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Section E
A Conceptual Framework for Suicidality
An Ecological Model for Suicide Reduction
Macro-Level Environment
Gun-control legislation
3
An Ecological Model for Suicide Reduction
Macro-Level Environment
Community Environment
Risk
• Media portrayal
Protection
• Access to mental health services
• Monitoring of alcohol use
• Opportunities to contribute
• Caring adults
4
An Ecological Model for Suicide Reduction
Macro-Level Environment
Community Environment
Family
Risk
Protection
• Separation/divorce
• Connectedness to parents
• Discord
• Psychopathology
• Neglectful parenting
• Parent-child conflict
• Low maternal responsiveness
• Harsh parental discipline
• Access to guns in home
• History of suicide
5
An Ecological Model for Suicide Reduction
Macro-Level Environment
Community Environment
Family
School/Peers
Risk
• Drop out
• Hostile school environment
• Victimization
• Social isolation
• History of suicide
Protection
• Suicide prevention education
• Connectedness to schools
• Academic performance
6
An Ecological Model for Suicide Reduction
Macro-Level Environment
Community
Family
School/Peers
Risk
Risk
Individual
Protection
Protection
Unconfirmed
• Low serotonin
• Spirituality/ religiosity
• Family system dysfunction
• Physical/sexual abuse
• Adaptable temperament
• Parental death/loss
• Low self-esteem
• Neuroticism
• Hopelessness
• Introversion
• Impulsivity
• Legal conflicts
• Interpersonal loss
• Substance abuse
• Unemployment
• GLBT
• Mental illness, mood disorders affective disorders, antisocial behaviors, anxiety disorders
• Academic problems
7