG.
machine
cent ends
partly
4
an
is
end
enlarged
elevational
of FIG.
view
of the
connected
portion 22
the top end
to
end
free
27
shaft
of
portion
member 21
arm 25 and
of post
horizontal
the bottom
to
to
16.
end
of depending
arm
longitudinally extending
a
is
stationary
cal
16
bars
side
longitudinally extending
rigidly
15
seedling planting machine
a
is
of FIG.
of the seedling planting machine
of the
Rigidly connected
1.
view
elevational
side
broken
partly
mounted
arm 26 and is
the
in
supportingly
is
the bottom
post
A
26.
en-invention
FIG.
5
an
is
enlarged
one of the carousel
index-plate
and
a
modified
arrangement
machine
the index
planting
top plan view
fragmentary
trays
pawl
rotating
planting
seedling
1.
shown
being
plate
of
clamped
of an
A
25.
at
top portion
its
member
collar
portion
of
to
the
vertical
sleeve
in
an
gaged
employed
as
according
form
in
a 20
present
extended
on
28
27
shaft
fixed
shaft
29
arm
A
27.
on
and
arm
the upper
An
25.
slidably
is
elongated
rotatably
30
hydraulic cylinder
vertical
member
sleeve
to
portion of top
secured
rigidly
subjacent
member
secured
the end
to
is
rigidly
29
in
spaced
limit-FIG.
FIG. 6
of FIG.
mal
position.
is
a fragmentary
is
5 showing
top plan view
the index
of the structure
a retracted
in
plate
nor-
7
view
tional
8
taken
view
tional
fragmentary
on
substantially
an enlarged
is
and
sealingly
rod being
an enlarged
is
therewith
relation
25
position.
FIG.
rigidly
taken
vertical
on
substantially
7-7
line
fragmentary
of FIG.
vertical
8-8
line
to
5.
cross-sec-
of FIG.
30
5.
has
piston rod 31
its
through
connected
rigidly
arm
top
its
to
collar
extending
end said piston
member 28 by a
The hydraulic cylinder 30 is employed
and lower the sleeve member 29 between
bracket
cross-sec-
and
slidably
parallel
raise
ing
positions
and
bottom
32.
established by
abutment
abutment
upper
arm
26.
and
extending
28
collar
piv-FIG.
trans-ming
FIG.
9
a schematic
is
the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic
typical
Rigidly secured
of the hydraulic oper-
diagram
of a seedling planting machine
circuit
ating
according
the lower end
to
wiring
electrical
of
diagram
programming system which may be employed
a
in
35
which
33
plate
to
in
above
spaced
slightly
shown
in
FIG.
portion
of
plate
the
of
level
an index
is
position
on
is
13
the frame
secured
Rigidly
3.
29
elevated
normally
its
horizontally from
member
of sleeve
portion
as
the outer end
Z-FIGS.
bear-prises
accordance
with
draulic circuit
11
the present invention
of FIG.
of FIG.
the hy-
indexing
9.
a timing diagram
is
system
with
the
for
program-
typical
OF PREFERRED
EMBODIMENTS
to
I
12 generally
more
and
to the drawings
4
hydraulic
a
designates
in
2
FIG.
portion
particularly
tree
typical
to
38
or
bracket
shrub
seedling planting machine
constructed
dance
with the present invention.
The machine
12
rectangular
portable
in
accor-
45
to
37
vertical
shaft
13
23
arm of a
the top
bracket
supporting
bottom
of
flange
frame
shown
as
an intermediate
at
the
24
bar portion
The piston rod 39
4.
An
substantially
a bottom
the
34.
horizontally and
36 between
at
and
the adjacent
FIG.
in
is
the frame
connecting
37
35
cylinder
shown
bracket
rigidly
shown
upstanding
pivotally connected
being
thereof
Z-shaped
an
near the end bar element
versely thereof
40
is
mounted on
otally
10.
DESCRIPTION
Referring
33
as
with an
provided
is
hy-tures
asseni-includes
depend-formed
an
frame
elongated
13 having
outwardly
a
generally
pair
extending
the corners of one
downwardly
15
structure
and
outwardly
leg
thereof
said
sleeve 40
ing
in
at
a depending
supporting
extending
end
and
14 14
structures
and having
thereof
the opposite end
at
downwardly
of depending
supporting
end
com-
shaft
as
leg
index
viewed
A
33
plate
the
at
sleeve
Extension
position.
horizontal
vertical
leg.struc-
FIGS. 2 and 4 the piston rod 39
retracted
its
rotates
50
rotatably receiving the upstanding
In
34.
of FIG.
supporting
29 and
a
shown
direction
2.
41
plate
carries
is
piston rod
said
counterclockwise
in a
side
left
of
is
secured
rigidly
to
mounted
vertically
de-site
depend-the
there-at
being
a
of
longitudinal square
be suspended
to
cables
suitable
site.
holes 17 to receive eye
crane vehicle
tional
the frame
selected planting
opposite
with
the frame
to support
adapted
over
position
from the
or other
not
in
The
16
a coupling
55
enabling
The
of
shaft
to the underside
ground-digging
vertical
motor 42
a conventional
connected
is
reducing
of
plate
auger
45.
via
gear
33 to a
In the retracted
of piston rod 39 shown in FIG. 2 the auger is
located to dig a hole at the desired location for planting
position
by means
may
the machine
42.
43 and
bly 44 secured
ing
of a conven-
vehicle
shown whereby
16
18
draulic motor
stable
13
tubing
bolts
boom
suitable
a
frame
as
will
be presently described.
exten-of
be
transported to and
for
example on
lowered
onto
a slope adjacent
embodiments
herein
a selected planting
to a highway.
described
and
60
In
Designated
pending
illus-
46
at
3
see FIG.
seedling delivery tube
ing from
a delivery
provided
in
aperture
or
47
in
a telescoping
drop tube
see FIGS.
8 and
10
clock-scription
typical
trated
two
in
the
identical
drawings the frame is designed to carry
located
planting mechanisms each being
a respective end
of the frame. In the following
the detailed elements
the planting
understood
that
mechanisms
the
associated
will
de-
with only one
be described
same elements are employed
it
being
for the
65
index
from
shaft
from
by an angle
wise
27
rotation
as
of
33
plate
auger
45
to
said
move
the same
but angularly
corresponding
index
sion stroke of piston rod
required
at
plate
spaced
to the angle
produced
tube
46
into
of
by the
39 namely through
the drop
distance
radial
the angle
registry
with
a
dis-44
de-hydraulic
respec-described.
con-Vertically
4278035
6
5
dug by the auger
hole
planting
be
will
as
presently
secured
the same
46
and
to
from
depending
distance
radial
clear
tainers
successively
aperture 60 of stationary flange 59
digging during the
for
35
cylinder
blade can
as
permit the descent
to
of the index
of
cycles
machine
the
the
seedling
successive
for
presently
is
10
secured
resiliently
located so
71 with
4
embodiment of FIGS. Ito
the
In
is
The scraper
be presently described.
will
be elevated
planting
with
registry
be
to
scribed.
stroke of
retraction
initial
5
into
the
move the seedling
to
charge
substantially
it
required
steps
with
correspond
box
them is a scraper
midway between
rod carries a scraper
cylinder 48 whose piston
blade 49 which is located so as to scrape the ground and
but
to
spaced
tube
gear
45 and drop
auger
as
are
indexing
tive
at
72
recesses
75
member 40 and
with
drivingly engage
as to
each
member
a pawl
piston rod sleeve
to
a
tooth
ratchet
39 namely
35 to
cyclinder
extension stroke of piston rod
move-plane
bot-wardly
33
plate
and
At each
45
the auger
planting hole
for
13 there
end of the frame
directed packing
located
in
of
frame with
the
depending
the
a
blade
packing
for
51
indexing
subsequent
one
carrier
delivery
stroke
retraction
the
step.
resiliently
a
around
a
detent recess
50
15
dug by the auger 45 as
shown in FIG. 3. The cylinder 50 may be connected at
its
out- 20
to
a longitudinal arm 54 projecting
top end
from the end frame bar 23 and may be supported
a hole 53
in
seedling deposited
the
of
the seedling
carrying
soil
packing
activation
mounted pawl 75 slides past the adjacent ratchet
tooth
71 the seedling carrier being then held against
ment
by the detent ball 73 seated in the last-engaged
blade cylinder
piston rod
52
On
down-
a
each
thereby advance
48.
longitudinal vertical
central
with
required
cylinder
provided
is
wardly and inwardly
substantially
the
digging
the hydraulic
by activating
72.
shown
In the modification
FIGS. 5 6 and 8 a pawl
in
mem-FIG.
con-will
a
in
inclined
suitably
the intermediate portion of the
55 connecting
arm 54
nal
position by a supporting
the intermediate portion
to
the auger
45
located
is
in
substantially
in
34
said
and
40
member
of
connected
ber 79
having
on the end
bearing
supported
rod 39. The elongated
plate
inclined
by a
a
shaft
top and
piston
have
rigidly
the upstanding
identical
parallel
members 77 78 rotatably engaged
plate
above
members 77 78
25
pivoted on
is
of spaced
consists
shaft
76
at
elongated
torn
sleeve
cylinder.
39 shown
34 and
on
longitudi-
of the
In the retracted position of the piston rod
2
rod
link
member shown
front
vertical
vertical
which
edges
rectangular
front
are
plate
80.
The rear end
edge
members 77 78 are
suit-7
cam-bottom
longitudinal vertical
be
blade
In
the normal
elevated
as
shown
cylinder
50
the planting hole 53
that
located with
properly
52.
so
plane
portions of the elongated
respect to the packing
of packing
position
blade 52
nected
by a
An
it is
plate
pin
vertical
81.
arm 82 rigidly secured to
member 40 extends upwardly
past lower
78 as shown in FIG. 8. A flat elongated
upstanding
vertical
mem-seedlings
FIG. 3
dotted view
its
The carousel assemblies
are designated
ousel assembly
body having
8
and
a
56
a
view but when
line
full
52
extended
is
sub-
a
56
at
Each
56.
35
see FIGS. 2
main portion 57
58
car-
hat-shaped
and
frame
13
coaxially with
the associated
fixed
vertical
connected
rigidly
at
end
front
its
a direction urging the pawl
in
of the
vertical
to vertical
spaced
top and
being
80
edge
has an
6
toward
cam 84
stationary
13 and
the path of
in
81
pin
A
68.
the frame
to
85 located
ming edge
40
wall
retaining
ably fastened
which has a seedling discharge aperThe hat-shaped body is fixedly
secured on the
60.
namely
the outer
annular
an
is
arm 82 and bears against pin 81 biasing the pawl
ber 76 counterclockwise
as viewed
in FIGS.
5 and
flange 59
ture
member
plate
the containerized
generally
top wall
bearing sleeve
spring 83
carrying
generally
circular
30
position.
comprises
cylindrical
with
in
the blade
activated
is
to
stantially
in
is
inclined
movement
retractile
receivable
between
the
members 77 78. When rod
the stationary cam is engaged
by pin 81
bottom
plate
dis-a
sole-the
27
Zexample by diametrically opposed
61 61 connecting
the flange 59 to the
in
opposite longitudinal square tubes 16 16 as shown
with a layer 62
FIGS. 2 3 and 4. Flange 59 is provided
shaft
of
39
for
brackets
shaped
such
bearing material
suitable
or the
as Teflon
like.
is
retracted
the pawl
causing
71
ratchet teeth
39
45
causes pin 81
pawl
80
edge
5
FIG.
the top end
stroke of index
wall
of
fixed
to bear on
a
vertical
3
annular channel-shaped
containerized
as
on
top
said
27
shaft
above
short
relatively
in
65
said
discharge
8.
having
A
69
86
flange 66
70
at
in
55
plate
noid valve
said
in
cam 84
from
this
a
allowing
of
60 and
vertical
the drop
registry
tube
10
secured
to the frame
shown
in
rigidly
is
means
not
86
8 namely
of
the
discharge
when
As
will
be
with
source
suitable
a normally
pressure through
to
carousel flange
a
to
13 by
a position
in registry
fixed
connected
is
46.
conduit
directed
87.
the
of rod
a seedling to be
point
position
opening
aperture 60
under
of
clear
Extension
6.
the top of a seedling container 70
into
conduit
water
rotated
FIG.
downwardly
bracket
discharge
At
33.
placed
the position of FIG.
The
with
registering
shown
68
see FIG.
charge
formed
is
vertical
suitable
an upstand-
outer retaining wall
seedling containers
cylindrical
for
carrier
Bottom flange 66
apertures
the
carrier
an annular bottom
cylindrical
FIGS. 7 and
circular
rotatable
provided
is
showing
with the discharge
50
in
to disengage
planted has been
of the stationary
rigidity
wall of the carrier and
the bottom
shown
with
seedlings
inner wall
cylindrical
forming
ing
insuring
allows
body of the assembly.
hat-shaped
An
64 provided
collar
arm 25 see FIG.
27 and
shaft
to be
shown
a ratchet tooth as in
drivingly engage
the pawl 76 at the end of the extension
to
The top wall 58 has a central aperture 63 which receives
80
edge
as
is
it
the
59.
of
closed
presently explained
valve
87
ener-outwardly
containers
70
being
FIGS.
7 and
indexing
from
As shown
in
The outer wall 68
8.
regularly spaced
between
vertically
68
the outer retaining wall
inner wall 65 and
in
received
its
upper
7
FIG.
ratchet
is
teeth
as
the
shown
spaced
detent assembly
and
extending
74
flange 66
through
mounted
bearing
33 to
is
formed
with
in
lining
62.
The
detent
for
65
responsive
discharge
its
8
FIG.
a
short
time near
of
mounted on
the valve
87
a
stationary
frame
at
namely to the position
60.
tube 46
the end
of
in registry
is
The valve
87
is
the extension
33 by the passing engagement
cam 88 on the edge of index
plunger
the extension of index
the drop
aperture
plate
to
position
wherein
discharge
stroke of index
uni-
stationary flange 59
in
said
gized
bottom
ball
plate
with
portion.
to open
energized
shown
projecting
indexing recesses 72 to yieldingly
receive a springbiased detent ball 73 forming part of a
formly
60
with
provided
71
is
13.
plate
microswitch
This passing
the appropriate
of a
33 with the operating
89
engagement
point
in
suitably
opens
the planting
4278035
8
7
cycle
be presently described
will
as
The respective normally open switch contacts of the
shown respectively at 120 121.
delay relays R1 to R4are
provide a short
to
termi-moisten
termi-the
sustained pulse of pressurized water
top of the subjacent
force the seedling
downwardly
formed
previously
9
FIG.
to
above-described
seedling
be mounted on the associated
90
unit
a 2000
12
vehicle
PSI
The return conduit 94
conventional
connected
is
%
valve
relief
a return
to
connected
is
The
A
15
wire
a
124
the lower
126
a
to
and
pole 125
12
contacts
of a two-pole
terminal wire
volt
of the winding
terminal
other
its
the lower
and
of
The
pole 128
volt
R3
relay
of
131 the remaining terminal
push
127.
said
line
of
129
wires
via
being
relay
grounded.
The
the
across
one
130
line 92.
line 95.
with
button switch
and
con-
is
via
associated with the upper
upper contacts
between
12
switch 126 are connected
a
said
output.
high pressure output conduit 93 of the unit 90
nected via a check
valve 91 to a high pressure
10
terminal grounded
97 has one
connected
associated
conven-
a
such as
a suitable power source
which has a grounded negative
retract solenoid 102 of indexing cylinder
employs
battery
The
nal
is
123.
circuit
12-volt
valve
for
90 which may
unit
a
5
nal.
circuit
comprises
supporting
example having
for
The
soil.
machine
planting
circuit
122 and
to
adequately
to
hydraulic
typical
power supply pump
hydraulic
tional
and
the surrounding
a
The hydraulic
illustrated.
sufficient
the seedling hole 53
into
therebelow
the seedling and
Referring
70
the
into
injected
seedling container
switch
R3 are connected
122 of relay
contacts
con-including
termi-102
92 95.
The hydraulic carousel indexing cylinder
nected to the lines 92 95 via a conventional
lines
reversing solenoid valve
closed
97 and
35
R4
con-
is
normally-
98 99
conduits
the
between
12
132
via wires
R4
volt
129 and one
line
relay
grounded.
is
One terminal of the winding
20
terminal of
The remaining terminal of relay
133.
of the
R2
relay
is
Mi-The
de-justable
The valve 97 has an index
101.
and
be
to
index
an
energized
alternately
be
will
as
de-
The hydraulic
motor 42
a conventional
105
and
connected
is
closed
normally
Valve
106.
104
to
92
lines
solenoid valve
25
93
auger
nected
and
lowering
across
92
lines
solenoid valve
95
108 and
flow
via a conventional
con-
is
of
line 129.
said
relay
of
The remaining
R2 is grounded.
of
R1
relay
connected
is
121 of
the switch contacts
line
volt
123
the switch contacts
R2
relay
to
The remaining terminal of the
129.
grounded.
is
The extend solenoid 103 of indexing cylinder valve
and wire 135 via a
97 is connected
between
ground
30
wire
136 and
croswitch
reversing
member
109 110 including an ad111.
As will be presently
lines
valve
control
30
cylinder
raising
12
relay winding
has a valve-opening
1conduits
12 volt
via a wire 135 and
the
104
solenoid
and
One terminal of the winding
scribed.
via
134
nal of the winding
103 adapted
presently
a wire
via
relay R4 to the
solenoid
retraction
plate
extension solenoid
plate
netted
100
respective adjustable flow control valves
29
144 opens
closed
a normally
144
in
held closed
is
elevated
its
shortly
145
a lug
normal
sleeve
after
and closes when
microswitch
by
sleeve
Microswitch
position.
member
144.
on
29
starts
its
member completes
sleeve
micro-trated
described
elevated
30
cylinder
and
reversing valve
ning of a planting cycle
and
deenergized
FIG.
in
112
to piston rod 31
relative
positions
9.
member
sleeve
being
biased
Valve
108
at
29
are
the
begin-The
in
35
then
108 being
the condition
to
has an
scent
ascent on
illus-
which reverses the valve when energized. Reversal 40
causes cylinder 30 and sleeve member 29 to
switch
said
descend.
to
The packing
50
cylinder
connected
is
92
lines
to
95
reverses valve
energized
52
the packing
blade
a retracted
in
The scraper cylinder 48
via
a conventional
118
having
49
blade
sive
is
elevated
to
performing
seedling
for 5
The
relays
typically
R1
relay
to
R4
to
R2
at
circuit
The
herein.
89
55
for
60
of
programming
of
other
the
the
than
is
open
held open by a lug 140
elevated
normal
position
its
when the sleeve member
the auger
starts
motor
of
ground
ground
cylinder
the
and
of scraper
12
120 of
113
is
line
129
relay
Rt.
valve
118
is
via a wire 146 and the microswitch
as
when
a short time period
for
above
to
thereof
to
upper
10 and
the
11
in
operation a
of index
retraction
for
a short
bridge the lower
closed
typical
33
time
contacts
for
bridging
example
button causes
of the switch to
of the upper
switch contacts
energizes the off-delay relay R3
for
by
the
retract solenoid 102 of valve 97
130 131 which
hold them
plate
button switch 126 and holding
pressed
pole 128
moves
lug 88
mentioned.
FIGS.
with
The simultaneous
wires
and wire
valve
volt
cylinder
two seconds. The actuation of the push
by
and
lowering
plate
between
the switch contacts
119
thereby energize the
65
the index
between
begins
pole 125
seconds
are preferably
a normally
105
terminal
via a wire 143.
ground and wire 135
between
solenoid of water valve 87 is connected
therepast
button
typical
a conven-
5
volt
is
connected
actuation of the push
seconds off-delay and
set
solenoid
closed
cycle
a conventional
desired time values
employed
The
for
off-delayrelay
on-delay
R4
is
wire 135 and ground
the above-described
seconds
to enable
type
cycle events
shown
The
norposi-
118 respon-
12
thus energizing
112
108
between
Referring
illustrated.
set for 5
on-delay
adjustable-delay
these
set for 3
off-delayrelay R3
on-delay.
is
solenoid
valve
connected
The scraper
timing
with
118
in
a
134 via a wire 141.
The solenoid 117 of the packing
119.
typical
a conventional
seconds off-delay
a conventional
various
a
machine
comprises
on-delay relay Rt
tional
10
The
raising
50
valve
lowered
of a planting cycle.
planting cycle
planting
circuit
timing
set
a
Valve
by the reversal of valve
FIG.
92 95
lines
reversing
in a
the energization of solenoid
to
Referring
29
closing
via a wire 142 and
to
119.
member
move downwardly
connected
position.
operating solenoid
an
113 maintains
connected
solenoid-operated
at the beginning
tion
is
lines
causes the packing
maintains the scraper blade 49
mally
and
Normally valve
be extended.
to
and
-
blade
113
113
and
139
Microswitch
microswitch
motor valve
of the auger
ground
its
be presently described.
42.
114
115 including an adjustable flow control valve 116. The 45
when
valve
113 has an operating solenoid 117 which
valve
reversing
107
between
139.
on sleeve
of the valve
via a conventional
solenoid
will
as
137 via a wire 138 and
wire
operating solenoid
upstroke
its
connected
said
5
will
close
seconds
its
after
contacts
the push
122
via
and
button
is
namely until the 7-second point of the cycle is
reached. The index plate 33 is thus moved to the dotted
released
actua-a
4278035
9
view
line
10
thereof of FIG.
position
extended
10 from
previous
its
At
full-
The scraper blade 49 being in its
thus scrapes the ground area where a
with the index
position.
lowered
position
seedling
is
to be planted
and
the auger
45
brought
point
this
in
the
all
33
plate
in
R4 are deenergized
to
elevated
its
10 and the remaining
FIG.
the above-described
to
RI
relays
extended
position
in position
parts
cycle responsive
to
repeat
another
to
seed-gizes
modifi-the
Since
the planting
over
position
energize the on-delay relay R4
the cycle contacts
contacts
123
121 to close and
move
downwardly
same time ener-
machine
and
member
microswitch
rais-
29
144
10
to
and
moves downwardly
33
and
the auger
wire
12 volt
135 to the
which energizes solenoid 119
disclosed
of the invention
within
and
of an
and
tree
improved
shrub
the foregoing description
in
may occur
intended
to
and
those
skilled
it
the
the
in
adaptations and
that
are intended
the meaning
is
being
various modifications within
that
it is
machine
after
location.
planting containerized
been
The
126.
the cycle
embodiments
specific
cations should
15
comprehended
be
to
of
range
of
equivalents
the
disclosed embodiments.
129
wire
line
for
Therefore
art.
switch
repeat
to
the next planting
be understood
scope
The closure of contacts
ing a planting hole 53 to be dug.
121 connects
rotates caus-
reset
certain
have
lings
will
139 energizing the solenoid 107 of
valve 104 via wire 138. Thus the index
motor
auger
now
to
While
sleeve
button
the push
moved
closes microswitch
plate
of
tion
therefore
to
point of
relay
lowering
plate
opens
this
the
as
R2
turns on
at
108 causing
valve
so
the 5-second
at
This
close.
solenoid 112 of the index
ing cylinder
5
site.
122 of relay R3 are closed
the contacts
causing
is
What
of the scraper cylinder
the scraper blade to be
claimed
is
A
1.
is
seedling
planter
comprising
frame
portable
car-becomes
118
wire
via
raised
so
143
that
and
causes
does
it
auger.
As the 7-second
not hinder
the descent
of
the 20
means
means
frame
R3 times out opening
slidably
relay
contacts
opening
108 restoringsaid
ergizes the solenoid 112 of the valve
said
This deep-
123.
rigid
to
shaft
by
index
said
index
vertical
two
vertically
plate
a
at
means and
shaft
spaced
depending
said
rotatably and
plate
said
means
vertical
means mounted on
shaft
horizontal
movable between
being
122 whereby relay R4
contacts
deenergized
reached
is
a
connected
-
point of the cycle
bearing
vertical
distance from
radial
on
levels
means
auger
said
posi-upper
valve
30
to
nal
the index
Also
elevation.
and
configuration
original
its
to raise
the opening
of
member
reaches
causing
25
cylinder
by lug 140
139
from
said
means
auger
index
said
at
opening
said
between
sleeve
as
means
shaft
discharge
33 and auger 45 to their origithe auger motor 42 is turned off by
plate
microswitch
vertical
a retracted
distance
radial
index
said
and
position
a seedling
having
plate
but spaced
being
plate
rotatable
an extended
position
carou-the
29
limit
145.
This energizes the
valve
ing cylinder
97
full-line
extend
position thereof
FIG.
in
FIGS. 1
75
element
pawl
136 causing
wire
via
closed
is
this
30
to
As
10.
4 or
76
index
occurs
FIGS. 56
opening
35
the containerized seed-
moves
a seedling container 70
hole
sel
and
a ratchet tooth 71 on
that
to
index
said
said
raise
extended
said
to
being
in
vertical
extended
in said
seedling tray
forms
index
said
retracted
in said
plate
means
auger
thereafter
horizontally
plate
the
so
means
position to the
this
means to lower
tion
by lug
solenoid 103 of index-
from the dotted view
33 to be extended
8
upper limit of
microswitch 144
its
reached
is
As
travel.
a planting
and
plate
said
position
with
registry
hole
rotate
it
discharge
planting
said
of the index plate
position
means mounted to rotate around said
said tray means being peripherally
means
vertical
shaft
formed
to carry
communica-As
move-thereby
con-water
engages
ling
rotatable
into
vertical
charge
and
carrier
with
registry
60 and
opening
wardly adjacent
the subjacent
water
vertical
46
tube
drop
stationary
and
with
the up- 40
conduit
discharge
tubular
dis-
86.
means
to
such
tively
register
index
plate
to
rotates
extended
its
1
89 near the end of the extension stroke and
microswitch
energizes the solenoid of water
87
valve
means to
45
a
of
with
is
to
such
in steps
index
pressure
to
plate
as
cause
to
said
when
opening
extended
position
into
the
and
the top end
seedling container responsive
said
distance
radial
respectively
said
under
vertical
spaced
said
discharge
to
water
at
means
said
brought
inject
registering
ment
pro-
tray
containers
full-line
33
plate
of FIG.
of evenly
plurality
containers
said
rotate
vertical
10 which takes place in about
secposition
ond the cam 88 engages and moves past the plunger of
the index
a
seedling
of
to the
extended
position
ex-Three
ele-When
conduit
through
seedling container
86
newly
the
into
the seedling
seedling and
the adjacent
seconds
for
after
contacts
wire
via
135 and
121
cylinder
to extend
blade
the packing
relay
opening
its
and
of relay
cylinder
5
R4
its
valve
50
starting
to the
site
of the planting
hole.
soil
planting
The
said
60
hole.
seedling
scraping blade
so as
the
pack
said
4.
planter
distance
radial
of
claim
means depending
and
from
1
and
located
being
retractile
the index
plate
between
at
said
means and said discharge opening.
The seedling planter of claim 4 and means to
vate
said
means substantially
out of
scraping blade
when said index plate and auger means
ground contact
auger
5.
opens
cylinder
original
to
The seedling planter of claim 1 and extensible
soil
blade means carried by said frame means and
The seedling planter of claim 2 and means to
tend said packing blade means against
the soil adjacent
to the planting hole after the seedling has been
moved
into
113 via wire
seconds
at
after
to
contacts
solenoid
retract
position.
the
the 12-second
becomes deenergized
121 and
packing
causes the packing
blade 52 to
52
55
been
seedling.
relay R1
of contacts
deenergizes
123
R2 close
the contacts
50 to be operated
R2 times out namely
of contacts
point of the cycle
opening
planted
the
means.
located adjacent
This energizes
valve
cylinder
142 and causes packing
the newly
121.
its
dug by
previously
packing
initial
relay RI having
said
2.
hole
from
3.
of relay
contacts
the solenoid 117 of packing
around
provides
adequate
point of the cycle
120 of on-delay relayR1 close
energized
an
50
the
growth.
subsequent
the 8-second
at
and
with
soil
force to
sufficient
the hole 53
the planting
into
auger
into
amount of moisture
namely
tainer
presented
70.
The burst of pressurized water has
drive
whereby to move a seedling downwardly
of pressurized
viding a short-length period of discharge
by the
120.
117
This
and
the packing
are lowered
65
6.
index
to
to form
a planting
hole.
The seedling planter of claim 1 and
plate
rotate
extended
is
it
provided
with
hydraulic
horizontally between
positions.
said
wherein
cylinder
said
means
retracted
and
4278035
12
11
7.
The seedling planter of claim 6 and
hydraulic
der pivoted
means
pivot
on
said
and
means
tion
when
cylin-
said
discharge
having
a
rod
piston
and
slidably
upstanding
rotat-
5
The seedling planter of claim 6 and wherein said
to
rotate
the tray
means in steps comprises
spaced
ratchet
carousel seedling
coupled
said
to
tray
and
retraction
to
9.
pawl
by
on
and
with
the periphery
hydraulic cylinder
index
said
contact
13.
to
with
in registry
is
depending
from
and
located
said
being
said
opening and means to
means substantially
out of
when
index
said
form
planting
a
and
plate
means
auger
hole.
The seedling planter of claim 12 and wherein
plate
rotate
it
is
at
plate
between
discharge
scraping blade
to
retractable
index
the
with
provided
hydraulic
horizontally between
retracted
said
means
cylinder
and extended
positions.
14.
plate
means.
15
means.
The
10.
ground
index
The seedling planter of claim 8 and wherein said
means is resiliently connected
to said
hydraulic
cylinder
said
10
responsive
teeth
extension cycles of
said
said
means movably
means and being
ratchet
said
of
means and
elevate
are lowered
pawl
cylinder
hydraulic
drivingly engageable
performed
teeth
means
distance
radial
auger
vertical
means
evenly
said
seedling
opening.
scraping blade means
means.
shaft
a containerized
The seedling planter of claim 11 and
12.
piston
means on the index plate
shaft
with said last-named
ably engaged
8.
vertical
a hydraulic
comprises
frame
said
to
rod upstanding
and
means
cylinder
said
wherein
The seedling planter of claim 13 and wherein
index
plate
is
means
to
spaced
levels
with
provided
move
between
vertically
it
on
further hydraulic
first-named
said
said
vertically
means.
shaft
vertical
said
cylinder
soil
The seedling planter of claim 14 and extensible
blade means carried by said frame means
packing
and
located adjacent
15.
of
seedling planter
1
claim
wherein
said
subse-hydraulic
index
to
is
plate
rotate
with
provided
hydraulic
horizontally between
it
cylinder
20
means
retracted and extended
means to extend
-
the
to
said
of the planting hole and
site
blade
packing
means
the
against
hy-standing
positions
said
hydraulic
cylinder
cylinder
pivoted
to
means
comprising
soil
means and
frame
said
a
adjacent
quent
to
the planting
to
the delivery
hole immediately
of the seedling
into
planting
said
pro-means
rod upstanding vertical
the index plate
and pivot means on
having
a piston
and
slidably
vertical
to
the
rotate
with
tile
pawl
said
said
ratchet
means
pawl
the periphery
on
rotatably
vertical
means
teeth
of
said
means
toward
and
of
mounted
shaft
from the ratchet
movement
means
teeth
upstanding
biasing
rod
piston
last-named
hole.
25
on
last-
30
means
teeth
to
disengage
responsive
teeth
during
to
lowering
raising
35
extension
with
cooperating
yieldable detent
yieldably hold the carousel tray
means
in
means
stepped
to
water
plate
plate
injection
reaches
soil
40
posi-
45
50
55
60
65
for
extending
around
first
then
packing
to
for
a
position
to
into
blade
said
means and
as
then
rotating
activating
period
position
the seedling and then
blade means.
plate
then
means
brief
container
the packing
means.
timed
dig the planting hole
auger
extended
extended
its
blade
15 and
rotating the index
and
means
said
said
energizing the auger
plate
plate
to said
the seedling from
then
to
planter of claim
the index
the index
the index
retrac-
movement
of the index plate.
11. The seedling planter of claim 1 and wherein
said
rotatable
carousel tray means and said frame means are
provided
gramming means
retracted position
said
the pawl
connected
The-seedling
17.
driving engagement
means
the
operatively
tray
the
spring
piston rod by allowing
to drivingly engage
said
The seedling planter of claim 15 and wherein said
blade extension means comprises a further
draulic cylinder carried by said frame means and being
16.
packing
up-
means and wherein said means
means in steps comprises
evenly
means
pawl
named
said
said
on
shaft
tray
ratchet
spaced
on
rotatably engaged
means
shaft
said
the index
whereby to expel
the planting
means
retracting
to
hole
compress
the packing
VERTICAL SPAR GUYING
EXAMINATION
OF FORCES
A BRIEF
main-Logging
John
Warner
J.
to the skyline or high-lead
line only.
Line weight and
sheave friction have no bearing
on the problem.
Specialist
Alaska Region
Dennis
J.
Caird
Logging Specialist
Southwestern Region
analy-Pacific
Virgil
RIGGING
BinkZey
Specialist
Northwest Region
ARRANGEMENTS
W.
Logging
When working with guyline
sis or design with vertical
spars three basic situations
are encountered
drum-The
com-resultant
Devon
B.
Visual
Nickerson
Simulations
Arizona
Inc.
free-of
Glendale.
1.
Portable yarder/spar
combinations
distance from
set to spar is fixed by machine
guyline system for vertical
metal or wooden spars and tail
trees is designed to resist the
horizontal component
force generated by the tensioned operating
lines as they
change direction at the spar or
tail tree.
This is a complex
because
the magnitude and
problem
direction of this horizontal component changes with the geometry
of the setup.
a feel
Developing
for the magnitude and direction
of the horizontal component is
essential to predicting
location and distribution
of guylines both for the
and the woods worker.
DESCRIPTION
assump-tion
The
satis-factory
design.
2.
Wood spar/yarder
binations
rigged tree or
standing metal spar with
separate sled- or trailer-mounted
drumset that can be located at
varying distances from the spar.
Tail
3.
or lift trees
standing trees at the back of
skyline setting away from the
yarder used to provide
to
the
a
elevation
skyline.
sky-an
as-resultant
design-er
By making a simplifying
and examining three common
rigging arrangements sufficient
to give
examples can be developed
idea of what is happening
to
the horizontal component of the
force during various
of
types
spar loading.
OF GEOMETRY
skyline is broken into two
segments for analysis
figure 1.
One segment describes the
line from the support or spar to
the anchor or drumset.
The
sociated vertical
angle measured
from the horizontal is called
the back vertical
angle of the
The other segment
skyline.
scribes the skyline from the
support or spar to the setting
and generates
the front vertical
angle of the skyline.
Vertical
angles are visualized
from the
top of the spar or support.
de-BASIC
ASSUMPTION
To
keep the-problem simple and
easy to visualize we have limited the possible operating
lines
17
Angle
-
Angle
Back
Vert Angle
of Skyline
Rngle
I
Front
Sýy
Vert Angle
of Skyline
v
CY
v
L
0
0
Drum or
Anchor
N
COMBINA-the
Figure
plan view the direction of
skyline segment from the spar
or support to the anchor or drum
is called theback
azimuth of the
The direcskyline figure 2.
tion of the skyline segment from
the spar or support to the turn
or setting is called the front
azimuth of the skyline.
These
azimuths are also visualized
from
the top of the spar or support.
In
the discussion
that follows
are
used
to
graphs
display the
and
direction
of the
magnitude
horizontal component of the
force generated by the
tensioned skyline
or mainline
in the case of high-lead spars
for the three basic rigging arRemember that the
rangements.
vertical component of force the
compression load is accepted
by
the spar itself.
In
re-sultant
18
1.
CASE
1
PORTABLE
YARDER/SPAR
TIONS
A unique
feature of portable
combinations
is the
yarder/spar
fixed distance from the drumset
to the spar.
In most cases this
vertical
a
back
provides
angle of
the skyline of more than 80.
In
this discussion the back
angle is assumed to be 80.
verti-cal
STRAIGHT
LEAD
For the first example examine a
combination
set up in
yarder/spar
lead.
In
the
view
straight
plan
drum set is at
azimuth and
the skyline
headed toward the
turn is at 180 azimuth.
0
SL
0
A
o
Hack
Az-.
of
Support
Skyline
L
0 0
L
0
N
.
E 0
7 C
approxi-of
LM
Figure
2.
direc-the
Figure 5 expresses the magnitude
the resultant horizontal component as a percent of skyline
load.
The back vertical angle of
the skyline is fixed at
and
front vertical angle is allowed to vary through a 100
As might be expected
the
range.
maximum horizontal force on the
top of the spar is generated with
the tensioned skyline horizontal
and amounts to about 82 percent
of skyline tension.
At steep
yarding angles the horizontal
80
component
mately 48
tension.
reduces
percent
to
of skyline
Figure 6 illustrates the
tion azimuth of the resultant
force.
In a straight
lead the
direction of the resultant does
not change as the front vertical
angle of the skyline changes.
The load is always directly away
from the drumset at an azimuth of
180.
Back
of
50
Az
Skyline
0
Az
Drum
Back
Vert
Support
Angle of
Skyline
-50
-80
Support
Drum
180
Az
Front
Az
of
Figure
3.
Skyline
Figure
4.
19
Front RzT
-r
T
T
Rz- 0
Vert Rngle
X-Hack
198r T
Back
180
T T
T
of Skyline
T T T
T T
-r
-r
T
i
i
i
i
i
i
-r
-r
1801-
C
1701-
C
1601-
E 0
O v
150
i
1-
C
pH
1-
1301-
N
-
C
i
I.
1401-
o 1201-
O
i
1-
C
i
1-
1101-
i
i
1-
Y
2 1
O
I
y-
100
3c
701-
C
601-
a
E
C
ý
i
1-
50L
i
It
1-
LO
a
i
1-
801-
O
O
i
i
i
901-
c
a
1-
i
i
i
i
i
1X-
1401-
i
1-
101-
i
i
1-
0
1
UI
.
i
I
CO
L9
1
ru
I
-.
Figure
LEAD
ý-
f9
Front Vertical
SQUARE
-80
i
1-
301201-
O
1
i
I-
Rngle
ru
m
of
a
t9
U
m
Skyline
5.
tension as the front vertical
For a yarder/spar
angle varies.
combination
with an 80 back
vertical
skyline angle the
magnitude varies from a little
over 65 percent of skyline
sion at steep yarding angles to
around 102 percent of skyline
tension when the yarding angle
The direction of
is horizontal.
this force varies about
as
vertical
various
front
skyline
figure
angles are examined
and it is always inside the right
angle described by the front and
back skyline azimuths.
ten-example
0
If you talk to a yarder engineer
he will tell you that a square
lead pulls harder.
For our
assume the drumset is
at an azimuth of
as before
but the azimuth of the front
segment of the skyline is at 90.
Figure 8 shows the variation in
magnitude of the horizontal component of the resultant force.in
of skyline
terms of percentage
20
5
9
.
o
N/
d
r
Xi
W m1
iý i i
i i i i
T
M mT
A
w
.
iý ia
iý
i
J
ip i i
A.
fi
0
4
T
f
f
T
N
/
4
N 61 T
M
A.
T
4
4
4
T
A mT
4
T
t
ff
W mT
4
4
.-.--.
N mT
.--
T
ý
Rzimuth
61
mT
m
f
T
J4.4.
1
T
W mT
1
f
T
Mm T
V
Resultant
M
1
ff
1
s
T
T
l
T
f
T
l
i
T
t11
A
T
1
T
T
4.
1
T
W
T
N mT
A.
.-----
1
4
T
T
.
m
1
1
iii
T
09-
0-
2b-
-1
O
01
0j-
d
0
02
ma
0s
a
a
0-
09
vN
-h
N
o
.O
C
N
0
ý
CA
JN
fD
N N
Front Rz- T T -
Back
Vert Rngle
X-Back
Igor -
90
T T
- T
T
Rz- 0
of Skyline
T T T
T T T
i
i
i
i
i
i
T
T
1801I-
1701-
c
I
h
C
E
O
V
i
1601-
C
oo
150
h
i
e140h
C
1301h
i
c
o
N
L
o
o
C
ýc
1201h
4
0 c
701-
o
--
C
CD
o
o
L
i
i
i
4Xi
i
h
p
401-
i
i
i
i
h
i
h
301201-
0
h
i
101h
i
cn
.0
W
ru
rd
Front Vertical
Rngle
Figure
SUMMARY
YARDER/SPAR
COMBINATIONS
can be inferred then about
combinations
guying yarder/spar
What
1.
A straight lead produces
the smallest horizontal load for
a given range of vertical
angles.
When rigged in square
lead horizontal loads at the
or
top of the spar will approach
exceed the skyline tension as the
front vertical
skyline angle
approaches
horizontal.
2.
the
22
-80
i
h
50
CC
i
601-
Eao
r
i
h
901h
801-
i
i
1101-
100
i
i
I-
3.
The load at the top of
spar is in the same direction
8.
of
ca
.
Skyline
cn
the skyline in straight lead
and is at least 100 inside the
spar when rigged in square lead.
that a guyline set
it follows
behind
the skyline in
directly
lead
is
still
at least 10
square
from
the load
opposing
away
truly
the
tower.
on
imposed
as
4.
The maximum horizontal
component of the resultant force
occurs when the front segment of
the skyline is horizontal.
the location
5.
Changing
the back guys occasionally
while yarding through a quarter
will help to oppose the resultant
load more efficiently.
of
Front Rz190f
1-
Vert.
X-Back
T
T T
T T
90
T
r
T T
Back
Rngle
T T
Rz- 0
of Skyline
T T
T T T T
T
a
a
4
a
a
i
a
a
i
a
i
18011701-
a
1-
1601-
a
1-
150
i
1-
1401-
4
1-
1301-
N
E
1
Q
4
C
M
0
Ix
1201-
a
1-
1101-
a
1001-
a
1-
901-
4
8011-
701-
i
501-
-1
1-
50
i
1-
a
i
a
1-
401-
4
1-
i
301201-
4
1-
101-
0
4
i
1-
I
.
i
A
m
W
0
I
N
m
I
I
m
Front Vertical
l9
2
WOOD SPAR/YARDER
-
N
0
19
Rngle
Figure
CASE
1
of
W
0
.
0
ui
0
Skyline
9.
COMBINATIONS
above
Using the process developed
for portable spar/yarder
combinations we can investigate the
magnitude and direction of the
horizontal component of the
force in rigged trees with
separated drumsets.
resul-tant
For a worst-case situation such
as might occur on a restricted
landing a back vertical
skyline
.mainlin angle of 501 is
As before we
figure 10.
will let the front vertical
angle
vary between plus and minus 50.
as-sumed
50
Front
Vert
Angle
of
Skyline
-50
Back
Vert
Angl a
of
-50
Skyline
Drum
Support
Figure
10.
23
Back
STRAIGHT
Az
LEAD
Skyline
of
0
0
With the drums at
azimuth and
the skyline
mainline
at 180 azimuth figure 11.
the following
graph is obtained
Az
straight-away
Drum
compo-Support
sky-line
resultant horizontal
with the back vertical
varies
angle fixed at
from zero when the front
angle is either plus or minus
to about 35 percent of
tension when the front
vertical
angle of the skyline is
zero horizontal figure 12.
The
nent
180
Az
Front
Az
verti-cal
50
sky-line
of Skyline
Figure
11.
Front Rz190
r
T
T
50
XBack
T T T
T
Back
180
Rz- 0
Vert Rngle
F
T T
of Skyline
T T T T
T T T T
T
T
a
a
180F
170F
1601
C
O
C
0
F
i
i
4
E o 150
F
0 v
e 1401
a
4
a
i
4
a
a
4
aI 1301
1
C
O
N
4
01201
C
F
i
- 1101
oY 1001
F
U
901
4
I
O
.
O
F
4
801
a
0 c
701
C
80F
i
F
i
C
z
C
ti
O
O
O
L
O
CL
o
F
50
4
1
a
i
401
F
a
F
i
301-
201
F
4
101
0
i
F
i
I
CA
I
m
W
1
to
M
m
1
1
ý-
Front Vertical
m
.
m
Angle
Figure
24
7
i
12.
N
of
W
m
.
m
Skyline
CA
m
-50
il-assume
What
direction
does
the
force
would
not
visible.
For
shown a
sloping line between the 90 and
1800 azimuth.
When the front
vertical
skyline angle becomes
less than the back vertical
angle regardless of algebraic
sign the direction of the
sultant immediately switches from
to
or toward the
test angle.
No shock load is
apparent
during this seemingly
violent transition because the
magnitude of the resultant is
zero figure 12.
be
lustration we have
This
situation
is impossible to
clearly in figure 13
flat-are
display
re-resultant.
because
when
the front and back
skyline angles are equal
in straight lead there is no
The forces are either
all compressive
when both angles
negative
or neutral when
the front angle is positive.
On
the graph this would be dislines up and
played as vertical
down the -50 and 50 axes and
vertical
0
180
150a
Front Az-
X-Back
I90r T
T T T T
Hack
180
Vert..
T T T
T
Rz- 0
Angle of Skyline
T
1
T T T
r
1801
1701
1
1601
T T
T
4
1
a
a
i
i
r
i
1
a
1
1401
1
1301
1201
4
4
1
Q
0
C
4-1
e
4
r
1101
1001
901
801
1
1
01
4
a
4X4
4
ra
i
1
601
50
i
1
i
-
1
401
4
1
A
4
101
a
4
301
201
1
0
-50
-1
1
A
1
i
I
Ln
I
.A
W
I
N
I
-
-
I
Front Vertical
Rngle
Figure
M
of
W
.
UI
Skyline
13.
25
re-case
straight-lead yarding with a
separated drumset an extreme
may be encountered when
downhill logging or when landing
logs close to the base of the
tree.
The magnitude of the front
vertical
skyline angle can exceed the back vertical
angle.
This causes the azimuth of the
to switch toward the
drumset since the back vertical
skyline angle is now the flattest
Again no shock load is
angle.
introduced because the magnitude
of the resultant is very small
during the transition.
In
must resist.
the resultant
vealing
The
direction
is also very
of
spar feels a force pushing
toward an azimuth of
for
equal front and back vertical
angles through about 57 when
the skyline is horizontal
In other words if
ure 16.
suddenly cut loose the spar
would tend to fall between the
log slip and the yarder.
The
45
it
fig-resultant
SQUARE LEAD
the previous 50 back
angle and placing the
system in square lead with the
azimuth and the front
drums at
segment of the skyline at 90
azimuth figure
what occurs
Assuming
vertical
0
14
The magnitude of the resultant
horizontal component varies from
90 percent of skyline tension
when the magnitude of front and
to
back vertical
angles are
nearly 120 percent of skyline
tension when the skyline is horiBecause of
zontal figure 15.
the separated drumset this system
definitely pulls harder in
square lead at least when considering the force the guylines
50
Back
of
Drum
26
COMBINATIONS
Guying a wooden tree is
significantly different from
guying a portable spar/yarder
combination
because the load the
feels
can come from the
spar
front side or back of the spar
direction changes from
as yarding
straight to square lead and as
the front vertical
angles change
during each yarding and landing
cycle.
1.
load-bearing
90
Figure
WOOD SPAR/YARDER
Because of this a more
uniform guyline arrangement is
necessary than for the portable
combination since
spar/yarder
side front or front-quarter
guys may become primary
guys as a square lead is
approached or when landing logs.
Az
Support
SUMMARY
2.
Az
Skyline
0
Flatter back vertical angles
For
this problem.
accentuate
instance a square-lead setup
with a 10back vertical
angle
a resultant force
generates
toward an azimuth of only 33 if
the front vertical
angle is 50.
The correct placement of the
guylines is
primary load-bearing
case
intuitive
in
this
hardly
14.
Az
Front
of
Az
Skyline
3.
It follows that guy
anchor selection can be more
there may be
Indeed
critical.
in which
to
no safe quadrant
hide a questionable anchor or
Front AzX-Hack
190
r
T
T
T T
T
T
90
Back
Rz- 0
Vert Angle
of Skyline
T T T T
T T T
T T T
t
T
4
T
4
1801c
1701
C
1601-
0
4
1-
E o
O v e
C
aH
I
I
O
.
N
.
O
0 c
O
C O
19
L
CL
4
4
1-
1301-
o 1201-
O
4
4
4
1-
1401-
-
C
4
1501
N
O
4
1-
c
4
1-
1101-
4
1-
4
100
4X-
9011-
4
801-
4
701-
4
1-
601-
50
C
4C
e
$
4
4
1-
4
4
4
4
401-
4
1-
301-
2011-
101-
0
-50
4
1-
1-
a
1
1-
1
m
ill
I
m
4h.
1
1
a1
ru
9
l9
-ý
4
4
4
W
1
m
Front Vertical
Figure
m
t9
Angle
ru
m
of
m
.
cn
t9
Skyline
15.
fol-the
get by with an excessively
guyline angle.
steep
An operator should
weigh the possibility of moving
the yarder as leads change in
order to lessen the magnitude of
horizontal component of the
resultant force.
4.
increase ground clearance
lateral yarding easier.
to make
Established
state logging safety
codes limit some of the cable
For the
geometry at tail trees.
of
this
example the
purpose
lowing assumptions which are
within the tolerances of current
state logging safety codes are
made.
fig-in
CASE
Tail
3
TAIL OR LIFT TREES
or lift trees are employed
skyline yarding to elevate the
skyline at the back end of the
setting to provide additional
deflection
to improve skyline
load-carrying capability and to
The vertical
angle of
skyline from the tail tree to
skyline anchor is 301
1.
the
the
ure
17.
2.
The
front of the
the setting
skyline azimuth in
tail tree towards
is
0
figure 18.
27
-.
150i
100i
Front Az-
X-Hack
1
9 Or
T
T
h
90
Vert.
T T T
T
T T
Hack
Rz- 0
Angle of
T
T
Skyline
T T T
T T T
T
T
i
18OE
-I
i
i
1701-
i
1-
1601-
1-
i
1-
1401-
-
h
-
1301-
a
1201-
i
1-
1101-
i
1-
4
1-
4
-1
i
4X4
i
i
901-
a
e
0
1
i
i
1-
801701-
i
6011-
i
1-
501401-
i
1-
301201-
a
1-
4
101-
i
1-
0
W
.
I
I
UI
I
.
m
N
m
1
I
Front Vertical
m
Il9
N
Angle of
Figure
GJ
.
Ui
Skyline
16.
Az
Front
30
Front
Vert
Angle
of
Skyline
of
Skyline
0
Az
-----300
--------Back
Vert
Angle of
Skyline
50
Support
Anchor
Support
172
Anchor
Back
Az
Az
of Skyline
Figure
28
17.
Figure
18.
-50
The
3.
back
azimuth of the
angle could approach
500.
The
resultant force is pushing on
the tail tree toward an azimuth
of 150 or only 30 away from
being pushed straight over
ward.
As the load proceeds
toward the landing the front
vertical
When
angle changes.
the front vertical
angle of the
the
skyline reaches horizontal
tail tree feels a force toward
an azimuth of 40
figure 19.
back-figure
skyline from the tail tree to
the skyline anchor
is 172.
In
other words the anchor is 8
out
of line with the
skyline
18.
4.
The front vertical
angle
of the skyline will not exceed
50
figure 17.
Using these assumptions and
tracking the situation from log
pick-up to landing what force
does the tail tree
and
from what direction
This azimuth is only 40 from
pulling the tail tree straight
over frontward.
In other words
during any yarding cycle the
tail tree can feel both
ward and backward pulls.
If the
front-tail
feel
When
a turn
is
up near
picked
tree the front vertical
the
Front AzX-Back
19Or T
T T T T
1
Vert.
T T
Back
0
T T
Rz-
Angle of
T T T
172
Skyline
T
T T T
T
T
4
1
i
I
a
1
1
I
a
4
4X4
a
i
4
i
4
18Oý
17Of
1601
4
I-
1
a
1501
1401
1
1301
1201
1
1
4
1
N
Q
11
C
4
e
1101
4
1001
901
801
701
601
4
1
50
-30
4
1
f
401
301
201
1
4
1
i
-4
1
-1
101
i
i
1
A
I
.
I
W
I
N
1
-
Front Vertical
-.
m
lD
Angle
Figure
N
of
CA
.
at
Skyline
19.
29
vertical
angle to a high of
25 percent of skyline
tension
when the front vertical
angle is
maximum
501
at a
of
yarding
from directly in front of the
tail tree.
Another high point
of about 18 percent of skyline
tension occurs when the skyline
is horizontal
figure 20.
out-of-line with the
skyline as in our example
there is also a force component
trying to push the tail tree
over sideways.
anchor
is
verti-angle
deter-we
Using the same geometry we can
examine the magnitude of the
resultant force on the tail tree.
For the
30 back
and the
skyline vertical
misalignment
have assumed the magnitude of
the horizontal resultant varies
from a low of about 12 percent
of skyline tension when the
front vertical
angle is balanced
in magnitude with the back vertical
angle regardless of the
algebraic sign of the front
The
magnitude of the back
angle of the skyline
mines when the maximum resultant
load occurs.
When the back
vertical
angle is steep the
maximum force occurs when the
front vertical
angle approaches
horizontal and the tree is being
pulled forward into the setting.
Conversely when the back
8
cal
verti-Front
Rz-
X-Back
190
r
T
T
T T T
0
Back
Vert Angle
T T
T T
T
Rz-
172
of Skyline
T T T
T T T T
T
4
a
4
i
4
C
1701-
C
1601-
4
a
1-
E 0 150
o v
14011-
-4
f
1-
C
i
i
1-
1301-
c
o 1201-
N
-
o
c
Y
_ n
O
O
o
a
i
f
8011-
f
4.
f
i
a
i
1
1-
401-
f
301-
i
f
1-
101-
f
f
4Xi
1-
UI
A
to
W
m
R
m
.
m
Front Vertical
Figure
30
i
4
1-
201-
I
f
f
1-
50
f
1-
CC
i
4
4
F
601-
O
0
a
i
901-
C
e
f
1001-
701-
O
o
4
1-
1101-
0 C
1
i
18011-
.
m
R
m
Angle of
20.
W
m
-N
m
Skyline
UI
m
-30
cal angle is flat the maximum
force occurs when picking
up a
turn from directly in front of
the tree at which time the
front vertical
angle is maximum.
The tree is being pushed over
backward toward the anchor.
SUMMARY
TAIL OR LIFT
TREES
lateral forces on the tree and
simplifies the guying problem.
5.
The maximum horizontal
load on a tail tree occurs either
when the back skyline vertical
angle is steep and the front
segment of the skyline is
or when the back vertical
is
flat and the front
angle
vertical
angle is steep as when
in
picking
up a load immediately
front of the tail tree.
hori-zontal
in-this
en-2.
1.
Four guylines spaced
uniformly around the tail tree
should be employed whenever
yarding activities will generate
a wide range of front skyline
vertical
In some states
angles.
is a requirement.
The back vertical
angle
of the skyline and the range of
possible front vertical
angles
should be taken into account
when guying a lift tree with
The possionly two guylines.
bility of putting the guys on
the wrong side of the tree is
very real.
3.
It might be helpful to
consider selecting
tail or lift
trees beyond the area to be
This has the effect of
yarded.
minimizing the range of front
vertical skyline angles experienced while yarding the entire
setting thereby simplifying the
guying problem.
CONCLUSIONS
The foregoing discussion
is
tended to give the logging
gineer or woods foreman a sense
for the direction and magnitude
of the horizontal loads imposed
on various types of spars or
These horizontal
supports.
loads must be resisted by the
Ideal guying
guyline system.
situations are seldom found in a
cable logging operation but
careful attention to the general
observations
made should help
avoid problems and make the best
of the situations we face.
with limited or
questionable
guyline anchors
When
faced
unusually tall spars high
tensions limited
operating
yarder positions or artificial
anchor designs a more detailed
See
analysis may be helpful.
Vertical Spar Guyline Force
Analysis Using a Desktop
D. Nickerson
U.S. Forest
Service Region
for
12/80
such
one
analysis technique.
Compu-anchor
worth some extra
effort to select a skyline
as in-line with the skyline as possible.
This minimizes the magnitude of the
4.
It
is
ter
6
31
REST SEt
U S
ENTOFA6RK
TO READERS OF
INVITATION
NOTES
FIELD
reader
Every
is
author of an article for Field Notes.
a potential
we
If
you
have a news
item or short
respec-tive
informa-tive
article
Field
in
would
you
like to
share with Service engineers
the Washington
to
Regional Office to see that
and of
interest
vary from
news
you
to
send
for publication
it
Notes.
Material submitted
may
invite
items are
to
ideally
7113.
The
typewritten
of
length
be
submitted
material
short
articles
Office should
drawings
original
by the
accurate
pages however
the Washington
to
should
illustrations
all
FSM
several
submitted
All material
preferred.
and
double-spaced
sentences
short
be reviewed
current timely technically
is
Service Engineers
Forest
to
several
Office for publication should
the information
be
glossy
or
typed
prints
or
negatives.
Field
Area
list
to
Notes
distributed
is
ask
your Office Manager
increase
from
from
the
number
the Washington
Field
personnel
their
Regional
the Washington
Forests and Forest
Headquarters
of
or
Office
Service
the Regional
copies sent to
you
all
Regional
not currently
are
Copies of
Data
back
Station
Systems
issues
are
and
on the mailing
Coordinator
also
available
Office.
should submit
material
for
publication
or
questions
concerning
Field
Notes
to
Coordinators
Wood
Larry
Bruesch
R-4
Ted
R-2
Mike
Clinton
R-5
Paul
Stutes
R-3
Juan Gomez
R-6
Kjell
Bakke
R-8
Tom
problems
If
Engineering Technical
your office.
R-1
Coordinators
to
directly
retirees.
should
direct
questions
concerning
R-9
Mujeebul
R-10
Fred Baxandall
WO
Al
Hasan
Colley
Vanderpool
format editing
publishing
dates
and
other
to
Forest
Service-USDA
Engineering
Staff
Attn Gordon
P.O.
L.
RP-E
Rome
Bldg
Editor
Box 2417
Washington
Telephone
D.C.
20013
Area Code
703
235-8198
33
OpEST SERVq
U4s
EMT ofAiRK
INGIIýý
L7ý
September/
Volume
13
October
1981
Number 7
Engineering
Field
Notes