Most Cited Journal of Hydrology Articles
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Most Cited Journal of Hydrology Articles
Most cited articles published since 2007, extracted from SciVerse Scopus.
Modelling hydrology and water quality in the pre-alpine/alpine Thur watershed using
SWAT
Volume 333, Issues 2-4, February 2007, Pages 413-430
Journal of
Hydrology
Abbaspour, K.C. | Yang, J. | Maximov, I. | Siber, R. | Bogner, K. | Mieleitner, J. | Zobrist, J. |
Srinivasan, R.
In a national effort, since 1972, the Swiss Government started the "National Long-term
Monitoring of Swiss Rivers" (NADUF) program aimed at evaluating the chemical and physical
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states of major rivers leaving Swiss political boundaries. The established monitoring network
of 19 sampling stations included locations on all major rivers of Switzerland. This study
complements the monitoring program and aims to model one of the program's catchments Thur River basin (area 1700 km2), which is located in the north-east of Switzerland and is a
direct tributary to the Rhine. The program SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used
to simulate all related processes affecting water quantity, sediment, and nutrient loads in the
catchment. The main objectives were to test the performance of SWAT and the feasibility of
using this model as a simulator of flow and transport processes at a watershed scale. Model
calibration and uncertainty analysis were performed with SUFI-2 (Sequential Uncertainty
FItting Ver. 2), which was interfaced with SWAT using the generic iSWAT program. Two
measures were used to assess the goodness of calibration: (1) the percentage of data
bracketed by the 95% prediction uncertainty calculated at the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of the
cumulative distribution of the simulated variables, and (2) the d-factor, which is the ratio of
the average distance between the above percentiles and the standard deviation of the
corresponding measured variable. These statistics showed excellent results for discharge and
nitrate and quite good results for sediment and total phosphorous. We concluded that: in
watersheds similar to Thur - with good data quality and availability and relatively small model
uncertainty - it is feasible to use SWAT as a flow and transport simulator. This is a precursor
for watershed management studies. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Spatially distributing monthly reference evapotranspiration and pan evaporation
considering topographic influences
Volume 338, Issues 3-4, May 2007, Pages 196-220
McVicar, T.R. | Van Niel, T.G. | Li, L. | Hutchinson, M.F. | Mu, X. | Liu, Z.
Many hydrological models engage spatially distributed measures of 'potential
evapotranspiration' (ETpot). The reliability and utility of the physically based PenmanMonteith approach to generate ETpot has been recently advocated. Assuming land-surface
conditions, spatial surfaces of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) can be generated taking
into account the topographic influence of forcing meteorological variables. This was performed
in this paper by spatially interpolating maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) air
temperatures, wind speed (u) and vapor pressure (ea), using a spline model with a linear sub
-model dependency on elevation, and modelling the radiation environment, taking topography
(i.e., elevation, slope and aspect) into account, prior to calculating ET0 at each grid-cell. In
accordance with previous research, resultant lapse rates showed a strong seasonal pattern;
values were steeper in summer than winter and those for Tmax were steeper than for Tmin.
Monthly mean Tmax lapse rates varied from -3.01 °C km-1 in winter to -7.69 °C km-1 in
summer, with Tmin lapse rates ranging from -2.79 °C km-1 in winter, to -6.64 °C km-1 in
summer. Monthly climatologies of the near-surface elevation-dependence (NSED) for u and ea
also showed strong seasonal values. NSED of u varied from 2.01 ms-1 km-1 in winter
reducing to 0.75 ms-1 km-1 in summer. The NSED for ea ranged from -0.08 kPa km-1 in
winter to -0.64 kPa km-1 in summer. For a 252-month sequence from 1980 through 2000,
spatial surfaces of ET0 with a 100 m resolution for the 113,000 km2 study site located in the
Loess Plateau, China were generated using an 'interpolate-then-calculate' approach. Resultant
ET0 values varied from about 20 mm month-1 in winter to over 150 mm month-1 in summer.
In order to assess the reliability of these ET0 surfaces, pan evaporation (Epan) was also
spatially interpolated and from these a set of pan coefficient (Kpan - a unitless ratio defined
as ET0/Epan) surfaces were calculated. Spatio-temporally averaged Kpan values for the study
site varied from 0.44 in April to 0.65 in late summer. Kpan values were in agreement with
another study using a Chinese 20 cm diameter micro-pan, and, as expected, were lower than
other values documented using a Class A pan. The influence of topography, especially aspect,
was seen on the resultant ET0 and Kpan, but not Epan, surfaces. Sensitivity analysis showed
that results were particularly stable in the hydrologically active portion of the year extending
from March to October, inclusive. This study demonstrated that high spatial resolution
monthly surfaces of ET0 can be spatially modelled while taking into account the influence of
topography on the forcing variables. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Soil moisture spatial variability in experimental areas of central Italy
Volume 333, Issues 2-4, February 2007, Pages 356-373
Brocca, L. | Morbidelli, R. | Melone, F. | Moramarco, T.
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-hydrology/most-cited-artic... 11/01/2012
Most Cited Journal of Hydrology Articles
Page 7 of 10
Central Sahel progressively recorded wetter years from the end of the 1990s, but this
recovery is limited (1990-2007 average larger by 10% than the 1970-1989 average, but still
lower than the 1950-1989 average). There are also significant differences between the
Western Sahel and the Central Sahel when looking at the interannual variability pattern and
at the seasonal cycle. The low-frequency rainfall patterns are similar between the Western
Sahel and the Central Sahel, but the interannual year-to-year variability is weakly related to
each other. In the Central Sahel, the major modification of the seasonal cycle in the most
recent decades was the disappearance of the well marked August peak observed during the
wet period. In the Western Sahel the rainfall deficit is more or less evenly distributed all along
the rainy season. The second part of the paper makes use of the CATCH-Niger recording rain
gauge network in order to compare several ways of defining rainy events. The statistical
properties of these various populations of rainy events are compared. It is shown that a
simple CPP model allows for retrieving the statistical characteristics of point rainy events from
daily rainfall series. It is also confirmed that in this area, the interannual rainfall variability is
primarily linked to the year-to-year fluctuation of the number of large mesoscale rainfall
events. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Comparison of hydrological impacts of climate change simulated by six hydrological
models in the Dongjiang Basin, South China
Volume 336, Issues 3-4, April 2007, Pages 316-333
Jiang, T. | Chen, Y.D. | Xu, C.-y. | Chen, X. | Chen, X. | Singh, V.P.
Large differences in future climatic scenarios found when different global circulation models
(GCMs) are employed have been extensively discussed in the scientific literature. However,
differences in hydrological responses to the climatic scenarios resulting from the use of
different hydrological models have received much less attention. Therefore, comparing and
quantifying such differences are of particular importance for the water resources management
of a catchment, a region, a continent, or even the globe. This study investigates potential
impacts of human-induced climate change on the water availability in the Dongjiang basin,
South China, using six monthly water balance models, namely the Thornthwaite-Mather (TM),
Vrije Universitet Brussel (VUB), Xinanjiang (XAJ), Guo (GM), WatBal (WM), and Schaake (SM)
models. The study utilizes 29-year long records of monthly streamflow and climate in the
Dongjiang basin. The capability of the six models in simulating the present climate water
balance components is first evaluated and the results of the models in simulating the impact
of the postulated climate change are then analyzed and compared. The results of analysis
reveal that (1) all six conceptual models have similar capabilities in reproducing historical
water balance components; (2) greater differences in the model results occur when the
models are used to simulate the hydrological impact of the postulated climate changes; and
(3) a model without a threshold in soil moisture simulation results in greater changes in
model-predicted soil moisture with respect to alternative climates than the models with a
threshold soil moisture. The study provides insights into the plausible changes in basin
hydrology due to climate change, that is, it shows that there can be significant implications for
the investigation of response strategies for water supply and flood control due to climate
change. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Consideration of measurement uncertainty in the evaluation of goodness-of-fit in
hydrologic and water quality modeling
Volume 337, Issues 3-4, April 2007, Pages 326-336
Daren Harmel, R. | Smith, P.K.
As hydrologic and water quality (H/WQ) models are increasingly used to guide water resource
policy, management, and regulation, it is no longer appropriate to disregard uncertainty in
model calibration, validation, and evaluation. In the present research, the method of
calculating the error term in pairwise comparisons of measured and predicted values was
modified to consider measurement uncertainty with the goal of facilitating enhanced
evaluation of H/WQ models. The basis of this method was the theory that H/WQ models
should not be evaluated against the values of measured data, which are uncertain, but
against the inherent measurement uncertainty. Specifically, the deviation calculations of
several goodness-of-fit indicators were modified based on the uncertainty boundaries
(Modification 1) or the probability distribution of measured data (Modification 2). The choice
between these two modifications is based on absence or presence of distributional information
on measurement uncertainty. Modification 1, which is appropriate in the absence of
distributional information, minimizes the calculated deviations and thus produced substantial
improvements in goodness-of-fit indicators for each example data set. Modification 2, which
provides a more realistic uncertainty estimate but requires distributional information on
uncertainty, resulted in smaller improvements. Modification 2 produced small goodness-of-fit
improvement for measured data with little uncertainty but produced modest improvement
when data with substantial uncertainty were compared with both poor and good model
predictions. This limited improvement is important because poor model goodness-of-fit,
especially due to model structure deficiencies, should not appear satisfactory simply by
including measurement uncertainty. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Rainfall partitioning by vegetation under Mediterranean conditions. A review of
studies in Europe
Volume 335, Issues 1-2, March 2007, Pages 37-54
Llorens, P. | Domingo, F.
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-hydrology/most-cited-artic... 11/01/2012