VOLUME 61, NUMBER 3
■
TERRY COLLEGE OF BUSINESS
■
MAY-JUNE 2001
BIOTECHNOLOGY IS GEORGIA’S
NEW BUSINESS STAR
Beata D. Kochut
T
he first year of the new century marked a
turnaround in biotechnology. From a promising, but relatively obscure industry in the
Nineties, biotechnology now has emerged
as front-page news. The year began with
public—sometimes violent—discussions over genetically modified food. As the year progressed, representatives of Celera Genomics and the
Human Genome Project jointly announced
the completion of the working draft of
human genome—an event hailed by many
as a scientific watershed comparable to
the splitting of the atom. Biotech stocks also made frontpage news this year, as the industry saw its stocks soar,
reflecting the growing recognition of biotechnology as
the next scientific and business frontier.
2000 was also a breakthrough year for biotechnology in Georgia. Venture capital raised for biotechnology
firms reached $46.3 million, which nearly quadrupled
the sum raised in the previous year. Business Facilities
magazine ranked Georgia’s biotechnology industry as
the fifth fastest growing in the nation; and more national
and international exposure came after Nature and Scientist magazines featured Georgia’s innovative efforts to
combine academic research and commercial applications.
THE BIOTECH BUSINESS
The Selig Center for Economic
Growth has identified 76 biotechnology firms, together employing 7,780
workers in Georgia. This employment
figure accounts only for the 51 companies for which such data are available,
however, so the actual total probably is
higher. Of the 76 companies, 33 are
involved in broadly defined biomedicine, 18 manufacture specialty biological agents, 13 companies develop
animal science-related products, and 9 deal with environmental remediation. Of the three remaining biotech
firms, two specialize in biotechnology hardware and one
in biostatistics.
Geographically, metropolitan Atlanta and Athens
are Georgia’s biotechnology centers. While pharmaceuticals and biomedicine are Atlanta’s biotech companies’
primary line of business, Athens’ companies tend to
focus on animal science-related products. Athens’ biotechnology activity, centered around the University of
2
Georgia’s incubator and research facilities, has recently
attracted much national and international attention, and
the area’s future in biotechnology is promising.
Although agricultural biotechnology provides only
about 5 percent of the sector’s nationwide revenues, its
main product, genetically modified food, occupied global media attention throughout the year. Until recently,
genetically modified food had not aroused much public
interest in the United States. In other countries, however,
it has been a major issue for quite some time. Today,
growing numbers of consumers have doubts about the
safety and environmental impact of transgenic crops.
While some consumer groups demand an outright ban,
or a moratorium on planting genetically modified crops,
most favor mandatory labeling, and governments around
the globe are heeding their requests. Europe, Japan,
Australia, and New Zealand, among others, are in the
process of developing mandatory GM food labeling
regulations, and Canada plans to encourage voluntary
labeling. Although the United States government does
not require labeling of all GM foods, mounting con-
GEORGIA BUSINESS AND
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
May-June 2001
Volume 61, number 3
SELIG CENTER FOR
ECONOMIC GROWTH
P. George Benson
Dean
sumer pressure may force it to consider some form of
mandatory labeling.
Meanwhile, American farmers are increasingly accepting of seeds engineered to repel pests and resist
disease and thus no longer need to be sprayed with
herbicides. Farmers in other countries, most notably
Argentina, Canada, and China, are following suit.
Transgenic crops are also gaining headway in Mexico,
Rumania, and Ukraine. The popularity of genetically
modified seeds is driven by sheer economics: the improved quality of crops and lower production costs give
producers a competitive advantage in price-sensitive
international agricultural markets. In the United States,
where 72 percent of the world’s transgenic crops are
raised, much of the harvested acreage of soybeans (60
percent), cotton (60 percent), and corn (40 percent) is
planted with biotech varieties. The forecasted 2000
values, however, were not significantly higher—a possible cautionary sign after several years of rapid adoption of biotech products.
Increased production costs, a probably outcome of
the mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods,
may cause shifts in international agricultural markets—
an unwelcome development for the United States, which
is the world’s largest producer of genetically modified
foods. Although consumers’ resistance to these foods
has not yet translated itself into their willingness to pay
more for food free of transgenic ingredients, public
pressure and the possibility of further regulatory actions
should not be underestimated. The U.S. has already
experienced a significant drop in corn exports, owing to
biotechnology-related issues. If the demand for more
expensive but GM-free food gains strength, a niche
market is likely to develop, creating opportunities for
smaller-scale farmers.
Jeffrey M. Humphreys
Director
Lorena M. Akioka
Editor
Beata D. Kochut
Research Coordinator
Ian Armit
Information Analyst
GEORGIA BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
(ISSN 0297-3857) is published bimonthly by the Simon S.
Selig, Jr. Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of
Business, The University of Georgia, as a service to the
business and academic communities. Signed articles reflect
the author’s opinion but not necessarily those of the Selig
Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business , or
The University of Georgia. This publication is sent free of
charge upon request.
Manuscripts and letters to the Editor should be sent directly
to us. Postmaster send address changes to: Selig Center
for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-6269.
Periodicals postage paid at Athens, Georgia
BIOTECH AND
GEORGIA’S AGRICULTURE
centered on the cultivation of corn,
C urrently
cotton and soybeans, biotechnology issues are
extremely relevant to Georgia’s agriculture.
Cotton, for example, has produced the highest sales
value among Georgia’s crops for the last five years.
According to government estimates, the increased use of
biotech varieties of cotton in recent years significantly
increased cotton yields and profits across the entire
Southeast. Genetically modified varieties of peanuts, the
state’s second highest sales value-producing crop, are
soon to arrive on the market. The cultivation of new
strains of corn and soybeans is also important.
Georgia’s cattle and poultry producers also have a
vital interest in the state’s burgeoning agricultural biotechnology industry. Initiatives, such as the Georgia
Research Alliance-sponsored AGTEC (Applied Genetic
Technology Resource), will provide a unique environment, combining cutting-edge research in animal and
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
3
plant science with commercial applications. The AGTEC
complex, located on the campus of the University of
Georgia in Athens, will house laboratory and research
space, and will also provide a home for biotech startups.
The AGTEC and other similar facilities starting up
on some of the other university campuses in Georgia
exemplify the biotech industry’s dynamics. Although it
employs more people nationwide than the dairy products
industry, for example, biotechnology has been operating
in the red for the last several years. Research and development (R&D) costs, which devour over 53 percent of
industry revenues, and a time lag between product design
and release are to blame, but change is slow in coming.
Therefore, these small to mid-sized companies depend on
state and industry partners for support and cash. Pharmaceutical giants continue to rely on small universityaffiliated biotech companies for research and development of new products, counting on the payoff that comes
when the new drug hits the market. Since many of the
smaller biotechnology firms would not survive without
their stronger partners, industry analysts use partnering
deals as one of the measures of biotechnology companies’ strength.
Although not yet profitable, biotechnology revenue
growth is forecasted to accelerate significantly in the next
decade. The trend has been apparent since 1998, when
revenue grew by 16 percent, followed by the 18 percent
increase in 1999, and a 20 percent jump in 2000. Streamlined drug approval procedures by the FDA fostered a
steady increase in the number of new products making
their way into the market, and as Table 1 shows, the
number of profitable companies also has increased
between 1994 and 2000.
BIOTECH FUNDING
funding improved dramatically
B iotechnology
between 1996 and 1999, with venture capital
and second-stage capital providing much of the
impetus. The 1999 figures show, however, that corporate partnerships were the deepest well for raising this
capital. According to Earnst &Young, corporate alliances were responsible for nearly $2.2 billion out of the
total $5.4 billion raised nationwide in 1999.
Venture capital continued to pour into biotechnology in 2000. Burrill and Co., a merchant bank specializing exclusively in life science companies, reported that
biotech firms raised more money in the first two quarters
of this year than in all of 1999—$1.3 billion, and $1
billion respectively. PriceWaterhouseCoopers reports
that the Southeast drew 12.9 percent of the industry’s
1999 nationwide investment, nearly double its 1996
share, and Georgia’s biotechnology firms raised more
capital than any other state in the region in the first three
quarters of 1999.
Biotechnology stocks soared in early 2000, too, but
TABLE 1
DRUGS APPROVED AND
NUMBER OF PROFITABLE BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANIES,
1994-2000
Number of
Biotech Drugs Approved
by the FDA
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
4
7
10
13
17
22
NA
Number of
Companies
Turning Profit
7
14
19
18
22
22
35
Source: Selig Center for Economic Growth, based on data from ORBIMED Advisors and
Biotechnology Industry Organization.
May-June 2001
4
Biotechnology Companies in Georgia
Company Name
City
ABEL Scientific
Accelerated Pharmaceuticals
Advanced Applications Instruments
Analysts Maintenance Labs
Andersen Instruments, Inc.
Applied PhytoGenetics, Inc..
Athens Research and Technology, Inc.
AtheroGenics, Inc.
Aureozyme
Avigenics, Inc.
BA Technologies
Bio medical Design, Inc.
BioCure
Biofield Corp
Biomedical Disposal, Inc.
BioSentry, Inc.
Bioshield Technologies, Inc.
Ciba Vision Corporation
Cryolife, Inc.
CytRx Corporation (Del)
EDT Enzymatic Deinking Technologies
Elan Pharmaceutical Research
Esc Distributing, Inc.
GeneCure
Genesis Technologies, Inc.
Growing Company, Inc.
Helical Science Laboratories
Immucor, Inc.
Immune Technologies
Inhibitex, Inc.
Innogenetics
Kiber Environmental Services
Kiel Laboratories
Kinetic Biosystems, Inc.
Lee Laboratories Inc.
Leven
MD Works
Merial Ltd.
Bogart
Augusta
Atlanta
Norcross
Smyrna
Athens
Athens
Alpharetta
Atlanta
Athens
NA
Marietta
Atlanta
Alpharetta
Norcross
Stone Mountain
Norcross
Duluth
Kennesaw
Norcross
Athens
Gainesville
Peachtree City
Atlanta
Buford
Crawford
Smyrna
Norcross
Columbus
Alpharetta
Atlanta
Norcross
Gainesville
Atlanta
Grayson
Athens
Norcross
Athens
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
5
Biotechnology Companies in Georgia
(continued)
May-June 2001
Company Name
City
Merial Select, Inc.
Microblend LLC
Microblend Manufacturing LLC
Mikart, Inc.
Noramco, Inc.
NuTek Labs, Inc.
Octogen Pharmacal Co., Inc.
Optima Chemical Group LLC
Ovo Biosciences
Petnet Pharmaceutical Svcs LLC
Pharmamax Biomedical
Pharmasset
Photonic Sensor
Poultry Specialties, Inc.
Proactive Labs, Inc.
Prolinia
Proxima Therapeutics, Inc.
Recombinant Peptide Technologies LLC
Salumedica
Scherer Healthcare, Inc.
Sealite Sciences, Inc.
Select Laboratories
Serologicals Corporation
Shared Systems
SKW Chemicals, Inc.
Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
SpaySafe
SpectRx, Inc.
Statistics Unlimited
Theragenics Corporation*
University Of Georgia*
Vetlife
Vetrepharm Research, Inc.
Wingo, Inc.
Worldwide Clinical Trials, Inc.
WRS Infrastructure Environments, Inc.
Zygogen LLC
ZymeX Scientific, Inc.
Gainesville
Morrow
Stockbridge
Atlanta
Athens
Alpharetta
Atlanta
Douglas
Athens
Suwanee
Athens
Tucker
Atlanta,
Marietta
Austell
Athens
Alpharetta
Athens
Atlanta
Atlanta
Norcross
Gainesville
Clarkston
Martinez
Marietta
Marietta
Athens
Norcross
Savannah
Buford
Griffin
Norcross
Athens
Watkinsville
Kennesaw
Clarkston
Atlanta
Athens
6
collapsed in March, after news that raised doubts about
the profitability of patents derived from human genome
research. Although some individual stocks have not
recovered, biotechnology index funds and major companies’ stocks recouped and remain well above last year’s
levels. In general, the upswing in biotechnology stocks
and the surge in venture capital funding is attributable to
breakthroughs in human genome research, and the anticipated arrival of new therapeutic and diagnostic products.
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
completion of the draft of the human geT henome,
announced jointly by Cellera Genomics
and Human Genome Research Project in June
of this year, opened a new era for biotechnology applications in medicine. At its present stage, human genome
research is sometimes compared to a map of previously
uncharted territory. Others think of it as a book filled
with letters, words, and phrases, but no dictionary to
decipher their meaning. Both comparisons have merits,
and point to two potential developments in the business
side of gene research.
The working draft of the human genome provides
readily available data, or a map, for researchers who
otherwise would have spent years searching for the
genes linked to specific diseases. Thus, the completion
of the draft is likely to provide a significant impetus to
discoveries in the human therapeutics and diagnostics,
although most experts agree that truly genetic drugs are
still several years away. The market for tools and instruments used in genetic research and engineering is also
likely to expand in the coming years.
The mass of data produced by researchers involved
in the human genome and related research requires tools,
or a “dictionary,” to interpret and analyze it. Without
such tools, the process would take decades. Hence, the
next frontier in gene research lies at the crossroads of
genetics, mathematical modeling, and computer science. Bioinformatics, or computer applications in genetic research, is likely to skyrocket with a vengeance in
the near future.
Unlike biomedicine, bioinformatics is a relatively
new field, which has not yet taken root in other areas of
the country. An essential element in the race for the gene
riches, bioinformatics—like genomics—develops with
blinding speed. With the advances in communications
and the Internet, the pace of discovery in these areas
defies most prognostications. Georgia, and especially
Atlanta, with its national and international reputation as a
high-tech and computer industry hub, is uniquely positioned to attract and grow bioinformatics businesses. The
Georgia Research Alliance, which was instrumental in
fostering the growth of biotechnology in the state, is again
spearheading efforts to make Georgia a bioinformatics
center.
In addition to the human genome project, stem cell
research and its potential for treating Parkinson’s disease,
diabetes, and spinal injuries, has also became hot news in
2000. New regulations, recently issued by the National
Institutes for Health, allow federal money to fund embryonic stem cell research—a move that is very likely to
stimulate research and product development in this area.
All of these advances create huge possibilities for
biomedical firms. Human therapeutics and diagnostics
comprised 75 percent of the biotechnology product sales
in 1999, and that share is likely to increase as more
products become available. Biomedical firms in Georgia
are primarily located in and around Atlanta, owing to the
area’s concentration of hospitals and medical centers;
and several new and prospective biotechnology facilities
are on its research horizon. For example, the Biotechnology Development Center, newly renamed the Em-Tech
BioSciences Center and operated jointly by Emory and
Georgia Tech, is designed to provide research space and
business support for new and emerging biotechnology
firms. Projected to produce 23 start-up companies and
4,000 new jobs with an annual payroll of $365 million in
the next ten years, the facility has already attracted
companies and researchers from around the country.
The research and laboratory space available at the
state’s universities, together with planned expansions
and upgrades to the existing facilities at the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention and at Emory University, have the potential to launch Atlanta as a medical
research powerhouse. With all that, however, the shortage of available laboratory space is a major roadblock for
many biotech firms that wish to locate here. ■
Beata D. Kochut is Research Coordinator in the Selig Center for
Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia.
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
7
County Tables Included
GROWING INTO THE NEW CENTURY
CENSUS 2000 DATA FOR GEORGIA
T
he first Census 2000 counts are in. The
latest population headcount found
8,186,453 residents living in Georgia, making it the tenth most populous state in the
nation. The census has also confirmed Georgia as the fastest growing state on the Eastern seaboard.
Between 1990 and 2000 the state’s population increased
by 1,708,237, or 26.4 percent, ranking sixth in the
nation in percentage increase, and fourth in numeric
population change.
The new census has also revealed the changing
composition of Georgia’s population. Compared to
1990, the percentage of white population in Georgia
declined from 71 percent to 65.1 percent. Non-hispanic
whites’ share dropped from 70.1 percent to 62.6 percent, the percentage of black population increased by
just 1.7 percent (from 27 to 28.7 percent), while the
Asians jumped from 1.1 percent of the total population
in 1990 to 2.1 percent in 2000, or from 73,764 to
173,170. The portion of Georgia’s resident population
who classified themselves as Hispanic or Latino saw a
dramatic increase from 1.7 percent in 1990 to 5.3
percent in 2000, which represents a 299.6 percent growth.
Moreover , the Census 2000 questionnaire allowed
respondents to check more than one race, and 114,188,
or 1.4 percent of Georgians claimed multi-racial backgrounds.
Hispanics or Latinos increased their numbers at the
fastest rate in the Atlanta region, where plentiful jobs
Buying
Series
on CD-ROM
served
as aPower
magnetTime
for many
job seekers
in the nation.
Hispanics comprise between 3 to 9 percent of the total
population in most of the Atlanta MSA, but their numbers are even higher in Gwinnett and Hall counties,
where Hispanics account for 10.9 and 19.6 percent of
total population, respectively. Gwinnett, DeKalb, Fulton,
and Cobb counties have the largest numbers of Hispanic
residents in Georgia, but Whitfield County (Dalton
area) has the highest percentage share—22.1 percent—
in the state. Hispanics and Latinos also have a significant presence in Columbus and Macon, as well as in the
May-June 2001
rural counties surrounding the Savannah MSA. In addition, Echols, Atkinson, and Colquitt counties in southern
Georgia have relatively large Hispanic populations.
The median age of Georgia’s residents increased
from 31.5 to 33.4 years in the last ten years, but the
number of school age children and youth increased by
25.7 percent, with the 10-to-14 age group ballooning by
30.2 percent. The number of Georgia’s households increased by 639,754 (27 percent), but the share of married
couples with children dropped from 26.8 percent in 1990
to 24.4 percent in 2000. Householders living alone, and
female householders raising children saw their relative
percentage shares increase in the last decade, while the
average household size and the average family size in
Georgia declined slightly.
Geographically, Atlanta and surrounding areas account for most of Georgia’s population growth. Atlanta’s
population growth has moved beyond the metro limits,
and fused with the growing population centers of Athens,
Dalton, and Macon. Seventeen of Georgia’s 159 counties
belong to the 100 fastest growing counties in the nation,
and Forsyth, Henry, and Paulding counties rank within
the top ten—at second, fourth, and seventh, respectively.
In addition, southeastern Georgia and Savannah also are
centers of population growth. Bryan County, with a 51.7
percent increase in population, ranked 76 on the list of the
nation’s fastest growing counties, while Effingham
County’s 46.1 percent rise and Camden County’s 44.7
percent increase ranked them 108 and 120, respectively,
among the nation’s 3,141 counties. ■
Beata D. Kochut
For more information and detailed tables, go to the
Bureau of the Census site at www.census.gov. For
detailed, full-color Census 2000 maps of Georgia,
see the Selig Center’s site at www.selig.uga.edu/
gaweb/seligmaps/seligmaps.html.
8
TABLE 1
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
American
Indian and
Alaska
Native
Total
population
One Race
Total
White
Black or
African
American
8,186,453
8,072,265
5,327,281
2,349,542
21,737
COUNTY
Appling
Atkinson
Bacon
Baker
Baldwin
Banks
Barrow
Bartow
Ben Hill
Berrien
17,419
7,609
10,103
4,074
44,700
14,422
46,144
76,019
17,484
16,235
17,312
7,528
10,011
4,049
44,369
14,320
45,496
75,183
17,349
16,086
13,376
5,082
8,232
1,932
24,215
13,435
39,149
66,734
11,059
13,877
3,412
1,492
1,586
2,053
19,392
464
4,483
6,600
5,706
1,856
36
28
15
9
96
43
139
214
36
43
Bibb
Bleckley
Brantley
Brooks
Bryan
Bulloch
Burke
Butts
Calhoun
Camden
153,887
11,666
14,629
16,450
23,417
55,983
22,243
19,522
6,320
43,664
152,645
11,592
14,471
16,295
23,103
55,555
22,028
19,337
6,289
42,841
77,147
8,544
13,804
9,436
19,386
38,460
10,433
13,514
2,418
32,765
72,818
2,869
582
6,472
3,311
16,101
11,343
5,627
3,830
8,783
272
11
20
50
74
72
51
76
9
216
Candler
Carroll
Catoosa
Charlton
Chatham
Chattahoochee
Chattooga
Cherokee
Clarke
Clay
9,577
87,268
53,282
10,282
232,048
14,882
25,470
141,903
101,489
3,357
9,499
86,272
52,787
10,158
229,067
14,321
25,210
140,072
100,063
3,335
6,268
70,265
51,356
7,052
128,279
8,643
22,084
131,128
65,852
1,290
2,593
14,241
669
3,008
93,971
4,453
2,856
3,525
27,656
2,030
18
232
163
43
580
119
20
534
214
4
Clayton
Clinch
Cobb
Coffee
Colquitt
Columbia
Cook
Coweta
Crawford
Crisp
236,517
6,878
607,751
37,413
42,053
89,288
15,771
89,215
12,495
21,996
231,595
6,820
596,378
37,069
41,582
87,897
15,648
88,305
12,372
21,846
89,741
4,741
439,991
25,528
28,503
73,814
10,714
70,353
9,103
11,894
121,927
2,029
114,233
9,684
9,869
10,011
4,587
16,032
2,974
9,547
751
35
1,579
120
124
285
34
208
46
33
Geographic
Area
Georgia
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
9
TABLE 1
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Native
Hawaiian
And Other
Pacific
Islander
Some
other race
173,170
4,246
196,289
114,188
435,227
COUNTY
Appling
Atkinson
Bacon
Baker
Baldwin
Banks
Barrow
Bartow
Ben Hill
Berrien
52
9
30
0
450
87
1,014
386
49
48
2
2
0
1
3
9
18
21
0
13
434
915
148
54
213
282
693
1,228
499
249
107
81
92
25
331
102
648
836
135
149
792
1,290
342
111
607
493
1,460
2,524
800
384
Bibb
Bleckley
Brantley
Brooks
Bryan
Bulloch
Burke
Butts
Calhoun
Camden
1,658
109
13
43
181
461
57
50
4
441
36
3
1
4
16
15
3
4
0
37
714
56
51
290
135
446
141
66
28
599
1,242
74
158
155
314
428
215
185
31
823
2,023
107
152
505
465
1,052
316
277
189
1,585
Candler
Carroll
Catoosa
Charlton
Chatham
Chattahoochee
Chattooga
Cherokee
Clarke
Clay
27
538
379
35
4,013
268
31
1,141
3,173
9
3
16
10
6
151
67
5
42
45
2
590
980
210
14
2,073
771
214
3,702
3,123
0
78
996
495
124
2,981
561
260
1,831
1,426
22
882
2,243
621
81
5,403
1,551
537
7,695
6,436
32
10,629
8
18,587
210
105
2,997
66
610
21
149
155
0
257
14
15
80
5
13
2
7
8,392
7
21,731
1,513
2,966
710
242
1,089
226
216
4,922
58
11,373
344
471
1,391
123
910
123
150
17,728
54
46,964
2,550
4,554
2,313
485
2,797
301
382
Geographic
Area
Georgia
Clayton
Clinch
Cobb
Coffee
Colquitt
Columbia
Cook
Coweta
Crawford
Crisp
May-June 2001
Asian
Two or
more
races
Hispanic
or
Latino (of
any race)
10
TABLE 1 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Black or
African
American
American
Indian and
Alaska
Native
Total
population
One Race
Total
Dade
Dawson
Decatur
DeKalb
Dodge
Dooly
Dougherty
Douglas
Early
Echols
15,154
15,999
28,240
665,865
19,171
11,525
96,065
92,174
12,354
3,754
15,039
15,846
28,031
651,744
19,083
11,420
95,354
90,847
12,258
3,717
14,776
15,554
16,126
238,521
13,219
5,298
36,315
71,235
6,212
2,896
96
57
11,270
361,111
5,637
5,709
57,762
17,065
5,947
260
74
59
68
1,548
35
19
225
324
25
43
Effingham
Elbert
Emanuel
Evans
Fannin
Fayette
Floyd
Forsyth
Franklin
Fulton
37,535
20,511
21,837
10,495
19,798
91,263
90,565
98,407
20,285
816,006
37,145
20,371
21,725
10,434
19,594
90,124
89,533
97,496
20,126
804,153
31,776
13,730
13,909
6,474
19,398
76,541
73,668
93,531
18,153
392,598
4,876
6,328
7,267
3,461
24
10,465
12,050
684
1,792
363,656
119
40
30
19
93
194
283
247
42
1,514
Gilmer
Glascock
Glynn
Gordon
Grady
Greene
Gwinnett
Habersham
Hall
Hancock
23,456
2,556
67,568
44,104
23,659
14,406
588,448
35,902
139,277
10,076
23,131
2,537
66,832
43,658
23,467
14,326
575,775
35,413
137,382
10,038
21,963
2,316
47,746
39,557
15,285
7,628
427,883
31,910
112,470
2,162
63
212
17,874
1,527
7,133
6,403
78,224
1,610
10,126
7,835
107
6
177
121
217
36
1,638
104
479
16
Haralson
Harris
Hart
Heard
Henry
Houston
Irwin
Jackson
Jasper
Jeff Davis
25,690
23,695
22,997
11,012
119,341
110,765
9,931
41,589
11,426
12,684
25,478
23,488
22,853
10,932
117,995
108,936
9,881
41,170
11,336
12,614
23,885
18,584
18,188
9,633
97,116
78,170
7,148
37,016
8,107
10,300
1,388
4,614
4,452
1,192
17,523
27,422
2,570
3,234
3,115
1,920
65
85
35
35
269
376
6
73
24
30
Geographic
Area
White
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
11
TABLE 1 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Geographic
Area
Asian
Native
Hawaiian
And Other
Pacific
Islander
Some
other race
Two or
more
races
Hispanic
or
Latino (of
any race)
Dade
Dawson
Decatur
DeKalb
Dodge
Dooly
Dougherty
Douglas
Early
Echols
58
52
92
26,718
42
49
552
1,080
23
3
4
6
11
329
4
13
30
21
7
1
31
118
464
23,517
146
332
470
1,122
44
514
115
153
209
14,121
88
105
711
1,327
96
37
137
254
905
52,542
248
537
1,292
2,640
152
739
Effingham
Elbert
Emanuel
Evans
Fannin
Fayette
Floyd
Forsyth
Franklin
Fulton
170
50
53
33
47
2,208
845
785
51
24,823
9
6
1
3
1
22
83
13
4
346
195
217
465
444
31
694
2,604
2,236
84
21,216
390
140
112
61
204
1,139
1,032
911
159
11,853
531
489
745
625
130
2,582
4,983
5,477
187
48,056
Gilmer
Glascock
Glynn
Gordon
Grady
Greene
Gwinnett
Habersham
Hall
Hancock
55
0
408
234
72
36
42,360
679
1,876
11
60
0
32
24
2
9
263
37
239
0
883
3
595
2,195
758
214
25,407
1,073
12,192
14
325
19
736
446
192
80
12,673
489
1,895
38
1,815
12
2,019
3,268
1,222
420
64,137
2,750
27,242
54
87
120
122
12
2,096
1,761
32
398
18
56
1
5
1
8
46
69
1
2
2
5
52
80
55
52
945
1,138
124
447
70
303
212
207
144
80
1,346
1,829
50
419
90
70
143
260
196
116
2,692
3,363
202
1,249
236
651
Haralson
Harris
Hart
Heard
Henry
Houston
Irwin
Jackson
Jasper
Jeff Davis
May-June 2001
12
TABLE 1 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Geographic
Area
Black or
African
American
American
Indian and
Alaska
Native
Total
population
One Race
Total
Jefferson
Jenkins
Johnson
Jones
Lamar
Lanier
Laurens
Lee
Liberty
Lincoln
17,266
8,575
8,560
23,639
15,912
7,241
44,874
24,757
61,610
8,348
17,177
8,515
8,537
23,470
15,770
7,154
44,604
24,589
59,535
8,301
7,267
4,827
5,345
17,735
10,785
5,185
28,469
20,361
28,737
5,364
9,717
3,472
3,164
5,506
4,836
1,856
15,494
3,838
26,396
2,869
21
13
11
40
44
41
89
60
322
31
Long
Lowndes
Lumpkin
McDuffie
McIntosh
Macon
Madison
Marion
Meriwether
Miller
10,304
92,115
21,016
21,231
10,847
14,074
25,730
7,144
22,534
6,383
10,111
90,898
20,694
21,069
10,753
13,968
25,474
7,043
22,374
6,362
7,049
57,112
19,760
12,905
6,654
5,260
22,903
4,347
12,644
4,485
2,499
31,309
307
7,966
3,993
8,371
2,176
2,434
9,512
1,845
75
343
203
53
41
31
50
26
73
11
23,932
21,757
8,270
15,457
36,506
186,291
62,001
26,225
12,635
81,678
23,764
21,596
8,219
15,319
36,183
182,807
61,394
25,996
12,528
80,731
11,864
15,309
5,766
10,772
34,789
93,936
46,666
23,492
9,892
73,992
11,455
6,077
2,253
4,410
226
81,488
13,771
1,683
2,496
5,685
48
76
6
21
107
716
139
46
25
241
23,668
22,983
15,636
13,688
38,127
9,588
18,812
2,598
15,050
7,791
23,469
22,790
15,522
13,610
37,766
9,509
18,639
2,584
14,920
7,757
12,135
22,111
13,588
11,448
30,700
6,041
12,689
1,354
14,280
3,034
10,738
293
1,706
2,025
5,085
3,287
5,625
1,218
119
4,633
77
87
40
29
84
25
37
6
64
27
Mitchell
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Murray
Muscogee
Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe
Paulding
Peach
Pickens
Pierce
Pike
Polk
Pulaski
Putnam
Quitman
Rabun
Randolph
White
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
13
TABLE 1 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Geographic
Area
Asian
Native
Hawaiian
And Other
Pacific
Islander
Some
other race
Two or
more
races
Hispanic
or
Latino (of
any race)
Jefferson
Jenkins
Johnson
Jones
Lamar
Lanier
Laurens
Lee
Liberty
Lincoln
27
18
10
125
59
26
361
208
1,082
13
1
8
1
6
2
3
13
3
266
4
144
177
6
58
44
43
178
119
2,732
20
89
60
23
169
142
87
270
168
2,075
47
259
287
78
169
172
126
529
300
5,022
81
Long
Lowndes
Lumpkin
McDuffie
McIntosh
Macon
Madison
Marion
Meriwether
Miller
59
1,101
79
69
32
85
72
13
54
3
26
42
16
7
4
7
7
12
15
5
403
991
329
69
29
214
266
211
76
13
193
1,217
322
162
94
106
256
101
160
21
870
2,447
728
284
99
364
507
413
191
44
Mitchell
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Murray
Muscogee
Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe
Paulding
65
74
16
51
92
2,864
449
376
31
327
12
6
2
1
5
270
10
12
5
23
320
54
176
64
964
3,533
359
387
79
463
168
161
51
138
323
3,484
607
229
107
947
491
281
271
248
2,006
8,372
1,157
833
174
1,398
78
53
28
51
119
33
125
1
57
14
8
6
8
0
17
12
8
0
4
9
433
240
152
57
1,761
111
155
5
396
40
199
193
114
78
361
79
173
14
130
34
998
467
357
167
2,921
270
407
13
683
92
Peach
Pickens
Pierce
Pike
Polk
Pulaski
Putnam
Quitman
Rabun
Randolph
May-June 2001
14
TABLE 1 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Geographic
Area
Black or
African
American
American
Indian and
Alaska
Native
Total
population
One Race
Total
Richmond
Rockdale
Schley
Screven
Seminole
Spalding
Stephens
Stewart
Sumter
Talbot
199,775
70,111
3,766
15,374
9,369
58,417
25,435
5,252
33,200
6,498
196,222
69,225
3,723
15,298
9,327
57,901
25,194
5,209
33,005
6,444
91,006
53,100
2,477
8,234
5,785
38,846
21,808
1,949
16,010
2,391
99,391
12,771
1,178
6,963
3,247
18,141
3,053
3,232
16,276
4,002
552
181
8
22
17
133
66
13
98
15
Taliaferro
Tattnall
Taylor
Telfair
Terrell
Thomas
Tift
Toombs
Towns
Treutlen
2,077
22,305
8,815
11,794
10,970
42,737
38,407
26,067
9,319
6,854
2,062
22,100
8,743
11,739
10,894
42,372
38,070
25,895
9,281
6,814
793
13,496
4,883
7,042
4,163
25,207
25,084
18,029
9,207
4,501
1,253
7,010
3,752
4,534
6,658
16,607
10,760
6,296
12
2,269
1
31
10
3
22
126
78
54
16
4
Troup
Turner
Twiggs
Union
Upson
Walker
Walton
Ware
Warren
Washington
58,779
9,504
10,590
17,289
27,597
61,053
60,687
35,483
6,336
21,176
58,318
9,470
10,498
17,161
27,452
60,543
60,112
35,250
6,307
21,086
38,676
5,357
5,812
16,932
19,477
57,652
50,387
24,714
2,500
9,683
18,734
3,895
4,623
100
7,712
2,310
8,749
9,939
3,768
11,265
95
14
22
44
69
179
152
63
11
36
Wayne
Webster
Wheeler
White
Whitfield
Wilcox
Wilkes
Wilkinson
Worth
26,565
2,390
6,179
19,944
83,525
8,577
10,687
10,220
21,967
26,312
2,371
6,130
19,730
81,934
8,540
10,596
10,153
21,846
20,382
1,207
3,989
18,979
67,602
5,370
5,891
5,924
15,090
5,398
1,124
2,050
432
3,214
3,106
4,601
4,160
6,495
60
2
8
80
293
8
21
21
78
White
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
15
TABLE 1 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Geographic
Area
Asian
Native
Hawaiian
And Other
Pacific
Islander
Some
other race
Two or
more
races
Hispanic
or
Latino (of
any race)
Richmond
Rockdale
Schley
Screven
Seminole
Spalding
Stephens
Stewart
Sumter
Talbot
3,000
1,340
3
40
17
390
145
9
196
18
249
57
6
8
0
11
21
0
6
1
2,024
1,776
51
31
261
380
101
6
419
17
3,553
886
43
76
42
516
241
43
195
54
5,545
4,182
89
147
347
947
250
79
891
82
Taliaferro
Tattnall
Taylor
Telfair
Terrell
Thomas
Tift
Toombs
Towns
Treutlen
1
64
16
23
38
176
375
122
29
18
0
18
0
0
3
24
9
2
0
0
14
1,481
82
137
10
232
1,764
1,392
17
22
15
205
72
55
76
365
337
172
38
40
19
1,883
163
215
136
734
2,944
2,310
67
79
Troup
Turner
Twiggs
Union
Upson
Walker
Walton
Ware
Warren
Washington
342
31
12
40
104
168
425
172
9
56
33
1
3
3
6
14
12
11
0
3
438
172
26
42
84
220
387
351
19
43
461
34
92
128
145
510
575
233
29
90
1,004
244
112
153
327
565
1,163
688
51
134
Wayne
Webster
Wheeler
White
Whitfield
Wilcox
Wilkes
Wilkinson
Worth
118
0
6
102
766
14
25
7
48
5
0
0
36
28
1
4
0
2
349
38
77
101
10,031
41
54
41
133
253
19
49
214
1,591
37
91
67
121
1,013
66
219
311
18,419
139
212
101
240
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000.
May-June 2001
16
TABLE 2
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000,
Percent of Total, 2000
Geographic
Area
Total
population
One Race
Total
White
Black or
African
American
American
Indian and
Alaska
Native
Georgia
100.0
98.6
65.1
28.7
0.3
COUNTY
Appling
Atkinson
Bacon
Baker
Baldwin
Banks
Barrow
Bartow
Ben Hill
Berrien
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.4
98.9
99.1
99.4
99.3
99.3
98.6
98.9
99.2
99.1
76.8
66.8
81.5
47.4
54.2
93.2
84.8
87.8
63.3
85.5
19.6
19.6
15.7
50.4
43.4
3.2
9.7
8.7
32.6
11.4
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
Bibb
Bleckley
Brantley
Brooks
Bryan
Bulloch
Burke
Butts
Calhoun
Camden
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
99.4
98.9
99.1
98.7
99.2
99.0
99.1
99.5
98.1
50.1
73.2
94.4
57.4
82.8
68.7
46.9
69.2
38.3
75.0
47.3
24.6
4.0
39.3
14.1
28.8
51.0
28.8
60.6
20.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.5
Candler
Carroll
Catoosa
Charlton
Chatham
Chattahoochee
Chattooga
Cherokee
Clarke
Clay
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
98.9
99.1
98.8
98.7
96.2
99.0
98.7
98.6
99.3
65.4
80.5
96.4
68.6
55.3
58.1
86.7
92.4
64.9
38.4
27.1
16.3
1.3
29.3
40.5
29.9
11.2
2.5
27.3
60.5
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.8
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
Clayton
Clinch
Cobb
Coffee
Colquitt
Columbia
Cook
Coweta
Crawford
Crisp
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.9
99.2
98.1
99.1
98.9
98.4
99.2
99.0
99.0
99.3
37.9
68.9
72.4
68.2
67.8
82.7
67.9
78.9
72.9
54.1
51.6
29.5
18.8
25.9
23.5
11.2
29.1
18.0
23.8
43.4
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
17
TABLE 2
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000,
Percent of Total, 2000
Asian
Native
Hawaiian
And Other
Pacific
Islander
Georgia
2.1
COUNTY
Appling
Atkinson
Bacon
Baker
Baldwin
Banks
Barrow
Bartow
Ben Hill
Berrien
Some
other race
Two or
more
races
Hispanic
or
Latino (of
any race)
0.1
2.4
1.4
5.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.0
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
2.5
12.0
1.5
1.3
0.5
2.0
1.5
1.6
2.9
1.5
0.6
1.1
0.9
0.6
0.7
0.7
1.4
1.1
0.8
0.9
4.5
17.0
3.4
2.7
1.4
3.4
3.2
3.3
4.6
2.4
Bibb
Bleckley
Brantley
Brooks
Bryan
Bulloch
Burke
Butts
Calhoun
Camden
1.1
0.9
0.1
0.3
0.8
0.8
0.3
0.3
0.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.3
1.8
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.3
0.4
1.4
0.8
0.6
1.1
0.9
1.3
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.5
1.9
1.3
0.9
1.0
3.1
2.0
1.9
1.4
1.4
3.0
3.6
Candler
Carroll
Catoosa
Charlton
Chatham
Chattahoochee
Chattooga
Cherokee
Clarke
Clay
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.3
1.7
1.8
0.1
0.8
3.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
6.2
1.1
0.4
0.1
0.9
5.2
0.8
2.6
3.1
0.0
0.8
1.1
0.9
1.2
1.3
3.8
1.0
1.3
1.4
0.7
9.2
2.6
1.2
0.8
2.3
10.4
2.1
5.4
6.3
1.0
Clayton
Clinch
Cobb
Coffee
Colquitt
Columbia
Cook
Coweta
Crawford
Crisp
4.5
0.1
3.1
0.6
0.2
3.4
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.1
3.6
4.0
7.1
0.8
1.5
1.2
1.8
1.0
2.1
0.8
1.9
0.9
1.1
1.6
0.8
1.0
1.0
0.7
7.5
0.8
7.7
6.8
10.8
2.6
3.1
3.1
2.4
1.7
Geographic
Area
May-June 2001
18
TABLE 2 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Percent of Total, 2000
Geographic
Area
Total
population
One Race
Total
White
Black or
African
American
American
Indian and
Alaska
Native
Dade
Dawson
Decatur
DeKalb
Dodge
Dooly
Dougherty
Douglas
Early
Echols
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
99.0
99.3
97.9
99.5
99.1
99.3
98.6
99.2
99.0
97.5
97.2
57.1
35.8
69.0
46.0
37.8
77.3
50.3
77.1
0.6
0.4
39.9
54.2
29.4
49.5
60.1
18.5
48.1
6.9
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
1.1
Effingham
Elbert
Emanuel
Evans
Fannin
Fayette
Floyd
Forsyth
Franklin
Fulton
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.0
99.3
99.5
99.4
99.0
98.8
98.9
99.1
99.2
98.5
84.7
66.9
63.7
61.7
98.0
83.9
81.3
95.0
89.5
48.1
13.0
30.9
33.3
33.0
0.1
11.5
13.3
0.7
8.8
44.6
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
Gilmer
Glascock
Glynn
Gordon
Grady
Greene
Gwinnett
Habersham
Hall
Hancock
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.6
99.3
98.9
99.0
99.2
99.4
97.8
98.6
98.6
99.6
93.6
90.6
70.7
89.7
64.6
53.0
72.7
88.9
80.8
21.5
0.3
8.3
26.5
3.5
30.1
44.4
13.3
4.5
7.3
77.8
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.9
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
Haralson
Harris
Hart
Heard
Henry
Houston
Irwin
Jackson
Jasper
Jeff Davis
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
99.1
99.4
99.3
98.9
98.3
99.5
99.0
99.2
99.4
93.0
78.4
79.1
87.5
81.4
70.6
72.0
89.0
71.0
81.2
5.4
19.5
19.4
10.8
14.7
24.8
25.9
7.8
27.3
15.1
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
19
TABLE 2 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Percent of Total, 2000
Asian
Native
Hawaiian
And Other
Pacific
Islander
Dade
Dawson
Decatur
DeKalb
Dodge
Dooly
Dougherty
Douglas
Early
Echols
0.4
0.3
0.3
4.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
1.2
0.2
0.1
Effingham
Elbert
Emanuel
Evans
Fannin
Fayette
Floyd
Forsyth
Franklin
Fulton
Some
other race
Two or
more
races
Hispanic
or
Latino (of
any race)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.7
1.6
3.5
0.8
2.9
0.5
1.2
0.4
13.7
0.8
1.0
0.7
2.1
0.5
0.9
0.7
1.4
0.8
1.0
0.9
1.6
3.2
7.9
1.3
4.7
1.3
2.9
1.2
19.7
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
2.4
0.9
0.8
0.3
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.1
2.1
4.2
0.2
0.8
2.9
2.3
0.4
2.6
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.6
1.0
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.8
1.5
1.4
2.4
3.4
6.0
0.7
2.8
5.5
5.6
0.9
5.9
Gilmer
Glascock
Glynn
Gordon
Grady
Greene
Gwinnett
Habersham
Hall
Hancock
0.2
0.0
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.2
7.2
1.9
1.3
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
3.8
0.1
0.9
5.0
3.2
1.5
4.3
3.0
8.8
0.1
1.4
0.7
1.1
1.0
0.8
0.6
2.2
1.4
1.4
0.4
7.7
0.5
3.0
7.4
5.2
2.9
10.9
7.7
19.6
0.5
Haralson
Harris
Hart
Heard
Henry
Houston
Irwin
Jackson
Jasper
Jeff Davis
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.1
1.8
1.6
0.3
1.0
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.1
0.6
2.4
0.8
0.9
0.6
0.7
1.1
1.7
0.5
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.6
1.1
0.9
1.1
2.3
3.0
2.0
3.0
2.1
5.1
Geographic
Area
May-June 2001
20
TABLE 2 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Percent of Total, 2000
Geographic
Area
Total
population
One Race
Total
White
Black or
African
American
American
Indian and
Alaska
Native
Jefferson
Jenkins
Johnson
Jones
Lamar
Lanier
Laurens
Lee
Liberty
Lincoln
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.5
99.3
99.7
99.3
99.1
98.8
99.4
99.3
96.6
99.4
42.1
56.3
62.4
75.0
67.8
71.6
63.4
82.2
46.6
64.3
56.3
40.5
37.0
23.3
30.4
25.6
34.5
15.5
42.8
34.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.4
Long
Lowndes
Lumpkin
McDuffie
McIntosh
Macon
Madison
Marion
Meriwether
Miller
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.1
98.7
98.5
99.2
99.1
99.2
99.0
98.6
99.3
99.7
68.4
62.0
94.0
60.8
61.3
37.4
89.0
60.8
56.1
70.3
24.3
34.0
1.5
37.5
36.8
59.5
8.5
34.1
42.2
28.9
0.7
0.4
1.0
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
Mitchell
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Murray
Muscogee
Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe
Paulding
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.3
99.3
99.4
99.1
99.1
98.1
99.0
99.1
99.2
98.8
49.6
70.4
69.7
69.7
95.3
50.4
75.3
89.6
78.3
90.6
47.9
27.9
27.2
28.5
0.6
43.7
22.2
6.4
19.8
7.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
Peach
Pickens
Pierce
Pike
Polk
Pulaski
Putnam
Quitman
Rabun
Randolph
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
99.2
99.3
99.4
99.1
99.2
99.1
99.5
99.1
99.6
51.3
96.2
86.9
83.6
80.5
63.0
67.5
52.1
94.9
38.9
45.4
1.3
10.9
14.8
13.3
34.3
29.9
46.9
0.8
59.5
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
21
TABLE 2 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Percent of Total, 2000
Asian
Native
Hawaiian
And Other
Pacific
Islander
Jefferson
Jenkins
Johnson
Jones
Lamar
Lanier
Laurens
Lee
Liberty
Lincoln
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.8
1.8
0.2
Long
Lowndes
Lumpkin
McDuffie
McIntosh
Macon
Madison
Marion
Meriwether
Miller
Some
other race
Two or
more
races
Hispanic
or
Latino (of
any race)
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.8
2.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.5
4.4
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.9
1.2
0.6
0.7
3.4
0.6
1.5
3.3
0.9
0.7
1.1
1.7
1.2
1.2
8.2
1.0
0.6
1.2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
3.9
1.1
1.6
0.3
0.3
1.5
1.0
3.0
0.3
0.2
1.9
1.3
1.5
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.4
0.7
0.3
8.4
2.7
3.5
1.3
0.9
2.6
2.0
5.8
0.8
0.7
Mitchell
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Murray
Muscogee
Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe
Paulding
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
1.5
0.7
1.4
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.2
2.1
0.4
2.6
1.9
0.6
1.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.9
0.9
1.9
1.0
0.9
0.8
1.2
2.1
1.3
3.3
1.6
5.5
4.5
1.9
3.2
1.4
1.7
Peach
Pickens
Pierce
Pike
Polk
Pulaski
Putnam
Quitman
Rabun
Randolph
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.8
1.0
1.0
0.4
4.6
1.2
0.8
0.2
2.6
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.5
0.9
0.4
4.2
2.0
2.3
1.2
7.7
2.8
2.2
0.5
4.5
1.2
Geographic
Area
May-June 2001
22
TABLE 2 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Percent of Total, 2000
Geographic
Area
Total
population
One Race
Total
White
Black or
African
American
American
Indian and
Alaska
Native
Richmond
Rockdale
Schley
Screven
Seminole
Spalding
Stephens
Stewart
Sumter
Talbot
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.2
98.7
98.9
99.5
99.6
99.1
99.1
99.2
99.4
99.2
45.6
75.7
65.8
53.6
61.7
66.5
85.7
37.1
48.2
36.8
49.8
18.2
31.3
45.3
34.7
31.1
12.0
61.5
49.0
61.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
Taliaferro
Tattnall
Taylor
Telfair
Terrell
Thomas
Tift
Toombs
Towns
Treutlen
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.3
99.1
99.2
99.5
99.3
99.1
99.1
99.3
99.6
99.4
38.2
60.5
55.4
59.7
37.9
59.0
65.3
69.2
98.8
65.7
60.3
31.4
42.6
38.4
60.7
38.9
28.0
24.2
0.1
33.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
Troup
Turner
Twiggs
Union
Upson
Walker
Walton
Ware
Warren
Washington
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
99.6
99.1
99.3
99.5
99.2
99.1
99.3
99.5
99.6
65.8
56.4
54.9
97.9
70.6
94.4
83.0
69.7
39.5
45.7
31.9
41.0
43.7
0.6
27.9
3.8
14.4
28.0
59.5
53.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
Wayne
Webster
Wheeler
White
Whitfield
Wilcox
Wilkes
Wilkinson
Worth
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.0
99.2
99.2
98.9
98.1
99.6
99.1
99.3
99.4
76.7
50.5
64.6
95.2
80.9
62.6
55.1
58.0
68.7
20.3
47.0
33.2
2.2
3.8
36.2
43.1
40.7
29.6
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
23
TABLE 2 (continued)
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
in Georgia by County, 2000
Percent of Total, 2000
Asian
Native
Hawaiian
And Other
Pacific
Islander
Richmond
Rockdale
Schley
Screven
Seminole
Spalding
Stephens
Stewart
Sumter
Talbot
1.5
1.9
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.7
0.6
0.2
0.6
0.3
Taliaferro
Tattnall
Taylor
Telfair
Terrell
Thomas
Tift
Toombs
Towns
Treutlen
Some
other race
Two or
more
races
Hispanic
or
Latino (of
any race)
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.5
1.4
0.2
2.8
0.7
0.4
0.1
1.3
0.3
1.8
1.3
1.1
0.5
0.4
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.8
2.8
6.0
2.4
1.0
3.7
1.6
1.0
1.5
2.7
1.3
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
6.6
0.9
1.2
0.1
0.5
4.6
5.3
0.2
0.3
0.7
0.9
0.8
0.5
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.9
8.4
1.8
1.8
1.2
1.7
7.7
8.9
0.7
1.2
Troup
Turner
Twiggs
Union
Upson
Walker
Walton
Ware
Warren
Washington
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
1.8
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
1.0
0.3
0.2
0.8
0.4
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.8
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.4
1.7
2.6
1.1
0.9
1.2
0.9
1.9
1.9
0.8
0.6
Wayne
Webster
Wheeler
White
Whitfield
Wilcox
Wilkes
Wilkinson
Worth
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.9
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.6
1.2
0.5
12.0
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.6
1.0
0.8
0.8
1.1
1.9
0.4
0.9
0.7
0.6
3.8
2.8
3.5
1.6
22.1
1.6
2.0
1.0
1.1
Geographic
Area
Source: Selig Center for Economic Growth, based on U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000.
May-June 2001
24
TABLE 3
1990 and 2000 Population in Georgia, by County,
with Numeric and Percent Change
Area
Population Count
1990
2000
1990-2000 Change
Numeric
Percent
Georgia
6,478,216
8,186,453
1,708,237
26.4
Appling
Atkinson
Bacon
Baker
Baldwin
Banks
Barrow
Bartow
Ben Hill
Berrien
15,744
6,213
9,566
3,615
39,530
10,308
29,721
55,911
16,245
14,153
17,419
7,609
10,103
4,074
44,700
14,422
46,144
76,019
17,484
16,235
1,675
1,396
537
459
5,170
4,114
16,423
20,108
1,239
2,082
10.6
22.5
5.6
12.7
13.1
39.9
55.3
36.0
7.6
14.7
Bibb
Bleckley
Brantley
Brooks
Bryan
Bulloch
Burke
Butts
Calhoun
Camden
149,967
10,430
11,077
15,398
15,438
43,125
20,579
15,326
5,013
30,167
153,887
11,666
14,629
16,450
23,417
55,983
22,243
19,522
6,320
43,664
3,920
1,236
3,552
1,052
7,979
12,858
1,664
4,196
1,307
13,497
2.6
11.9
32.1
6.8
51.7
29.8
8.1
27.4
26.1
44.7
Candler
Carroll
Catoosa
Charlton
Chatham
Chattahoochee
Chattooga
Cherokee
Clarke
Clay
7,744
71,422
42,464
8,496
216,935
16,934
22,242
90,204
87,594
3,364
9,577
87,268
53,282
10,282
232,048
14,882
25,470
141,903
101,489
3,357
1,833
15,846
10,818
1,786
15,113
-2,052
3,228
51,699
13,895
-7
23.7
22.2
25.5
21.0
7.0
-12.1
14.5
57.3
15.9
-0.2
Clayton
Clinch
Cobb
Coffee
Colquitt
Columbia
Cook
Coweta
Crawford
Crisp
182,052
6,160
447,745
29,592
36,645
66,031
13,456
53,853
8,991
20,011
236,517
6,878
607,751
37,413
42,053
89,288
15,771
89,215
12,495
21,996
54,465
718
160,006
7,821
5,408
23,257
2,315
35,362
3,504
1,985
29.9
11.7
35.7
26.4
14.8
35.2
17.2
65.7
39.0
9.9
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
25
TABLE 3 (continued)
1990 and 2000 Population in Georgia, by County,
with Numeric and Percent Change
Area
Population Count
1990
2000
1990-2000 Change
Numeric
Percent
Dade
Dawson
Decatur
DeKalb
Dodge
Dooly
Dougherty
Douglas
Early
Echols
13,147
9,429
25,511
545,837
17,607
9,901
96,311
71,120
11,854
2,334
15,154
15,999
28,240
665,865
19,171
11,525
96,065
92,174
12,354
3,754
2,007
6,570
2,729
120,028
1,564
1,624
-246
21,054
500
1,420
15.3
69.7
10.7
22.0
8.9
16.4
-0.3
29.6
4.2
60.8
Effingham
Elbert
Emanuel
Evans
Fannin
Fayette
Floyd
Forsyth
Franklin
Fulton
25,687
18,949
20,546
8,724
15,992
62,415
81,251
44,083
16,650
648,951
37,535
20,511
21,837
10,495
19,798
91,263
90,565
98,407
20,285
816,006
11,848
1,562
1,291
1,771
3,806
28,848
9,314
54,324
3,635
167,055
46.1
8.2
6.3
20.3
23.8
46.2
11.5
123.2
21.8
25.7
Gilmer
Glascock
Glynn
Gordon
Grady
Greene
Gwinnett
Habersham
Hall
Hancock
13,368
2,357
62,496
35,072
20,279
11,793
352,910
27,621
95,428
8,908
23,456
2,556
67,568
44,104
23,659
14,406
588,448
35,902
139,277
10,076
10,088
199
5,072
9,032
3,380
2,613
235,538
8,281
43,849
1,168
75.5
8.4
8.1
25.8
16.7
22.2
6
30.0
45.9
13.1
21,966
17,788
19,712
8,628
58,741
89,208
8,649
30,005
8,453
12,032
25,690
23,695
22,997
11,012
119,341
110,765
9,931
41,589
11,426
12,684
3,724
5,907
3,285
2,384
60,600
21,557
1,282
11,584
2,973
652
17.0
33.2
16.7
27.6
103.2
24.2
14.8
38.6
35.2
5.4
Haralson
Harris
Hart
Heard
Henry
Houston
Irwin
Jackson
Jasper
Jeff Davis
May-June 2001
26
TABLE 3 (continued)
1990 and 2000 Population in Georgia, by County,
with Numeric and Percent Change
Area
Population Count
1990
2000
1990-2000 Change
Numeric
Percent
Jefferson
Jenkins
Johnson
Jones
Lamar
Lanier
Laurens
Lee
Liberty
Lincoln
17,408
8,247
8,329
20,739
13,038
5,531
39,988
16,250
52,745
7,442
17,266
8,575
8,560
23,639
15,912
7,241
44,874
24,757
61,610
8,348
-142
328
231
2,900
2,874
1,710
4,886
8,507
8,865
906
-0.8
4.0
2.8
14.0
22.0
30.9
12.2
52.4
16.8
12.2
Long
Lowndes
Lumpkin
McDuffie
McIntosh
Macon
Madison
Marion
Meriwether
Miller
6,202
75,981
14,573
20,119
8,634
13,114
21,050
5,590
22,411
6,280
10,304
92,115
21,016
21,231
10,847
14,074
25,730
7,144
22,534
6,383
4,102
16,134
6,443
1,112
2,213
960
4,680
1,554
123
103
66.1
21.2
44.2
5.5
25.6
7.3
22.2
27.8
0.5
1.6
20,275
17,113
7,163
12,883
26,147
179,278
41,808
17,618
9,763
41,611
23,932
21,757
8,270
15,457
36,506
186,291
62,001
26,225
12,635
81,678
3,657
4,644
1,107
2,574
10,359
7,013
20,193
8,607
2,872
40,067
18.0
27.1
15.5
20.0
39.6
3.9
48.3
48.9
29.4
96.3
21,189
14,432
13,328
10,224
33,815
8,108
14,137
2,209
11,648
8,023
23,668
22,983
15,636
13,688
38,127
9,588
18,812
2,598
15,050
7,791
2,479
8,551
2,308
3,464
4,312
1,480
4,675
389
3,402
-232
11.7
59.3
17.3
33.9
12.8
18.3
33.1
17.6
29.2
-2.9
Mitchell
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Murray
Muscogee
Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe
Paulding
Peach
Pickens
Pierce
Pike
Polk
Pulaski
Putnam
Quitman
Rabun
Randolph
Georgia Business and Economic Conditions
27
TABLE 3 (continued)
1990 and 2000 Population in Georgia, by County,
with Numeric and Percent Change
Area
Population Count
1990
2000
Richmond
Rockdale
Schley
Screven
Seminole
Spalding
Stephens
Stewart
Sumter
Talbot
189,719
54,091
3,588
13,842
9,010
54,457
23,257
5,654
30,228
6,524
199,775
70,111
3,766
15,374
9,369
58,417
25,435
5,252
33,200
6,498
10,056
16,020
178
1,532
359
3,960
2,178
-402
2,972
-26
5.3
29.6
5.0
11.1
4.0
7.3
9.4
-7.1
9.8
-0.4
Taliaferro
Tattnall
Taylor
Telfair
Terrell
Thomas
Tift
Toombs
Towns
Treutlen
1,915
17,722
7,642
11,000
10,653
38,986
34,998
24,072
6,754
5,994
2,077
22,305
8,815
11,794
10,970
42,737
38,407
26,067
9,319
6,854
162
4,583
1,173
794
317
3,751
3,409
1,995
2,565
860
8.5
25.9
15.3
7.2
3.0
9.6
9.7
8.3
38.0
14.3
Troup
Turner
Twiggs
Union
Upson
Walker
Walton
Ware
Warren
Washington
55,536
8,703
9,806
11,993
26,300
58,340
38,586
35,471
6,078
19,112
58,779
9,504
10,590
17,289
27,597
61,053
60,687
35,483
6,336
21,176
3,243
801
784
5,296
1,297
2,713
22,101
12
258
2,064
5.8
9.2
8.0
44.2
4.9
4.7
57.3
0.0
4.2
10.8
Wayne
Webster
Wheeler
White
Whitfield
Wilcox
Wilkes
Wilkinson
Worth
22,356
2,263
4,903
13,006
72,462
7,008
10,597
10,228
19,745
26,565
2,390
6,179
19,944
83,525
8,577
10,687
10,220
21,967
4,209
127
1,276
6,938
11,063
1,569
90
-8
2,222
18.8
5.6
26.0
53.3
15.3
22.4
0.8
-0.1
11.3
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000.
May-June 2001
1990-2000 Change
Numeric
Percent
1990-2000 Percentage Change in Georgia’s Population