ENGINEERING
r
TECHNICAL
ir
FIELD
NOTES
TECHNICAL REPORTS
DATA RETRIEVAL
INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
SYSTEM
VOLUME
Notes
Field
Computer
Design
Into
Its
$
1
1
Own
NUMBER
Major
in the Analysis
and
Culverts
Modernization of the Field Design
Procedure
Washington Office News
FOREST SERVICE
D
FEBRUARY
SEgyq
UýS
U.S.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
1976
SERyq
REST
U S
WOF
FIELD NOTES
ENGINEERING
Volume
Number 2
8
1976
February
This
monthly newsletter
is
for distribution to employees of the
published
of Agriculture-Forest Service and its retirees only. The
Department of Agriculture assumes no responsibility for the interpretation
U.S. Department
or use
The
of this information
use
of trade
convenience
of
the
reader.
conclusion
product or
service
in
text
the
author
respective
of the
engineering
aiot
intended
exclusion
publication
technicians
should
not
the
as
or policy
in
is
for the
the
information
personal
opinions
by
however
U.S.
FOREST SERVICE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Washington D.C.
20250
the
references.
engineers
this
exclusively for engineers.
of
or approved
FSM
all
of any
suitable.
recommended
except
and
official
or approval
publication
read each issue
an
constitute
which may be
of others
instructions
employees.
endorsement
represents
of material
type
own
does
and must not be construed
procedures mandatory
Because
use
recommendation
the
to
Such
its
names
firm or corporation
evaluation
The
by other than
and
publication
is
HYDRAULIC
OF CULVFIS
ANALYSIS
-
Input Data
Form
Designer
Date
Project
and Channel
Hydrologic
Flood Frequence
Design
Check
Flood Frequence
in
YR1
YR2
years
years
in
Sketch
Information
Station
Elev.
Q1
c.f.e.
Q2
c.f.s.
1
2
3
4
NO.
5
6
1
2
3
4
Elev.
feet
1
7
8
9
10
12
11
1
11 15
16
17
1819120121122123
24
1
25126127
PROBLEM
CARD
ft/ft
o
L
Elev.
feet
TW2.
CARD
TM
feet
Th11
ft.
HW
NO.
5
2812913013
2 33
34
36
10
14
1
43
W
4S
16
Q
9
52
1
53
D1
IDENTIFICATION
9
10
1 1
12
1
SLOPE
OF PIPE
14
15
16
17
18
19
LENGTH
OF PIPE
L
Sc
back
YEARS
DESIGN
2 0 21
2223
2125
26
29 30
6
38
40
1
42
43
45 44
47
50
1
j1t233
See
55
2
8
CULVERT
CODE
54
02
of the
input
data
DESIGN
DISCHARGE
Ql
ALLOWABLE
HEADWATER
ARw
form
Figure
1.
- Input Data Form.
DESIGN
CHECK
TAILWATER
DISCHARGE
TW1
Q2
CHECK
TAILWATER
TW2
5
4
COMPUTER PROGRAM TO AID IN THE
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MAJOR CULVERTS
Neal
Mason
L.
Engineering Technician
Region 9
The
ideal
program
for
designing
highway
most economical type i.e. circular
condition.
This computer program
do the calculations needed
The program
this
Charts
by
replaced
for
the hydraulic
on principles
the Selection
mathematical
of
interested in investigating.
discussed
equations
in
Design procedures
in
explained
any
Analysis of Pipe-Arch
Hydraulic
Analysis of Circular
These sub-routines were
of
the
these
Center.
and
sub-routine
following
originally
Culverts
individual
as
into one
such
which
program
At the Center
it
is
the
program
and used
programs developed
has
of Engineering Bridge
been
converted
functions
possible to conveniently
as
a
for use
at
a
We
Section.
the
Fort
Demand
analyze
Bureau
by the
Time Share
number of different
Collins
NEW FEATURES OF THE PROGRAM
The computer
The
New
is
a
will
date the output.
new improved
input
data sheet
Affairs input sheet will work.
design frequencies
documentation
fig.
1
although
the old Bureau
of
can be input.
sets complete documentation
available.
1
books and users
guides
of
have
terminal
applications.
Indian
5
have
in this circular
Culverts
U.S. Department of Interior Division
Affairs
There
No.
Engineering Circular
Hydraulic
site
used
Box Culverts
Analysis of
application
is
Highway Culverts. The nomographs
Hydraulic
Computer
site
the computer to
based on hydrologic data
analysis of different culverts
Hydraulic
incorporated
any
for
books
documentation
Indian
goal by using
and the
size
box
selecting the most economical installation.
in
are based
program
Hydraulic
been
for
pipe-arch
length
culvert
structural plate or concrete
directed toward this ultimate
and type of culvert the designer
conditions
in
used
is
is
would compute
culverts
are
culvert
and
All constants
check
for local
have been stored
coefficients
the
in
new
computer
users
may
suitability.
PROGRAMLIMITATIONS
This program works with one culvert type
with
little
additional
input
while
time but
a
at
will
the same job
retaining
still
calculate other types
title.
corruga-tions.
At the present time the pipe-arch
on the 2-2/3
It
also
x
1/2
utilizes
culvert routine
corrugations
the
and
of the routines will select
Final selection
provided
for
of a culvert
is
left
with
of the
based
culverts
only design
plates
dimensions
old fabricated
anticipated that these will be changed
Each
will
and structural
6
x
2
smaller pipes.
It
is
over in the near future.
print out
the
data
for
three or four culverts.
based on the calculated
up to the designer
output
him.
FUTURE PROPOSALS
Add
additional
pipe
sizes
and the recently changed
pipe
sizes
the
to
pipe-arch
culvert routine.
Add
a
new
routine
which
will
consider
routine which will give a printed
the
3
x
1
plot of an energy
corrugations.
curve
Possibly add a
gradient
through
any
given culvert.
Should you desire copies of sample output and/or
send your request to
further information
U.S. Forest Service
Engineering Staff Group
633 West Wisconsin Avenue
Milwaukee Wisconsin
Attn Neal L. Mason
or call
414224-1373
2
or
53203
FTS
362-1373.
on
this
program
please
INTO
OWN
ITS
MODERNIZATION OF THE FIELD DESIGN PROCEDURE
Paul Standing
Engineering Technician
Civil
Lolo National
Forest
Region
The Western
some
single
Timber Forests are currently faced
with
the difficult
and construction
over
the
of design
degree
control
now
purpose system road development mileage
a series
of
brought
1
new developments
the
procedure
the field design
into
its
own
as
a
increase
involved
officially
Section
Preconstruction
of the
modern day
task
engineering
voluminous
in
of providing
standard
of low
timbersales.
Lolo
National
tool
engineering
Through
Forest
has
to deal with this
increase.
THE PROCED URE
The procedure
WANG
built
is
around an electronic
data
EDP
processing
program
I
designed
for
the
720C desk top computer and provides
More
office
design options
cost
Improved
estimates
quantities
average
Quality
plans
to the engineers
actual
design
quantities
are available
as
opposed
to
from tables or charts
and
specifications
from
output
the
computer
more
provides
detailed job characteristics
con-struction
Realistic
plans
review
enables a higher
level
review of design
intent prior to
staking
EDP
design sheets actual stakeout
More
This
formalized
program has
number
Rod
1.
Centerline
2.
Slopes cut and
This program was
Section
a
construction
and
is
designed
currently
notes for construction
inspection
of variables that
or
staking
and control aided
raise
it
by
all
and
of the
above.
above the limited entry type of programs
-
fill
by Robert M. Herron
of the Lolo National
Forest Preconstruction
being written for the Fort Collins Computer Center
3
FCCC.
The
3.
Templates widths ditch widening
4.
Shrink-swell
5.
Clearing limits
contains
printout
etc.
earthwork
a wealth
of information
the designer cost estimator and construction
for
inspector. It includes
Mass
and embankment quantities
Excavation
Clearing acreage
Catch points and
Prints input
See
A
new
The book
2.
instructions
field
1
book entitled Class
field
exhibit
for
identification
WANG
input to the
is
use
its
i.e. percent
information
exhibit
III
side
Field
Survey
Notes
program. See
and features
pages
clearing density of each page and a guide for
guidelines for estimating
See
of soils.
exhibits
3 4
list
1
it
and 5. This book
program with only minor additional
serves as a
and
more meaningful
less skilled
permitting
the designer
provides
estimator
a
more
slide-tape
complete
Survey
each
orientation
presentation
With
a
all
without
picture
It raises
same
This
a full scale
options
by providing
the construction
transfer
the
basic
-
Field Design for
Preconstruction
The handbook
III
see
contains
Survey and how
information
printout
Low
Section
in
to
design
a
make
cost
as
with
only a minor increase
of work
the higher
actual
without
class
quantities
sacrificing
in
cost by
quality.
It
surveys and gives the cost
and a higher
caliber of
inspector to the same
level
as
other jobs
his
notes to better control his part of the job.
program
is
being
WANG program
complete program now
generally produced
thing to do.
four
Lolo
do a Class
improved information
vastly
book. The majority of the program
class.
to
staking.
with most of the
by providing him stakeout
A
to
employees to do a larger percentage
information.
classification
up
Survey
III
and Design.
Survey
on how
set
is
work.
use of the field and computer
effective
procedure provides
entire
for Class III
detailed instructions
and construction
estimation
This
handbook
needed
of equipment
removable
has
The procedure is guided by a report entitled Computer Class
Standard Road Development by James P. Rice also of the
exhibit
slopes.
fill
WANG
used with the
is
on waterproof paper
printed
and
cut
slope station
put together
is
on
identification
Class III
exists.
to
The
provide
handbook
old
instruction on the
of soil class with closeup
Class III Field
procedure of
field
Book
design
at
Class III
slides
of
and
slide
its
best
cast self-balance type road whether or not it was the prudent
new procedure allows a change to get a cut and fill type road where needed
a contour
side
survey and design.
4
THIS
PROGRAM
PUT
ON
FORT
CLASS al COMPUTER
DISTA7CE
SECTION
BEING
PRESENTLY
IS
STATION
100
50.0
110
X
LEFT
.
1.0
50.0
10.0
2
RIGHT
WIDTH
DITCH
-1.0
15.0
1.0
CUT
3.0/
SLOPE
1
CUT
CATC1
1.1/
11.3
CL
ROD
FILL
.
-.0/
COLLINS
COMPUTER
CATCH
FILL
SLOPE
CLEARC
8.2
3.0/
1
.0
-12.0
15.0
1.0
3.0/
1
2.3/
13.5
-2.2/
14.8
3.0/
1
50.0
120
.0
100.0
13.0
-10.0
15.0
1.0
3.0/
1
.0
7.8
-1.0
-2.5/
15.7
3.0/
1
50.0
130
.0
150.0
13.0
-10.0
15.0
1.0
3.0/
1
-.6/
10.0
-2.0
-3.9/
19.9
3.0/
1
.1
140
50.0
200.0
20.0
-10.0
15.0
1.0
1.0/
1
3.8/
13.8
.
-1.0/
150
250.0
20.0
15.0
1.0
1.0/
1
3.9/
13.9
50.0
160
.
300.0
35.0
-10.0
27.0
1.0
1.0/
1
9.2/
19.1
1.5
350.0
37.0
-24.0
27.0
1.0
1.0/
1
11.5/
400.0
40.0
-30.0
27.0
1.0
1.0/
1
13.9/
450.0
42.0
-36.0
15.0
1.0
1.0/1
200
500.0
45.0
-45.0
15.0
1.0
1.0/
50.0
210
in_n
550.0
48.0
-42.0
15.0
1.0
1.0/
50.0
-9.0
-.5
1
1
3
ACC
CUT
ACC
FILL
MASS
13
1.20
6
16
-9
33
1.20
10
56
-46
62
1.20
10
131
-121
TF
IF
.1
17
45
1.20
28
186
-158
.1
36
5
1.20
64
192
-128
-2.2/
22.1
3.0/
1
21.5
2.6
-10.4/
43.5
3.0/
1
.2
162
34
1.20
314
238
75
TOPS
23.9
3.4
-8.1/
27.0
1.5/
1
.3
215
52
1.20
529
301
227
TOPS
13.7/
23.7
2.8
-2.9/
8.2
1.5/
1
.4
228
18
1.20
757
324
433
14.3/
24.3
2.4
-6.0/
13.4
1.5/
1
.4
210
4
1.20
967
329
637
18.8/
28.7
4.0
8.7
3.0/
1
.5
242
4
1.20
1210
335
875
1.3/
1.0
.7
1
13.0/
19.7
23U
5U.U
650.0
60.0
-56.0
16.0
.
.7
1
18.5/
20.8
6.0
.7
240
700.0
65.0
-60.0
16.0
.
18.6/
21.2
4.8
.0
U.0
250
.7/
750.0
65.0
-72.0
16.0
.
.7
1
19.5/
21.2
5.7
260
800.0
70.0
-75.0
16.0
.
.7
1
22.41
23.5
6.0
50.0
270
850.0
64.0
-55.0
16.0
.
.7
1
12.6/
16.4
900.0
53.0
-50.0
15.0
1.0
1.0/
1
12.8/
22.2
280
6
SWELL
1
15.0
50.0
FILL YDS
1
-48.0
50.0
YDS
3.0/
56.0
50.0
CUT
RUNNING.
3.0/
600.0
220
FOR
R.O.
10.9
50.0
190
50.0
WITH
10.1
-.9/
50.0
170
50.0
180
CHECK
OUTPUT
DESIGN
50.0
.2
87
3
1.20
151
197
-45
TC
1.5/
1
.5
9.4
2.0/
1
.5
208
1.05
1630
397
1232
TC
8.0
99.0/
1
.6
268
1.05
1898
397
1500
FB
.0
8.0
99.0/
1
.6
264
1.05
2163
397
1764
FB
.0
8.0
99.0/
1
.7
285
1.05
2448
397
2050
FB
2.1 -11.1/
20.3
1.2/
1
.7
213
21
1.10
2661
421
2239
-.5 -17.9/
34.9
1.5/
1
.8
115
96
1.10
2777
527
2248
1.0 -11.1/
.
23.1
27
950.0
46.0
-51.0
15.0
1.0
1.0/
1
12.0/
22.0
-15.6/
30.7
1.5/
1
.8
121
124
1.15
2898
670
2227
1000.0
46.0
-52.0
15.0
1.0
1.0/
1
9.4/
18.4
-1.0 -23.4/
43.0
1.5/
1
.9
98
157
1.15
2997
851
2145
310
50.0
1050.0
46.0
-46.0
15.0
1.0
1.0/
1
8.3/
16.0
-2.3 -19.2/
36.8
1.5/
1
1.03
.4
221
1.20
3047
3117
1929
320
1100.0
43.0
-50.0
15.0
1.0
1.0/
1
10.9/
20.7
-.2 -16.7/
33.1
1.5/
1
1.10
67
179
1.20
3114
1332
1781
50.0
330
1150.0
44.0
-40.0
27.0
1.0
1.0/
1
15.1/
25.1
3.1
-15.3/
38.3
1.5/
1.17
170
134
1.20
3285
1493
1790
TOFS
50.0
340
1200.0
40.0
-38.0
27.0
1.0
1.0/
1
11.6/
21.6
2.0
-15.0/
39.4
1.5/
1.25
201
158
1.20
3486
1633
1802
TOPS
50.0
350
1250.0
48.0
-42.0
27.0
1.0
1.0/
1
15.9/
25.9
2.5
-18.4/
43.8
1.5/
1
1.33
196
192
1.20
3683
1914
1767
TOFS
5U.U
360
1300.0
46.0
-40.0
15.0
1.0
1.0/
1
12.5/
22.5
1.2
-6.1/
15.4
1.5/
1
1.39
191
115
1.20
3874
2052
1821
290
50.0
300
50.0
Exhibit
1.
-
Class III
computer
design
1
1
program.
Lolo NUoaaI
F
RANGER
CLASS
III
DISTRICT
SURVEY
FIELD NOTES
YA
SALE
ROADS
Book
Exhibit
2.
-
Class III survey
6
field design.
of
GENERAL
NOTES
USE
OF FORM AND
CLASS
SURVEY
FOR
SUGGESTED
METHODS
III
Pi
NO.
NUMBER MAY
UNIQUE
A
CAN
BE
DONE
IN
STATION
MEASURE ALONG
ETC.
EVERY
DIST
NOT
SLOPEe
BE
ASSIGNED
FOR
EA-
POINT.
FLAG
DESIGNATED
AS CENTER
LINE.
CLOSER AROUND
SHARP
RIDGES
LINE
FEET
100
OR
BE
T-E
SAME
AS
THE
STATýO..
ALSO
LEAVE
OR
MARER FLAG
TYPE OF
DISTANCE
SOME
DRAWS.
SHOULD
BE
STA-E
HORIZONTAL
30
ABNEY
OBTAIN
AVERAGE
TA.E
CROSS-SECTIONS
ON
ONE-SHOT PERCENT SLOPE LEFT AND RIGHT.
MAJOR BREAýS AND AT FREQUENT INTERVALS
AROUND SWITCHBACK
S OR
SHARPER CURVATURE.
SINCE SHOTS ARE FROM THE
PLANNED ROAD
CENTERLINE
THE
DISTANCE
LIMIT OF THE
CROSS-SECTION
SHOULD BE AS CLOSE
TO
THE
SLOPE STAE
AS POSSIBLE.
A
RULE
OF
THUMB IS THAT THE
SLOPE
STAE
DISTANCE WILL
SLOPE
I.E. ON A 0% SIDE
SLOPE THE
SLOPE STAE WILL
BE
AT
THE
EQUAL
% SIDE
0 FEET.
THE
NEARER TO THE
SLOPE STAE THE
BETER THE
RESULTS
ON QUANTITIES
AND
LATER STAE
WITH
OUT
NOTES.
THIS COLUMN SHOULD
IS SHOWN
ONE
FOOT
TURNOUT
CAS
SLOPE.
ALL
DITCH
T
OFFICE.
STATIONS
STANDARD
SINCE
SHOULD
BE
BE
FOR
RECORDING
LOCATIONS
THE
WHERE
DITCH
A
IS
NEEDED.
IF
NO
DEPTH
UNDERSTOOD.
PUT
SEE
ROAD.
USED
IS
ON
CLASS
IIIs
WHICH
CORRESPOND
TO
A
STANDARD
TURNOUT
FOR
THIS
BELOW
PROFILE
IS RUN
THE
ONLY
INPUT
INTO
CUT
AND
FILL
DESIGN IS THE
OR - CENTERLINE
AREAS WHERE
THERE IS ONLY A GRADE FLAG AND/OR IN AREAS WHERE
SELF-BALANCE
IS WANTED
SHOULD BE ENTERED.
A ROD SHOULD BE
ENTERED IN AREAS
OF
FIELD DESIGN WHERE
BOTH C
FLAGS AND GRADE FLAGS EXIST.
THE ROD READING
IS SIMPLY
OBTAINED
BY
RODDING OR ESTIMATING
NOT
THE
VERTICAL DIFFERENCE
IN FEET
BETWEEN THE
TWO
FLAG LINES.
IN MOST CASES THERE WILL
CENTERLINE
STATIONS
OR
OTHER
BE
A CONVENIENT
GRADE FLAG
PERPENDICULAR
OPPOSITE
TO
THE
THEREFORE THE CORRESPONDING
GRADE POSITION WILL
HAVE TO BE
BREAKS THAT ARE ON CENTERLINE
SIDE.
PROJECTED
BETWEEN THE
GRADE FLAGS ON EITHER
A
ROD IN CUT AND A - ROD
IN FILL.
ROD
ROD.
NO
OPTIONAL
IN
ARE
THESE COLUMNS
PROBLEM AREAS
%s
SOILS
NO
ROD
%
%
BASED
ARE
COMMON
ROC.
FOR
I.E.
ON
ANY
CLASS
SWITCHBACS
TOTAL
MATERIAL.
ENTER
PERCENTAGE OF MATERIAL
ENTER PERCENTAGE
AND
TYPE.
TYPE
LOOSE
BR
ROCK
BA
BS
SOLID ROCK
S
CLASSIFICATION LETTERS
INFORMATION
CLEARING
REMARS
ON
THE
INSIDE
AVERAGE TREE DIAMETER
GUIDE
IS ON
THE INSIDE
BAC
BE
ENTERED IN THE DENSITY
THE
SHOULD
INCLUDE
CMP
PROBLEM
POINTS
NORMAL
EDGE
TURNOUT
T
L
TAPER
SM
IN
3
TO
AND
TO
AND
PLACES
AND
AND
AND
r
RIPABDLE
ETC.
GO
IN
THE
CLASS
COLUMN
AND
ARE
OBTAINED
FROM
COVER.
INCHES
COVER.
BE
MEASURED
LETTERS FOR
CAN
THE
IN
FIELD AND
DENSITY
CLASS
THE
THE
DIPS
DRAIN
OR
INFORMATION
INFORMATION
FOR THE
UNUSUAL
COST
A
DENSITY
LU
MM
FEATURES
TOPOG
ESTIMATING
ETC.
SHOULD
CONTROL
ESTIMATE.
SUBGRADE
OF
AREA
10
DESIGN STD.
OF
ROAD
SCALE
T
MIN.
FT.
L
MIN.
FT.
60
S-10
3.
5-15
35
5-20
35
10
5-25
50
100
50
100
BO
EXTRA WIDTH
I
4L
XTRA WIDTH
DOUBLE
ENGTH L
TRA
RAPERI
---111
T
DOUBLE
Exhibit
3.
TRACK
OR
ROUNDED
ANGULAR
SHALEY
ROUNDED
ANGULAR
SHALEY
AND
COLUMN.
CROSS
NOTES
TIGHT
IN
RUN
DESCRIPTION
12
DIAMETER
12 DIAMETER
TO
12 DIAMETER
ABOVE 12 DIAMETER
ABOVE
12 DIAMETER
ABOVE
12 DIAMETER
LEFT OR RIGHT
NO
TO
ETC.
DIAMETER.
3
3
3
LENGTH
TURNOUT
TURNOUT
OR
AREAS
GW
BAC
WANT
CROSSINGS
MAJORITY
MAJORITY
MAJORITY
MAJORITY
MAJORITY
MAJORITY
CR
CS
UNDER
MIGHT
YOU
STREAM
LARGE
CA
THE
THAT
SURVEY
II
ROADWAY
NO
SCALE
-
Instructions
for using the
7
class
III survey
field notes.
density.
clearing
estimating
for
-Guidelines
4.
Exhibit
COSTS.
FOR
PRIMARYRATING
THE
BE
WILL
STUMPS
REMOVED
EASILYDISPOSED
THE
OF.
ARE
TOPS
AND
LIMBS
THE
LOGS.
SAW
AS
DBH
7
TO
6
SPACINGAVE.
TREE
CANOPYLIGHTWINDFALL6
THROUGHCLOSEDGENERAL
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BE
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MATERIAL
THE
OF
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WALK
TO
HU-OENSESTANDNORTHERNASPECTDIFFICULT
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THE
ON
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o
DBHLIGHTAMOUNTMERCHANTABLE
6
TO
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AND
OF
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PER
MBF
30
TO
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x
w
IF
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m
N
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AND
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15
TO
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HT
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E
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S
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tE
Q
TURNOUT
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SIDE
DITCH
DIST.
LE
PROF
ROD
RIGHT
LEFT
FT.
STATION
NO.
PI
OPTIONAL
CLEARING
SOILS
j6
WIDTH
SPEED
DATE
BY.
NOTES
CREW
ROAD
DESIGN
NO.
IROAD
NAME
ROAD
NAME
SALE
FIELD
i/
PEAT
INDENTIFIED
AND
AND
OTHER HIGHLY
SOILS READILY
BY
ODOR
COLOR
MUCK
ORGANIC
SPONGY
BE
HAND
OF
IFY
FINE
GRAINS
INDIVIDUAL
CAN
FEEL
SEEN
BY
THE
LITTLE
OR
NO
THAN
IS
CAN
EYE
TO
OF
COARSE
THAN
DIRTY
FINE
FINES
APPRECIABLE
RUN
CLEAN
OR
NO
FINES
RUN
DRY
TEST
STRENGTH
GRAINS
STRENGTH
SEEN
CLASS.
AND
BY
NAKED EYE
RUN
TOUGHNESS
DILANTENCY
TESTS
SILTS
OF
H1H
SILTS
OF
HIGH
CL
CLAYS
OF
LOW
CLAYS
OF
HIGH
ROC
.
APPRECIABLE
DIRTY
BE
ML
MORE THAN
OF
COARSE
FRACTION
IS SMALLER
THAN
LITTLE
NOT
DETERMINE
DRY
SAND
LARGER
GRAINEQ
INDIVIDUAL
NAKED
GRAVEL
MORE
FRACTION
CLEAN
GRAINED
SOILS
SAMPLE
DRY
PALM
CLASS
IN
COARSE
PT
OF
IDENTIFICATION
SPREAD
FINES
DRY
STRENGTH
TEST
ECH
GRADED
POORLY
GRADED
LITTLE
NO
EQUAL
UNEQUAL
DISTRIBUTION
GW
DISTRIBUTION
OR
ORY
STRENGTH
GM
GP
WELL
HIGH
DRY
POORLY GRADED
UNEQUAL
DISTRIBUTION
GRADED
EQUAL
STRENGTH
DISTRIBUTION
SW
GC
LITTLE
NO
OR
HIGH
DRY
STRENGTH
SM
SC
COMPONENT
FIELD
IDENTIFICATION
PROCEDURES FOR FINE
FOR
FIELD CLASSIFICATION PURPOSES
COARSE PARTICLES
REMOVE BY HAND
THE
TOUGHNESS
NEAR
THE
PLASTIC LIMIT
CONSISTENCY
OF
BY
ADDING
WATER OR DRYING
PUTTY
SPECIMEN
STIFFENS AND CRUMBLES.
IT
THE
TOUGHER THE
TREAD THE
HIGHER THE
SPONGY
DRY
STRENGTH
DISCARD
COARSE
LAYER AS NEEDED.
ITS
PLASTIC LIMIT.
CLAY
NOT
ROLL
FRACTIONS
MOLD
OUT
AFTER
WEAKNESS
FRACTION.
OR
INTENDED
WITH THE
MATERIAL.
AND
A THIN
NOW AT
COLLOIDAL
IN
IS
SCREENING
IS
THAT INTERFERE
SOILS
SIMPLY
TESTS.
A
SPECIMEN
PALMS TO
BETWEEN
THREAD CRUMBLES
A
LUMP
INORGANIC
INDICATES
OF
SOIL
1/8
SIZE TO THE CONSISTENCY
FOLD AND REROLL UNTIL
AND
rNEAD UNTIL
LUMP
CRUMBLES.
ORGANIC CLAY
HAS A WEA
AND
CUBE
THREAD.
TOGETHER
CLAY.
HIGH
CRUSHING
DRYING AS
INDICATES
CHARACTERISTICS
ALLOW
NEEDED.
CLAY
SILT
HAS
OF
THE
CH
GROUP.
SMOOTH
REMOVE
PAT
TO
VERY
FEEL
DISCARD
COARSE
COMPLETELY
BY
SUN
SLIGHT
DRY
STRENGTH
AND
OF
MOLD
MATERIAL.
DRY
OR
AIR.
INDICATES
PAT
A
OF
SOIL
TO
BREA
AND
DRY
TYPICAL INORGANIC
AFTER
SIZE
COARSE MATERIAL.
OTHER HAND.
THE
SILTS
INORGANIC
Exhibit
5.
THE
CONSISTENCY
OF
PUTTY
CRUMBLE BETWEEN FINGERS.
SILT
OR FINE
SAND.
FINE
WATER
ADDING
HIGH
DRY
SAND FEELS
for field identification
of
COLOR
COBBLES
3
3
3
soils.
12
12
TO
TO
NO.
3/4
TO
3/4
TO
4
SIEVE
NO.
4
SIEVE
SAND
COARSE
MEDIUM
FINE
NO.
4 TO
NO.
4
NO.
10
TO
NO.
40
NO.
40
TO
NO.
200
FINES
BELOW
TO
NO.
NO.
200
NO.
10
200
OR
STRENGTF
GRITTY
PREPARE A SOFT BUT
NOT
STICKY PAT
OF
SOIL.
PLACE IN PALM AND
A POSITIVE REACTION
CONSISTS
OF
THE
APPEARANCE
OF
WATER ON THE
ROC FLOUR MODERATELY QUICK AND PLASTIC CLAYS NO REACTION.
- Guide
HAS
RANGE
ABOVE
1/4
SEIVE
NO.
1
NO.
40
NO.
200
SEIVE
THE
SMALLEST
FLOUR.
REACTION
TO
SHA
ING REMOVE AND DISCARD THE
HORIZONTALLY
BY
STRIA
ING
VIGOROUSLY
AGAINST
FINE
CLEAN SAND
GIVES THE
QUICIEST REACTION
PLASTICITY
BOULDERS
GRAVEL
COARSE
FINE
FEEL.
WHILE
UILATANCY
REMOVE
GRAINED
PLASTICITY
DRY
STRENGTH
SP
PLASTICITY
ORGANIC CLAY OR SILT
DISTINCTIVE ODOR AND
OH
WELL
LOWPLASTICITY
FLOUR
SHAE
SURFACE.
ARE
BE
SEEN
1/64
SEIVE
BY
-
THE
PARTICLES
THAT
CAN
NAKED
EYE.
OF
THIS
SIZE
INDIVIDUALUALLY
UNITED STATES- DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE
FOREST SERVICE
REGION ONE
COMPUTERIZING
CLASS
SURVEY- FIELD
III
LOW STANDARD
ROAD
JAMES
SUP.
P.
DESIGN
FOR
DEVELOPMENT
RICE
CIVIL ENGINEER
Moor/
Engineering--y
lob
National Foaest
dwý
t
Exhibit
6.
- Computerizing
10
class
III survey.
FOREST SERVICE ARCHITECTS RECEIVE CERTIFICATE OF RECOGNITION
William R. Bruner and Robert C. Sanducky
received
Design
recognition
Response
1000
the
The
Laboratory.
Federal
Federal
submittal
their
of
the
selected
of Labor in
to the architects
be shown
at
at
the exhibit opening.
other Washington
the United
in
Sawtooth
their
and
National
Redwood
from nearly
design
locations.
A
After
certificate
December 31
During the coming
year
we
plan
to
November 21
of recognition
it
the
will
was
exhibit will
be displayed
States and overseas.
FIELD DESIGN ENGINEERS
Over the past few months weve received several articles on new procedures
field design. In order to have a comprehensive and coordinated
presentation
If
recently
Design Councils
the exhibit that opened
Washington D.C.
ATTENTION
subjects
5
Region
Federal
Sun Valley Idaho
Design Council
were represented
agencies
new Department
presented
in
for
the
in
in
entries.
Thirty-two
at
competition
Response
Area Headquarters and Visitor Center
Recreation
Sciences
Design
for their
Staff Architects
reserve
you have an article on
no later than May
WO
Volume
field
1
8 No.
8 August 1976
design procedures
so that
it
for field
or developments
can be reviewed
August publishing date.
11
approved
design
and developments in
of these field design
articles.
please submit your draft to the
and edited
in
time to meet the
Terrain
Data
to be used with
Tapes
Survey National
TOPAS
different format than the original Defense
be procured from Honeywell
sample of the new perspective
well as a more efficient
gridding
contour
routine
available through
Reston
DMA tapes
these tapes
plot
is
are also
shown below.
described
the
in
is
which could
new
3000
for
ý
TOPAS Users
-The
and
proper
scale with correct symbolization
map
store
system
including
drafting
Although
routine
7
Digital
Station.
core.
plot as
Guide.
The
Read
Data
is
for
photography
A
plate.
is
of a Hewlett
has
required
final
data
preliminary
has
to
layers.
has
been
named
report should
which
source
data tested was the
version
of
been developed.
make
the
Series
the total
an automatic
There are
still
system functional.
be written by June 1976.
testing
9830 programmable
of the
Digital
calculator
with
string variables and the telecommunications
14
at
Base
scale of planimetric
the source
nearly completed
Packard
and
a system to
the
plot
a testing system for the software
of a quadrangle
portion
include
as
a year
handle any type and
color-separated
memory options
more than
been used only
the system can
- Geometronics
made up
to
produce the Primary and Secondary
be completed by April and the
station
only
to
needed and more testing
Station
project was to develop
in this
form and then have the capability
development
the planimetric
for
Final testing should
3.
300
primary emphasis
and non-conventional
1/2-minute
enhancements
several
under
conventional
124000 USGS
in digital
Existing hardware has
been developed.
data
data
been
has
CALPLOTPAC.
has
format
2000
collect
This
a
ýf
00
2ý0
Automated Cartography
2.
this
using
5000
0ý
in
formerly
to properly
000
000
Geological
new TOPAS Users Guide.
Instructions
the
in
S.
These tapes are
been developed
program has
U.
the
Virginia 22092.
Mapping Agency
and a conversion
them. Information for ordering and converting
A
now
are
Information Center
Cartographic
Data
4K
package.
of
Other hardware
The
basic
in
the station are a plotter
has
programming
Programming is underway
and plot any of the TOPAS graphic
should be out by July 1 1976.
itself
testing
is
of data to the
being
done
UNIVAC
A full
products.
1108
from the 1108
or on the Geometronics
on these subjects
Fort
at
the
Collins.
report on the Digital Data
evaluation
drive.
determine
to
data station to receive plot information
the
Should you desire further information
Unit
and
completed
to enable
digitizer and an auxiliary tape cassette
17-inch
and transmission
of collection
cost-effectiveness
been
Station
Developmental
please submit your request to
Geometronics Service Center
USDA
Forest
Service
521 West 3560 Street
Lake City Utah 84115
Salt
STANDARDS
CONSULTATION
R. Weller
Charles
Assistant Director
ENERGY CONSERVATION
Over the past two years much
effort
guidelines for both existing and
be done to conserve
An
economic
combinations
such
as
The
evaluation
climatic
also
for
list
ahead
Catalog
Making
the
in
will assist in
the design
Most
of
as setting
require an
are
several
and
labor
or annual cost.
conservation
energy
costs
all
variables
would
etc.
Federal
conservation
Our
staff
achieved
Energy Administration
was present
by
and have
techniques
at
retrofitting
the
NBS
FEA
already
an existing residence.
determining energy savings
An
Dollars
in
Home
for
existing
Economic
structures
Analysis
Heating and Cooling
Pueblo Colorado
15
81009
have
made
Seminar where
$1.35.
Your Energy
be
required.
new ones
Distribution Center
can
the thermostat
initial
analysis considering
Housing for Energy Conservation
No. C13.292/64
Documents
of
there
economic
and the
energy
the energy savings
for
Retrofitting Existing
Public
NBS
into various
will
materials
costs
energy
of publications
planning
GPO
when
actual
calculations of several variables.
energy-savings
following
An
measures
more detailed than
of Standards
the analysis was explained
and
made
available.
and probably
intensive study
The
Some things such
buildings.
be
should
conditions
Bureau
National
made an
has been going into the development of energy conservation
evergy but most conservation
or alternatives
time-consuming
new
$0.70.
GPO
Bank
In the
or
Up
Chimney A
the
Home Improvement
GPO
or write
$1.70
Washington D.C.
Development
Dollars
and Cents
Guide to Energy-Saving
Department
and Urban
of Housing
20410.
SOLAR ENERGY
In the last 6
months
and cooling
of buildings.
Energy Research
NTIS
The
actual
and
Many
interest
in
Administration National
brochures
technical references
the
at
a five-day
those
will assist
NTIS
who
use
of solar energy
documents
of our solar energy-related
Development
and Manufacturers
following
been considerable
there has
were
Technical
for heating
obtained
from the
Information
Service
Solar Energy Seminar.
are involved
with either
studies
feasibility
design or familiar with solar energy
on Solar Energy Heating
Catalog
document
ERDA-75
No.
from
Box 62 Oak Ridge Tennessee
Interim
Performance
Criteria
Systems and Dwellings
Interim
Performance
GPO
and
Cooling
ERDA
Products
Technical
October
1975 Order
Center
Information
P.O.
37830.
Solar Heating
for
and Combined Heating/Cooling
$1.90.
Criteria for
Commercial
Solar
Heating
Combined
and
Systems and Facilities Document No. 98M10001 from National
and Space Administration George C. Marshall Flight Center
Heating/Cooling
Aeronautics
Alabama
Huntsville
Solar
Energy Utilization
Applications
Solar
35812.
Energy
National
Springfield
for Heating
and
Volume GPO. $0.70.
-
A
ERDA
Bibliography
Information
Service
Va. 22151 357 pages
$10.60.
Technical
Chapter 59
Cooling
Order
U.S.
document
Department
of
ASHRAE
TID-3351
of
from
Commerce
Housing An Introduction 2nd Edition June 1975 Document
1735
AIA Research Corporation
New York Avenue
N.W.
Solar Energy and
S-1
from
Washington D.C. 20006
several concepts
for
$5.00
solar-oriented
A
good basic booklet
for
architects
illustrates
architecture.
16
GPO 899-243
TO READERS OF
INVITATION
FIELD NOTES
Every reader
short
would
you
article
FIELD NOTES
Material
a potential
is
author of an
to share with
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FIELD NOTES.
Service
Washington
Office
may
short articles
or
to submit
you
invite
it
to
current
is
FSM
Service-wide
be reviewed
timely technically
7113.
The
by
the
accurate
of material
length
vary from several short sentences to several typewritten
pages however
Office
news items are preferred. All material submitted to the Washington
should be typed
and
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Each
Region
has an Information
should be original drawings
all illustrations
Coordinator to
The
and material for publication.
whom
field
R-4
Ted Wood
Groven
R-5
Jim
Strohschein
R-6
Kjell Bakke
R-8
Ernest Quinn
Bill
R-2
Allen
R-3
Bill
should direct questions
personnel
should
or glossy
submit both
are
Coordinators
McCabe
R-1
Coordinators
you have a news item or
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we
engineers
If
for publication.
submitted to the
respective
questions
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article
McCoy
R-9
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Bill
WO
concerning format
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Al Colley
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