TABLE OF CONTENTS Personnel vii Publications and Reports xii Introduction xix I. Physical Electronics Physical Electronics in the Solid State Characteristics of Semiconductor Junctions II. 1 1 Electron Emission and Cesium Plasma 2 Thermionic Energy Converters 2 Plasma Dynamics Plasma Physics 12 12 Magneto-ambipolar Plasmas 13 Synchrotron Radiation Loss from a Hot Plasma 15 Cesium Plasma 20 Heat Transport in Plasmas 21 Plasma Electronics 26 Electron-Beam Stimulated Plasma Oscillation 27 Propagation between Parallel Plates Filled with a Gyroelectric Medium Transverse to the Static Magnetic Field 35 Propagation in Plasma Waveguides 39 Covariant Formulation for Wave Motions in a Plasma 41 Plasma Magnetohydrodynamics and Energy Conversion III. 1 Solid State Physics 59 60 A Simple Transistor -Operated Oven- Temperature Regulator 61 Soft X-ray Detection by Means of Be-Cu Photomultipliers 62 Elastic Constants of Cadmium Single Crystals 65 Recombination of Electrons and Donors in Germanium 66 IV. Low Temperature Physics 71 V. Thermoelectric Processes and Materials 72 Mercury Telluride Evaluation 73 Thermoelectric Temperature Control of Electronic Components 73 Transport of Contact Materials in Bismuth Telluride 74 Thermal Conductivity Studies 75 CONTENTS VI. VII. Microwave Spectroscopy 79 Spin-Lattice Relaxation 81 Maser Circuits with Negative L and C 83 A Secondary Standard for Electron ParamagneticResonance Experiments 88 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Hyperfine Structure 89 Atomic-Beam Absorption Cell 90 Mechanical Improvements in a High-Power Microwave Attenuator 201 Hyperfine Structure of Hg in Zero Field 90 3 P 1 State of Mercury Microwave Electronics 91 92 93 Broadband-Buncher Klystron 93 Space-Charge Mode Theory of Multicavity Klystrons 98 The X-line Slow-Wave Structure IX. 89 Isotope Shift in the Spectrum of Cesium Hyperfine Structure of the VIII. 79 Ruby Frequency Standard Atomic Beams Doppler-Cancellation Technique for Determining the Altitude Dependence of Gravitational Red Shift in an Earth Satellite 104 108 108 X. Stroboscopic Research 112 XI. Modulation Theory and Systems 113 Signal-to-Noise Ratios in a Limiter with Feedforward XII. XIII. Statistical Communication Theory 113 116 Characterization of Random Signals with an Application to Nonstationary Linear Systems 117 Gravitational Fields 125 Realizability of Nonlinear Filters and Feedback Systems 137 Process Analysis and Synthesis 144 CONTENTS XIV. Processing and Transmission of Information Noisy Feedback Coding Encoding and Error-Correction Procedures for the Bose-Chaudhuri Codes Receivers for Noisy Dispersive Channels Maximal Power Gain in a Diodeless Magnetic Pulse Amplifier with the Use of Multiple-Aperture Cores Unilateral Iterative Networks with Memory XV. XVI. XIX. XX. XXI. 149 150 151 152 154 A Mechanical Hand 156 Artificial Intelligence 158 The LISP Programming System 158 The Advice Taker 159 Theory of Computation 159 Chess 160 Integration 161 Statistical Thermodynamics Physical Acoustics Scattering of Sound by Sound XVIII. 147 Extraction of Information for a Pair of Periodically Varying Random Waveforms The Geometrical Interpretation of the Thermostatic Stability Conditions XVII. 146 Speech Communication 162 162 167 167 172 Formant Bandwidth and Vowel Preference High-Speed Motion-Picture Study of the Movement of the Lips 172 Signal Detection by Human Observers The Detection of a Pulsed Sinusoid of Uncertain Frequency 181 Mechanical Translation 183 174 181 The German Noun Phrase 183 The Ergative Relation in Hidatsa 184 Communications Biophysics Firing Patterns of Single Cells in the Auditory Cortex 187 189 CONTENTS XXII. XXIII. XXIV. Neurophysiology On Parallel Computation 194 Structure of Water in Biological Tissue 195 Circuit Theory XXVI. 198 Inert Transformations and Network Constraints 198 Low-Order Frequency Multipliers 203 Noise in Electron Devices Measurement of Absolute Noise Performance of Parametric Amplifiers XXV. 193 Network Synthesis 205 205 213 On the Analysis and Synthesis of Single-Element-Kind Networks 213 The Normal-Coordinate Transformation of a Linear System with an Arbitrary Loss Function 235 Matrix Synthesis of Two-Element-Kind Driving-Point Impedances 245 Linguistics 255