Coastal development and planning
with focus on aquaculture.
Region of Hordaland
Inge Døskeland
Hordaland Council
www.hordaland.no
British Columbia
Coastline including islands 27,000 km
Norway
Coastline including islands: 83.281 km
Hordaland
Coastline including islands: 8.740 km
www.hordaland.no
Compared
BC
Hordaland
Number of sites
127
230
Production, tons
78.000
Production pr. site,
tons
Production pr. km.
coastline, tons
614
112.000
(Norway
700.000)
488
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2,9
12,8
(8,4 Norway)
Trend 2006 Norway
  Operating margin increased from 23% in
2005 to 29% in 2006.
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Trends and near future in Hordaland
  Extremely big salmon aquaculture units are coming. 5000
tons biomass. (big used to be 2000 tons).
  More exposed sites preferred by the industry. Gives less
conflict with public and recreational interests.
  Boom in Cod farming next 3 years!
  Increasingly better management and planning, but growth
in business is faster.
  Hardangerfjord: Above the limit? Much research but not
yet fully understood. Will get its own regulation regime.
  Climate change pushes north/south borders for several
species
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Outer part
Inner part
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Local CZ planning
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Hordaland has 33 municipalities
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PBA
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Municipalities have the authority to designate given sea areas for specific use or protection of
specific interests, as traffic, fisheries, recreation, nature conservation or aquaculture, combined or
isolated.
PBA is an excellent flexible tool in order to integrate sectors
Planning on sea is a right, no obligation. Areas can remain unplanned.
Participation and open hearings are mandatory
CZ planning on regional level
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27 have coastal zone plans
5 are in progress
1 NA
“The art or rowing without oars..”
The local municipality level too local?
More than 20 years experience
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New PBA 1985. Active phase
1989 Planning area stretched to “base line”
2001 No more fish farms unless area planned
2007 Not all are equally motivated. Tax for use of sea areas is in preparation
2009? New PBA
www.hordaland.no
Who decides?
  The trend is more power to the local and
regional political level
–  Because aquaculture applications in conflict with
local area CZ plans are not acceptable
–  Leads to: More important for national sector
interests to participate in the early stage of
planning processes
  More power to the industry
–  Because of greater economic and demographic
importance
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Øygarden
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Photo: I. Døskeland
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Askøy
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Tools for zoning and siting
  Much more, and more complex marine
information is now available
  Environment and economy is at stake on a
larger scale
  “Playstation generation” decision makers
  Systems are not specific for our region or
country. Arena for cooperation.
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Tools cont.
  Must be dynamic and interactive
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To days systems
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Example IMS - GIS
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Recipient database
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Eksempel dybdedata
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Example
”Pecten Maximus model”
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Eksempel datamodell
U
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Sea properties:
”Sea”
-  Depth
-  Waves
-  Current
-  Algae
-  Temp/Sal
-  Pollution
-  O2
Aquaculture
facility
Facility properties:
-  Finfish, mussel
-  Flow through
-  Mooring
- Seaworthiness
- - Distance to other farms
Land
properties
Wastewater,
etc..
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Siting by “traffic lights”
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Environmental
  Sustainability is paramount. Fish
industry is important (2. after energy)
  Challenges that can be solved
–  Salmon lice
–  Genetic interference with wild stock
–  PD (economic problem)
–  (organic pollution)
–  Area conflicts
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Conclusions
  We think the value of aquaculture production
can be sustained or raised by
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Better planning
Strict regulations for the benefit of the industry
Research – innovation
Diversifying, ”new” species and niche products
Closed containment is not an issue today
  Seafood production is important to Hordaland
–  Sustains settlements in peripheral regions
–  Effective food production (compared to agriculture feed
factor, and more use of vegetable oils in salmon feed)
–  Positive health effects of seafood
–  Sustains Bergen as marine research cluster on an
European level
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Marine R&d
www.hordaland.no
  http://insitu.cmr.no/akvavis/req?
REQUEST=MapTargets
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Background PBA
  Integrering land sjø, impossible, geographic (land/sea,
cross borders), horisontal between sectors, vertical.
  National state has to take responsibility for coordination
because of sectoral laws. Then delegate practical
implementation to local and regional level.
  Detaljintegrering, enig om areal. Prosessuell integrering,
enig om hvordan en skal gå frem i et relativt uspesifisert
område.
  Bestemmelser vs. Retningslinjer.
  Langsiktig og detaljert styring vs. Fleksibilitet (Stokke s.
48). Argumentere for speilvenning, hvor en ikke kan ha
oppdrett, fordi næringen er dynamisk. Legg ut områdene
der en ikke kan ha oppdrett med dagens teknologi. For alt
annet lager en integrerte prosessuelle regler.
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Background
  Biology, geography
  CZ planner, environmental adviser 2
municipalityes and 2 countyes
  Implementing GIS, county and NIVA
  To day: Marine economic development
on regional level
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Marint - Prioritert innsatsområde
  Marin bredde
  Marin spissing
–  Arbeidsmåte/strategi
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Påvirkning av sentrale myndigheter
Samarbeid med kunnskapsmiljø
Fylkesovergripende samarbeid
Små/korte vs. store/lange
Interne vs. eksterne
–  Tema profil
1)
2)
3)
4)
Havbruk. Nye arter, fôr, helse
Nettverk og profilering
Areal og miljø
Sjømat. Marked, kvalitet, kultur og reiseliv
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Innovative ways to move forward
  For the industry: Automation, vegetabile
feed, vaccines, market access
  For government: better decision support
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