620
Or3b
no.42
c.4
Liti
POCUMENI
COLLECT
OREGON
CDLtICT ION
Particulate Emissions
From
Sawmill Waste Burners
R. W. Boubel
.-
'-'s
\
-..
t-
T:I
- -----
w
.'
BTh1
August 1968
- ----
ation
tate University
Corvallis, Oregon
THE Oregon State Engineering Experiment Station was established
by act of the Board of Regents of Oregon State University on
May 4, 1927. It is the purpose of the Station to serve the state in
a manner broadly outlined by the following policy:
(1)To stimulate and elevate engineering education by developing the research spirit in faculty and students.
(2) To serve the industries, utilities, professional engineers, pubic departments, and engineering teachers by making investigations
of interest to them.
(3) To publish and distribute by bulletins, circulars, and technical articles in periodicals the results of such studies, surveys, tests,
investigations, and research as will be of greatest benefit to the people of Oregon, and particularly to the State's industries, utilities, and
professional engineers.
To make available the results of the investigations conducted by
the Station, three types of publications are issued. These are:
(1) BULLETINS covering original investigations.
(2) CIRCULARS giving compilations of useful data.
(3) REPRINTS giving more general distribution to scientific
papers or reports previously published elsewhere, as for example,
in the proceedings of professional societies.
Single copies of publications are sent free on request to residents of Oregon, to libraries, and to other experiment stations exchanging publications. As long as available, additional copies, or
copies to others, are sent at prices covering cost of printing. The
price of this publication is 50 cents.
For copies of publications or for other information address
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION,
CORVALLIS, OREGON 97331
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM
SAWMILL WASTE BURNERS
By
Richard W. Boubel, Ph. D.
Professor of Mechanican Engineering
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
BULLETIN NO. 42
AUGUST 1968
Presented at the 61st Annual Meeting
of the
Air Pollution Control Association
June 23-27, 1968
St. Paul, Minnesota
Engineering Experiment Station
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon
TABLE OF CONTENTS
........................
INTRODUCTION ......................
PROCEDURE .......................
ABSTRACT
RESULTS
.........................
......................
.................
i
1
2
6
CONCLUSIONS
10
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
10
REFERENCES ....................... 12
APPENDIX ......................... 13
ABSTRACT
To obtain particulate emission data from the HWigwamu type wood
residue incinerator, 100 individual samples were taken from 19
burners located in the Pacific Northwest. The samples were taken
while the burners were in normal operation so they are representative
of actual emissions. Gravimetric and size analyses were made on
each of the samples.
Summary results are presented in the body of the paper. They
indicate the extreme variability of these burners. For instance, the
particulate emissions ranged from a low of 0. 004 grains per cubic
foot to a high of 0. 607 grains per cubic foot. Data and results from
the 19 individual burners are included in the appendix.
The information presented enables control officials to evaluate
these burners for particulate emission quantities, size distribution,
and transport characteristics of the emissions.
From an "average burner" one can expect a particulate emis sion
of 0. 168 grains of particulate per cubic foot of gas (corrected to 12%
CO2 and STP). This is equivalent to approximately 10. 7 pounds of
particulate per ton of fuel consumed. The particulate has two distinct
size distributions, one representing the "smoke" (less than 2 microns)
and one representing the material which would settle from the atmosphere downwind from the burner (larger than 10 microns).
The stokes diameter of the larger particulate was estimated to be
1/10th the actual measured diameter.
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM SAWMILL WASTE BURNERS
Richard W. Boubel, Ph. D. , Professor of Mechanical Engineering,
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.
One of the air pollution problems which exists in the Pacific
Northwest can be traced directly to the incineration of wood residues
by the lumber industry. In the manufacture of lumber or plywood,
considerable waste material is produced. One way to dispose of
this residue is incineration in a Wigwam type burner. There are
over 500 of these burners in Oregon alone. Figure 1 shows a typical
Wigwam or Teepee burner. This study was undertaken to learn
more about the characteristics of the emissions from these incinerator s.
Figure 1. Typical 'Wigwam type incinerator.
This study was sponsored by the Research Grants Branch,
National Center for Air Pollution Control, Bureau of Disease Prevention and Environmental control, Public Health Service, Grant
Number AP 00348.
PROCEDURE
During the summer of 1967, a test crew of two men took 100
samples at 19 waste burners in the Pacific Northwest. The crew used
a probe operated from the grourjd t obtain these samples. The probe
has been previously described ( 2; The probe and sampling system
operated satisfactorily as indicated by the fact that the 100 samples
were taken by the two man crew in 42 working days. This included
the travel time between sites and occasional trips to the laboratory
with the samples. Some troubles were encountered, such as getting
the probe stuck in the top of a burner occasionally, but these were
the exception rather than the rule.
The sampling train used in all tests is shown in Figure 2. It was
designed to collect all of the articulate in a form suitable for both
gravimetric and size analysis.
gases
in
to vacuun,
moisture
trap
Figure 2. Sampling train.
In the early stages of the development of the sampling train attempts were made to measure the velocity of the gas stream at the
top of the burner using a pitot tube and a micromanometer. A pitot
tube is not a good device to measure such low velocities and the high
temperature eliminates the use of devices such as anemometers. The
velocity was also observed to fluctuate considerably. An average
velocity value of 600 feet per minute was obtained from the more extensive data in previous studies. Therefore this velocity was matched
at the sampling probe tip rather than attempting to continually vary the
sampling rate to follow the fluctuating velocity.
2
S
S
S
S
S
S
.
S
S
.
S
S
.
I.
.
S
S
I
I.,
S
I.
S
S
S
I.
S
I.
5
.
I.
I
S
S
I
S
S
4
I
S
I.
5
S
I
S
I.
S
S
S
S
S
U
I
I.
S
I.
I.
S
S
I.
II;;;;:IIIuuuupIInuuIuiuu.n..uuuII
"!!!!!!!!:::;;.duIuIIuIIuuIIuII
IIIIuIIflhIIIh:ulIuuIIIIIIIIuIuuIl
IIIIIIIflhIInhIII.i;!qIIIIIIIIIuhII
IIIIIIIIIl..;;;:::!!IIIuuuuIIIIuluIuII
111111111 .;;:!!uuuIuIuIuuIuIIIfl
uiuuuiiuiiuuuhl.rn:uiiuupi..uuuu.
IIIIuuIIIMIu'!;..?!uIIIuIIIMIIuIuII
uuuuIIuIIi!!!!!:;;flhIIIuIhIuuuuII
IIIIuIIIuIC!!I!uuIlIIflhIIIuuIIIp
IIuIuunhIup!!::;..uIIIInhuuIIIIu
IIII.IuIn,.u..;;::!:....,,uIu...uh.
luuuluuuuIIi;!!Iu.uIuuuuuIuIuu.I..
IuIuI;;;;:!!!!!uI"uIuuuIuuuuhIIuI
IIIIIIIIIIuIIII.;;!!!!uIuIIIIIIIIUII
IluuuuuIIIIu::!;;iiuilluuuIuuIu
IIIIIuI!re;;ii.IuuIIIIIIuInhIIIIII
IIIIIIIllihI'I!!!!:IIIIIIIIIIIIII
IuIuuIIIIulb.ii;;;:!!!"uuuInuIIuIII
IIIIIIIIII"!!!!!!!.;iIuIIuIIuuIIIIII
IIUIfl::UIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIflIU
iiuiuinunuipu"::uuiuniiiiini
uuuuuuiuiiiuuiuuuiuui;;;:iuiiiiiii
IIIIuuIuIIIuuIluI"!:;iii.uiluIuuuuu
iiiiuuiuiiuuuuuuiuiifluuuIuuuuijIului
uiuiunuuiuuuuiuiiii.....;uninu
I.
S
S
5
I
I.
S
S
S
S
I.
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIflpiIIII
iiuiuuuUiP'ruuuuiiiiiiiuuiHhi
.Iuun,uuc::uuuuluuuu.,..uuuI.IunI
111111;;;;
;;;::e!!!!!uuuuuuIuIIuu
U
S
S
I
S
S
IIuIIuIIuIIIuIuIuuuabIluIIIIIuuII
!!!!UIIIIuIIIuIlIflhIIIIIIIIIIIilI
IuIuuuuIuIIn:::-:;iiuuIuIuIIluIuIuu
IIII!;:!I'IIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIII
I.
S
S
S
S
S
S
I.
S
S
S
U
S
I.
I.
S
S
S
S
0
I.
I
S
S
S
U
I.
I.
I
S
S
I
S
I.
S
S
I.
S
I
S
I
S
S
S
I.
*
S
S
I
S
S
I
*
S
S
I
I.
S
5
S
S
S
I
I
S
I
S
S
S
S
S
U
S
S
I
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
each collecting element, except the membrane filter, with distilled
water. A drop of the liquid was then placed on a microscope slide
and a particle size distribution determined. Figure 4 illustrates the
particulate collected by the sample train. The remaining liquid was
Figure 4. Particulate collected by sampling train.
100X
evaporated in a dried, tared evaporating dish. The weight of the
sample was then determined. Sample weights on the order of five
milligrams were collected with the sample train. The samples were
then ashed by placing them in a muffle furnace at 750° C for 30 minutes.
After cooling they were again weighed to determine the percent ash.
Figure 5 shows the material collected during typical runs. The
membrane filter is above the respective washings.
S
Figure 5. Particulate samples.
4
Figure 6 shows the same samples after ashing.
1J
0
Ut)
Figure 6. Particulate samples after ashing.
The small particles, collected on the membrane filter, were
treated for microscopic examination by making the filter material
transparent by applying a drop of dioxane. An example of the small
particles collected on the membrane filter can be seen in Figure 7.
The particles collected in the sampling train components followed
approximately a log normal distribution.
PA
;r
*i#
'b:.
hL
r
.,.f.'
_,
:,?..
.''
e
.
s.
'a
i)
Figure 7. Particles collected on the membrane filter. 450X.
Data tabulation and reduction was done after all samples were
analyzed. Variables of interest were: (1) weight gain by the membrane
5
filter, (2) weight gain by the train ahead of the membrane filter, (3)
gas
percent ash in the particulate, (4) average temperature of the volume
particulate
emission
per
unit
during the sampling period, (5)
of exhaust gas, (6) draft ratio (actual measured draft: theoretical
shell,
draft) which indicated the amount of leakage through the burner
(8)
size
the
membrane
filter,
and
(7) size analysis of particulate on
analysis of particulate in the sampling train ahead of the membrane
filter.
RESULTS
to deterSince 19 different burners were tested, it was desirable
burners.
mine if significant differences existed between the various
An analysis of variance was run and the results are indicated in
Table 1.
Significant @ 5% Level
Variable of Interest
Ash content of particulate
Average gas temperature
Particulate emission
Draft ratio
Mean particle size collected
ahead of membrane filter
Mean particle size collected
by membrane filter
(Burners significantly different)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Table 1. Analysis of variance of data from 19 burners.
Except for the draft ratio, it appears that each burner is significantly different from the average and they must be considered as
individual sources (rather than identical sources).
indicates
The average draft ratio for all 100 tests was 0. 49 which
wigwam
draft
can
be
expected
from
a
that about 1/2 the theoretical
of the overfire air
considering the size
burner. This is reasonable
where
the shell meets
ports, leakiness of the shell, gaps at the point
the ground, etc.
The mean values of the significantly different variables are preto use
sented in Table 2. The overall averages would be the values
be
signifito describe a "typical" waste burner. Some values would
cantly higher than the average, and some values significantly lower,
as indicated by the analysis of variance.
Average Particluate Mean Particle Particle Geo. Mean Particle Particle Geo.
Ash
Deviation on
Size on
Content Gas Temp. Emission
Size Ahead Deviation Ahead
°
of Filter
Filter
of Filter, p.
grain/ft
Number
F
Filter, p.
%
2. 09
2. 42
3.41
3.79
3.74
23
379
338
208
166
519
791
230
308
0. 120
0. 312
0. 155
0. 129
0. 224
0. 130
0. 284
0. 191
0. 163
0. 252
0. 194
0. 132
0. 021
0. 128
0. 160
0. 252
37
485
0. 168
3. 28
21
3
4
30
25
5
31
6
44
7
24
8
9
10
32
56
28
11
56
12
13
14
15
16
*
*
*
*
18
19
45
13
22
Overall
Average
0. 70
0. 90
0. 96
1. 26
1. 10
1. 19
1. 08
6. 29
2. 06
50
2
17
2. 25
2. 86
2. 38
3. 48
3. 64
4. 00
3. 25
3. 96
3. 60
2. 63
2. 84
2. 73
2. 87
2. 38
3. 18
4. 12
3. 31
0. 171
0. 105
1
389
539
400
455
291
544
525
598
866
435
405
0.080
1.92
2.98
2. 57
2. 71
3. 70
3. 92
2.85
3. 03
3. 41
3. 38
3.68
3. 29
3.44
1. 42
1. 42
1. 45
1. 56
1. 42
1.42
1. 07
1. 03
1. 01
1. 43
1. 43
1. 46
1. 45
0.99
1.49
0. 96
1. 02
1. 06
1. 03
1. 10
1. 04
0. 96
3. 01
0.92
1. 40
1. 55
1. 61
1. 57
1. 57
1. 59
1. 47
1. 56
3. 25
1. 02
1.49
Indicates samples lost
Table 2. Significant Variables: Wigwam Waste Burners.
The particulate emitted from the Ittypicalil waste burner would be
about 37% ash. This indicates they would be about 1/3 combusted
(100% ash would be complete combustion; the wood has about 1% ash
originally).
The emission temperature would be 485°F which is considerably
below the 600° F - 900° F temperature range recommended for
smoke-free operation (3, 4)
The loading to the atmosphere is 0. 168 grains per cubic foot of
gas corrected to 12% CO2 and standard temperature (60°fl and pressure (30. 00 inches of mercury). This value is considerably below the
value used by many control agencies of 0. 3 grains per cubic foot for
allowable incinerator emissions. Converted to metric units, the
average particulate emission is 384 mg/m3 (corrected to 12% CO7 and
STP). If the air/fuel ratio for a typical wood is assumed, 12% CO1
is approximately equivalent to 9. 5 pounds of air per pound of fuel 5),
the average emission can be calculated 10. 7 pounds of particulate per
ton of fuel consumed. This is considerably below the value of 22
pounds of particulate per ton of fuel which has been used for years
when calculating the emission inventory (6) An emission of 22 pounds
per ton of fuel is roughly equivalent to 0. 345 grains per cubic foot.
This high a value was measured at times on some of the burners
tested (see appendix for data on individual burners). Twenty-two
pounds per ton of fuel can still be used as a high value but a more
realistic value for an area survey would be the 10. 7 pounds per ton
figure. Possibly it would be easier to remember, as well as being
simpler, if it were rounded to 11 pounds per ton.
The particle size distributions measured showed a significant
difference for that material collected in the train ahead of the filter
and for that material on the filter itself. This is to be expected because the train was designed to remove the large material before it
reached the membrane filter.
The large geometrical deviation ahead of the filter also indicates
the wide range of particle size collected by this portion of the train.
If an attempt is made to convert the distribution to a weight mean,
rather than a count mean, using the formula suggested by Hatch and
Choate
(v):
lnM'g = lnMg + 3(lng)2
where:
M'g = weight mean
Mg
count mean
o- g
geometric deviation
the weight mean size becomes unreasonably large. This formula
should not be used therefore because the distributions encountered
were not truly log-normal but a compromise between log-normal and
normal. The reason for this was that the particulate emitted could
not be considered as being generated by one single source. It was a
combination of particles from different processes (sawing, planing,
barking, etc.) which had undergone a chemical reaction (combustion)
to varying degrees of completeness. A count mean therefore appears
to be the best way to describe the size distribution of the material
emitted by a wigwam waste burner.
Two distinct size distributions were noted upon microscopic
examination of the collected material. One size distribution was
noted for a larger particulate which was capable of settling to the
ground as dustfall. Another distribution was noted for the smaller
sized particles which are seen as TTsmokett and are referred to as
suspended particulate. An average value of 24% for the weight of the
particulate collected on the membrane filter indicated that about one
quarter of the mass of the particulate is emitted as 'smoke" or suspended particulate.
A brief experiment was conducted in the laboratory to determine
the settling velocity of the larger particulate. The time required for
the particles to fall 10 feet was observed. The averages of several
trails are presented as Table 3.
Particle Size,
mm
Measured Settling Time,
sec/305 cm
Stokes Diameter Assuming
S. G. = 0. 67, mm
3
3.33
0.4
5
2.33
0.7
9
1.67
0.9
Table 3.
Settling velocities for large waste burner emissions.
It appears that the larger material emitted by a waste burner,
which is certainly a nuisance to nearby property owners, has a
stokes diameter about i/b its measured diamter. The slow settling
is primarily a function of the shape of the particles which is far from
spherical. These particles will carry a great deal farther on a wind
than would normally be expected if settling velocity were calculated
from their measured size. Using a stokes diameter of i/io the actual,
a 1 mm particle starting from an emitted height of 75 feet can be expected to travel about 1/5 mile on a 5 mph wind before reaching the
ground. This assumes laminar flow which of course is never the
case. It does give some idea of how far a relatively large particle
(considering the size distribution) can travel on a light wind before
reaching the ground and adding to the pollution burden as dustfalL.
A correlation matrix of variables was run on a computer to see
if there was a significant relationship between variables measured
during this study. Only three significant correlations were found but
they were very interesting as they indicate how a burner might be
operated to reduce air pollution:
1.
The particulate emission correlates inversely with the
emission temperature. The higher the temperature, the
lower the emissions.
2.
The draft ratio (actual/theoretical) correlates directly
with temperature. Higher temperature, and hence lower
emission, is achieved with a tighter burner (better
maintenance and the doors closed!).
3.
The percent of ash in the emission correlates directly
with temperature. Higher emission temperature indicates
more complete cornbusion with less material to be
emitted as an air pollutant.
The size of the particulate emitted did not correlate significantly
with temperature which would indicate that it was more of a function
of the material being fed to the burner than how the burner was operated.
CONCLUSION
Until the day of complete wood utilization at all mills comes, we
will be using the wigwam burner for residue disposal. The information gathered during the extensive testing of several representative
burners is both valid and useful.
It can be used by the mill operators
to reduce emissions to the minimum so that they might be observed
as better industrial citizens. It can be used by control officials to
evaluate these burners for particulate emission quantities, size distribution, and transport characteristics of the emissions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
cooperation of the 19 mills is greatly appreciated. They
are not named as this would not add to the value of this particular
study. The lumber industry, as typified by these cooperating mills,
has been very helpful in trying to solve their own air pollution
problems.
The Oregon State Sanitary Authority Staff has cooperated on
many of the studies reported here. Their continued efforts with the
wood industries wilI result in a better environment for the entire
Pacific Northwest.
10
The crews who did the work of testing and analysis deserve
special mention. They performed their work well and cheerfully.
All were students at Oregon State University: John Kellogg and Larry
Thornburgh handled the field collection of the samples, Robert
Morrison and Robert Black performed the laboratory analyses.
II
REFERENCES
1.
R. W. Boubel and K. R. Wise, 'An Emission Sampling Probe
Installed, Operated, and Retrieved from Ground Level, J. Air
Poll. Control Assoc. , 18, 84-85 (February 1968).
Z.
K. R. Wise, 'An Emission Sampling Device Installed, Operated
and Retrieved from Ground Level, Thesis for the Master of
Science Degree, Oregon State University (June 1967).
3.
R. W. Boubel, "Wood Residue Incineration in Tepee Burners,
Circular No. 34, Engineering Experiment Station, Oregon State
University (July 1965).
4.
R. W. Boubel, M. Northcraft, A. Van Vliet, and M. Popovich,
"Wood Waste Disposal and Utilization, " Bulletin No. 39,
Engineering Experiment Station, Oregon State University
(August 1958).
5.
G. R. Fryling, ed., "Combustion Engineering, " Combustion
Engineering [nc., New York, N. Y. (1966).
6.
________________, "Elements of Air Quality Management,
7.
T. F. Hatch and S. Choate, "Statistical Description of the Size
Properties of Non-Uniform Particulate Substances, " J. Franklin
Inst. 207, 369 (1933).
Training Program Manual, Division of Air Pollution, USPHS,
Cincinnati (July 1963).
12
APPENDIX
Mill No. - 1
40 ft.
Burner Base Dia. - 30 ft.
Burner Top Dia. - 15 ft.
Forced Draft System - None
Grate System None
Overfire Air Tangential, adjustable
Relief Vents None
Burner Condition - Good
Fuel Type Douglas Fir bark
Burner Height
I
RESULTS OF 4 TESTS
VaLLb1e of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, ° F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
Mean
0.0450
Standard
Deviation
0.0770
Value
High
Value
0.0059
0. 1605
Low
50.17
31.05
9. 52
81.16
388.75
62.77
300.00
440.00
0.171
0.245
0.024
0.453
0.39
0.11
0.24
0.48
6.29
4.14
2.80
11. 90
2.25
1.04
1.39
3.66
0.70
0.09
0.61
0. 82
1.42
0.02
1.39
1.44
Actual/
(Count Basis),
j.
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
ICountBasis),
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
_________
.L
H
Mill No. 2
Burner Height 35 ft.
Burner Base Dia. - 30 ft.
Burner Top Dia. 15 ft.
Forced Draft System Centrifigal Fan
Grate System - Elbow Grates
Overfire Air - Tangential, adjustable
Relief Vents None
Burner Condition - Fair Good
Fuel Type White Fir sawdust, rough stock, planer shavings
;
_J
...*
.
-.....
s
I-
RESULTS OF 4 TESTS
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, °F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
Standard
Deviation
Mean
0.0355
0.0158
Value
High
Value
0.0164
0.0552
Low
21.35
0.52
20.73
21.97
538.75
72.15
470.00
635.00
0.105
0.047
0.061
0.167
0.92
0.10
0.79
1.00
2.06
0.48
1.46
2.61
2.86
0.55
2.29
3.60
0. 90
0.03
0.87
0.95
0.02
1.40
Actual/
(Count Basis),
1j.
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
untBasis),
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
I.L
1.42
[
1.45
J
Mill No.
3
50 ft.
Burner Base Dia. - 40 ft.
Burner Top Dia. 25 ft.
Forced Draft System - None
Grate System - None
Overfire Air Tangential, Adjustable
Relief Venti None
Burner Condition Fair
Fuel Type Cedar sawdust, bark, rough stock
Burner Height
RESULTS OF 2 TESTS
Vanable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
Mean
0.0159
29.82
400.00
Standard
Deviation
0.0008
2.02
Value
High
Value
0.0154
0.0165
Low
28.40
31.25
*
*
*
0.080
*
*
0.68
*
*
*
1.92
0.66
1.45
2.39
2. 38
0.23
2. 22
2. 55
0.96
0.05
0.92
0.99
1.45
0.06
1.41
1.50
Actual/
(Count Basis),
p.
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
ACount Basis),
.
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
* Only one value
Mill No. - 4
Burner Height -40 ft.
40 ft.
Burner Base Dia.
Burner Top Dia. 20 ft.
Forced Draft System None
Grate System None
Overfire Air Tangential, adjustable
Relief Vents Yes
Burner Condition - Good
Hemlock rough stock
Fuel Type
4;
.I.
.
(..
_al
,
v-rn
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of ParticuLite
Average Temp.
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
Mean
0.0173
Standard
Deviation
0.0039
1
Value
High
Value
0.0130
0.0232
Low
25.29
11.96
16. 59
46.15
455.00
50.74
390.00
510.00
0.120
0.032
0.082
0.156
0.43
0.08
0.33
0.54
2.09
0. 50
1.47
2. 58
348
0.67
2. 76
4.42
1.26
0.25
1.03
1.61
1.56
0.24
1.28
1.86
Actual/
(Count BasL3),
IJ
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
LCount Basis),
P-
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
Mill No. -5
60 ft.
Burner Base Dia. - 60 ft.
Burner Top Dia. - 30 ft.
Forced Air System Centrifigal Fans
Grate System None
Overfire Air Tangential, Fixed
Relief Vents - None
Burner Condition - Fair Good
Fuel Type Ponderosa Pine sawdust, shavings, rough stock
Burner Height
RESULTS OF 5TESTS
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
%Ash of Pa'ticu]ate
Average Temp.
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Actua] I Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
(Count Basis),
0. 0180
0. 0079
Value
High
Value
0.0050
0.0260
Low
30.67
8.32
20.22
37.96
291.00
133.15
190.00
525.00
0.312
0.184
0.103
0.539
0.38
0.19
0.22
0.71
0.42
1.08
1.00
3. 65
3.64
0.92
2.70
5.15
1. 10
0. 17
0.90
1. 24
1.42
0.05
1.36
1.49
L
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
(Count Basis),
Mean
Standard
Deviation
.
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
Mill No. 6
Burner Height 50 ft.
50 ft.
Burner Base Dia.
Burner Top Dia. 25 ft.
Forced Draft System Axial & Centrifigal Fans
Grate System Flat Grates
Overfire Air Tangential, Fixed
Relief Venl - None
Burner Condition Good
Fuel Type - White and Red Fir, Lodgepole Pine sawdust, shavings, rough stock
- a-As
.-.I'
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Inteiest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Actua] / Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
(Count Basis),
Mean
0.0330
Standard
Deviation
0.0133
Value
High
Value
0.0121
0.0488
Low
44.26
7.09
34.67
53.79
544.00
22.75
525.00
580.00
0.154
0.063
0.060
0. 232
0.74
0.04
0.68
0. 77
2. 98
1. 44
1.80
5.02
4.00
1.12
2.93
5.78
1.19
0.08
1.10
1. 27
1.42
0.11
1.32
[1.59
.L
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
ountBasis),
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
1J.
Mill No. 7
Burner Height 50 ft.
50 ft.
Burner Base Dia.
Burner Top Dia. 25 ft.
Forced Draft System Centrifigal Fan
Grate System None
Overfire Air Window, Fixed
Relief Vents None
Burner Condition Fair
Fuel Type Fir and Pine sawdust, bark, rough stock
.4
...
- &__.
.-
..*
'.1
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Inteiest
Total Particulate
Collected gtams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Actual / Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
Mean
0.0253
Standard
Deviation
0.0124
Low
Value
0.0090
23.69
4. 59
16. 39
525.00
72.80
410.00
High
Value
0.0426
27. 53
590.00
.-*-----
0.129
0.063
0.041
0.190
0.72
0.08
0.63
0.85
2.57
0.66
1.92
3.64
3.25
0.43
2.67
3.82
1.08
0.06
0.98
1.14
1.43
0.06
1.34
1.49
(Count Basis),
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
ICount Basis), J.
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
Mill No. 8
Burner Height - 60 ft.
Burner Base Dia. 50 ft.
Burner Top Dia. 25 ft.
Forced Draft System Centrifigal fan
Grate System - None
Overuire Air - Tangential, adjustable
Relief Vents None
Burner Condition - Good
Fuel Type Pine, some Fir sawdust, shavings, Fir bark
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Interest
Total Particul ate
Collected, grains
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, °F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Actual / Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
(Count
Mean
0.0395
Standard
Deviation
0.0178
Low
Value
0.0133
High
Value
0.0615
31.61
8.23
25.09
45. 36
598.00
49.32
525.00
650.00
0.224
0.096
0.096
0.358
0.68
0.15
0.55
0.90
2.71
0. 71
2.07
3.88
3.96
0.94
3.04
5.33
.O7
0.06
1.01
1.17
Basis),
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
kCount Basis),
.L
Membrane Filter
1.42
0.03
1.43
Geometrical Deviation
__________________________________________________________________I.______________________________________________________
1.48
-_________________
Mill No. 9
Burner Height - 50 ft.
Burner Base Dia. - 25 ft.
Burner Top [Ma. 15 ft.
Forced Draft System Centrifigal
Grate System flat
Overfire Air Tangential, adjustable
Relief Vents None
Burner Condition Good
Fuel Type Fir shavings, bark
1'-
RESULTS OF 15 TESTS
Standard
Deviation
Low
Value
1
High
Value
Mean
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
0.0064
0.2104
0.0665
0.1054
Collected, grams
79. 98
22. 81
14. 78
56.48
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
1500.00
150.00
323.58
866.33
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
0.027
0.362
0.087
0.130
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
1.20
0.56
0.16
0.79
Actual / Theoretical
Sampling Train
6.45
2.05
1.30
3.70
Mean Diameter
(Count Basis), p.
Sampling Train
2.62
5.61
0.84
3.60
Geometrical
Deviation
______- _ -i--________________ _____________
______________________
Membrane Filter
1.19
0.91
0.08
1.03
Mean Diameter
I
Count Basis),
p.
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
1.46
0.07
1.33
1.65
Mill No. -10
50 ft.
Burner Base Dia. - 50 ft.
Burner Top Dia. 25 ft.
Forced Draft System - Centrifigal
Grate System - flat
Overfire Air - Tangential, fixed
Relief Vents - Yes
Burner Condition Good
Fuel Type Fir, Pine, Larch, Spruce sawdust, bark
Burner Height
RESULTS OF 5 TESJ
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Actual / Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
(Count Basis),
IJ
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
Mean
0.0356
Standard
Deviation
0.0186
Low
Value
0.0045
1
I
High
Value
0.0510
27.78
14.63
3. 22
38.94
435.00
94. 54
300.00
525.00
0.283
0.211
0.019
0.605
0.37
0.20
0.06
0.61
3. 92
0.76
2. 71
4.45
_________- ______________ ___________
2.63
0.68
1.80
3.46
1.01
0.05
0.96
1.09
1.45
0.04
1.39
1.50
Count Basis), JJ.
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
Mill No. U
Burner Height 35 ft.
Burner Base Dia.
25 ft.
Burner Top Dia. 15 ft.
Forced Draft System - Centrifugal
Grate System None
Overfire Air Window, fixed
Relief Vents None
Burner Condition poor
Fuel Type Fir, Pine, Spruce sawdust, thavings, bark, rough stock
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
Mean
0.0308
Standard
Deviation
0.0094
Low
Value
0.0198
High
Value
0.0453
55.83
16. 82
32. 57
73. 58
405.00
59. 58
340.00
500.00
0.190
0.042
0.132
0.246
0.29
0.06
0.22
0.33
2.85
0.69
2.00
3.52
2. 84
0. 88
1. 81
3.63
0.99
0.08
0.88
1.10
1.49
0.04
1.43
1.53
Actual/
(Count Basis), i.
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
jCount Basis),
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
FJ.
Mill No. -12
Burner Height - 60 ft.
Burner Base Dia. 50 ft.
Burner Top Dia. - 25 ft.
Force Draft System Centrifugal
Grate System - Flat
Overfire Air - Tangential, adjustable
Relief Vents - None
Burner Condition - Fair
Fuel Type - Hemlock sawdust, shavings, rough stock
-
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
Mean
0. 0195
Standard
Deviation
0.0076
Low
Value
0.0090
High
Value
0. 0275
No Dat
379.00
163.72
90.00
490.00
0.163
0.152
0.045
0.429
0. 70
1.05
0.17
2. 57
3.03
0.79
2.00
4.12
2.73
0.69
1.91
3.52
0.96
0.05
0.88
1.00
1.40
0.06
1.31
1.47
Actual/
(Count Basis),
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
(Count Basis), F.L
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
Mill No. 13
Burner Height 45 ft.
Burner Base Dja. 40 ft.
Burner Top Dia. - 20 ft.
Forced Draft System - None
Grate System None
Overfire Air Tangential, fixed
Relief Vents None
Burner Condition Poor
Fuel Type - Veneer (fir, hemlock, spruce, cedar) rough stock
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Actual / Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
Mean
0. 0224
Standard
Deviation
0.0195
Low
Value
0.0045
High
Value
0. 0522
No Data
388.00
66.86
290.00
450.00
0.252
0.242-
0.028
0.607
0.70
0.42
0.11
1.26
3.41
0.98
2. 52
4. 95
2.87
0. 46
2. 13
3.
1.02
0.08
0.92
1.13
1.
0. 18
1. 32
1. 75
(Count Basis), p.
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
kCount Basis),
p.
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
Mill No. 14
Burner Height
50 ft.
Burner Base Dlii. - 40 ft.
Burner Top Dia. 20 ft.
Forced Draft System None
Grate System - None
Overfire Air - Tangential, None
Relief Vents Yes
Burner Condition Fair
Fuel Type - Alder, Maple, Oak sawdust, bark, rough stock
-
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Actual / Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
(Count Basis),
Mean
0.0139
208.00
r
Standrd
Low
Deviation
Value
0.0080
0.0060
High
Value
0.0253
No Dat
60.89
130.00
290.00
0.194
0.069
0.123
0.287
0.31
0.15
0.14
0.49
3. 38
0. 79
2.90
4.78
2.38
1.30
1.26
3.99
1.06
0.13
0.92
1.19
1.61
0.09
1.50
1.72
1j.
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
jCount Basis), p.
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
Mill No. -15
Burner Height - 40 ft.
Burner Base Dia. - 30 ft.
BurnerTopDia. -15 ft.
Forced Draft System None
Grate System None
Overfire Air - Tangential, fixed
Relief Vents - None
Burner Condition - Poor
F uel Type - Fir, Hemlock, Spruce sawdust, bark, rough stock
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, °F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Actual / Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
Mean
1
0.0101
Standard
Deviation
Low
f
I
Value
I
0.0054
0.0050
High
Value
0.0184
No Dat
166
73.09
100.00
275.00
0.132
0.081
0.069
0.271
0.12
0.08
0.00
0.24
3.68
1.01
2.44
5.06
0. 53
2. 51
3. 70
0.04
1.00
1.08
I
(Count Basis), .t
Sampling Train
3. 18
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
1.03
Mean Diameter
rnount Basis),
Membrane Filter
1.57
Geometrical Deviation
______________________
F
I
0.12
I
1.41
________________
1.72
__________ ________ _______-.
I
.1
Mill No. - 16
45 ft.
Burner Base Dia. - 40 ft.
Burner Top Dia. - 20 ft.
Forced Draft System - Axial
Grate System Mushroom
Overfire Air - Tangential, fixed
Relief Venl
None
Burner Condition Good
Fuel Type - Redwood bark
Burner Height
1
ii
ê.1
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, °F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Actual / Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
(Count Basis),
Mean
0.0113
Standard
Deviation
0.0044
Low
Value
0.0071
High
Value
0.0166
44.84
28.97
15.09
93.22
519.00
22.75
480.00
540.00
0.020
0.008
0.012
0.032
0.31
0.17
0.00
0.44
3.29
0.75
2.60
4.28
412
1.46
2.57
6.38
1.10
0.09
0.98
1.17
1.57
0.20
1.40
1.81
1j.
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
ountBasis), Ii.
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
Mill No. -17
Burner Height 50 ft.
Burner Base Dia. 40 ft
Burner Top Dia. - 20 ft.
Forced Draft System Centrifigal, Axial
Grate System Mushroom
Overfire Air Tangential, fixed
Relief Vents - None
Burner Condition Good
Fuel Type Redwood shavings
Li
'/
L1
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / it3
Draft Ratio,
Actual / Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
(Count Basis),
Low
Value
High
Value
0. 0067
0.0353
12.84
5.16
6.81
19.19
791.00
248. 93
450. 00
1075.00
0. 0449
0. 0519
0.128
0.074
0.055
0.228
0.41
0.14
0. 24
0. 60
3.44
0.96
2.23
4.55
3 31
0. 60
2. 83
4.35
1.04
0.09
0.96
1.17
1.59
0.18
1.38
.i
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
MeanDiameter
Count Basis),
Mean
Standard
Deviation
.L
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
Mill No. -18
Burner Height - 40 ft.
Burner Base Dia. - 40 ft.
Burner Top Dia. 20 ft.
Forced Draft System None
Grate System - None
Overfire Air - Tangential, fixed
Relief Vents - None
Burner Condition Poor
Fuel Type - Douglas Fir sawdust, rough stock
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
Variable of Interest
i'otal Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, 0 F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
Mean
0.0088
Standard
Deviation
Low
Value
High
Value
0.0057
0.0014
22.17
0.07
0.00
22.22
230.00
183.20
100.00
550.00
0.0143
0.160
0.133
0.004
0.302
0.15
0. 09
0. 00
0. 25
3.41
0.77
2. 86
4 75
3.74
1. 22
1. 77
4. 97
0.96
0.13
0.78
1.09
1.47
0.04
1.43
1.54
Actual/
(Count Basis),
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
(Count Basis),
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
Mill No. 19
Burner Height - 40 ft.
Burner Base Dia. - 40 ft.
Burner Top Dia. 20 ft.
Forced Draft System - None
Grate System - None
Overfire Air - Tangential, fixed
Relief Vents Yes
Burner Condition - Poor
Fuel Type - Douglas Fir sawdust, rough stock, sander dust, shavings
RESULTS OF 5 TESTS
1
Variable of Interest
Total Particulate
Collected, grams
% Ash of Particulate
Average Temp.
During Test, 0 F
Particulate Emission,
Corrected grains / ft3
Draft Ratio,
Actual / Theoretical
Sampling Train
Mean Diameter
Mean
0.0233
Standard
Deviation
0.0127
High
Value
Low
Value
0.0087
0.0347
23.15
5.18
14.52
27.35
308.00
208.28
100.00
540.00
0. 465
0. 252
0. 194
022
0.12
0.00
0.40
3.79
1. 75
2.34
6.15
3.01
0.75
2.35
4.30
0.92
0. 03
0. 83
1.56
0.14
1.43
(Count Basis), .t
Sampling Train
Geometrical Deviation
Membrane Filter
Mean Diameter
Count Basis),
i
0. 96
.L
Membrane Filter
Geometrical Deviation
1.74
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION
CORVALLIS, OREGON
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
Bulletins-
No.
1.
No.
2.
No.
3.
No.
4.
No.
5.
No.
6.
No.
7.
No.
8.
No.
9.
Preliminary Report on the Control of Stream Pollution in Oregon, by C. V. Langton
and H. S. Rogers. 1929. l5.
A Sanitary Survey of the Willamette Valley, by H. S. Rogers, C. A. Mockmore,
and C. D. Adams. 11)30. 40.
The Properties of Cement.Sawdust Mortars, Plain and with Various Admixtures,
by S. H. Graf and R. H. Johnson. 1930. 40.
Interpretation of Exhaust Gas Analyses, by S. H. Graf, G. \V. Gleeson, and \V. H.
Paul.
1934.
25ç'.
Boiler-1iVater Troubles and Treatments with Special Reference to Problems in
Western Oregon, by R. K. Summers. l93a. None available.
A Sanitary Survey of the Willamette River from Sehiwood Bridge to the Columbia,
by G. \V. Gleeson. 1936. 25.
Industrial and Domestic \Vastes of the \Villamette Valley, by G. \V. Gleeson and
F. Merryfield. 1936. 50.
An Investigation of Some Oregon Sands with a Statistical Study of the J'reclictivc
Values of Tests, by C. E. Thomas and S. H. Graf. 1937. 50g.
Preservative Treatments of Fence Posts. l93S Progress Report on the Post Farm,
by T. J. Starker. 1938. 25g. Yearly progress reports, 9-A, 9-B, 9.C, 9.D,
9-K, 9K, 1ML
No. tO.
No. 11.
No. 12.
No. 13.
No. 14.
15g.
Precipitation.Static Radio Interference Phenomena Originating on Aircraft, by
E. C. Starr, 1939. 75.
Electric Fence Controllers with Special Reference to Equipment Developed for
Measuring Their Characteristics, by F. A. Everest. 1939. 40g.
Mathematics of Alignment Chart Construction \Vitliout the Use of Determinants,
by J. R. Griffith. 1940. 25.
Oil.Tar Creosote for \Vood Preservation, by Glenn Voorhies. 1940. 25g.
Optitnuni Power and Economy Air.Fuel Ratic,o for Liquefied l'etroleutn Gases, by
\V. H. Paul atid M. l'opovich. 1941. 25c'.
Rating atid Care of I )noiestic Sawilui Burners, liv K. F. \Vitley. 1941. 25 .
The Improventent of Reversible Dry Kiln Fans, by A. I). Hughes. 1941. 25.
No. 15.
No. 16.
No. 17. An Inventory of Sawtuuill \Vaste in Oregon, by Glenn Voorluies. 1942. 25ç.
No. 18. The Use of the Fourier Series in the Solution of Beam Problems, by B. F. Ruffner.
1944.
50g.
No. 19.
1945 I'rogress Report ott Pollution of Oregon Streams, liv Fred Merryfield and
No. 20.
The Fishes of the \\'illameite River Systeoi in
No. 21.
\V. G. \Vihinot.
1945.
40g.
l)imick and Fred \l e rrvlielil.
545.
40 C.
hielatioti to
Pollution, by IF E.
The Use of the Fourier Series in the Solution of Beam-Column l'roblems, by
No. 22.
B. F. Ruffner. 1945. 25.
Industrial ant City \Vastes, by Fred Merryfield, \V. B. Bollen, and F. C. Kachtel
N'o. 23.
Ten.Year Mortar Strength Tei,is of Sonic Oregon Saints, by C. K. Thomas and
No. 24.
Space Heaiuuig by Electric Raitiant Panels and by Reverse-Cycle, by Louis SIegel.
No. 25.
The Banki \Vaier Turbine, by C.. \. Mockni ire and Fred Merrvhiehil. Feb 1949.
No. 26.
Ignition Temperatures if \arious Patiers, \Vooits, aint Fabrics. by S. H. Graf.
Mar 1949. (0g.
Cylinder Head Temperatures in Four Airplanes with Continental A-65 Engines, by
S. 11. Lowy. lulv 1549.
Dielectric I'rotierties of I )ougtas Fir at High Frequencies, Lv I. I. \Vittko1if and
H. I). Hacitonald. July 1949. 40g.
Dielectric Protie ri ins of I'on derosa I 'inn at 11 i ghi F rnituienci ns, In' I. I. \\ iii kopf anit
H. I). Macdonald. Sejuiember 1949. 40r.
Exhlatided Shale Aggregate iii Structural Concrete, lw 1). 1). Rilchuie and 5. 11.
Graf. Aug 1951. 6O.
Improvements in the Field Distillation of Peppermint Oil, by A. D. Hughes.
No. 27.
No. 28.
No. 29.
No. 30.
No. 31.
hoPer.
1947.
S. H. Graf.
194$.
40g.
1948.
25g.
SOC.
40g.
Atig 1952.
60.
No. 29.
No. 30.
No. 31,
No. 32.
No. 33.
No. 34.
No. 35.
No. 36.
No. 37.
I'roceediugs of the Eleventh Pacific Northwest Industrial Vaste Con{erence-1963,
Sept 1963. $1.00.
Proceedings of the 1964 Northwest Roads and Streets Conference, June 1064. $1.00.
Research Activities in the School of Engineering, by J. C. Knudsen, Sept. 1964.
35.
The Use of a Technical Library, by K. K. Vsaldrnn, Oct. Ut64. 356.
Proceedings of the 1964 Surveying and Mapping Conference, July 1965. 35.
Wood Residue Incineration in Tepee turners, by R. 'N. llouhel, July 1965. 356.
Research Activities iii the School of Engnieernig, 1964-66, by J. C. Knudsen,
November 1966. 75.
Industrial Engineering in Industry, 6y 'N. I'. l';iigesser Aug. 1967. 606.
Proceedings of the 1966 Nnrtlisvest Roads and Street C,,nferi'nce, Nov. 1967. $1.25.
Reprints-
No.
1.
Methods of Live Line Insulator Testnig and Results of Tests with Different
No.
2.
Some Anomalies of Siliceous Matter in Boiler Water Chemistry, by R. E.
Sumniers. Retirijiteil troni C,,nihiustioii. lan 103). 1Sf.
No.
3.
Asphalt Emulsion Treatment I'revents Radio Interference, by F. 0. McMihlan.
No.
4.
No.
5.
No.
Reprinted
from Eiectrical Engineering. Mar 1935. None available.
A Radio Interference Measuring Instrument, lw 1'. 1). Mcl\lillan and H. G. Baruett.
Reprinted from Electrical Engineering Aug. 1935. t0.
6.
Instruments, by F. 0. McMillan. Retiriiiteil from Proc IN \\ Elec Lt and Power
Assoc.
1927.
206.
Reprinted from Electrical \Vest. Jan 1935. None available.
Some Characteristics of A.0 Conductor Corona, by F. 0. McMillan.
\Vater.Gas Reaction Apparently Controls Engine Exhaust Gas Composition, by
C. 'iV. (ileeson and \V. 11. Paul. Retirnited from National Petroleum News.
Ccli 1936. None available.
Steam Generation by Burning \\'onih, ty K. F. Sunuuers. Retirinteil from Heating
and Ventilating. Atir 1916. 100.
No. S. The Piezo Electric Engine Indicator, by \V. 11. l'aul and K. R. Eldreilge. Reprinted
from Oregon State Technical Record. Nov 1935. bc'.
No. 9. Humidity arid Low Temperature, by \V. H. Martin and E. C. \Villey. Reprinted
from l'ower I'lant Engineering. Feb 1937. None available.
No. 10. Heat Transfer Efticieoey of Range Units, by \V. 3. \Vatsli. Reprinted from
Electrical Engineering. Aug 1937. None available.
No. 11. Design of Concrete Mixtures, by I. F. \Vaternian. Reprinted from Concrete. Nov
No.
7.
1037.
No. 12.
None available.
\Vater-\Vise Refrigeration, by \V. H . \Iartin and K. E. Sumniers. Reprinted from
Power. July t935.
100.
No. 13.
Polarity I .insits of the Stdere Gat, by F. 0. McMillan. Reprinted from ATEE
Transactions, Vol 5)). Mar 1939. tOO.
No. 14. Influence of Utensils (in Heat Transfer, by \V. C. Short. Itetirinted from Electrical
Engineering, Nov 1935. 100.
No. 15. ('nrrosinu and Self- Protection of Metals, be If. F.. Suni,ners. Reprinteil from
Industrial Power. Setlt and (jet 1935.
No, 16.
106.
\Ionocoiitie l"uselagc t.ireuhar Ring Aniitvsis, liv B.
Journal of thi c ,\ eronautical Sciences. Jaii 1931).
No. 17.
I",
106.
Ruffner. Ret,rinteil froiii
The Photoelastic Metlinil as in Aid in Stress Anitvsis aiid Structural 1)esign, by
It. I'. Riiftiiei. Ri-)rnitelh tri,oi .\eri, Dig est. Apr 9,19.
1)10.
No. 15. Inch VaIn,' ,,f 11,1-I ri,,, ti
Sei'ou,l.( ;rmi'thi I ),,ugha'. "ii', by l,ee CaIne. Relirintell
from The Tinibernian. l une 191') 100.
No. 1'). Stoicl000ictric ('alcolatioi,'. of Eslvoist (ias, liv C. Vi'. (0 yes,, n .'oi, I 1". \\'.
\\'ooihl)et,t, Jr. Rcteinie,t from Niti,iit l'etrotenni News. Nov 19,19. 106.
t,n. 20, 'lIe .\pthication nf l"ee,It,vk to \'i'i,hc-lIan,l 11W pin .\oi1,Iifi 'es , liv I". -N. Everest
an,l H. K. Joh,,isto,i. ReiruiteI frooi Proc of the Institute of Radio Engineers.
s.
I
Id,
941),
tIe.
No. 21,
Strescs l)ue to Sevoo,I:irv Bending. liv
No. 22,
1)40. lOf.
SNaIl lea! l.,,..
No, 23.
It. I". Riiti,,er. R,'t,rntc,I frooi Proc of
I"n't Noriln,e'.i t'Ii,'i,s-Iastic,tv ('oilteren,e, I Oivei's,tv ot \\'ash,i,igtoo. Ma,'
Baik ,,f R:,,h,,itors, l,v F. ('. \\',IIev. lfcii'nite,h fi'ooi Ilcatiog and
Ventilating. Nov 11)3)), 1)10.
SIi','s', ('oueentration t"a,-t,,rs io M,on Me,i,ticr, l)ne to \\','hleih Stiffeners, In'
NV. If. Cherry. Ret'rinte,h from
the \\'elding Journal, Reseirvhi Sutsi,temuent.
Icc 11)4 t ,
No, 24,
No. 25.
I
lIe.
Hori,ontat.Pot;ir.l';,tt,-m'm, 'l'raver for I)i,'ectionat ltroa,lcast Aotvo,i,,s, l,v F.
Everest amid \\' .!,.I'r ,t,'l,ett. Ri'printe,h fromii Proc of 'l'lie lostiti,t,- of lfa,hi,,
Eu gi neers. Ma,' 11)2. lOg.
Mo,lernMethinds of Mi,,,' K,nmi'Iuig, liv K. K. Mea,le. Reprinted fm'oni i'hie ('onit'iiss
of Sigma Gamma Epsilon. Jan 1942. lOf.
No. 26.
11 roaticast Antennas and Arrays. Calculation of liailiation tat terns; Imjiedan Ce
Relationships, liv 'Austin l'ritcheit. Retirinteil front (_iiiiiiminications. Aug and
No. 27.
Heat Losses Through \Vetteil Walls, by E. C. \Villey. Reprinted from ASHVE
Journal Section of 1-leating. Piping, and Air Conditioning. June 1946. t0.
Sept 1944
No. 29.
No. 29.
No. 30.
No. 31.
No. 32.
NOne avai able.
Electric Power in China, by F. 0. McMihlan. Reprinted from Electrical Engineering. Jan 1947. lOg.
Tlte Transient Energy Metlioil of Calctilatiitg Stability, by P.
Reprinted from Al FE Transactions, Vol 66. 1947. 106.
Observations on Arc 1)iscliarges at Low Pressures, by M.
front Journal 0f Aptilicil l'liysics. April 1949. tOg.
J.
C.
Magnttssott.
Kofoitl. Retirinteil
Long-Range Planning for Power Stiplily, by F. 0. McMillan. Re1irinteil from
Electrical Engineering. Dec 1949. 106.
Heat Transfer Coefficients in Beils of Moving Solids, by 0. Leveiisliiel and
S. Walton. Reprinted front Proc of the Heat Transfer and Flttiil Mechanics
-
No. $3.
Institute. 1949. log.
Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Ethane by Selective Oxidation, by J. I'. McCullough
wit J. S. \Valton. Reprinted from Industrial aitil Engineering ('heinistrv. July
10.
1949.
No. 34.
No. 35.
No. 36.
Diffusion Coefficients of Organic Liquids in Solution front Surface lension
Measurements, by K. C. Olson and J . S. \Vatton. Rehirinteil front I tidustrial
Engineering Chemistry. Mar 1951. 106.
Ttanietits in (Ottlileil lntlnctance.Catiacitance Circuits Atialyzeil in Terms of a
hiol liii g-B all Aoaltigiie. liv P. C. Magnu-son. lietiri ii ted front Vol (9, Al EE
Transactions. 1950. lOg.
Geometric Mean Distance of Angle.Shatied Conductors, by I'. C. Magnusson. Tie-
No. 37.
intel trout Vol 70, .Ahl1E Traisactoos. 1991. 106.
Energy--Choose It Wisely Today for Safety Toniorroiv, liv G. \\'. Gtccon. lie.
printed front ASI IV K Journal Section of Heating, l'ipiog, ansI Air Condition-
No. 38.
An Analysis of Conductor Vibration Field Data, by R. F. Steidel, Jr. and M. B.
gAng 1051.
No.30.
106.
Elton. Al EE conference taller presented at Pacific General Itleetiitg, l'ortlannl,
Oregon Aug 23, 1991. 10
]hic I looitilirevs ('onstaiii.Cooilirension Eogtoe. by 'A. H. haul tint! I. B. Httoiphireys. lieliruiteil from S A F; Quarterly Traosactioins. Atiril 1952.
106.
No. 40.
Gas-,Soliil Film Coefficients 0f Heat Transfer in Ftuiilizeil (oat Beils, by J . S.
\\'alton. K. L. Olson, and Octave Leveiis;iiel. Rejirinteil front Industrial and
No. 41.
Restaurant \entilation, by 'A. II. Martin. lirtironteil fri,oi 'Die Sanitarian, \'ol
Engineering (1iemistry. T une 1952.
lOg.
6. May-June 1052. 106.
Electroclieniistry in the l'acitie Northwest, by .1 oselili Schiulein. Retirinted from
Journal of tIne Electroclieninical Societe June 1053. 20g.
Mw Id St uilie. of Tattcrenl Inkts for Box Culverts, by Roy H. Shoemaker ant I
I .enl is' A. Clayton. lO-pri ntet I from Research Rd tort 15-It, Ihn gIl way liesea rch
14. No.
No. 42.
.
No. 43.
No. 44.
Itoaril, \\anliingtoo. It. C. 11(5.1. 206.
Bed-\\'atl Heat Transfer in Ftuiilized Systems, be 0. l.cveosi,icl and
No 4
Slitnnit
No. 46.
The Design and Effectiveness of an Underwater Diffusion l.ine for the Disposal
if Sloot Sultiloti- I .iqinor, by II. R.Annhierg initl .\. t Si rang. Reprinted front
No. 47.
t.00i;iare \onr Shetlittils with thos Survey, by _\rtltiit
\Vetitlierl,ce. lli-1trioteit froon \\c-,tern lnilustrv.
No. 48.
Sonic S treann Pollution I' roblerns and Abatement 1\Ieasni
No. 19.
Fabrication of a Zirconium-I .itteil Reaction Vessel, liv 0. G. Paaschie antI A.
Kill in. Reprtnted root 'l'lie Welili ng Journal. 1' eb 1954. 20f.
Heat Transfer Betscecit Immiscilile Liqtnids, by S. S. Grover and J. G. Knudsen.
Re1iciniteil toni Cheoiic;il Engineering, No. 17, Vol St. lOg.
How Oil Viscosity -\ffects l'istoni Ring Vicar, by H. I'ohiovichi anil I,. E. Johui.
son. liepruitccl front Automotive Iniltistries. January 1956. 106.
Internnittcnt Discharge of Spent Sulfite I.iituor, by Herman Ii. Amherg anil Robert
Elder. April 1956. 106.
Hvilratthica of Box Culverts syith Fish-I1aililer Baffle-, liv hot' H. Shoemaker, Jr.
Reprntcil from Proceedings of tlte II iithiw-av Research Board, Vol 35. 1956.
J.
S. \Vahton.
liclirinits fronti Heat lrantsler-Ren-narcli Stuilics. 1054. ttig.
mi
n I ree I r ui iii
ion lid
rk
hi I C St nrr ul I K
lit listed hoot b'n,wer .\plaraius
intl Svstinis. I lee 195.3. tOfi.
(.
i
P l't.
.1 lily 1054.
I
.
t06.
I..
0(1.
ti-i
liolierts
lOf.
auth
l.yle K.
Cs ('nil ertaken iii the lacittc Northwest, liv H. K. Annberg. Reprinited front TAI'l'I. Felt. 1955. tOf.
1
-
I
No. 50.
I
No. 51.
No. 52.
No. 53.
No 54.
A Numerical Solntion to Diniensioual Anal sic liv 0. t.evenopiel. N. F. \\'einstein,
3. C. R. I.
hi 511cm let 1 from
md tnotria I an it Engi nec ri rig Chemistry, Vol 48.
Feb l9a6. 25c.
Thermal (omitluctis-ity of l.iquiil-Liijuid Emulsions, tv
I-I. Wang and James Cl.
-
No. 55.
Kuuiloent. Reprinted front Industrial antI Ermgioi-i-viii
I
-
Clicoii ttry, Nov 1955. tOg.
No. 56.
Local Shell-Side Heat Transfer Coefficients in the Vicinity of Segmental Baffles in
Tubular Heat Exchangers, by M. S. Gurushankariah and J. .G. Knudsen. Reprinted from Heat Transfer-Chicago issue of AIChE Symposium Series. 1959.
No. 57.
llard-\Vater Scaling of Finned Tubes at Moderate Temperatures, by H. K.
McCluer and .J. G. Knudsen. Reprinted from Heat Transfer-Chicago issue of
AICIiE Symposium Series. 1959. l0.
l0.
No. 58.
Heat Transfer from Isothermal Flat Plates: An Extension of Pohlhausen's Solution to I_ow and High Prandtl Number Fluids, by F. 1). Fisher and J. C.
Knudsen. Reprinted from Chensical Engineering Progress Symposium Series
No. 29. 1959.
10.
No. 59.
Radio Interference Atlenuation on Energized High-Voltage Transmission Lines:
\t,oureni:-nt inil Application, by C. N. Stone, K. H. Gelirig, and R. S. Lens.
Reprinted from Power Apparatus Systems. Dec 1959. 10g.
No. 60. EHV Single and Twin Bundle Conductors-Intluence of Conductor Diameter and
Strand Diameter on Ra,lio Intluence Voltage and Corona Initiation Voltage,
by I.. N. Stone. Retirinteil from l'osver Aliparatus and Systems. Dec 1959. 10g.
No. 61. Local Shell-Side Heat Transfer Coefficients and Pressure Drop in a Tubular Heat
Exchanger with Orifice Baffles, by K. S. Lee and J. G. Knudsen. Reprinted
from AIChE Journal. Dec 1960. 10g.
N0. 62.
No. 63.
No. (:4.
Rates of Heat Transfer from Short Sections of an Isothermal Pipe, by A. A.
Faruqui and J. G. Knudsen. Retirinted from Heat Transfer-Buffalo issue of
AIChE Syniliosium Series. Mar 1961. 10c.
Drag Coefficients at Loss- Reynolds Numbers for Flosv Past Immersed Ilodies, by
A. M. Jones and J. C. Knudsen. Reprinted from AIChE Journal, Mar 1961. 100.
Persulfate Oxidizable Carbon and BOD as a Measure of Organic Pollution in Water,
by C. M. Gilinour, F. Merryfield, F. J. Burgess, L. Purkerson, and J. K. Carsorell. Reprinteil from Proc of 15th Purdue Industrial \°aste Conf, May
1961. lOg.
No. 65.
Evaluation Criteria for Deeti Trickling Filters, by F. J. Burgess, F. Merryfield,
J. K. Carsis-ell, and CM. Gilmour. Reprinteil from Journ Water Pollution Con-
No. 66.
Effect of Negative Corona Upon Formation of Positive Corona, by C. A. Pearson.
No. 67.
No. 68.
Design of the ESIAC Algebraic Computer, by J. C. Looney and M. L. Morgan.
Reprinted from IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers, Sept 1961. 100.
Tliernial Stresses in an Idealized Wing Structure, by Mark Levinson. Reprinted
No. 69.
The ESIAC Potential.Plane Analog Computer, hiy J. C. Looney. Reprinted from
No. 70.
Wood Waste Incineration, by M. Poliovichi, H. Nortlicraft, R. W. Bouhel, and
C. E. Tliornhurgh. Reprinted from Tech Reis irt A6 1-3. Robert A. Taft Sanitary
Engr Center, Public Health Service, U. S. Dept of Health, E,lucation, and
No. 71.
The Role of Current Distribution in (athoihir Protection, by R. E. Meredith. Re-
No. 72.
Local Rates of I-teat Transfer aiid Pressure l.00ses in the Vicinity of Annular
trol Federation, Aug 1961. 106.
Reprinted fryni l'osver Apparatus & Systems, I )ec 1961.
trom Journ of Aerospace Sciences, 1961. 106.
Auti,inatic Control, May 1961. 10
\Veltare, 1961. 100.
tirinte,l from
No. 7.3.
No. 74.
No. 75.
Materials Protection, Feb 1963. 106.
Orifices, by P. S. Wi I ham s :uiil J - G. Knnileen. Reliri nte,l from The Canadian
Journal of Chemical Engineering, April 1963. tOO.
Convection 0-lea> Transfer From 'l'ransve roe Ii nne:l 'I'ubcs, by K. B. Pan amid J. C.
Knu,lseii. Reprinted from Chieniical Enginee riii p I 'rogress, July 1963. lOg.
Myoelectric Surface Potentials for Machine Control, by K. K. Michael and F. K.
rawforil. Kel>rnnte,l froni Electrical Engiiiecriiig, Nov 1963. 1O.
Variable \Vimltli lube Generation Usiiig Avalanche Transistors, by \\. C. Hagnu000. Reliriiti-,h frnni I FEE Transactions, Sept 1063. 106.
No. 76.
Evaluating die Effective Resistances of Diaphragms or Electrolytic Separators, by
K. E. Mereilmili an,l C. \\. Tol,ias. Rehininied from Journal of the Electrochern-
No. 77.
(hide.
Ni>. 75.
the Air l9ihh,itj,,n Coni rob .Ass,,ci:,iioi>, _1 un 19(5. 100.
Sonic I )eiection ,,f I nic-rn:ih Ui-cay in \\no,l l',,les, liv I.. C_Jensen. Reprinted froni
ieol Si:ciety, Dec 1)63. 106.
if Niirog,-i' an,! l.'nbiirned II v,hrocarlsois l'riclucc-,I during Controlheih
Coinhiimstion, by H. \V. htoiiln_-h soil I__A. Ri pjier inn. Reprinieil froni Journal of
tile S,-coii,l Sv:nposiusi in tile Non-l)i-'truciise 'li-sting of \\'ood. \'asliington
Si:,ic ('ii ye rsit 1)65. tOe.
l'rcssu-ce-Voluoii- (hara,-teristic, of l'hastic Bags, iv K. Vi. Itouhel. Reprinted from
.Amiiericaii lniluotrial Hygiene Association Journal, .\tay-Jtnie 1965. lOf.
l,lcmitihc:,ii,,n of l.,,sv-Fhoiv .-\in'nieniatir,n Rejuircmocnts for Water juality Control
l,y Cniii1iut,-r leelniii1ncs, by J l_. \'>orh,-v, 's\. V,. 'lowne, an,l F. J. Burgess.
lfci,rniteil frnm,i Journal ot the \\iiier l'uIliltic,n Control Fe,lvrati,nn, May 1965.
.
No. 79.
Ni,. SO.
106.
No. 81.
No. 82.
No. 53.
iernl,eratures in Rivers soil Reservoirs, hiy W. H. Delay and John
Sea,hers. Feh. 1966 106.
V,'ater-\V:,ter Kvcry,vlicre, by I". 5. hturgcss. N,,v. 1966. 100.
.A High-Temperature Soli,l State Battery. by I). I'. (lark ,n,l K. E. Mere,lithi.
Reprinted from Electrochemical Tmschniology. Sept.-Oct. 1967. 106.
l'rechictnig
Oregon State University
CORVALLIS
RESIDENT INSTRUCTION
Undergraduate Liberal Arts and Sciences
School of Humanities and Social Sciences (B.A., B.S. degrees)
School of Science (B.A., B.S. degrees)
Undergraduate Professional Schools
School of Agriculture (B.S., B.Agr. degrees)
School of Business and Technology (B.A., B.S. degrees)
School of Education (B.A., B.S. degrees)
School of Engineering (B.A., B.S. degrees)
School of Forestry (B.S., B.F. degrees)
School of Home Economics (B.A., B.S. degrees)
School of Pharmacy (B.A., B.S. degrees)
Graduate School Fields of Study
Biological and Physical Sciences (M.A., M.S., Ph.D. degrees)
Agriculture (MS., M.Agr., Ph.D. degrees)
Education (M.A., M.S., Ed.M., Ed.D., Ph.D. degrees)
Engineering (M.A., M.S., M.Bioeng., M.Eng., M.Mat.Sc., A.E., Ch.E., C.E., E.E.,
I.E., M.E., MetE., MinE., Ph.D. degrees)
Forestry (M.S., M.F., Ph.D. degrees)
Home Economics (M.A., M.S., M.H.Ec., Ph.D. degrees)
Pharmacy (M.A., M.S., M.Pharm., Ph.D. degrees)
Summer Sessions
Short Courses, Institutes, Workshops
RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION
General Research (established 1932)
Agricultural Experiment Station (established 1888)
Agricultural Research Division
Forest Research Division
Branch Stations at Astoria, Aurora, Burns, Hermiston, Hood River and The Dalles,
Kiamath Falls, Medforcl, Moro, Ontario, Oregon city, Pendleton, Redmond, and Union.
Engineering Experiment Station (established 1927)
Science Research Institute (established 1952)
Transportation Research Institute (established 1960)
Water Resources Institute (established 1960)
Radiation Center (established 1964)
EXTENSION
Federal Cooperative Extension (Agriculture and Home Economics)
Division of Continuing Education, State System of Higher Education