THE WORLD OF
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
STATISTICS AND EMERGING TRENDS 2008
EDITED BY
HELGA WILLER, MINOU YUSSEFI-MENZLER AND NEIL SORENSEN
Supported by
All of the statements and results contained in this book have been compiled by the authors
according to their best knowledge and have been scrupulously checked by the International
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Additional information (links, graphs) is available at www.organic-world.net. Should corrections and updates of this book become necessary, they will be published at this site.
Willer, Helga, Minou Yussefi-Menzler and Neil Sorensen (Eds.) (2008)
The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2008
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) Bonn, Germany and Research Institute of
Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
ISBN IFOAM 978-3-934055-99-5
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword Edition 2008
7
Acknowledgements
9
Sponsors
13
The World of Organic Agriculture 2008: Summary
15
Helga Willer, Neil Sorensen and Minou Yussefi-Menzler
CURRENT STATISTICS
Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Current Statistics
23
Helga Willer
I NFORMATION SOURCES
Information Sources: Overview
47
Helga Willer
The Organics Trade Development Programme (OTDP) of the International Trade Centre (ITC)
51
Alexander Kasterine
THE G LOBAL MARKET FOR ORGANIC F OOD & DRINK
The Global Market for Organic Food & Drink
53
Amarjit Sahota
STANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS
Standards and Regulations
59
Beate Huber, Otto Schmid, Lukas Kilcher
East African Organic Products Standard and more
71
Sophia Twarog
Number of Organic Certifiers Jumps to 468
73
Gunnar Rundgren
Accreditation
76
Gerald A. Herrmann
The ITF – the FAO/IFOAM/UNCTAD International Task Force on Harmonization and
Equivalence in Organic Agriculture
78
Sophia Twarog
ORGANIC AQUACULTURE
Organic Aquaculture
83
Stefan Bergleiter
AFRICA
Organic Farming in Africa
90
Hervé Bouagnimbeck
Africa: Organic Farming Statistics
97
ASIA
Organic Asia 2007
102
Ong Kung Wai
Country Report: Organic Agriculture in Iran
111
Hossein Mahmoudi and Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani
Asia: Organic Farming Statistics
113
EUROPE
Europe: Statistics, Policy and Research
118
Helga Willer
Cropping Patterns in the European Union 2006 (EU 27)
128
Diana Schaack
The European Market for Organic Food in 2006
131
Susanne Padel, Aleksandra Jasinska, Markus Rippin, Diana Schaack and Helga Willer
Trends in the Organic Retailing Sector in Europe 2007
140
Toralf Richter
Europe: Organic Farming Statistics
143
MEDITERRANEAN R EGION
Organic Farming in the Mediterranean Region: Towards Further Development
149
Lina Al-Bitar
Country Report: Organic Food and Farming in Egypt
160
Paul Rye Kledal, Ahmed El-Araby and Sherif G. Salem
LATIN AMERICA
Organic Farming in Latin America
166
Alberto Pipo Lernoud
Latin America: Country reports
174
Alberto Pipo Lernoud and Maia Loy
Latin America: Organic Farming Statistics
186
NORTH AMERICA
United States
192
Barbara Haumann
Canada
201
Matthew Holmes
North America: Organic Farming Statistics
205
OCEANIA/AUSTRALIA
Organic Farming in Australia
Els Wynen
208
Organic Farming in New Zealand
216
Seager Mason
Organic Agriculture in the Pacific
221
Karen Mapusua
Oceania/Australia: Organic Farming Statistics
226
Achievements Made and Challenges Ahead
227
Angela Caudle de Freitas and Gabriele Holtmann
ANNEX
233
Alphabetical list of countries: Organic land, share of organic land, number of organic farms 2006
- Organic agricultural land by country 2006, sorted by importance - Share of organic agricultural land by
country, sorted by importance - Organic land use by country 2006
Tables
Table 1: Countries covered by the global organic survey
Table 2: Organic agricultural land and farms by continent 2006
Table 3: Organic agricultural land by continent 2005 (consolidated data) and 2006 compared.
Table 4: Global organic agricultural land by main land use and crop categories
Table 5: Organic agricultural land by main main use and continent
Table 6: Consolidated data on organic agricultural land as of 31.12.2005
Table 7: Countries with regulations on organic agriculture
Table 8: Countries in the process of drafting regulations
Table 9: Content of the new EU Regulation on organic production
Table 10: Countries with largest number of certification bodies
Table 11: Number of certification bodies per region
Table 12: Number of certification bodies and approvals per region
Table 13: Organic agricultural land and farms in Africa 2006
Table 14: Use of organic agricultural land in Africa 2006
Table 15: Certified wild collection area in Africa 2006
Table 16: Domestic production and imports to Japan 2006
Table 17: Major organic products exported from India 2006/2007
Table 18: Organic agricultural land and farms in Asia 2006
Table 19: Use of organic agricultural land in Asia 2006
Table 20: Certified wild collection in Asia 2006
Table 21: Organic agricultural land and farms in Europe 2006
Table 22: Use of organic cropland in Europe 2006
Table 23: Certified wild collection in Europe 2006
Table 24: The European market for organic food 2006
Table 25: Organic farming in the Mediterranean: Land area and number of operators
Table 26: Organic coffee production in Latin American countries 2006
Table 27: Organic cocoa production in Latin American countries 2006
Table 28: Organic sugarcane production in Latin American countries 2006
Table 29: Organic agricultural land and farms in Latin America 2006
Table 30: Land use in Latin America
Table 31: Certified organic wild collection in Latin America 2006
Table 32: Organic agricultural land and farms in North America
Table 33: Land use in North America
Table 34: Organic agricultural land and farms in Oceania/Australia 2006
Table 35: Organic agricultural land use in Oceania/Australia 2006
Table 36: Alphabetical list of countries: Organic land, share of organic land,
number of organic farms 2006
Table 37: Organic agricultural land by country 2006, sorted by importance
Table 38: Share of organic agricultural land by country, sorted by importance
Table 39: Organic land use by country 2006
25
26
31
34
35
42
59
61
64
73
74
75
97
98
98
108
110
113
114
114
143
144
144
139
153
170
171
171
186
186
187
205
205
226
226
233
235
237
238
ANNEX:TABLES
ANNEX
In this section the results of the FiBL Survey 2008 are presented in full detail (except the
results on certified wild collection, which are in the continent chapters). Should you notice
errors please send the correct data to helga.willer@fibl.org; we will make these available at
www.organic-world.net and in the 2009 edition of ‘The World of Organic Agriculture.’
Table 36: Alphabetical list of countries: Organic land, share of organic land of total
agricultural area, number of organic farms 2006
Data as of 2006 were not available for all countries.
Country
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belgium
Belize (2000)
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia Herzegovina
Brazil
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Chad1
Chile
China
Colombia
Congo (Democr. Rep.)
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba (2005)
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Dominican Rep.
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
1
Organic agricultural
land (ha)
1'000
1'550
2'220'489
235
12'294'290
361'487
20'779
29'308
1'810
825
243
41'004
726
880'000
4'692
4'038
1'451
531
604'404
9'464
2'300'000
50'713
8'788
10'711
6'204
15'443
1'979
281'535
138'079
47'032
50'475
14'165
7'469
72'886
2'601
Share of total
agricultural land
0.1%
No data
1.7%
0.02%
2.8%
13%
0.4%
2.1%
1.2%
0.02%
0.04%
0.1%
0.03%
0.3%
0.2%
0.04%
0.03%
0.01%
0.9%
0.00%
0.06%
0.4%
0.1%
0.04%
0.4%
0.2%
0.2%
1.3%
6.6%
5.3%
1.3%
0.6%
0.4%
0.6%
8.8%
0.01%
Organic farms
100
39 (2005)
1'486
35
1'550
20'162
388
783
1'132
53
11'743
329
15'000 (2005)
218
6'195
3'628
102
3'571
36
1'000
1'600
4'500
5'150
2'921
368
7'101
305 (2005)
963
2'794
4'638
137
460
1'811
1'173
784
Chad has wild collection activities. The number of farms refers to these activities.
233
ANNEX:TABLES
Country
Fiji (2005)
Finland
France
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala (2005)
Guyana (2003)
Honduras
Hong Kong (2005)
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Republic of
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lebanon
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxemburg
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi (2003)
Malaysia
Mali
Malta
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norway
Pakistan
Palestine, Occupied Tr.
234
Organic agricultural
land (ha)
100
144'558
552'824
86
247
825'539
22'276
302'256
12'110
109
12'866
12
122'765
5'512
528'171
41'431
15
39'947
4'058
1'148'162
13'311
437
6'074
1'024
2'393
3'307
8'559
2'540
118'612 (2005)
3'470
1'027
96'718
3'630
509
9'456
325
1'000
2'330
20
175
404'118
11'405
25'051
4'216
728
7'762
48'424
63'883
60'000
81
3'042
159
44'624
25'001
641
Share of total
agricultural land
0.02%
6.4%
2.0%
0.01%
0.01%
4.8%
0.2%
7.6%
0.3%
0.01%
0.4%
.
2.9%
0.4%
0.3%
0.1%
1%
0.7%
9.0%
0.07%
0.09%
0.2%
0.1%
0.01%
0.5%
0.02%
7% (2005)
1.0%
29.1%
3.5%
2.8%
0.04%
0.03%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.2%
0.2%
0.4%
0.5%
4.8%
0.01%
0.00%
0.2%
2.5%
0.4%
0.9%
2%
4.3%
0.10%
0.2%
Organic farms
No data
3'966
11'640
No data
47
17'557
3'000
23'900
2'830
28
1'813
20
1'553 (2005)
27
44'926
23'608
2
1'104
216
45'115
No data
11
2'258
25
18'056
7'167
392
4'095
213
41
1'811 (2005)
72
101
5'455
13
50
5'840
10
5
126'000
121 (2005)
15
No data
1'928
1'183
1'448
860
6'600
No data
No data
61
2'583
28 (2004)
303
ANNEX:TABLES
Country
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
Sao Tome and Prince
Saudi Arabia (2005)
Senegal
Serbia
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa (2005)
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan (March 2007)
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor Leste
Togo
Trinidad & Tobago (2005)
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
UK
Ukraine
Uruguay
USA (2005)
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Vietnam
Zambia
Total
Organic agricultural
land (ha)
5'267
2'497
17'705
121'677
5'691
228'009
269'374
107'582
3'192
512
7'243
2'917
13'730
130
906
121'461
26'831
3'628
50'000
926'390
17'000
225'385
125'596
30'493
1'746
23’732
21'701
23'589
2'338
67
154'793
100'275
88'439
604'571
260'034
930'965
1'620'351
8'996
15'712
21'867
2'367
30’418’261
Share of total
agricultural land
0.2%
0.2%
0.07%
0.6%
0.05%
1.6%
7.3%
0.8%
0.00%
0.03%
5.5%
5.2%
0.01%
0.00%
0.02%
5.8%
5.5%
3.1%
0.05%
3.7%
0.7%
7.0%
11.8%
0.2%
0.2%
0.05%
0.1%
6.9%
0.06%
0.05%
1.6%
0.4%
0.7%
3.8%
0.6%
6.1%
0.5%
6.1%
0.07%
0.2%
0.01%
0.65%
Organic farms
7 (2004)
4'558
3'490
31'530
No data
9'187
1'696
3'033
8
20
213
1'291
3
1'020
35
279
1'953
352
No data
17'214
4'216
2'380
6'563
3'256
905
22'301
2'498
No data
5'101
1
862
14'256
86'952
4'485
80
630
8'493
No data
No data
No data
9'524
718'744
Table 37: Organic agricultural land by country 2006, sorted by importance
Country
Australia
China
Argentina
USA (2005)
Italy
Uruguay
Organic
agr. land (ha)
12'294'290
2'300'000
2'220'489
1'620'351
1'148'162
930'965
Country
Spain
Brazil
Germany
UK
Canada
France
Organic
agr. land (ha)
926'390
880'000
825'539
604'571
604'404
552'824
235
ANNEX:TABLES
Country
India
Mexico
Austria
Greece
Czech Rep.
Portugal
Ukraine
Poland
Sweden
Tunisia
Finland
Denmark
Switzerland
Hungary
Peru
Slovak Republic
Latvia (2005)
Romania
Turkey
Lithuania
Uganda
Estonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Colombia
Ecuador
South Africa (2005)
Netherlands
Dominican Rep.
Norway
Indonesia
Bolivia
Ireland
Syria
Belgium
Slovenia
Tanzania
Montenegro
Pakistan
Timor Leste
Ghana
Vietnam
Thailand
Azerbaijan
Paraguay
Sri Lanka
Venezuela
Cuba (2005)
Egypt
Saudi Arabia (2005)
Ivory Coast
Honduras
Guatemala (2005)
Moldova
Costa Rica
236
Organic
agr. land (ha)
528'171
404'118
361'487
302'256
281'535
269'374
260'034
228'009
225'385
154'793
144'558
138'079
125'596
122'765
121'677
121'461
118'612
107'582
100'275
96'718
88'439
72'886
63'883
60'000
50'713
50'475
50'000
48'424
47'032
44'624
41'431
41'004
39'947
30'493
29'308
26'831
23’732
25'051
25'001
23'589
22'276
21'867
21'701
20'779
17'705
17'000
15'712
15'443
14'165
13'730
13'311
12'866
12'110
11'405
10'711
Country
Chile
Madagascar
Vanuatu
Congo (Democr. Rep.)
Korea, Republic of
Nepal
El Salvador
Samoa
Croatia
Japan
Philippines
Iceland
Panama
Bulgaria
Morocco
Israel
Burkina Faso
Luxemburg
Solomon Islands
Lebanon
Kenya
Russian Federation,
European Part
Nigeria
Sao Tome and Prince
Ethiopia
Kyrgyzstan
Papua New Guinea
Kazakhstan
Zambia
Togo
Mali
Cyprus
Belize (2000)
Taiwan (March 2007)
Algeria
Cambodia
Liechtenstein
Jordan
Albania
Malaysia
Serbia
Benin
Mozambique
Bosnia Herzegovina
Palestine, Occupied Tr.
Cameroon
Rwanda
Macedonia
Jamaica
Malawi (2003)
Georgia
Bhutan
Armenia
Mauritius
Organic
agr. land (ha)
9'464
9'456
8'996
8'788
8'559
7'762
7'469
7'243
6'204
6'074
5'691
5'512
5'267
4'692
4'216
4'058
4'038
3'630
3'628
3'470
3'307
3'192
3'042
2'917
2'601
2'540
2'497
2'393
2'367
2'338
2'330
1'979
1'810
1'746
1'550
1'451
1'027
1'024
1'000
1'000
906
825
728
726
641
531
512
509
437
325
247
243
235
175
ANNEX:TABLES
Country
Niue
Senegal
Guyana (2003)
Fiji (2005)
Gambia
Organic
agr. land (ha)
159
130
109
100
86
Country
Niger
Trinidad & Tobago (2005)
Malta
Iran
Hong Kong
Organic
agr. land (ha)
81
67
20
15
12
Source: FiBL Survey 2008
Table 38: Share of organic agricultural land by country, sorted by importance
Only countries with a share higher than 0.01 percent.
Country
Liechtenstein
Austria
Switzerland
Italy
Estonia
Greece
Portugal
Sweden
Latvia (2005)
Timor Leste
Czech Rep.
Finland
Vanuatu
Uruguay
Slovak Republic
Samoa
Slovenia
Denmark
Sao Tome and Prince
Germany
Montenegro
Norway
UK
Spain
Lithuania
Solomon Islands
Hungary
Luxemburg
Australia
Netherlands
Belgium
France
Niue
Argentina
Tunisia
Poland
Cyprus
Dominican Rep.
Belize (2000)
Lebanon
Ireland
Canada
Nicaragua
Share of agr. land
29.1%
13.0%
11.8%
9.0%
8.8%
7.6%
7.3%
7.1%
7.0%
6.9%
6.6%
6.4%
6.1%
6.1%
5.8%
5.5%
5.5%
5.3%
5.2%
4.8%
4.8%
4.3%
3.8%
3.7%
3.5%
3.1%
2.9%
2.8%
2.8%
2.5%
2.1%
2.0%
2.0%
1.7%
1.6%
1.5%
1.3%
1.3%
1.2%
1.0%
0.9%
0.9%
0.9%
Country
Romania
Sri Lanka
Israel
Uganda
Ukraine
Ecuador
El Salvador
Peru
USA (2005)
Moldova
Korea, Republic of
Azerbaijan
Honduras
China
Egypt
Turkey
Mexico
Costa Rica
New Zealand
Iceland
Brazil
India
Guatemala (2005)
Papua New Guinea
Panama
Cuba
Vietnam
Syria
Taiwan (March 2007)
Croatia
Malta
Palestine, Occupied Tr.
Nepal
Bulgaria
Japan
Mauritius
Ghana
Thailand
Bolivia
Colombia
Pakistan
Indonesia
Jordan
Share of agr. land
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
0.6%
0.6%
0.5%
0.5%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
237
ANNEX:TABLES
Country
Albania
Jamaica
Venezuela
Paraguay
Ivory Coast
Togo
Chile
Tanzania
Trinidad & Tobago (2005)
South Africa (2005)
Philippines
Bhutan
Macedonia
Congo (Democr. Rep.)
Burkina Faso
Madagascar
Bosnia Herzegovina
Cambodia
Share of agr. land
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.05%
0.04%
0.04%
0.04%
0.04%
0.03%
0.03%
0.03%
Country
Rwanda
Benin
Kyrgyzstan
Fiji (2005)
Armenia
Serbia
Morocco
Malaysia
Kenya
Gambia
Georgia
Ethiopia
Saudi Arabia (2005)
Malawi (2003)
Mali
Zambia
Guyana (2003)
Cameroon
Share of agr. land
0.03%
0.02%
0.02%
0.02%
0.02%
0.02%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
Source: FiBL Survey 2008
Table 39: Organic land use by country 2006
Please note: In some cases, the added up land use data resulted in a higher figure than the
figure provided for the total organic area. This discrepancy is probably due to the fact that
some of the organic land is used for two main crops. In such cases, minus values were added.
Country
Main use
Crop category
Crop
Year
Albania
No information
Permanent crops
No information
Arable land
No information
Grapes
No information
Arable crops, no details
Medicinal & aromatic
plants
Vegetables
Fruit and nuts
No information
Grapes
No information
Arable crops, no details
Medicinal & aromatic
plants
Vegetables, no details
Fruit and nuts, no
details
Pastures and meadows
Cropland, no details
2006
2005
2006
2006
2006
Organic agr. area
(ha)
995
5
1'550
35'383
205
2006
2006
2'482
3'906
2006
2006
2'164'200
14'314
Barley
Grain Maize
Other cereals
Wheat
Lucerne
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
5
5
1
11
11
Feed legumes
Fodder beet
Seeds and seedlings
Vegetables, no details
No information
Apples
Apricots
Cherries
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
5
0.1
3
12
11
1
116
12
Algeria
Argentina
Permanent crops
Armenia
Permanent grassland
Cropland, other/no
details
Arable land
No information
Permanent crops
238
Pastures and meadows
Cropland, no details
Cereals
Green fodder from
arable land
Protein crops
Root crops
Seeds and seedlings
Vegetables
No information
Fruit and nuts