NRC vs OSHA
Who’s in charge?
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History
• Atomic Energy Commission
– Established WW II
– Transferred to civilian control 1946/7
– Atomic Energy Act Amendment 1954
• Nuclear Regulatory Commission
– Energy Reorganization Act 1974
– Opened 1975
– Energy Reorganization Act 1974
• Department of Energy
Between the Cracks
Chapters of RAD-010
• 1-Occupational Radiation
Protection
• 2-Generic Rad Protection
Controls
• 3-Gamma Radiography
• 4-X-Radiography
• 5-Shore RADIAC Repair
• 6-RAM Removal Programs
• 7-Radioactive Commodities
• 8-Broad Scope Permits
• 9-Other Machines
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Electron Accelerators
E-Beam Welders (mt)
Klystron & CRTs (mt)
Analytical X-Ray Equip
• 10-Source Material
• 11-SNM
• 12-Other
Between the Cracks
• 56Co
• 210Pb
www.deqtech/SpectrumTechnologies
www.pasco.com
By-Product Material
• Material made radioactive incident to or
yielded in the process of producing or utilizing
special nuclear material
• Wastes or tailings produced during extraction
of uranium or thorium from any ore that is
being processes primarily for its source
material content.
Z Backscatter Van
American Science and Engineering
http://www.as-e.com/american_science_and_engineering/index.asp
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Energy Policy Act of 2005
• General Provisions
– “Innovative technologies” to reduce greenhouse
– Increased ethanol content of gasoline
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Tax Reductions to energy-related companies
Change to daylight savings time
Commercial building deduction energy systems
Energy Management
– Lowered lighting standards
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Adds new regulations for
– Accelerator Produced Radioactive Material
– Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material
Uses of Accelerators
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Television
Medical Therapy
Research & Materials Analysis
Non-Invasive Security Assessment
Radionuclide Production
High-Energy and Nuclear Physics Studies
Special Purpose Accelerators
CATEGORY OF ACCELERATOR
NUMBER IN USE
High Energy (>1 GeV)
~120
Synchrotron Radiation Sources
>100
Medical Isotope Production
~200
Radiotherapy
>7500
Research, including biomedical
~1000
Industrial Processing & Research
~1500
Ion Implanters, Surface Modification
>7500
TOTAL
>17,500
Accelerator Hazards
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Electrical Hazards
Control of Hazardous Energy (lockout/tagout)
Egress and Fire Protection
Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres & Confined Spaces
Lasers
Ionizing Radiation
Non-Ionizing Radiation Hazards
Jurisdiction
• OSHA
– Misc Occ Safety & Health issues related to operation
– Incidental RAM
– Employee exposure: x-ray equipment, electron
microscopes, accelerators
– OS&H not regulated by other Fed agencies
• NRC
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Licensing nuclear facilities
Hazards in those facilities
Conditions in those facilities
“By-product material”
• DOE
NRC Accelerator Types
• Accelerators operated intentionally to produce
radioactive material
• Accelerators that are operated to produce
particle beams
• Accelerators operated to produce both
EPAct2005: NRC
does not regulate “incidental RAM”
does not regulate possession or operation of particle accelerators
References
• Energy Policy Act of 2005
• Federal Register Oct 1 2007
– http://nrc-stp.ornl.gov/narmtoolbox/finalnarmrule.pdf
• OSHA SHIB 07-31-2009
– http://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib073109.pdf
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