Determination of the Proper Operating Range for the
CAFCA ilB Fuel Cycle Model
by
Jamie Warburton
Submitted to the
Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Science and Engineering
at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
June 2007
@2007 Jamie L. Warburton
All rights reserved
The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to
distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part
in any medium now knlown or hereafter created.
19
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Signature of Author:
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May 17, 2007
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Certified by:
Mujid Kazimi
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Thesis Supervisor
Accepted by:
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Determination of the Proper Operating Range for the
CAFCA IIB Fuel Cycle Model
by
Jamie Warburton
Submitted to the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering on May 18, 2007
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Science and Engineering
Abstract
The fuel cycle simulation tool, CAFCA II was previously modified to produce the most recent
version, CAFCA IIB. The code tracks the mass distribution of transuranics in the fuel cycle in
one model and also projects costs for various fuel cycle schemes. The mass distribution model
also shows the schedule for deployment of recycling plants. All of these models are dependent
on user inputs, some of which specify advanced technology type and capacity, plant lifetime and
recycling facility capacity.
The behavior of CAFCA IIB resulting from the most recent modifications are investigated
through extensive modeling of various nuclear fuel cycles. By re-modeling nuclear fuel cycle
schemes in CAFCA IIB that were modeled in CAFCA II, the two results can be compared and
conclusions can be drawn as to an discrepancies between the two. Specifically, the results
representing TRU mass balance accumulation in the system, spent fuel separation plant
construction and fertile free fuel spent fuel reprocessing plant construction are compared. Thus,
these new runs will substantiate the accuracy of past work and expand the number of reactor
options that have been evaluated by CAFCA IIB. Additionally, the new data help pinpoint the
operating range for CAFCA IIB in which the code is accurate.
Overall, none of the results from the same conditions in CAFCA II and CAFCA IIB matched up
perfectly. Therefore, in an effort to further evaluate the effectiveness of CAFCA IIB, the plant
lifetime input is tested in order to determine system sensitivities to that factor. This is done by
modeling of nuclear fuel cycles while varying that single input, and comparing the results to the
base or control case. Results suggest that different combinations of the various parameters are
ideal for each different strategy of reactor type.
Thesis Supervisor: Mujid Kazimi
Title: Professor of Nuclear Engineering
Acknowledgements
The author is grateful for comments received during this work from Pavel Hejzlar and Dr. Ed
Pilat of MIT.
Table of Contents
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................
2
Acknow ledgem ents.....................................................................................................................3
............................................ 5
L ist of Figures...........................................................................
7
...................................................................................................................
List of Tables
N om enclature ...............................................................................
........................................ 8
Chapter I. Introduction................................................ ......................................................... 9
I.A. The Nuclear Fuel Cycle.......................................... .................................................... 9
I.B. The CAFCA Nuclear Fuel Cycle Model ......................................................................... 10
12
I.C . Methods ... ......................................................................................................
............. 15
Chapter II. CAFCA II Results and Conclusions ..................................... ...
16
Chapter III. Overview of Modification from CAFCA II to IIB .......................................
18
Chapter IV. Comparison of CAFCA II and CAFCA IIB Results .....................................
Chapter V. Determination of Sensible Operating Range........................................20
V.A. Summary from Comparison of CAFCA II and CAFCA IIB Results...........................20
V.B. Inspection of CAFCA IIB Results with Recycling PL of 30 Years ............................. 20
V.C. Inspection of CAFCA IIB Results with Recycling PL of 50 Years ............................. 22
Chapter VI. Conclusion....................................................... ................................................ 24
References ................................................................................................................................ 26
Appendix A: TRU mass balance - Low case with 40 yr. PL (II & IIB) .................................. 28
Appendix B: Spent fuel recycling plants - Low case with 40 yr. PL (II & IIB).................... 34
Appendix C: TRU mass balance - High case with 40 year PL (II & IIB)................................40
Appendix D: Spent fuel recycling plants - High case with 40 yr. PL (II & IIB)......................46
Appendix E: TRU Mass Balance - Low case in CAFCA IIB with 30 year Plant Lifetime........52
Appendix F: SF Recycling Plants - Low case in CAFCA IIB with 30 year Plant Lifetime........ 55
Appendix G: TRU Mass Balance - High case in CAFCA IIB with 30 year Plant Lifetime........ 58
Appendix H: SF Recycling Plants - High case in CAFCA IIB with 30 year Plant Lifetime.......61
Appendix I: TRU Mass Balance - Low case in CAFCA IIB with 50 year Plant Lifetime .......... 64
Appendix J: SF Recycling Plants - Low case in CAFCA IIB with 50 year Plant Lifetime ......... 67
Appendix K: TRU Mass Balance - High case in CAFCA IIB with 50 year Plant Lifetime........ 70
Appendix L: SF Recycling Plants - High case in CAFCA IIB with 50 year Plant Lifetime ....... 73
List of Figures
Figure 1: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA II - Low case, 40 yr. PL ..................... 28
Figure 2: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL................ 29
Figure 3: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA II - Low case, 40 yr. PL .......................... 30
31
Figure 4: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL.....................
Figure 5: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA II - Low case, 40 yr. PL........................ 32
Figure 6: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL ........................ 33
34
Figure 7: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA II - Low case, 40 yr. PL.................
Figure 8: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL ................. 35
Figure 9: SFRP for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA II - Low case, 40 yr. PL ......................... 36
Figure 10: SFRP for LWR/ABR Strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL .................... 37
Figure 11: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA II - Low case, 40 yr. PL..................... 38
Figure 12: SFRP for LWR/GFR Strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL .................... 39
Figure 13: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA II - High case, 40 yr. PL................ 40
Figure 14: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 40 yr. PL ................ 41
42
Figure 15: TRU for LWRIABR strategy in CAFCA II - High case, 40 yr. PL.....................
Figure 16: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 40 yr. PL ..................... 43
Figure 17: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA II - High case, 40 yr. PL ........................ 44
45
Figure 18: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 40 yr. PL...................
Figure 19: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA II - High case, 40 yr. PL ................. 46
47
Figure 20: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 40 yr. PL............
Figure 21: SFRP for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA II - High case, 40 yr. PL.....................48
Figure 22: SFRP for LWR/ABR Strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 40 yr. PL ................... 49
Figure 23: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA II - High case, 40 yr. PL.......................... 50
Figure 24: SFRP for LWR/GFR Strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 40 yr. PL................. 51
Figure 25: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 30 yr. PL..............
52
Figure 26: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 30 yr. PL.........................53
Figure 27: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 30 yr. PL ...................... 54
Figure 28: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy - Low case, 30 yr. PL ..................................... 55
Figure 29: SFRP for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 30 yr. PL ..................... 56
Figure 30: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 30 yr. PL...................
57
Figure 31: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 30 yr. PL ................ 58
Figure 32: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy - High case, 30 yr. PL ......................................
59
Figure 33: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 30 yr. PL...................
60
Figure 34: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 30 yr. PL............ 61
Figure 35: SFRP for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 30 yr. PL .................... 62
Figure 36: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 30 yr. PL .................... 63
Figure 37: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL..............
64
Figure 38: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL...................
Figure 39: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL ......................
Figure 40: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL.............
Figure 41: SFRP for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL..................
Figure 42: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL .....................
Figure 43: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL ................
Figure 44: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL .....................
Figure 45: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL...................
Figure 46: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL ............
Figure 47: SFRP for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL ....................
Figure 48: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL ....................
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
List of Tables
Table 1: Recycling plant lifetime variations ..........................................
................ 12
Table 2: Recycling facility capacity options .................................................
............ 12
Table 3: Advanced technologies settings of industrial capacities ......................................
13
Table 4: LWR core specifications ....................................................................................... 13
Table 5: ABR core specifications ........................................................................................... 13
Table 6: GFR core specifications ........................................................................................ 14
Nomenclature
II & IIB
CAFCA II & CAFCA IIB
ABR
Actinide Burner Reactor
CAFCA
Code for Advanced Fuel Cycle Assessment
CONFU
Combined Non-Fertile and U0 2
FFF
Fertile Free Fuel
GFR
Gas-cooled Fast Reactor
GNEP
Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
HM
Heavy Metals (Uranium & Transuranics)
LWR
Light Water Reactor
PL
Plant Lifetime
MA
Minor Actinides
MT
Metric Ton (1,000 kg)
MTHM
Metric Ton of Heavy Metal
SF
Spent Fuel
SFRP
Spent Fuel Recycling Plants
TRU
Transuranics
U
Uranium
Chapter I. Introduction
LA. The Nuclear Fuel Cycle
The current nuclear fuel cycle in the United States is a once-through cycle, meaning that
fuel is used once and then sent to be stored without any reprocessing or recycling.
The
implications of this type of fuel cycle are that it causes the build up of transuranic elements that
maintain high radiotoxicity for thousands of years. This accumulation makes it difficult to
guarantee that the resulting dose remains below a specified limit for a long period of time. Also,
the decay heat associated with the buildup of actinides creates a need for multiple repositories.
These conditions generate the motivation to recycle and burn the TRU which helps manage
nuclear waste, and also to conserve uranium resources. The current Global Nuclear Energy
Partnership aims to recycle fuel while still safeguarding against proliferation, and reduce the
world's dependence on fossil fuels by means of increasing nuclear energy generation.
There are many options for nuclear fuel recycling and reprocessing, however the current
problem is how to determine which reprocessing option is optimal given the present nuclear fuel
cycle, resources and energy demands. One method to determine which approach to recycling is
appropriate is by using a fuel cycle simulation program, such as CAFCA IIB, to evaluate the
impact of various options and compare the output results [1]. So far, studies have been done for
one set of fuel cycle parameters, however variations need to be considered in order to develop a
more comprehensive approach.
Along with the many input parameters that CAFCA IIB
requires, it is also important to be aware of the current and projected world energy needs, the
current and projected operating reactors, and the current and projected burnups to be used for
nuclear fuel. With all of these issues in mind, the consequences of nuclear fuel technologies can
be assessed using the CAFCA IIB code, thus providing useful insight into the impact of various
nuclear system choices on the future of nuclear energy.
I.B. The CAFCA Nuclear Fuel Cycle Model
CAFCA IIB is a program that simulates nuclear fuel cycle systems and tracks nuclear
fuel in the various components of a fuel cycle. There is an economic element to the program,
which estimates the cost of various fuel cycle strategies and technology choices. In response to
the increasing global need for nuclear energy, the simulations in CAFCA IIB are engineered to
model the deployment of advanced nuclear technologies, namely advanced reactors and
reprocessing options.
CAFCA IIB is written in Matlab, and it simulates the fuel cycle by tracking the mass
flow of U and TRU, determining the infrastructure requirements for reactors and recycling
facilities, and also tracking the cost of those operations. The front-end of the fuel cycle does not
put any constraints on the introduction or development of advanced technologies in CAFCA IIB,
so there is no model for the front-end fuel plants. Also, masses undergoing the cooling process
are blended together depending on the number of years since discharge and the type of fuel. The
code tracks the lifetime of reactors, and therefore also incorporates the decommissioning of
reactors into the model generated.
CAFCA IIB is a model for the transition from a once-through to an advanced closed
nuclear fuel cycle. The program tracks U and TRU and simulates the deployment of advanced
technologies in the context of increasing nuclear energy demand. Advanced technologies
include advanced reactors that are capable of burning TRU and recycling plants that are capable
of converting SF into fresh fuel. The code provides an output specifying TRU inventory,
recycling facility and advanced reactor demand, as well as fuel cycle cost. The outputs in this
report have been organized as to present similar cases together other as to facilitate comparison.
The power demand model utilized in CAFCA IIB is exponential and assumes an annual growth
rate of 2.4%. The first constraint that governs the model is that SF inventory must be reduced as
fast as possible, and this factor contributes to the deployment of advanced technologies. Next,
advanced technologies must operate at or above a specified minimum capacity factor throughout
the lifetime of the technology. So, adding recycling plants is only allowed if those plants can be
operated at the minimum capacity for the lifetime of forty years. Advanced reactors can only be
built if the model projects that enough fuel will be present for the duration of the sixty-year
lifetime of the reactors.
The inputs in CAFCA IIB include the simulation start, middle and end year, with the
option of changing some parameters at the middle year. Other inputs include power demands for
up to three different geographic regions, year of introduction of recycling technologies, and
choice of recycling schemes for both the fast and thermal cases. The industrial capacity to build
recycling facilities could be changed at the middle point (year). CAFCA IIB can also take into
account the status of reactors currently operational, and incorporate their lifetimes into its
calculations. The composition of fuel pins per batch is another input section in the code, along
with the composition of batches and the reactor parameters such as number of batches in a core,
reactor lifetime, power, cycle length and capacity. The recycling parameters considered include
capacity for spent fuel separation, lifetime of recycling plant, loss coefficient of plant and
recycling facilities for advanced fuel pins. The priority for spent fuel recycling can also be
selected, along with enrichment percentages and losses associated with fabrication.
The cost model in CAFCA IIB calculates the average total production cost of electricity
as determined by the capital, operation and maintenance and fuel cycle costs. The model
assumes the operation and maintenance costs are fixed, while capital costs depend on the
construction time, reactor lifetime and overnight cost of construction. The fuel cycle costs are
determined by the cost for each step in the fuel cycle and the cost adjustment necessary to
account for carrying charges and time elapsed. The model also predicts recycling prices as a
function of a plants' nominal capacity, the result reflecting the effects of economies of scale in
recycling plant production.
The final parameters that can be modified in CAFCA IIB are those pertaining to the
economic outlook of the time period. These variables include tax rate, electricity fees, uranium
mining and both public and private debt. One caveat to this system that must be considered
when inputting these parameters is that the time step used is 1.5 years, as opposed to a 1-year
time step that may be assumed if not explicitly stated.
All of the input parameters described can be used to either use the fuel cycle simulation
module or the economic simulation module as relating to the fuel cycle. Essentially, for the fuel
cycle simulation, CAFCA IIB allows the user to input parameters in order to achieve output
results that are used to assess the impact of the corresponding choices in the overall fuel cycle
strategy.
L C. Methods
CAFCA IIB will be used to examine the effect of various future technology choices on
the accumulation of actinides in the fuel cycle. Only the fuel cycle model will be used for this
analysis, not the cost model. Initially, CAFCA IIB will be used with a new iteration scheme to
look at the effect of adding recycling in the fuel cycle on the actinide build up. Then, those
results will be compared with the results obtained with the old iteration scheme in CAFCA IIB.
Runs in the old iteration scheme in CAFCA II have already been completed by A. Aquien [1].
That report dealt entirely in CAFCA II and never in CAFCA IIB (it had not been created yet). In
addition to re-running the same cases that were completed in the old scheme, new cases will be
generated based on interesting parameters such as recycling plant lifetime seen in Table 1 below.
Table 1: Recycling plant lifetime variations
Recycling Plant Lifetime
30 yr
40 yr
50 yr
The status of reactors currently in operation will not be taken into account in this study,
nor will any modifications be made for the composition of fuel pins or composition of batches.
The reactor parameters will also be kept constant throughout all runs. The recycling parameters
for capacity of spent fuel separation and plant lifetime will be altered to include the variations in
Table 1 above and Table 2 below.
Table 2: Recycling facility capacity options
Recycling Facility Capacity (MTHM/yr)
Small
Separation Capacity
1000
FFF Reprocessing
50
2000
Separation
Capacity
Medium
100
FFF Reprocessing
Large
Separation Capacity
7000
FFF Reprocessing
200
The outputs from the three recycling facility capacity options are presented on the same page in
the appendices - the small case is first (labeled i), the medium case is next (labeled ii) and the
large case is last (labeled iii). Additionally, the recycling technologies have the industrial
building of separation capacities seen in Table 3 below.
Table 3: Advanced technologies settings of industrial capacities
Advanced Technologies (MTHM /yr)
Low Separation Capacity
125
FFF Reprocessing
10
High Separation Capacity
500
50
FFF Reprocessing
The priority for SF recycling, enrichment percentages and losses associated with
fabrication will be left at their default values. The three strategies that CAFCA IIB uses,
LWR/CONFU, LWR/ABR and LWR/GFR, have the corresponding core specifications seen in
Tables 4, 5 and 6 below. The specifications for this section were taken from the Aquien report
[1], however for further reference more detailed CONFU, ABR and GFR resources are provided
in Schwageraus et al. [3], Romano et al. [4] and from the CEA Cadarache et al. [5], respectively.
Table 4: LWR core specifications
LWR Core Specifications
Power
3,000 MWth
Power Density
104.5 kWth/I
Net Electric Output 1,000 MWe
Fuel
UO2
4.2% U2 35
Enrichment
Burnup
50 MWd/kg
Number of Batches 3
Refueling Interval
1.5 years
Table 5: ABR core specifications
ABR Core Specifications
Power
700 MWth
Power Density
76.5 kWth/I
Net Electric Output 315 MWe
Fuel
Metallic Zr-TRU
Number of Batches 2
Refueling Interval
1.2 years
Table 6: GFR core specifications
GFR Core Specifications
2,400 MWth
Power
Power Density
100 kWth/l
Net Electric Output 1,128 MWe
Fuel
U-TRU carbide
Number of Batches 3
2.5 years
Refueling Interval
All case studies in this report are based on the one-region setting in CAFCA IIB and do not allow
for any interaction or exchange of spent fuel with other countries.
Chapter II. CAFCA II Results and Conclusions
Appendices A-D include the results for the TRU balance and SF reprocessing schemes
produced from CAFCA II. The CAFCA IIB results are juxtaposed next to the corresponding
CAFCA II results for comparison, discussed in Chapter IV. Based on the CAFCA II results it
was determined that the capacity for building recycling facilities is more limiting than that for
fast reactors with respect to TRU inventory reduction. Additionally, the reduction of TRU
inventory in interim storage by 2100 by ABR and CONFU is comparable when the construction
rate of advanced technologies is large enough. Finally, TRU recycling in CONFU/LWRs can
avoid more TRUs in the system than either fertile-free ABR or GFR. However, if U resource
utilization is a goal along with the TRU waste management, then GFRs with a conversion rate of
1.0 are the preferred choice [1].
Chapter III. Overview of Modification from CAFCA II to IIB
CAFCA II and CAFCA IIB are exactly the same except for the modifications to the user
interface and changes in the feedback loop that makes sure the capacity factor of the recycling
facilities is satisfied before building any additional facilities.
The most apparent modifications to CAFCA II are those pertaining to the user interface.
CAFCA IIB has a graphical user interface that is more user-friendly than that of CAFCA II.
Warnings regarding limitations of the model and input constraints were added in order to ensure
that the user was aware of the acceptable inputs. In this same vein, the inputs for the model can
be seen in CAFCA IIB at any point during code operation by selecting the "see current initial
conditions" option. This allows the user to check current parameters before, during and after the
code-running process so no data is misrepresented due to user error. In an effort to increase the
ease of usage of the code, CAFCA II was modified so that more than one screen can be open at a
time [2]. A significant improvement in the code is that CAFCA IIB allows the user to save input
data, load saved files and save simulation results. This is key for the comparison and analysis of
large numbers of simulations.
The inputs to CAFCA IIB are grouped into screens by likeness and the output figures are
grouped by region, allowing the user to input similar parameters at the same time and view
cohesive results together. The user help file has been modified to be more clear, concise and
easy to understand.
The default settings for CAFCA IIB are an LWR/ABR scheme with the ABR introduced
in 2040, separation plant capacity ofl000 MT/yr, reprocessing plant capacity of 50 MT/yr, and
minimum loading factor of 0.60. CAFCA IIB can be used as a stand-alone in the form of
CAFCA.EXE on any Windows computer or other machine that has the same operating system as
the machine on which the application was compiled. However, the menu for figures does not
work in this setting [2].
While no specifics regarding the changes in the fuel cycle model were given, the iteration
loop that predicts whether recycling facilities can be built based on TRU accumulation was
changed from CAFCA II to CAFCA IIB. The feedback to satisfy the capacity factor of the
recycling facilities was also changed. Based on the results comparing the outputs from the two
codes discussed in Chapter IV, modifications to this loop have to be made as the results disagree
in several cases. It should be noted that the output figure titles changed from "TRU mass
balance [MT]," "Spent fuel separation plants" and "FFFsf reprocessing plants" in CAFCA II to
"TRU mass balance [MT] - Region 1," "Recycling plants -UO2sf - Region 1" and "Recycling
plants - Adv SF- Region 1," respectively, in CAFCA IIB. Chapter V and VI discuss the various
parameters of the disagreeing cases and try to pinpoint the appropriate operating range of the
code based on this knowledge.
Chapter IV. Comparison of CAFCA II and CAFCA IIB Results
CAFCA II and CAFCA IIB were used to model cases where the plant was either
LWR/CONFU, LWR/ABR or LWR/GFR. In each of these cases, the recycling facility capacity
was set to small, medium or large (specifications in Table 2), and the advanced technology
industrial building capacity was chosen to be either low or high (specifications in Table 3). All
possible combinations of these variables were chosen as inputs to CAFCA IIB, and finally all of
those permutations were computed for recycling plant lifetimes of 30, 40 or 50 years.
TRU mass balance, spent fuel separation plants and FFF SF reprocessing plants are all
output for a single run in CAFCA IIB. Appendices A-D show the results from CAFCA II and
CAFCA IIB side-by-side as to evaluate the differences between the two codes when the same
inputs are used. The first detail that must be noted is that there are scaling differences between
the plots generated from CAFCA II and CAFCA IIB, so while some plots do not look equal,
upon investigation of the axes they might be. Overall, none of the results from CAFCA II and
CAFCA IIB matched up perfectly. For the LWR/CONFU strategy, the high advanced
technology setting was most effective at generating similar results in CAFCA IIB as in CAFCA
II. The TRU mass balances are the same and the SFRP plots are almost exactly alike with the
exception of the large recycling facility case. The same is true of the LWR/ABR scheme,
however the TRU mass balances resulting from this setting do not correspond. In the
LWR/GFR scheme, the low and high advanced technologies options were equally successful at
replicating CAFCA II results, with none of the TRU mass balance plots matching up nor the
large recycling facility capacity SFRP results.
One effect that was not studied was the extrapolation of model behavior as a function of
TRU buildup. If the model dependence on TRU accumulation could be discerned from the plots
of the TRU mass balance and recycling plant production, then the model could be more
effectively studied. Thus, with the model dependence on TRU buildup known, the results of
CAFCA II and CAFCA IIB could be compared as far as the dependence on TRU buildup rather
than pure plotted results. If the TRU buildup is different in CAFCA II than it is in CAFCA IIB
for the same initial conditions, than clearly the SFRP construction is also going to differ between
the two codes. But, if the TRU-plant relationship could be determined and compared for each
strategy, perhaps the two codes would not seem to perform so differently. It is this TRU-SFRP
construction relationship that is most important, as it will govern whatever initial conditions
input into either code.
For the low advanced technologies case in the LWR/CONFU strategy, both CAFCA II
and CAFCA IIB responded as expected in terms of building SFRP while TRU is present and
accumulating (comparison of Figures 1, 2, 7 & 8). For the low advanced technologies case in the
LWR/ABR strategy, the TRU mass balances hardly agree and as a result the SFRP results are
very different. However, in CAFCA IIB it appears as though TRU is piling up and no plants are
being built to deal with it until very late in the time period (Figures 3, 4, 9 & 10). In the
LWR/GFR strategy, the TRU mass balances between the two codes do not agree, however the
SFRP constructions do agree for the small and medium recycling facility capacities.
Additionally, in the large recycling facility capacity case the SFRP plots are very similar, so
perhaps some discrepancies could be attributed to changes in scale and axes (Figures 5, 6, 11 &
12).
In the high advanced technologies case in the LWR/CONFU strategy, the TRU mass
balances between CAFCA II and CAFCA IIB do not agree, but the SFRP projections do agree
for the small and medium recycling facility options (Figures 13, 14, 19 & 20). In the LWR/ABR
case, the TRU projections are closer than they were for the LWR/CONFU strategy, however they
still don not agree. This result is very interesting because the SFRP figures agree completely in
all cases of recycling facility capacities (Figures 15, 16, 21 & 22). For the LWR/GFR strategy,
the TRU projections have the same trend, but again do not agree completely. The SFRP figures
agree in the small and medium recycling facility capacity models but not in that for the large
recycling facility capacity (Figures 17, 18, 23 & 24).
Chapter V. Determination of Sensible Operating Range
for CAFCA IIB
V.A. Summary from Comparison of CAFCA H and CAFCA IHB Results
No results from CAFCA II could be replicated exactly in CAFCA IIB with the same
initial settings. The differences between the two outputs are mainly due to code changes
specifically on the feedback from checking on the expected capacity factor of the recycling
facility and advanced reactor assembly. The high advanced technology option performed the
best in the CAFCA II and CAFCA IIB comparison. This suggests that the loop affecting the
generation of spent fuel recycling facilities was changed in the modification of the codes and
therefore while TRU accumulation may stay the same, the model behaves differently in response
to it.
V.B. Inspection of CAFCA HB Results with Recycling PL of 30 Years
Appendices E-H contain the results from the simulations run in CAFCA IIB with a plant
lifetime of 30 years, as opposed to the 40 year lifetime used in Appendices A-D. Interestingly
enough, the optimal conditions for the 30 year PL that result in plots similar to those in CAFCA
II and CAFCA IIB are the same conditions discussed that resulted in the best plots from CAFCA
II and CAFCA IIB. This means that the high advanced technologies setting in the LWR/CONFU
and LWR/ABR strategies and the low advanced technologies setting in the LWR/GFR strategy
are optimal.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the low CONFU strategy are figure 25 (30
year, CAFCA IIB), figure 2 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 1 (40 year, CAFCA II). None of
these TRU plots are in agreement as far as mass balance trends (the overall mass balance should
be different since the recycling plant lifetimes are different). The corresponding SRFP figures
are figure 28, figure 8 and figure 7. A trend for the medium plant capacity seems to be present in
each of these figures, however the other SRFP figures do not agree in trend or in value.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the low ABR strategy are figure 26 (30 year,
CAFCA IIB), figure 4 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 3 (40 year, CAFCA II). The trends
present in figure 26 agree with those in figure 4 for all plant capacities, however neither agrees
with figure 3. The corresponding SFRP figures are figure 29, figure 10 and figure 9. The trends
in figure 10 agree with those in figure 29, however neither agrees with those in figure 9.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the low GFR strategy are figure 27 (30 year,
CAFCA IIB), figure 6 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 5 (40 year, CAFCA II). None of the
trends present in any of these figures agree with each other. The corresponding SFRP figures are
figure 30, figure 12 and figure 11. All of the trends in these figures agree with each other.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the high CONFU strategy are figure 31 (30
year, CAFCA IIB), figure 14 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 13 (40 year, CAFCA II). The
trends present in figure 13 agree with those in figure 14 and those in figure 31. The
corresponding SRFP figures are figure 34, figure 20 and figure 19. The trends present in figure
19 agree with those present in figure 34 except for those in the small capacity case and the trends
in figure 19 agree with those in figure 20 except for in the large capacity case.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the high ABR strategy are figure 32 (30 year,
CAFCA IIB), figure 16 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 15 (40 year, CAFCA II). The trends
present in figure 32 agree with those in figure 15, and seem to agree with but are shifted in figure
15. The corresponding SFRP figures are figure 35, figure 22 and figure 21. All of the trends
present in these figures agree with each other.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the high GFR strategy are figure 33 (30 year,
CAFCA IIB), figure 18 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 17 (40 year, CAFCA II). The trends
for all of these figures agree, however in the small capacity case the maximum TRU mass
balance is extremely different in figure 33 than it is for the other two figures. The corresponding
SFRP figures are figure 36, figure 24 and figure 23. All of the trends in these figures agree
except for those in the large capacity case which do not correspond in any of the plots.
V. C Inspection of CAFCA IIB Results with Recycling PL of 50 Years
Appendices I-L contain the results from the simulation runs in CAFCA IIB with a plant
lifetime of 50 years. The optimal conditions for the PL of 40 years are exactly the same as those
for the 30 year PL. In these conditions, the TRU and SFRP agree completely with the 30 year
PL and almost completely with the 40 year PL. However, even with these conditions, the TRU
and SFRP for the LWR/ABR strategy are not accurate. The same is true for the LWR/GFR case
where the TRU and SFRP do not correlate to each other well. With this information in mind, the
best settings in the 50 year PL case that achieve the most accurate results are in the high
advanced technologies setting in the LWR/CONFU and LWR/ABR strategies and the low
advanced technologies setting in the LWR/GFR strategy.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the low CONFU strategy are figure 37 (50
year, CAFCA IIB), figure 2 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 1 (40 year, CAFCA II). The
trends in figure 37 agree with those in figure 2 except for in the medium capacity case and agree
with those in figure 1 except for the large capacity case. The corresponding SRFP figures are
figure 40, figure 8 and figure 7. The trends present in figure 40 agree with those in figure 7 and
figure 8 except for in the large capacity case.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the low ABR strategy are figure 38 (50 year,
CAFCA IIB), figure 4 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 3 (40 year, CAFCA II). The trends
present in figure 38 do not agree with those in figure 3, but do agree with those in figure 4. The
corresponding SFRP figures are figure 41, figure 10 and figure 9. The trends in figure 41 only
agree with those in figure 9 in the small capacity case, and agree with those in figure 10 except
for in the medium capacity case.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the low GFR strategy are figure 39 (50 year,
CAFCA IIB), figure 6 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 5 (40 year, CAFCA II). The trends
present in figure 39 agree with those in figure 5 only in the small capacity case, and agree with
the trends in figure 6 in the medium capacity case. Figures 5 and 6 agree in the high capacity
case. The corresponding SFRP figures are figure 42, figure 12 and figure 11. The trends present
in figure 42 agree with those in figure 11 and figure 12.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the high CONFU strategy are figure 43 (50
year, CAFCA IIB), figure 14 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 13 (40 year, CAFCA II). The
trends in figure 43 agree with those in figure 13 and figure 14. The corresponding SRFP figures
are figure 46, figure 20 and figure 19. All of the trends present in figure 46 agree with those in
figure 19 and figure 20.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the high ABR strategy are figure 44 (50 year,
CAFCA IIB), figure 16 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 15 (40 year, CAFCA II). None of the
trends present in any of these figures agree. The corresponding SFRP figures are figure 47,
figure 22 and figure 21. The trends present in figure 47 agree with those in figure 21 and figure
22 except for in the medium capacity case.
The figures for comparison of the TRU for the high GFR strategy are figure 45 (50 year,
CAFCA IIB), figure 18 (40 year, CAFCA IIB) and figure 17 (40 year, CAFCA II). The large
capacity cases in all of these figures agree in trends, however the other two capacity cases do not.
The corresponding SFRP figures are figure 48, figure 24 and figure 23. Figure 48 does not agree
with figure 24 or figure 23 in the small capacity case, however it does agree with both in the
medium and large capacity cases.
Chapter VI. Conclusion
CAFCA II, a fuel cycle simulation tool, was written in Matlab and has since been
modified to the latest version CAFCA IIB. By tracking the mass distribution of TRU and U in
the nuclear fuel cycle, the code projects the building of recycling facilities based on certain
constraints that must always be followed. The main parameters for use in this study are
1. Fuel cycle option: CONFU (introduced in 2015), ABR or GFR fast recycling
schemes (either introduced in 2040).
2. Recycling facility capacity: small (1,000 MTHM/yr separation plants and 50
MTHM/yr FFF reprocessing plants), medium (2,000 MTHM/yr separation plants
and 100 MTHM/yr FFF reprocessing plants) and large (7,000 MTHM/yr
separation plants and 200 MTHM/yr FFF reprocessing plants).
3. Advanced technology building capacity: low case (construction capacity of
separation plants is 150 MTHM/yr and construction capacity of FFF reprocessing
plants is 15 MTHM/yr, and these numbers double at 2040) and high case
(construction capacity of separation plants is 500 MTHM/yr and construction
capacity of FFF reprocessing plants is 50 MTHM/yr, and these numbers double at
2040).
4. Recycling plant lifetime: 30, 40 or 50 years.
By investigating all combinations of all of these parameters, the operating range of
CAFCA IIB can be determined by seeking out the agreements between TRU mass balance and
SFRP building. Additionally, by comparing the various plant lifetimes, the dependence on this
particular variable can be determined and agreements across all PL can be assessed.
The low advanced technology setting with 50 year PL is appropriate for determining
TRU mass balance in LWR/CONFU. The high advanced technology setting with 30, 40 and 50
year PL works for almost all TRU mass balance and SFRP calculations in LWR/CONFU. The
high advanced technology in LWR/ABR is appropriate for the SFRP in the 40 yr PL, but not for
the TRU mass balance calculations. Additionally, the SFRP works in the 30 yr PL and is
roughly suitable for use in the 50 year PL. The TRU in both of these cases are not in agreement.
In the LWR/GFR strategy, both the low and the high advanced technologies are fitting for SFRP
in 30 year PL and 50 year PL, however this does not fit for the TRU in either case. The low and
high advanced technologies have equal results with the 40 year PL with none of the TRU results
corresponding and only approximately 2/3 of the SFRP results corresponding. Thus, the
operating range for CAFCA IIB depends on the operating parameters in the simulation. There is
no fine line at which the TRU mass balances in CAFCA IIB stop corresponding to the SFRP
projections, instead this type of line exists in each setting in the code and under every strategy
option.
References
[1].
[2].
A. Aquien, M.S. Kazimi and P. Hejzlar, Thesis: Fuel Cycle Optionsfor Optimized
Recycling ofNuclear Fuel, MIT-NFC-TR-086, Cambridge: MIT Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Technology and Policy Program, June 2006.
Personal communication with Rodney Busquim, May 2007.
[3]
E. Schwageraus, P. Hejzlar, and M.S. Kazimi, Optimization of the LWR Nuclear Fuel Cycle for
Minimum Waste Production,MIT-NFC-TR-060, CANES, MIT, October 2003
[4]
T.Boscher, P. Hejzlar, M.S. Kazimi, N.E. Todreas, and A.Romano, Alternative Fuel Cycle
Strategies For Nuclear Power Generation In the 21st Century, MIT-NFC-TR-070-Rev. 1, CANES,
MIT, June 2005.
[5]
CEA Cadarache, CEA Sacley, Argonne National lab, General Atomics, Brookhaven National
Lab, MIT, Development of Generation IV Advanced gas-Cooled Reactors with Hardened/Fast
Neutron Spectrum, System Design Report GFR023, February 2005.
This page intentionally left blank.
Appendix A: TRU mass balance - Low case with 40 yr. PL (II & IIB)
TRU mass balance [iT]
O0
TRU mass balance [MT
-TRU in speit fuel :ndergoing cooling
STRU in spent fuel after cooling perio(
-LWR cores
"....
Fast Reactors CQrei
TRU mass balance [MT]
00
iii)
Figure 1: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA II - Low case, 40 yr. PL
TRU mass balance EI
-
Region .
inO Coling Storage
II
*=lnterim Storage
aUSWR Cores
iniItlitIR COes
[inCooing Stor.age
*,.intei•m Storage
OULW RCores
IWUHIPR Qores$
___·
MPC.olig Storage
*U•Intenm Storag..
SOMLWR COres
III.lIIlIFR CoreS
oO
iii)
Figure 2: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL
TRU mass balance IMT
-TRU in spent fuel undergoing cooling
-- TRU in spent fuel aftr cooling perio' LWR cores
""....
Fast Reactors Core.
TRU mass balance [MT]
- TRU in sf. undergoing cooling
"*,,'*TRU In St. after cooling period
Lf*-WR cores
Reactors Cores
0111111m,
Fast
OO
00
TRU mass balance .[M.
00
iii)
Figure 3: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA II - Low case, 40 yr. PL
TRU mass balance [MT] -- Region I
nrrvr
3000
2500
mCooling Storage
S**
1Interim Storage
2000
1m3 LWR Cores
1500
IInilriFR Cores
1000
500
n
2x0
8000
2020
2040
2060
20
2100
TRU mass balance [MT]- Region I
70O0
1
N
Cooling Storage
**Ilnterim Storage
5000
112LWR Cores
3000
IIIIIIII FR Cores
2000
1000
I ··
~
2000
2020
2040
~
20
2080
2100
TRU mass balance [(M -- Region I
01m Cooling Storage
SaM tlnterim Storage
*1 LWR Cores
III'II"I"FR Cores
iii)
:000
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
Figure 4: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL
TRU mass balance [MT]
4000
I
3000
E
2000
-
S
1000
I.,I
imenmea em
.*~
m metl**'*
-
I
L
-
200o
20G- -wTRU in st. undergoing
-- 80O
cooling
*I*
*TRU
I.
2100
in s. after cooling period
***'*LWR cores
10"
1.1."1
Fast Reactors Cores
TRU mass balance [MT]
00
InrrLI
TRU mass balance [MT]
00
iii)
Figure 5: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA II- Low case, 40 yr. PL
41
TRU mass balance [MT
--
Region I
31
mMCooling Storage
'1Interim Storage
0m1ELWR Cores
MMIIIIIIFR Cores
2
V1
tI
TRU mass balance [MT-
Region I
ammCooling Storage
*'*Interm Storage
4104 LWR
Cores
ll•FR
0Coes
L
TRU mass balance [MT] - Region I
4MC
350
30
mOmOCooling Storage
S*'lnterim Storage
rImniLWR Cores
IIIIIIIIIIFR Cores
250
15C
10(
5(
00
iii)
Figure 6: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL
Appendix B: Spent fuel recycling plants - Low case with 40 yr. PL (II & IIB)
FFFsf reprocessing plants
Spent fuel separation plants
4
10
2
02000
020
24
2020
2040
2-
-Nuumber]
2100
2080
2060
2000
2020
2040
2060
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
2080
2100
1
1
0.5
Factor
0-Capacity
0
2000
2020
2040
1 - Buit
0.52
2000
2060
2080
2100
2040
2060
2100
2080
2000
FFFsf reprocessing plants
Spent fuel separation plants
21
220
2020
2040
2060
'-
2020
2040
2080
2 -Number
2080
00
10
2080
2100
20
202200
2040
200 2020
2100
2080
- Capacity Factor]
Capacity Factor
2080
Capat FactorI
-
1
0.5
201
I8
20
10
2020
0.5
0
2000
2100
0.5
20R0 0202 2080
2080
2100
2080
2080
2100
2080
210 )0
0.5
2020
2040
2060
2100
2080
2020
200
2040
FFFFf reprocessing plants
Spent fuel separation plants
4
1
0.5
2-
-Number
2? 0O
1
2020
2040
2060
2020
2040
2060
0.5
IC10
2080
2020
2080
2040
-capacity
-Capacity Factor
,oFa
2080
o.it f Bt
0.5-
2%0
2
2100
2020
2040
2060
2080
n1I
2100
2020
2040
2100
200
2060
1-
i
u
·
""=
Factor
A
d'-Built
2oo00
2020
2040
2080
2100
2080
2100
'
2060
iii)
Figure 7: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA II - Low case, 40 yr. PL
Recycling plants - UO2sf-- Region I
4
Recycli ng plants - Adv SF -- Region I
2
-Number
2010
2020
2030
2040 20
260
2070
2080 2090 2100
05 -
-
10
30
2020
040 2050
20
2070
2080 2090
2100
-; Capacity Factor
0.5-
JCapacity Factor
1
05
2010
0 20
2040
230
2050
2060
2070
2080 2090
.10 2020
2100
2340
2030
2050 2060 2070 200 2090 2100
05
[
2020 2030
2040 2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
1 2020
2030 2340 M
2070
200
2090
2100
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Region I
Recye
ing
plants
-
Adv
2 2
SF
-
Region
I
INurnmber_
10
2020
2030
0.5
-:•
"'- • •,,,•
•,"'*r
---------7
2040
2060
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
0
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080 2090
2100
2060
2070
2080 2090
2100
206
2070
2080
2090
2100
2090
2100
Capacity Factor
Capaacity Factor
12
2040202G 2060
•2
0
.0.5
210 2020 2030 2040 20
200
0 200 2090 2100
Recycling plants- UO2sf - Region 1
1
I-
I
Nu'berl
.5
10 2020
2030
2040
I
2050
0202203 4
Recycling plants - Adv SF -- Region I
1:
i
2060
2070
2080
I 1 0.2090
2100
nh
I
I
I
1
.110
2020
2030
2040
2050
5
mod
2050
apacity Fa or
20
2070
',ub
r
2080
..
paty Factor
CaVI
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
0.5
D0
NJ,
1010 2 20 30 2040 2050 2060 2070 20B0 209 22100
iii)
Figure 8: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL
Spent fuel separation plants
0
FFFsf reprocessing plants
1
20-Number!
2020
2000
1
2040
2060
2080
2100
.
0.5
1
20002020
2040
-Capacity Factor
2100
2060
2080
AMMMWA0MII
0.51
2000
2000
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
0.5
2000
-Capaity
2060
2080
2100
2100
2060
2080
2100
2080
2100
[i
2020
2040
2060
& 2020
2020
2040
2080
20'60
2080
20'80
2100
2020
M0
2040
200
2080
2100
2000
2080
2100
apac
1
0.5[
2080
FFFSf reprocessing plants
2Number
2040
2040
057
2000
2060
Factor••
2020
Spent fuel separation plants
2020
2040
2020
2040
2100
,-Capacity
Facctor
200 2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
2
0.5
0.5
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
0
202
FFFsf reprocessing plants
Spent fuel separation plants
-Number
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
A. Jnro
2&
2020
2040
-Capacity
Factor
2020
2040
20
24
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
2000
2080
2100
1
-Capacity
Factor
2%0
2020
2040
0.50
20
LBu!ltJ
2
2ft
2020
M40
0.5
2080
2060
2080
2M
2100
.210
2
2%0
20••-11it0
2060
2080
2100
iii)
Figure 9: SFRP for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA II - Low case, 40 yr. PL
Recycling plants - UO2sf -- Region I
F
I
0
2010
1
2020 2030 2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
,
10 2020
Recycling plants - Adv SF - Region I
,
,
,
'
,'
',
,
-_Number
2030
2040
20302
040
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
20
02
2070
20
2090
2100
2
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
2100
0.5
05
20
10 2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070 2080
2030
2
2W
206
20;7
2090
2100
0.5
0
201
200
1
28
2010
1
2020
I
)'>
Recycling plants - UO2sf -- Region I
1
-N
T'
Recycling plants - Adv SF - Region I
o5
mber
eNumber
i
00
I-
2020 2030
05
0.5
10
2020
20
2040
2060
206
2070 2080
2090
00
2040 2050 2
1J0 2020 2030 2040
211
270 2080
3
2090 210
Capacity Factor
205o
2060 2070
2080 2090
11
2100
¸
05
0.5
D0
2010 :;5; rose 3;40 2050' 2060 20o.0
20M0 2090 21
Recycling1 plants - UO2sf -- Reaion I
I
I
I
;-1
I
2020 22010
2040
r
-I
N
umber
2060
2060
2070 2080
1
Recycling plants - Adv SF - Reion I
-1
Numiber
2090 2100
2010
1
2020
I Capaci'ty Factor
15
S
20
2040
20 3 2080
2070
2080
2090
2100
CapacityFactor
0.5
0
o2010
2020
2030
2040
20
2060
2080
2020
2030
2040
200
2060
2070
I
0
200
209
II
2090 2100oo
SBuilt
0.5
2010
2070
10
2020
2030
2040
0
2100
iii)
Figure 10: SFRP for LWR/ABR Strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL
00
30
Spent fuel separation plants
-Number
52020
2040
2060
2080
2100
1
o.
20
I-Capacity Factor
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
Spent fuel separation plants
20
2
]--Number
2020.
2040
2060
2080
21100
-Capaz Factor200
2020
ii)20
2040
2060
2080
2100
2D40
2060
28
210
ii)
Spent fuel separation plants
2
2020
2040
2080
2080
2100
2060
2000
2100
-Capacty Factor
0.5
2966- 2020
2040
iii)
Figure 11: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA II - Low case, 40 yr. PL
yciingplants - UO2st- Region I
20
20
20.
nd
7.1
200
:.
ber.
6
:200
20W0
2060
I
-.-
·
-
10 2
20i0 204020
O2060.
2060 200
t70
0
CapacFactor
2100
200 oO2
"A
A I A'20 A
MA:2
2o200
20
t
.. '0209 2A
Re, cling plants - UQ2sft- Region I
VnCepdi
2
Po
2303b20
m20
200
86o
2 0e70 2080
0 2000
400205
2090
]
2100
2080 I=.
fReycing9ant - UO2sf - Region I
10.
2020
201w4 2D00
2050
. 2070
. 2.
2 al
10
0'5s
1 202
S2020
m
W
2050 2060 200 20.0
20
6020701
200
:I2100:
200
2100:
iii)
Figure 12: SFRP for LWR/GFR Strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 40 yr. PL
Appendix C: TRU mass balance - High case with 40 year PL (H & IIB)
TRU mass balance [MT
TRU mass balance [MT:
-TRU inspent fuel undergoing coolint
*TRU Inspent fuel after cooling periot
--LWR cores
TRU mass balance [MT
-TRU ij spent fuel undergoing cooling
- TRU in spent fuelafter cooling periot
" LWR coes:
Fast Reactors Core
00
iii)
Figure 13: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA II - High case, 40 yr. PL
:MT] - Region I
TRU.rmass balane
IMMa Cooling Storage
*iiInterimStorage
I LMtWR Cores
nIIHiNIFR Cores
---- TRU mass balanceo•M]
-
Regil
Mi
10
MWCooling Storage
i0Iinter1m Storage
-LWR CorFes
IIIIuIIIIIFR COrs
IU
*I
MmCooling
Storage
.
N•triStorage
llCaalr.cores
Coresg
HilIUIIIF
Figure 14: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 40 yr. PL
TRU mass balance [MT
-TRU in spent fuel undergoing coolinc
"-TRU in spent fuel after cooling perioc
- LWR cores
.--Fast Reactors Cores
TRU mass balancie (MT
-TRU
-"
inspent fuel undergoing cooling
TRU in spent fuel after cooling periot
LWR cores
......
Fast Reactors Core.
TRiU mass balance [MT
oo
iii)
Figure 15: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA II - High case, 40 yr. PL
TRU mass balance, MTI - Region I
iMCooling Storage
m ' Interim Storage
SIL
NWR Cores
I,,,FRCores
Iun
i-
"d,
M
oling Storage
SMrntrim
S, torage
SLmR Cores
*IIIIIIIIIR Cores
In
•
-·
MMM~Cootiri Storaige
*moInterimrStorage
MWWLWT Cores
I
FlIHRR ",Cores
DO
Figure 16: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 40 yr. PL
TRU mass balance [MT]
ýloo
i
TRU mass balance [MT]
DO
iI
TRU mass balance [MT]
00
iii)
Figure 17: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA H- High case, 40 yr. PL
[MT] - Region I
'^^^ TRU mass balance
4UU00
3500
3000
inCooling Storage
S**i~nterim Storage
ImUIaLWR Cores
2500
2000
IIIIIIII"PFR Cores
1500
1000
2000
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
~--- TRU mass balance [MT - Region I
4000
3500
3000
riCooling Storage
*i Intenim Storage
wimLWR Cores
2500
2000
BtiIlIIFR Cores
1500
1000
600
lo
v
2000
2020
2040
2060
2
2100
TRU mass balance [MT] -- Region I
ý ýCooling Storage
Interim Storage
m# LWR Cores
I ~lulFR Cores
*
CIO
iii)
Figure 18: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA HIB - High case, 40 yr. PL
Appendix D: Spent fuel recycling plants - High case with 40 yr. PL (II & IIB)
Spent fuel separation plants
10
0 2000
1
2020
2040
0.5
2020
2040
---- -- . ........................
.............................
2060
2080
2100
2000
1•
2060
2080
2020
2040
2060
2100
2020
2040
2080
2080
2100
2040
2060
2080
2100
2000
0
2100
Factor]
0.5
2020
2040
2020
2040
.5
2000
2080
-Capacity
2000
2060
2080
2100
2000
2020
Spent fuel separation plants
10.
u4umeýrj-
0.5
Factor
0.5
2000
L--N
2
-Capacity
2000
FFFsf reprocessing plants
I-Number
2080
2080
FFFsf reprocessing plants
2100
I-Capacity Factorl
2020
2040
2060
0
0.5
2080
2100
2000
2080
2100
20
2000
2o20
2040
22020
2040
-C........
2060
2080
2100
2080
2080
208
2100
2100
So0.5.5
2000
2020
2040
2060
Spent fuel separation plants
&
0.5
U0
2000
2020
2040
capacity Factor
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
1
2060
2060
FFFsf reprocessing plants
2
2000
40
2000
i
20
2040
2-Nu0602
2ber100
2020
2040
2080
2080
2100
-Capacity
Factor
2020
2040
2060
2080
11
2080
2100
0.5
2080
2100
U
2000
2100
.
0.50
2020
2040
2060
208
2000
2020
2040
2060
2080
I-BuI
2100
a-l
·
2000
2020
2040
2060
Ik
iii)
Figure 19: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA H - High case, 40 yr. PL
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Region I
Recycling plants - Adv SF - Region I
5-
,-umober
2010 20
2030
2040 2050 2060
2010 2020 2030
2040 2050 2060
2070
2080
2090 2100
i Capacity Factor
2070 2080
2090 2100
0 05
10 2020 230 2D40 200 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
Recycling plants - UO2s - Region I
5
Recycling plants -Adv SF - Region I
2
-Number
Number
"
DO
2020
2030
2040
2050
2010
2020
2030
2040
205o 2o6)
10
2
2060
2070
2080
2090
..
2100
0Capacity Factor
10
10
2020
2090
2100
2020
20b3
2
2050
2060
207
200
Recycling plants - U2s -- Region
2030
2090
2100
2020 20
1
02
Number
2040
2060
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
0 2020
G.apacity Factor
0.5
.
=-
2040 20o5 2060 2070
2080 2090 2100
Recycfing plants - Adv SF - Region I
2030
C..c..
2040
:20502060
Factor..
C apacit F a
2070 2000
20902100
r
y ctoI
05
0
2010
1
0.5
2080
051
4
4
2070
2020
2030
040
2050
A AAl
2080
2070
2080
-
Iin~8uiltI
-
2010 2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070 20O0
2090
2090
2100
-.
2100
4110 2020
2030 20403 2050
I
II
2060 2070
"1
2080 2090
2100
200
2100
Built
2020 2030
2040 2
2060 2070
20
iii)
Figure 20: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 40 yr. PL
20
Spent fuel separation plants
- ... ...................
._
FFFsf reprocessing plants
. ..............-
10.
10
2020
2000
1
2040
2060
0.5--
2000
2100
2020
2000
1I
2040
Capacity Factor
2020
2040
1iLt1J
2020
2000
2080
2060
2080
2060
-05CapacityFactor
2100
2000
2020
2040
2060
2080
2020
2040
2060
2080
1
2040
20680
2080
2100
2080
2100
2000
2100
M
2100
i)
FFFsf reprocessing plants
Spent fuel separation plants
er
Numumber
2020
2000
0.5_
2060
2020
2040
2000
0
2100
2080
2100
2000
0.5
.
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
-
2000
. M1III
0.5
0.5
2000
2080
-Capaclty Factor!
ý--0--
o.
1Ii
2000
2040
2020
0
2040
2080
2100
0
ii)
FFFsf reprocessing plants
Spent fuel separation plants
4
26oo
0.5
2000
-Number
2020
-Capacity
2040
2060
-Number
2080
2100
Factoro
2060
2080
2100
2040
2080
2080
2100
2040
2060
2080
2100
2020
2040
Ca
act
2020
2020
0.5
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
m
0.5
0.5
?6
i0o
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
2@
iii)
Figure 21: SFRP for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA II - High case, 40 yr. PL
Recycling plants - UO2sf -- Region I
,
,
I
,
10
,·
20 S-Number
2
Recycling plants - Adv SF -- Region I
Number
-
2010
1
0.5
010
2020
2030
2040.
2050 2060
Capacity Factor
I
2070
2080
2090
S
2100
0
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
F"
2010
2070
22020
2030
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Region
2040
M5 2060
2090
2100
CapacityFactor
F-;
2020 2030 204 2050 206
2080
2070 2080 2090 2100
2070
20
2
2100
Recycling plants - Adv SF - Region I
5-
2-
Number
2050
2060
2070
2080
CapacIty
0
2010
209
21F00
2020
203
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
2020
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100.
0.510
2040 2050
2020
2040
2030
020
10
M0 2M' 2050 2060 2070 -20
2090 2100
f:13.acto
r
2020
I
Number
0I
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2010
2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 200
090
.. 2
1.02
2060 2070 2080
2090
2100
60 2070
2090
2100
2050
2060
2
2090
2100
0
2
3
di
I -I
21
10
2020
M
0
m 20r
Capacity Factor
2030
20
2050
2060
2070
0
2070
-3
.-.nLn -)
21002
202
2070
Recycling plants - AdvSF - Region I
4
2010
200
2020 2030
Recycling plants - U2sf -- Region I
4~ 1
2040
Factor
2020 2030
2030
10
4
2080
2090
20
2050
2040
w
iii)
Figure 22: SFRP for LWR/ABR Strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 40 yr. PL
2100
Spent fuel separation plants
20
-
-•Number!
10
2)00
2020
2060
2040
0.5ý
2 00
2080
2100
-- Capacity Factor
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
0.5
2~
i)
Spent fuel separation plants
2000
2020
2060
2040
0.5
2080
2100
L-ýCapacity Factor
2020
2
2040
2060
2080
2100
Spent fuel separation plants
2
2060
2080
2100
2040
2060
2080
2100
2040
2060
2080
2100
2020
2040
-Capacity
Factor
2020
2020
:0.5
2
0.5
2&6
iii)
Figure 23: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA II - High case, 40 yr. PL
Recycling plants - UO2sf -- Region I
10
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
-
Number
2080
2090
2100
0.5
Capacity Factor
0
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
208
2090
2100
Recycling plants -UO2sf- Region I
-Number
)10
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
1
....
Capacity Fac tor
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
110
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Regionl
0.5
:
0-
Number
ý CapaciýFactor
2010 2020 2030 2040 200 2060 2070 206 2090 2100
0.5
2010
2070
200 2060
2030 2040
2020
2020Z2a
0
2060 2070m
M
2100
iii)
Figure 24: SFRP for LWR/GFR Strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 40 yr. PL
Appendix E: TRU Mass Balance - Low case in CAFCA IIB with 30 year Plant Lifetime
TRU mass balance [MT] -- Region I
3000
2500
2000
m
il
*"
1500
1000
Cooling Storage
Interim Storage
LWR Cores
Ft"IIIsIFR
Cores
500
n
2020
i"0
2040
2060
2080
2100
TRU mass balance [MT] - Region I
*Cooling Storage
**'Interim Storage
tiillVLWR Cores
"M"""FR Cores
100W 2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
TRU mass balance [MT -- Region I
^M•
•ZE
M=
u
5000
4000
mlCooling Storage
, m IInterim Storage
uw*LWR Cores
3000
miit""
FR Cores
2000
1000
nL
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
iii)
Figure 25: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 30 yr. PL
-- 1
-- Region'l
TR.U mass balance (.T]
45
40
.35
30
M"
Cooling.Stora'ge
- I-lnterinm torage
rl""WRC'C
Cores
20
IHlln:Fh.
C.Ores
6
Comtlig Storage
=~neftn .Storage
se•IWIR Cores
mmunlhR.oes
Tflimass balance [T]a , Regiponl
M
Coolng Storage
l*Interim"Strage
LWetR Cores
IlnntlER Cores
iii)
Figure 26: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 30 yr. PL
TRU mass balance [MT] -- Region I
6000
00
4000
ýa Cooling Storage
S**Interim Storage
30
asm' 3LWR Cores
1IIIIIIIFR
2000
Cores
00
00o
10
n:
2020
00
6000
2040
2060
20
2100
TRU mass balance [MT] -- Region I
4000
3000
"MOCooling Storage
2000
amLWR Cores
Fi"llFR
Cores
S* Ilnterim Storage
1000
n
2020
20
2040
2060
2080
2100
TRU mass balance [M-- Region I
OMMCooling Storage
m U lnterinm Storage
t
LWR Cores
IIIIIIII FR Cores
000
2020
2040
2060
2000
2100
iii)
Figure 27: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 30 yr. PL
Appendix F: SF Recycling Plants - Low case in CAFCA IIB with 30 year Plant Lifetime
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Region I
Recycling plants- Adv SF - Region I
4
-
Number
0 2020203 204
20602060207020802090 2100
05
a
2010
o 2020M
20302040 250 200
2070200M209
/
2020
.
2090
2100
20702080 2090 2100
0122030204 20% 200
-
2020 2030 2
AA
2060 2070 2080
Recyling plants Av SF - Region I
t
, t,Sui
20
2040
20302040 2D06
2100 -J
Recycling plants- JO2st-Region I
l
o
Capaciiy Fac r
- I
i
203
202090
2070
2100
Capacity Factor
Capacily Factor
S2020
20302040
2050 2
207 2080 2090 2100
2050 2080 2070 208 209 2100
0,
5
1
'A
2t220
2M. M26
. . . D02080 2090
Recycling plants- Adv SF -Region 1
Recycling plants - UO2sf- Region I
1Number
1- Number
S--Ia
iii)
2020
203
05apacit
2040 20
6020
2702080
2090
20
2010 2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2083
2010
2100
2
2040
2050
208 020 0
2080
20,90
2100
2o 0
2
205
0 200
aor
O 2020 2030 2040 206 2060 20702080 209021002010
Ri 10 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2090 2090
2103
2020
Figure 28: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy - Low case, 30 yr. PL
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Region I
n
Recycling plants - Adv SF -- Region I
'
'
Number
I
hUi
..
;
2010
i
i
2020
2030
2040
2050
.
2070
2060
I
-Nurnber
2080
I
2090
t
•
i
U' 0N102
,
'2001
203'
2100
1.
'
2040F
•
!
'
,
f~l•'1N
•,
•'
9 0
2080
2090
2100
Capacity Factor
0.5
20102020 2030
2040 2050
I
..
'I:I
I"
.
I
.
.
m'
2070 2080 2090
2060
...
Il
'
210
.rya~
I
1.·
I'
·
::m
Il
S2070
Im
·1 m
2
1-'
l
·I
S
2
I
Number
2060
2070
2050 2060 2070 2080 2090
·
-Number
2040 2050
260
2070 200
2100O
'
-05 -
0C
2090
2100
2020
2010
apacity Factor
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
200
207 2080 2
2080
2090
11
2100
Capacity Factor
0.5 -
2M'D 2040 20o0 206o2070 2080 2090 2100
in rM
a
2020
2030
2040
200
200
iI
4110
2020 2030 2040
1.
2080
2090 21oo0
2070
I
I
I
2050
2100
I- Built
2020 20•0 2040 2060 2060
Recycling plants - UO2sf-- Region I
1.
2060
Recycling plants - AcvSF - Region I
2
fo
2040
2040
NO 02 220 20:30
Recycling plants- UO2sf-- Region I
0 2020 2030
0.5
2030
21
090
110-202 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 20 2090 2100
I
2020
10
I
2070 2 2090 2100
Recycling plants - Adv SF - Region I
@
iNumber
m
0.5
010
2010
2
2020
2030
203
2
20
06
2060
2070
2070
2080
2090
2100
1
0
Capacity Factor
1
0o5S
010
2020
10
I
2020
-
2038
2040
20
0 2060
0
2070
2080 2090
2100
--
Capacity Factor
05
2030
2040
2060
2060
2070
iBuit
t•l
2020
I
203
I
2040
I
2050
I
2060
I
2070
2080 2090210
0
I0
2080
2090
'
10
1
20=
2030
2040
20M
0
2060
2070
•
•
2060
2070
'
2000
'
20
0
Built
0.5L
2100
11
2020
2013 2040
205
2080
2090
2100
iii)
Figure 29: SFRP for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 30 yr. PL
Recycling plants - UO2sf -- Region I
•J
=
II
-Number
~
110
202 20 230
2040
2050
2060
II
I
2070
~~~~
2080
IIIIIIIIIIIII
2090
~~~ 2100
0.5
i
0 2020 2030 2040
Capacity Factor
2050 2060
200 2080 200 2100
200
2070
025
0
2020
2030
2040
2060
20
2090
2100
2090
2100
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Region I
4
LNumber
21310 2020 2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
0.5
Capacity Factor
of 2020
2010
2030 2040 2050
20W
2070 28o
2060
2100
0.5
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 200 2070 2080 2090 2100
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Region I
0.5
' Number
10
2020
2030
2040
2050
200
2NiO
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2
2090
2100
0.5
,
Capacity Factor
2070
2080
2090
2100
2080
2090
2100
Built
0.5
10
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
iii)
Figure 30: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 30 yr. PL
Appendix G: TRU Mass Balance - High case in CAFCA IIB with 30 year Plant Lifetime
^"^ TRU mass balance [MTJ -- Region I
301
251
Om Cooling Storage
i IInterim Storage
RmeaLWR Cores
20
Is
Imuill FR Cores
5
TRU mass balance [MTI -- Region I
ýýCooling Storage
** lnterim Storage
WON LWR Cores
iinIIFR Cores
2ce 2080
S2020mass 2balan040
200
TRU mass balance [MW - Region I
Mm- Cooling Storage
nlInterim Storage
*'LWR Cores
sielilFR Cores
00
iii)
Figure 31: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 30 yr. PL
SIa.Cooling Storage.
miiLWR: Cores
IInInIl FR Cores
ICooling torage
S SApterim Storage
IiLntWR Cores
IImINlp
'F•;•ores
i
mlCooling Storage
i,,l,•metR Cores
tenta:itR Cre
iii)
Figure 32: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy - High case, 30 yr. PL
amiCooling Storage
* IInterim Storage
O"L.WR Cores
InIIIIII FR Cores
40m
TRU mass balance.M[.I
UOWCooling Storage
i* Interim Storage
#.•.
2o00
aSl0sLWR Cores
IIIIIIHIFR: Cores
600
. -
Region I
q
mm0
,2020
'M
2100
"W200
SOU Cooling Storage
*mlInterim Storage
U LtWR Cores
•uiImNIFR Core•
iii)
Figure 33: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA HB - High case, 30 yr. PL
Appendix H: SF Recycling Plants - High case in CAFCA IIB with 30 year Plant Lifetime
Recycling plants - UO2sf -- Region I
20
-
10
2020
110
2030
2040
Recycling plants - Adv SF - Region I
_
_
__
4_
Number
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090 2100 2010 2020
11
.5t I
2030
2040
2050 2060
2070
2080 2090
2100
R
I
-1 0.5I_
____
10 2020
2030
2040
200
1
Capacity Factor
2
ity Factor
2C2apac,
__
2060
2070
2080
90
2100
1
Number
-i
2020
2030
2040
2050
20
2070
2080
2090
2100
i)
101 ,
' -
Recycling plants - IO2s - Region I
Number
10 202
30
,'
''
Recycling plants - Adv SF - Region I
2.
2040 200 200
2070 20B0 2090
2100
10 2020 200
2040 2050 2060
70 20
2
2100
5Capacity FactorF
10 2020
0
2030
2040
2050
200
2070
20
2D40.
200
200
270 2080 200• 2100
2080
2090
2100
2020 2030 2040 2050
200
2
20
2060 2070 2080 200
2100
2070 2080 200
2100
2060
ii)
Recycling pants - A SF- Region I
Recycling plants U2s - Region I
r10
0- -n
10 2020
2030
0.5
28
21
0
MO
-
Capacity Factor
2030 2040 2050 20M0 2070 208
,20M
2090 21010
2030
20800 2050
208
27
2090
207
'2D902
2100
Capacity FactorI
.20 1[0
2 02020M
,0
05
10 2020 203
M2
0
2080 2070 2080 X3
21090
2020 200 2040 200 200 2070 2000 200 2100
iii)
Figure 34: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 30 yr. PL
Recycling plants -U2sf-- Region i
15
Recycling plants - Adv S - Region I
Ill
18
0
2010
5-
Number1
-Number
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
20
2100
0.5
y010 220 230 2040 2050 200 2070
2080 2090 2100
05
Capacity Factor
Capacity Facto
2010
22
t'
2030
240
,
_
30
S 2020
25
20
2050
2070
2
.
.
2
.
206
209
2100
200
2100
10 2020
..
70
200
Recycling plants - UO2s - Region I
2030 2040
2050 2060
2070
2080
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
2020
2010
203
24
1
2050 2060
VI -0
050
20
0
2020
2030
20 0
20
Recycling plants -
2070
2
M60 2 00
2090
2100
2020 2030
2040
200
2060
2070
2060
2070
'---`
2080
2090
2100
.
n
2sf -- Region I
I~
2020 2030
Capacit
2090
2100
Factor
~
une
2
2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
;I
2090
2100
'
AU1 RlhI
~-
~
1~
~:?ti
00
Recyling plants - Adv SF - Region I
1
1
1
1
:3 .
UI
nM
200
---
I
-I
o
208
S• capac
Mult
0Bui
-
i Capacity Factor
1
204
Number
@
I
00erlL20
2030
2100
Recycling plants Ad SF -- Region I
I
2020
2090
.
.
2020 23
2040
2050
2060 2070
Fill
2080
20
2100
2000
2090
2100
Capacit Factor
Fa-tor
0.5
io2020
I
•
m l
200
1.
200
204
____________
I*-
'1"
A
Built
0.5
0
2010
2020
2030 2040
2050
206
70
2080
2090
2100
00
2020
2030
2040
205
2060 2070
iii)
Figure 35: SFRP for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 30 yr. PL
Recycling plants - UO2sf -- Region I
20
/ - Number]
0
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
- Capacity Factor
1o
0-5
2010
2020 2030
[
10
5
10
2040
2050
2060
Recycling plants - U02s
2070
2080
2090
2100
Region I
Number
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
2060
2070 20•
2090
2100
0.5
110 2020 2030 2040 205
Recycing plants - UO2sf-- Region.
2
0
200
2040
205o 200
2070
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
03 40
2050
2060
2070
20M0 2090
2100
2070 2090
2100
0Capacity Factor
O 2020
D0102020
2030
2
iii)
Figure 36: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 30 yr. PL
Appendix I: TRU Mass Balance - Low case in CAFCA HB with 50 year Plant Lifetime
-U-
TRULmass balance [MTJ - Region I
m
Cloling Storage
Interim Storage
N"nLWR Cores
1111111111R. Cores
Cooling Storag
Sirm
StoIrage
WiEIlliJiIF~R CoreS
40'
M~OiCCooling Storage
S**'Iite• mStorage
151
,imilliWR Cores
lIIIIIII FR Cores
iii)
Figure 37: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL
TRU mass balance [MT] -- Region I
5000
4000
Cooling Storage
*mm Interim Storage
m
LLWR Cores
""il"if1 FR Cores
2000
1000
0
20u
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
TRU mass balance [MT - Region I
IMCooling Storage
m Interim Storage
Wm* LWR Cores
"m"m"FR Cores
TRU mass balance [MT - Region 1
ýCooling Storage
Storage
aa LWR Cores
"""""FR Cores
mN mlnterim
30
iii)
Figure 38: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL
"
.•,
oolingStorage
l-i.Wrinterim ,Storage
MmLWR Cores
""niP R.Cores
Clteobing Storage
-, esteritiStorage
rnhL R Cores
mImuIIIIFR Cores
ii*ýCoolig
·
St.orage
R 'inthterirm Storage
mm~.L
Cores
,l,.IRl.EN
FRCores.
unn
ggo
iii)
Figure 39: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL
Appendix J: SF Recycling Plants - Low case in CAFCA IIB with 50 year Plant Lifetime
Recycling plants - UO2sf -- Region I
Recycling plants - Adv SF -- Region I
2Number
-N
10
2020
2030
2
00
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
2020
203
2040
200
2060 2070
200
2020 2030
2040
230 2040
2050
2050
206)
2060 2070
2070
2060
200
2090
2090 2106
2100
2070
2080
2090
2
2)
050.5
Capacity Factor
1
10 202
[0.5
2010
2020
20j
2040 2050 2060 2070
.20
yCapacity
Factor
00
20M0 2090 210
Built
1
2030
2040 2050
2080
2
200
Buitt
2060 2070
20
2
2050
2100
i)
Recycling plants -UO2sf- Regn I
Recycling plants - Adv SF -Region I
2__
0.5I
20
0
10 2020
20
12020
250
200
0.5
206
2 0 22m 00
2060
Capacity Factor I
07 20
2090 200
2030
00 20
200
-
2060 2
2040
0
2M
2202020
260
205
220 M 2050
Capacity Factor
2070 208
20•02070
2100
0
2100
2090
200
2090
2t100
ii)
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Region I
[
Recycng plants -Adv SF - Region I
Number
Nmber
10 2020 2030
M
240
2050 200
2070 20
2090. 2106
10
202
230
2040 206
2060
2070 206
CapcitCapaciaFac
2030 2040
2060
2020
1 ;'
2020 20302040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
2050
22
2030 20402 2
2060
2070
2060
200
209 0
2060
2090
2100
iii)
Figure 40: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL
Recyding plants- Adv SF.-Region I:
Recyli:ng plarints- Ul2sf -. Region I
10
201012022
260
2070 o
030120
20
2090 2100
Fator
Capacity
*10
22a2030 20402050 2050 20702000 20902100
Lo2020
0 20702060 2090 2100
203 2040 2050 20B
Recycling:plants -LU2s)f- Re0ginlf
Recyclingplans - Adv SF - Region I
1:ýNumber
S
nW
onMso42050
;mbo s
2
IWo0
te•se a
2ow
e 2O100
20o 200o2100
2ose
pt" A Su oai :Wtoo
oa Q r0b
Slo
n 2030
2a04
n 1
Recycing plants-
2cpo 2am flo 2090 2100
Re4eling plans- AdvSF --Regiont
UO2sV- Regd•n1
I]
0.5
.n
1o 2020
.
t Fc
-aci
tio ..
2030
204
2050 2M902070
2Cit
2090
2200
46
200
2090 200
n0M
2D 220O 200
I=+I
•
200
o
20
20402.50 2050
27: 2eo 20o9 2100
iii)
Figure 41: SFRP for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL
A
Recycling plants- UO2sf -- Region I
n
50
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2080
2070
2090
2100
0.5Capacity.Factor
2020
010
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2060
2090
2100
Recycling plants - UO2st - Region I
5
1I
l
2
i0102020 2030
051•! -
2040
200
Nu0r022
2060
2070
200
2
2100
1
Capacity Factor
1
21 0 2020
2030
20'60
2060
20
0 2020
2020
2010
2M0
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
M
2090
2100
20
2070
Recycling plants - UO2sf -- Region I
.I
,
10
2020
2030
2040
1
2050
,,,Capacity Factor I
200
in-
2070
oBuilt
200
2090
2100
A
iii)
Figure 42: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - Low case, 50 yr. PL
Appendix K: TRU Mass Balance - High case in CAFCA IIB with 50 year Plant Lifetime
TRU mass balance [MT] -- Region I
35C
30C
25C
OWIm
Cooling Storage
* t 1Interim Storage
*meLWR Cores
IInIImrFR Cores
20C
161
100
5l
TRU mass balance [MT - Region I
~O~aCooling Storage
**'lnterim Storage
sR LWR Cores
,IIIlitI"FR Cores
100
2020
2040
2060
20
210
TRU mass balance W - Region I
4000
3500
ONCooling Storage
i ' Interim Storage
2000
mw5
LWR Cores
."11 iFR Cores
1500
1000
600
0
2000
2020
2040
200
2060
2100
iii)
Figure 43: TRU for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL
:
__
i ·i
351
30
o
S'Irntlerir.
MICcolingti Storage
Storage
20
j6MI
19
UIIIIIIIIFR
l
|
Corip
IMICooi~ng Storage
*mealmti Storage
,LWRCores
IIISIIPUR C&OeS
IMiLWR Cores:
,mFP!RCoreS
EININ
'3A
iii)
Figure 44: TRU for LWR/ABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL
TRU mass balance [MT] -- Region I
3000
2500
mmCooling Storage
S* Interim Storage
1500
LWR Cores
"u"""'IFR Cores
WmaI
500
500
n
2000
2020
2040
2060
20W
2100
"~TRU mass balance [MT] -- Region I
92
MOM Cooling Storage
S*1lnterim Storage
WMI LWR Cores
""'""FR Cores
15
S
TRU mass balance WMT -- Region I
~
Cooling Storage
SIlnterim Storage
'LWR Cores
IIIIIIIIIIFR Cores
booO
2020
2040
2060
206
2100
iii)
Figure 45: TRU for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL
Appendix L: SF Recycling Plants - High case in CAFCA IIB with 50 year Plant Lifetime
Recycling plants - UO2sf- Region I
Recycling plants - Adv SF -- Region I
Number
2010
220
2030
2040
2050
2060
N umb
270
2080
2090
2100
055
2020
30
2040
200
206
2070
2080
290
2100
0.5o-
Capacity Factor
Capacity Factor
2010 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 20902100 2010 2020 203
uilt
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
.IZ7
020
2030
2o0 2050o
2060 2070 2080 29
2100
2040
2100
2050 2060
2070
2000
2090
i)
Recycling plants - UO2sf- Region!
5-Number
11
1
2020
2030
Recycling
2
-Number
2050
2040
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
0
VO
2020=2030
24
plants
2050
-
AGI
SF
2060
-
Re
I
ion
2070 2080
2090
2100
27070 208
2090
2100
2070
2090
2100
capacty Factor
0.5
Capacity Factor
S0
0
1
11o;ýo
200
20
20
200
2020
2030
2070
230 D4020.0 06 2D7
M
2040
2050 20
00
20021023024 2
06
200
00
M MO20
ii)
:tj
Recycling plants - UO2sf -- Region
0 20
05
Numberl
1'
2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 290 2100
0 2020
C apacity Factor
Recycling plants- Adv SF - Region I
2030
2040
Capacit Fa
010
250
20
2070
2080
2090
2100
tor
2020
2030 2040
206
20M
207
2080
2090 2100
2020
203
200
20
2070
2080
2090
10 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100o
-1i-
2040
2100
iii)
Figure 46: SFRP for LWR/CONFU strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL
Recycling plants - UO2sf -- Region I
20
Recycling plants - Adv SF -- Region I
10
1nNumber
D 2020
1
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
0Capacity Factor
110o2020 2030
200 2060
208020902100 ~_0 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 20802090 2100
2010 2020 2030
A
BuiltA
05
2040 2050
206 2060
2070 2080
2090 2100
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
i)
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Region I
Recvcling plants - Ad SF -- Region I
4
4
2
2
S2020 2030
00
00
2060
20 2080 2090 200
.5
0 2020 2030 2040 2060
2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
Capacity actor
-cCapacityFactor
010
2020
2030
2040
200
2060
270
200
2090
2100
2020
2030
204
20 2002
2070
2080
209
200
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
ID0 2020
2030
2040
2050
2070
208o
2090
2100
2060
ii)
Recycling plants - Actv SF -- Region I
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Region I
4
1
_umber
2
-
N.&S
o210
20 2030
__
Nuber
_
204
2060
_
10 2020 2030 2040
70
20M
_
20802090 2100 o0 2020
2030
2040 2060 2060
-
_
0 2060 2070 208a2090 21r00
207020802090 2100
2020 2030 2040 20
2060 2070
All
2
2100
Figure 47: SFRP for LWRJABR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL
Recycling plants - UO2sf - Region I
20
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
Capacity Factor
0.5
21o 200 23
M40 2M
2M
M70 208
MM 2100
i)
Recycling plants - UO2sf-- Region I
2020
2030
2040
2050
o10 2020
2030
2040
2050 200 2070
10
2030
2040
2050
2010
2060
2070
2080
2090
0.5
Capacity Fac
1
2020
I1
2080
2070
2100
]
20 2090
2100
2080
2100
2090
ii)
Recycling plants - UO2sf- Region I
Number
10 2020
2030
2040
2060
20M•
2070
10
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070 2080
2090
2100
2020
2030
204
2050
2060
2070
2090
2100
0.6-
2080
2090
2100
Capacity Factor
--
0.5-
2010
2080
iii)
Figure 48: SFRP for LWR/GFR strategy in CAFCA IIB - High case, 50 yr. PL