TABLE OF CONTENTS
MECHANICAL:
15010
15050
15075
15135
15250
15855
15891
15898
15910
15990
BASIC MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS
BASIC MECHANICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS
MECHANICAL IDENTIFICATION
METERS AND GAGES
MECHANICAL INSULATION
DIFFUSERS, REGISTERS, AND GRILLES
METAL DUCTWORK
AIR PURIFICATION SYSTEM
DUCT ACCESSORIES
TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING
ELECTRICAL:
16010
16050
16060
16072
16075
16120
16130
16140
BASIC ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS
BASIC ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS
GROUNDING AND BONDING FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
HANGERS AND SUPPORTS FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
IDENTIFICATION FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL POWER CONDUCTORS AND CABLES
RACEWAY AND BOXES FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
WIRING DEVICES
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SECTION 15010 - BASIC MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and Special Conditions and other
Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.02
SUMMARY
A. General: Mechanical systems, equipment, devices and accessories shall be installed, finished, tested
and adjusted for continuous and proper operation. Any apparatus, material or device not shown on the
Drawings but mentioned in these Specifications, or vice versa, or any incidental accessories necessary
to make the project complete and operational in all respects, shall be furnished, delivered and installed
without additional expense to the Owner. Include all materials, equipment, supervision, operation,
methods and labor for the fabrication, installation, start-up and tests necessary for complete and
properly functioning systems.
1.03
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Code Compliance: Comply with all rules, laws, statutes, regulations, building codes, and the
amendments of local, state and federal governments by the authorities having jurisdiction.
B. ADA: Comply with the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
C. HANDICAP ACCESS: Comply with Chapter 553, Part V, Florida Statutes, "ACCESSIBILITY BY
HANDICAP PERSONS"; and the accessibility requirements manual from the Florida Board of
Building Codes and Standards, Department of Community Affairs, latest Revisions.
D. NFPA: Comply with the National Fire Codes compiled by the National Fire Protection Association.
E. Standard Building Code: Conform in strict compliance to the Southern Building Code Congress
International, Inc. (SBCCI), Florida Building Code, Latest Edition; Florida Mechanical Code, Latest
Edition; Florida Plumbing Code, Latest Edition; Florida Gas Code, Latest Edition; and the amendments
to these codes which are enforced by the local authority having lawful jurisdiction.
1.04
DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS
A. Equipment Placement: The drawings are diagrammatic, intended to show general arrangement,
capacity and location of various components, equipment and devices. Reasonable changes in locations
ordered by the Designer prior to the installation shall be made at no additional cost to the Owner.
B. Drawing Scale: Due to the small scale of the drawings, and to unforeseen job conditions, all required
offsets, transitions and fittings may not be shown but shall be provided at no additional cost.
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1.05
DEFINITIONS
A. Provide/Install: The word "provide" shall mean to furnish and install, connect, test, and leave ready for
operation. The word "install" where used in conjunction with equipment furnished by the Owner or
under another contract shall mean mount, connect, complete, and leave ready for operation.
B. Concealed: When standing inside a finished room, insulated or non-insulated piping or ductwork not
visible after installation, such as inside a chase or above a ceiling.
C. Exposed: When standing inside a finished room, insulated or non-insulated piping or ductwork is
visible after installation, such as inside an equipment room or an air handling unit room or any room
that may not have a ceiling.
D. Protected: The surface of insulated or non-insulated piping or ductwork on the exterior of the building
but protected from direct exposure to the weather by an overhang, eave, in an unconditioned parking
garage or building crawl space.
E. Unprotected: The surface of insulated or non-insulated piping or ductwork on the exterior of the
building and exposed to the weather.
F.
1.06
Abbreviations: Abbreviations, where not defined in the Contract Documents, shall be interpreted to
mean the normal construction industry terminology, as determined by the Designer. Plural words shall
be interpreted as singular and singular words shall be interpreted as plural where applicable.
SUBMITTALS
A. General: General Conditions of the Contract for Construction, Shop Drawings, Product Data, and
Samples, and the provisions of this section apply to this Section.Time: Refer to General Conditions of
the Contract for Construction for Shop Drawings, Product Data, and Samples.
B. Submitter's Review: Refer to General Conditions of the Contract for Construction for Shop Drawings,
Product Data, and Samples. All items required for each section shall be reviewed before fabrication and
ordering of such item. Submittal information for each item shall bear a review stamp, indicating the
name of the Contractor and Subcontractor (where applicable), the material suppliers, the initials of
submitter and review date checked. Responsibility for errors or omissions and inaccurate and
uncoordinated electrical requirements in submittals shall not be relieved by the Designer's review and
approval of submittals. Responsibility for submittals cannot be subrogated to material suppliers by
Contractors or Subcontractors.
1.
Review of the submittal data, whether indicated with "APPROVED" or with review comments,
does not constitute authorization for or acceptance of a change in the contract price.
C. Designer's Review: Refer to General Conditions of the Contract for Construction. Copies of the
submittal data will be returned with appropriate identification.
D. Submittal Items: Refer to General Conditions of the Contract for Construction. Insert submittal items
in a Technical Information Brochure Binder. Mark the appropriate specification section or drawing
reference number in the right hand corner of each item. All typewritten pages shall be on the product
or equipment manufacturer's letterhead.
1.
Shop Drawings: Shop drawings include piping system layouts, ductwork layouts, fabrication and
installation drawings of supports and anchorage for mechanical materials and equipment, and
coordination drawings. All shop drawings shall be drawn at a minimum scale of ¼ inch per foot
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and all ductwork equipment and piping shall be shown double line. Shop drawings also include
proposed equipment room layouts and equipment above ceiling layouts, drawn to scale, indicating
that proposed equipment will fit into allotted space, including service access, code required
clearance, connections, etc.
a.
Piping Systems: Submit shop drawings for piping systems drawn at a minimum scale of ¼
inch per foot and double line on reproducible transparencies to verify clearances and
equipment locations. Show required maintenance and operational clearances.
1) Include Architectural and structural backgrounds with room names and numbers, etc.,
including but not limited to plans, sections, elevations, details, etc.
2) Include fabrication and erection dimensions.
3) Include arrangements and sectional views.
4) Include all necessary details, including complete information for making connections to
equipment.
5) Include descriptive names of equipment.
6) Include modifications and options to standard equipment required by Contract
Documents.
7) In existing structures, include all existing conflicting elements.
b.
Ductwork: Submit shop drawings for duct systems at a minimum scale of ¼ inch per foot and
double line on reproducible transparencies to verify clearances and equipment locations. Show
required maintenance and operational clearances. Identify Shop Drawings by project name
and include names of the Designer, Contractors, Subcontractors and supplier, date in Shop
Drawing title block. Number drawings sequentially.
1) Include Architectural and structural backgrounds with room names and numbers, etc.,
including but not limited to plans, sections, elevations, details, etc.
2) Include fabrication and erection dimensions and duct elevations.
3) Include arrangements and sectional views.
4) Include all necessary details, including complete information for making connections to
equipment.
5) Include materials and finishes.
6) Include descriptive names of equipment.
7) Include modifications and options to standard equipment required by Contract
Documents.
8) In existing structures, include all existing conflicting elements.
9) Fire rated wall and floor penetrations.
10) Reflected ceiling plans.
c.
2.
3.
4.
Coordination Drawings: Coordination drawings include detailed (minimum ¼ inch per foot
and double line) scaled drawings showing locations and positions of all Architectural, Fire
Protection, structural, electrical and mechanical elements for each mechanical equipment
room and mechanical riser or chase.
Product Data: Product data includes the manufacturer's printed literature. Literature shall be
clearly marked to indicate the item intended for use.
Performance Data: Provide performance data, wiring and control diagrams.
Installation Instructions: Installation instructions include detailed information, from the manufacturer,
indicating specific installation requirements, instructions, and recommendations. Generic installation
instructions are not acceptable. Instructions shall be the same as those included with the product when it
is shipped from the factory. Written Operating Instructions: Operating instructions shall be the
manufacturer's written operating instructions for the specified product. If the instructions cover more
than one model or type of product they shall be clearly marked to identify the instructions that cover the
product delivered to the project.
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5.
Maintenance Instructions: Maintenance instructions shall be the manufacturer's printed
instructions and parts lists for the equipment furnished. If the instructions cover more than one
model or type of equipment they shall be marked to identify the instructions for the furnished
product.
E. Substitutions:
1.
F.
General: Refer to General Conditions of the Contract for Construction.
Technical Information Binder:
1.
2.
Binder: Provide correct designation on outside cover and on spine of each binder. Refer to
General Conditions of the Contract for Construction for Shop Drawings, Product Data, and
Samples.
Number: Submit not less than ten sets. Each set shall consist of a minimum of two binders for
submittal, 1 binder each for operating instructions, and 1 binder for maintenance instructions.
Additional binders shall be submitted at the request of the Designer. Two sets of binders shall be
retained by the Designer. Six sets of binders shall be maintained for the Owner.
G. Index: The first sheet in each brochure shall be the specification table of contents. The second page
shall be a list of project addresses.
H. Provide reinforced separation sheets tabbed with the appropriate specification reference number.
1.07
MANUFACTURER'S EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS STARTUP AND PERFORMANCE CHECKOUT
A. General: At the completion of installation, a factory trained representative of the equipment
manufacturer shall provide start-up and checkout services (where applicable). The manufacturer's
representative shall examine performance information and check the equipment in operation, and sign
"Check-Out Memo". Submit a copy of the Memo for each item of equipment where indicated in
individual sections of these specifications. Include a copy of the Memo in each Technical Information
Brochure Binder. The "Check-Out Memo" shall be included with the performance verification data.
Do not request "Instruction in Operation Conference" or request final inspection until Memos have
been submitted and are acceptable to the Designer.
1.08
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE OWNER
A. General: Instructions to the Owner shall be accomplished by competent representatives of the
manufacturers involved. Allow time for complete coverage of all operating procedures. Provide
classroom instruction and field training in the design, operation and maintenance of the equipment and
troubleshooting procedures. Explain the identification system, operational diagrams, emergency and
alarm provisions, sequencing requirements, seasonal provisions, security, safety, efficiency and similar
provisions of the systems. On the date of substantial completion, turn over the prime responsibility for
operation of the mechanical equipment and systems to the Owner's operating personnel.
B. Training Period: Training period shall encompass a minimum of 8 hours of classroom and 8 hours of
hands-on instructions with a maximum period of 4 hours per day.
C. Scheduling: Submit complete Test and Balance Report and any remaining required items for checking
at least one week before final inspection of the work. When submittal items are found acceptable,
notify the Owner, in writing, that an "Instruction Conference" may proceed. Conference will be
scheduled by the Owner. After the conference, copies of a memo certifying that the "Instruction
Conference" and "Completed Demonstration" have been made will be signed by the Owner and the
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instructors, and one copy will be inserted in each submittal binder Technical Information Brochure
Binder.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01
MANUFACTURERS
A. Specified Products: Manufacturer's names and product model numbers indicated on the drawings and
in these specifications establish the type, style, quality, performance, and sound rating of the desired
product. Listing of other manufacturers indicates that their equivalent products would be acceptable if
they meet the specification requirements, the specific use and installation shown on the drawings,
including space and clearance requirements, and the energy consumption and efficiency of the specified
product. The listing of additional manufacturers in no way indicates that the manufacturer can provide
an acceptable product.
B. Space Requirements: All manufactured products furnished on this project must be installed with the
required space and service areas indicated in the manufacturer's printed literature and in accordance
with all codes. When the manufacturer does not indicate the space required for servicing the
equipment, the space shown on the drawings or as required by the Designer must be provided.
2.02
MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT
A. General: Material and equipment used shall be produced by manufacturers regularly engaged in the
production of similar items, and with a history of satisfactory use as judged by the Designer.
B. Specified Equipment: Equipment shall be the capacity and types indicated or shall be equivalent in the
opinion of the Designer. Material and equipment furnished and installed shall be new, recently
manufactured, of standard first grade quality and designed for the specific purpose. Equipment and
material furnished shall be the manufacturer's standard item of production unless specified or required
to be modified to suit job conditions. Sizes, material, finish, dimensions and the capacities for the
specified application shall be published in catalogs for national distribution. Ratings and capacities
shall be certified by a recognized rating bureau. Products shall be complete with accessories, trim,
finish, safety guards and other devices and details needed for a complete installation and for the
intended use and effect. Electrical requirements shall be coordinated with electrical plans and
specifications and Division 16 - Electrical Contractor.
C. Compatibility: Material and equipment of one and the same kind, type or classification and used for
identical or similar purposes shall be made by the same manufacturer. Where more than one choice is
available, select the options which are compatible with other products already selected. Compatibility
is a basic general requirement of product selection and must be approved by engineer
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01
WORKMANSHIP
A. General: The installation of materials and equipment shall be done in a neat, workmanlike and timely
manner by an adequate number of craftsmen knowledgeable of the requirements of the Contract
Documents. They shall be skilled in the methods and craftsmanship needed to produce a first-quality
installation. Personnel who install materials and equipment shall be qualified by training and
experience to perform their assigned tasks.
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B. Acceptable Workmanship: Acceptable workmanship is characterized by first-quality appearance and
function which conforms to applicable standards of building system construction and exhibits a degree
of quality and proficiency which is judged by the Designer as equivalent or better than that ordinarily
produced by qualified industry tradesmen.
C. Performance: Personnel shall not be used in the performance of the installation of material and
equipment who, in the opinion of the Designer, are deemed to be careless or unqualified to perform the
assigned tasks. Material and equipment installations not in compliance with the Contract Documents,
or installed with substandard workmanship in the opinion of the Designer, shall be removed and
reinstalled by qualified craftsmen at no change in the contract price.
3.02
CLEANING AND PROTECTION
A. General: Refer to Division 1 and other sections of this Division.
B. Emergency Contacts: Along with the operating and maintenance manual submittal, provide the Owner
with a list of the names and emergency telephone and beeper numbers of individuals who can be
contacted during working and non-working hours, including weekends, for assistance throughout the
warranty period should leaks, equipment failure or other damage occur. Update the list throughout
warranty to provide continuous availability of responsible parties to the Owner. If the Owner cannot
contact the responsible party during an emergency situation, the Owner may affect emergency repairs
through other means and may back charge for the costs of repair material and labor incurred.
C. Housekeeping: Keep interiors of duct and pipe systems clean and free from dirt, rubbish and foreign
matter. Close open ends of piping and ductwork at all times throughout the installation. Install 30%
efficient filter media over each return air grille and open return duct opening; change media regularly
during construction when dirty to keep duct interiors clean. Prevent dust, debris and foreign material
from entering the piping and ductwork.
D. Equipment Protection: Protect fan motors, switches, equipment, fixtures, and other items from dirt,
rubbish and foreign matter. Do not operate air handling equipment if the building is not clean or if dust
can enter the coils or the fan housings.
E. Equipment Cleaning: Thoroughly clean equipment and entire piping systems internally upon
completion of installation and immediately prior to final acceptance. Open dirt pockets and strainers,
blow down each piping system and all new and existing clean strainer screens of accumulated debris
after new piping installation is complete. Remove accumulated dirt, scale, oil and foreign substances.
Thoroughly wipe clean internal surfaces of ductwork and air handling units prior to request for
substantial completion.
F.
Building Cleanup: Remove debris, rubbish, leftover materials, tools and equipment from work areas
and site. Clean tunnels and closed off spaces of packing boxes, wood frame members and other waste
materials used in the installation. Final acceptance shall not be approved until site is cleaned.
G. Fixture Cleanup: Remove temporary labels, stickers, etc., from fixtures and equipment. Do not
remove permanent name plates, equipment model numbers, ratings, etc.
H.
Filter Replacement: Provide filters, with the same efficiency rating as required for the final
installation, for the protection of the air moving equipment and ductwork continuously throughout the
construction phase. Provide a new set of clean filters for the test and balance of the air side equipment.
I.
Protection of Finished Installation: Where installation is required in areas previously finished by other
trades, protect the area from marring, soiling or other damage.
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3.03
CORRECTION OF WORK
A. General: At no additional cost to the Owner, rectify discrepancies between the actual installation and
contract documents when in the opinion of the Testing and Balancing Agency (T&B Agency) or the
Designer the discrepancies will affect system balance and performance.
B. Drive Changes: Include the cost of all pulley, belt, and drive changes, as well as balancing dampers,
valves and fittings, and access panels to achieve proper system balance recommended by the T&B
Agency.
3.04
COORDINATION AND ASSISTANCE
A. General: Provide all labor, equipment, tools and material required to operate the equipment and
systems necessary for the testing and balancing of the systems and for the adjustment, calibration or
repair of all automated control devices and components. These services shall be available on each
working day during the period of final testing and balancing.
B. Drawings and Specifications: Provide to the T&B Agency a complete set of project record drawings
and specifications and an approved copy of all HVAC shop drawings and equipment submittals. The
T&B Agency shall be informed of all changes made to the system during construction, including
applicable change orders.
C. Coordination: Coordinate the work of all trades and equipment suppliers to complete the modifications
recommended by the T&B Agency and accepted by the Designer. Cut or drill holes for the insertion of
air measuring devices as directed for test purposes; repair to as-new condition, inserting plastic caps or
covers to prevent air leakage. Repair or replace insulation and re-establish the integrity of the vapor
retardant.
3.05
PREPARATIONS FOR PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION TEST AND BALANCE
A. Verification: Prior to commencement of the balancing by the T&B Agency, verify in writing:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
That air filters have been replaced and are in clean condition.
That linkages between dampers and their actuators are secure, non-overloading and non-binding.
That ductwork specialties are in their normal operating positions.
That fans are operating at the correct rotation and specified RPM.
That ductwork has been pressure tested and accepted where applicable.
That all new and existing strainers have been removed, cleaned and replaced, and that temporary
construction strainers have been removed.
That all existing compression or expansion tanks have been inspected, are not air-bound or waterlogged and are pre-charged, and that the piping systems have been completely vented and filled
with water.
That all new and existing air vents at coils and high points of the piping systems have been
inspected and installed and operating freely.
That automatic valves, hand valves, and balancing valves have been placed in a fixed open
position for full flow through all devices.
That linkages between valves and their actuators are secure, non-overloading and non-binding.
That operating temperatures have been set for existing chillers, regulating valves, etc.
That all existing pumps are operating at the correct rotation and specified horsepower.
That piping has been pressure tested and accepted and piping systems have been cleaned, flushed,
sterilized and refilled with chemicals and prescribed treated water and vented.
That the operating safeties (firestat/freezestats, smoke detectors, relief valves, etc.), are installed
and fully functional.
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15. That equipment has been lubricated and can be operated without damage.
16. That the systems are operational and complete.
17. That no latent residual work remains to be completed.
3.06
PROTECTION OF MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
A. Requirements: Do not store fiberglass insulation or any equipment within the building until it has been
"dried in". If dry space is unavailable and the insulation and equipment must be installed or stored
before the building is "dried in" and completely enclosed, provide polyethylene film cover for
protection.
B. Replacement of Damaged Stored Material and Equipment: Any material and equipment that has been
wet or otherwise damaged prior to installation, in the opinion of the Designer, shall be replaced with
new material regardless of the condition of the material and equipment at the time of installation.
C. Repair of Damaged Installed Material and Equipment: After installation correct or repair dents,
scratches and other visible blemishes. At the direction of Designer replace or repair to "as new"
condition equipment which has been damaged during construction.
3.07
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
A. General: Should hazardous material be encountered during execution of the work, or should the
presence of hazardous material be suspected, immediately notify the Owner and suspend work in the
affected area. The Owner will initiate a study to determine if hazardous materials are present and will
determine what action will be taken. Removal of hazardous materials will be done under a separate
contract.
3.08
COORDINATION OF SERVICES
A. General: Coordinate interruption of services to Owner-occupied areas in writing in advance with the
Owner. Shutdown time and duration of services interruption shall be decided by the Owner. Provide
shutoff valves at points of interconnection to minimize downtime. Procedures incidental to the outage
shall be prepared in advance to minimize downtime.
B. Fire Safety in Existing facilities: Do not decrease the fire rating of walls, partitions, ceilings, floors or
doors in adjacent areas or means of egress. Do not interrupt fire sprinkling or life safety systems
without prior coordination with the Owner. Inform all necessary parties (Fire department, Owner's
insurance carrier, etc.) in advance, prior to and immediately after shutdown, is connection or isolation
of any portion of life safety.
C. Protection of Facilities: Portions of the building may be operational during construction. Maintain
operation of the equipment and systems whenever the installation interfaces with existing equipment or
systems. Provide protection for the building, its contents and occupants wherever installation under the
contract is performed. As necessary, move, store, and protect furniture, office fixtures and carpets.
Provide acoustical isolation of the work area with temporary doors, partitions, etc., to allow normal
work functions. Provide exhaust fans, temporary dust barrier partitions and any containment measures
required to prevent dirt, dust or fumes from reaching adjacent occupied spaces as required by the
Owner or Designer. Access to the building, including exit, doors and passageways, and loading dock
and other delivery areas shall be kept open and continuously accessible to the occupants. Workmen
shall be confined to those areas directly involved in the project installation, and only during time
periods indicated and approved by the Owner.
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3.09
LAYOUT OF EXISTING EQUIPMENT
A. General: Existing equipment, piping, ductwork, etc., as indicated on the drawings have, for the most
part, been provided and verified by the Designer through existing drawings. The layouts shown may
not be from as-built drawings and may be from partial copies of original design documents not
produced by the Designer. The Designer is not responsible for the accuracy nor completeness of the
existing installation and all layouts are diagrammatic and shown for reference only. It is to be
understood that without destructive demolition by the Designer unforeseen conditions probably exist
and that existing and new work may not be field located exactly as shown on the drawings. Verify
existing conditions in the field and notify the Designer of any deviations required to install the work as
shown. Coordinate new work with existing equipment, including removing, relocating, rerouting,
extending with new materials, and reinstall existing piping, ductwork, conduits, wiring, tubing, supports
and other equipment. The Designer shall make the final decision on all deviations or modifications
required by the existing conditions. The contractor shall include the cost to re-route or offset existing
electrical conduit and domestic water lines to allow room for the installation of new ductwork and
equipment.
3.10
OWNERSHIP OF REMOVED EQUIPMENT
A. General: Construction materials and items of mechanical and electrical equipment which are removed
and not reused shall be removed from the jobsite unless indicated as to be retained for the Owner.
Include rigging, removal and hauling cost, as well as any salvage value, in the contract.
3.11
CLEAN-UP
A. General: Debris and rubbish shall not be disposed into the Owner's containers.
END OF SECTION 15010
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SECTION 15050 - BASIC MECHANICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and the Supplementary Conditions and
Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.02
SUMMARY
A. This Section includes the following basic mechanical materials and methods to complement other
Division 15 Sections.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Piping materials and installation instructions common to most piping systems.
Concrete equipment base construction requirements.
Equipment nameplate data requirements.
Nonshrink grout for equipment installations.
Field-fabricated metal equipment supports.
Installation requirements common to equipment specification Sections.
Mechanical demolition.
Cutting and patching.
Touchup painting and finishing.
B. Pipe and pipe fitting materials are specified in piping system Sections.
1.03
DEFINITIONS
A. Pipe, pipe fittings, and piping include tube, tube fittings, and tubing.
B. Finished Spaces: Spaces other than mechanical and electrical equipment rooms, furred spaces, pipe
and duct shafts, unheated spaces immediately below the roof, spaces above ceilings, unexcavated
spaces, crawl spaces, and tunnels.
C. Exposed Interior Installations: Exposed to view indoors. Examples include finished occupied spaces
and mechanical equipment rooms.
D. Exposed Exterior Installations: Exposed to view outdoors, or subject to outdoor ambient temperatures
and weather conditions. Examples include rooftop locations.
E. Concealed Interior Installations: Concealed from view and protected from physical contact by building
occupants. Examples include above ceilings and in duct shafts.
F.
Concealed Exterior Installations: Concealed from view and protected from weather conditions and
physical contact by building occupants, but subject to outdoor ambient temperatures. Examples
include installations within unheated shelters.
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1.04
SUBMITTALS
A. General: Submit the following according to the Conditions of the Contract and Division 1
Specification Sections.
B. Product data for following piping specialties:
1.
Mechanical sleeve seals.
C. Shop drawings detailing fabrication and installation for metal supports and anchorage for mechanical
materials and equipment.
D. Coordination drawings for access panel and door locations.
E. Prepare coordination drawings according to Division 1 Section "Submittals" to a 1/4 inch equals 1 foot
(1:48) scale or larger double line drawings. Detail major elements, components, and systems of
mechanical equipment and materials in relationship with other systems, installations, and building
components. Show space requirements for installation and access. Show where sequence and
coordination of installations are important to the efficient flow of the Work. Include the following:
1.
Proposed locations of concrete pads, equipment supports, equipment, and materials. Include the
following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
3.
F.
1.05
Clearances for installing and maintaining insulation.
Clearances for servicing and maintaining equipment, including space for equipment
disassembly required for periodic maintenance. (This may be shown on ductwork shop
drawings).
Equipment service connections and support details.
Exterior wall and foundation penetrations.
Sizes and location of required concrete pads and bases.
Scheduling, sequencing, movement, and positioning of large equipment into the building during
construction.
Floor plans, elevations, and details to indicate penetrations in floors, walls, and ceilings and their
relationship to other penetrations and installations.
Welder certificates signed by Contractor certifying that welders comply with requirements specified
under the "Quality Assurance" Article.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Qualify welding processes and operators for structural steel according to AWS D1.1 "Structural
Welding Code--Steel."
B. Qualify welding processes and operators for piping according to ASME "Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code," Section IX, "Welding and Brazing Qualifications."
1.
2.
Comply with provisions of ASME B31 Series "Code for Pressure Piping."
Certify that each welder has passed AWS qualification tests for the welding processes involved
and that certification is current.
C. Equipment Selection: Equipment of greater or larger power, dimensions, capacities, and ratings may
be furnished provided such proposed equipment is identified as a deviation and must be approved in
writing and connecting mechanical and electrical services, circuit breakers, conduit, motors, bases, and
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equipment spaces are increased. No additional costs will be approved for these increases, if larger
equipment is approved. If minimum energy ratings or efficiencies of the equipment are specified, the
equipment must meet the design requirements and commissioning requirements.
1.06
DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Deliver pipes and tubes with factory-applied end-caps. Maintain end-caps through shipping, storage,
and handling to prevent pipe-end damage and prevent entrance of dirt, debris, and moisture.
B. Protect stored pipes and tubes from moisture and dirt. Elevate above grade. When stored inside, do
not exceed structural capacity of the floor or roof.
C. Protect flanges, fittings, and piping specialties from moisture and dirt.
1.07
SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING
A. Coordinate mechanical equipment installation with other building components.
B. Arrange for chases, slots, and openings in building structure during progress of construction to allow
for mechanical installations.
C. Coordinate the installation of required supporting devices and set duct and pipe sleeves in poured-inplace concrete and other structural components as they are constructed (where applicable).
D. Sequence, coordinate, and integrate installations of mechanical materials and equipment for efficient
flow of the Work. Coordinate installation of large equipment requiring positioning prior to closing in
mechanical rooms.
E. Coordinate connection and location of electrical services and requirements.
F.
Coordinate connection of mechanical systems with exterior underground and overhead utilities and
services. Comply with requirements of governing regulations, franchised service companies, and
controlling agencies.
G. Coordinate requirements for access panels and doors where all mechanical items requiring access are
concealed behind finished surfaces.
H. Coordinate installation of identifying devices after completing covering and painting where devices are
applied to surfaces. Install identifying devices prior to installing acoustical ceilings and similar
concealment.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01
PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS
A. Refer to individual piping system specification Sections for pipe and fitting materials and joining
methods.
B. Pipe Threads: ASME B1.20.1 for factory-threaded pipe and pipe fittings.
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2.02
JOINING MATERIALS
A. Refer to individual piping system specification Sections in Division 15 for special joining materials not
listed below.
B. Solder Filler Metal: ASTM B 32.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Alloy Sn95 or Alloy Sn94: Tin (approximately 95 percent) and silver (approximately 5 percent),
having 0.10 percent lead content.
Alloy E: Tin (approximately 95 percent) and copper (approximately 5 percent), having 0.10
percent maximum lead content.
Alloy HA: Tin-antimony-silver-copper-zinc, having 0.10 percent maximum lead content.
Alloy HB: Tin-antimony-silver-copper-nickel, having 0.10 percent maximum lead content.
Alloy Sb5: Tin (95 percent) and antimony (5 percent), having 0.20 percent maximum lead
content.
C. Brazing Filler Metals: AWS A5.8.
1.
2.
BCuP Series: Copper-phosphorus alloys.
BAg1: Silver alloy.
D. Welding Filler Metals: Comply with AWS D10.12 for welding materials appropriate for wall thickness
and chemical analysis of steel pipe being welded.
2.03
PIPING SPECIALTIES
A. Escutcheons: Manufactured wall, ceiling, and floor plates; deep-pattern type where required to conceal
protruding fittings and sleeves.
1.
2.
3.
Inside Diameter: Closely fit around pipe, tube, and insulation.
Outside Diameter: Completely cover opening.
Cast Brass: One-piece, with set-screw.
a.
4.
Cast Brass: Split casting, with concealed hinge and set-screw.
a.
5.
6.
7.
Finish: Polished chrome plate.
Finish: Polished chrome plate.
Stamped Steel: One-piece, with set-screw and chrome-plated finish.
Stamped Steel: Split plate, with concealed hinge, set-screw, and chrome-plated finish.
Cast-Iron Floor Plate: One-piece casting.
B. Dielectric Fittings: Assembly or fitting having insulating material isolating joined dissimilar metals to
prevent galvanic action and stop corrosion.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Description: Combination of copper alloy and ferrous; threaded, solder, plain, and weld neck end
types and matching piping system materials.
Insulating Material: Suitable for system fluid, pressure, and temperature.
Dielectric Unions: Factory-fabricated, union assembly for 250-psig (1725-kPa) minimum working
pressure at a 180 deg F (82 deg C) temperature.
Dielectric Flanges: Factory-fabricated, companion-flange assembly for 150- or 300-psig (1035kPa or 2070-kPa) minimum pressure to suit system pressures.
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5.
Dielectric-Flange Insulation Kits: Field-assembled, companion-flange assembly, full-face or ring
type. Components include neoprene or phenolic gasket, phenolic or polyethylene bolt sleeves,
phenolic washers, and steel backing washers.
a.
6.
7.
Provide separate companion flanges and steel bolts and nuts for 150- or 300-psig (1035kPa or
2070kPa) minimum working pressure to suit system pressures.
Dielectric Couplings: Galvanized-steel coupling, having inert and noncorrosive, thermoplastic
lining, with threaded ends and 300-psig (2070-kPa) minimum working pressure at 225 deg F
(107 deg C) temperature.
Dielectric Nipples: Electroplated steel nipple, having inert and noncorrosive thermoplastic lining,
with combination of plain, threaded, or grooved end types and 300-psig (2070-kPa) working
pressure at 225 deg F (107 deg C) temperature.
C. Mechanical Sleeve Seals: Modular, watertight mechanical type. Components include interlocking
synthetic rubber links shaped to continuously fill annular space between pipe and sleeve. Connecting
bolts and pressure plates cause rubber sealing elements to expand when tightened.
D. Sleeves: The following materials are for wall, floor, slab, and roof penetrations:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Steel Sheet-Metal: 24-gage (0.70mm) or heavier galvanized sheet metal, round tube closed with
welded longitudinal joint.
Steel Pipe: ASTM A 53, Type E, Grade A, Schedule 40, galvanized, plain ends.
Cast-Iron: Cast or fabricated wall pipe equivalent to ductile-iron pressure pipe, having plain ends
and integral water stop, except where other features are specified.
Wall Penetration Systems: Wall sleeve assembly, consisting of housing, gaskets, and pipe sleeve,
with 1 mechanical-joint end conforming to AWWA C110 and 1 plain pipe-sleeve end.
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
Cast-Iron Sleeve Fittings: Commercially made sleeve having an integral clamping flange, with
clamping ring, bolts, and nuts for membrane flashing.
a.
2.04
Penetrating Pipe Deflection: 5 percent without leakage.
Housing: Ductile-iron casting having waterstop and anchor ring, with ductile-iron gland, steel
studs and nuts, and rubber gasket conforming to AWWA C111, of housing and gasket size as
required to fit penetrating pipe.
Pipe Sleeve: AWWA C151, ductile-iron pipe.
Housing-to-Sleeve Gasket: Rubber or neoprene push-on type of manufacturer's design.
Underdeck Clamp: Clamping ring with set-screws.
GROUT
A. Nonshrink, Nonmetallic Grout: ASTM C 1107, Grade B.
1.
2.
3.
Characteristics: Post-hardening, volume-adjusting, dry, hydraulic-cement grout, nonstaining,
noncorrosive, nongaseous, and recommended for interior and exterior applications.
Design Mix: 5000-psi, 28-day compressive strength.
Packaging: Premixed and factory-packaged.
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PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01
PIPING SYSTEMS--COMMON REQUIREMENTS
A. General: Install piping as described below, except where system Sections specify otherwise.
Individual piping system specification Sections in Division 15 specify piping installation requirements
unique to the piping system.
B. General Locations and Arrangements: Drawings (plans, schematics, and diagrams) indicate general
location and arrangement of piping systems. Indicated locations and arrangements were used to size
pipe and calculate friction loss, expansion, pump sizing, and other design considerations. Install piping
as indicated, except where deviations to layout are approved on coordination drawings.
C. Install piping at indicated slope.
D. Install components having pressure rating equal to or greater than system operating pressure.
E. Install piping in concealed interior and exterior locations, except in equipment rooms and service areas.
F.
Install piping free of sags and bends.
G. Install exposed interior and exterior piping at right angles or parallel to building walls. Diagonal runs
are prohibited, except where indicated.
H. Install piping tight to slabs, beams, joists, columns, walls, and other building elements. Allow
sufficient space above removable ceiling panels to allow for ceiling panel removal.
I.
Install piping to allow application of insulation plus 1-inch clearance around insulation.
J.
Locate groups of pipes parallel to each other, spaced to permit valve servicing.
K. Install fittings for changes in direction and branch connections.
L. Install couplings according to manufacturer's printed instructions.
M. Install pipe escutcheons for pipe penetrations of concrete and masonry walls, wall board partitions, and
suspended ceilings according to the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chrome-Plated Piping: Cast-brass, one-piece, with set-screw, and polished chrome-plated finish.
Use split-casting escutcheons, where required, for existing piping.
Uninsulated Piping Wall Escutcheons: Cast-brass or stamped-steel, with set-screw.
Uninsulated Piping Floor Plates in Utility Areas: Cast-iron floor plates.
Insulated Piping: Cast-brass or stamped-steel, with concealed hinge, spring clips, and chromeplated finish.
Piping in Utility Areas: Cast-brass or stamped-steel, with set-screw or spring clips.
N. Sleeves are not required for core drilled holes.
O. Install sleeves for pipes passing through concrete and masonry walls, concrete floor and roof slabs, and
where indicated.
P. Install sleeves for pipes passing through concrete and masonry walls, gypsum-board partitions, concrete
floor and roof slabs, and where indicated.
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1.
Cut sleeves to length for mounting flush with both surfaces.
a.
2.
3.
Exception: Extend sleeves installed in floors of mechanical equipment areas or other wet
areas 2 inches above finished floor level. Extend cast-iron sleeve fittings below floor slab as
required to secure clamping ring where specified.
Build sleeves into new walls and slabs as work progresses.
Install large enough sleeves to provide 1/4-inch annular clear space between sleeve and pipe or
pipe insulation. Use the following sleeve materials:
a.
b.
c.
Steel Pipe Sleeves: For pipes smaller than 6 inches.
Steel Sheet-Metal Sleeves: For pipes 6 inches and larger that penetrate gypsum-board
partitions.
Cast-Iron Sleeve Fittings: For floors having membrane waterproofing. Secure flashing
between clamping flanges. Install section of cast-iron soil pipe to extend sleeve to 2 inches
above finished floor level.
1) Seal space outside of sleeve fittings with nonshrink, nonmetallic grout.
4.
Except for below-grade wall penetrations, seal annular space between sleeve and pipe or pipe
insulation, using elastomeric joint sealants.
Q. Above Grade, Exterior Wall, Pipe Penetrations: Seal penetrations using sleeves and mechanical sleeve
seals. Size sleeve for 1-inch annular clear space between pipe and sleeve for installation of mechanical
seals.
1.
2.
3.
Install steel pipe for sleeves smaller than 6 inches.
Install cast-iron wall pipes for sleeves 6 inches and larger.
Assemble and install mechanical seals according to manufacturer's printed instructions.
R. Below Grade, Exterior Wall, Pipe Penetrations: Install cast-iron wall pipes for sleeves. Seal pipe
penetrations using mechanical sleeve seals. Size sleeve for 1-inch annular clear space between pipe
and sleeve for installation of mechanical seals.
S.
Fire Barrier Penetrations: Maintain indicated fire rating of walls, partitions, ceilings, and floors at pipe
penetrations. Seal pipe penetrations with firestopping sealant material.Firestopping material shall be
type ‘3M’ or equal approved by local code authority and installed per method approved by local code
authority.
T. Verify final equipment locations for roughing in.
U. Refer to equipment specifications in other Sections for roughing-in requirements.
V. Piping Joint Construction: Join pipe and fittings as follows and as specifically required in individual
piping system Sections.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ream ends of pipes and tubes and remove burrs. Bevel plain ends of steel pipe.
Remove scale, slag, dirt, and debris from inside and outside of pipe and fittings before assembly.
Soldered Joints: Construct joints according to AWS "Soldering Manual," Chapter 22 "The
Soldering of Pipe and Tube."
Brazed Joints: Construct joints according to AWS "Brazing Manual" in the "Pipe and Tube"
chapter.
Threaded Joints: Thread pipe with tapered pipe threads according to ASME B1.20.1. Cut threads
full and clean using sharp dies. Ream threaded pipe ends to remove burrs and restore full inside
diameter. Join pipe fittings and valves as follows:
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
7.
Note the internal length of threads in fittings or valve ends, and proximity of internal seat or
wall, to determine how far pipe should be threaded into joint.
Apply appropriate tape or thread compound to external pipe threads (except where dry seal
threading is specified).
Align threads at point of assembly.
Tighten joint with wrench. Apply wrench to valve end into which pipe is being threaded.
Damaged Threads: Do not use pipe or pipe fittings having threads that are corroded or
damaged. Do not use pipe sections that have cracked or open welds.
Welded Joints: Construct joints according to AWS D10.12 "Recommended Practices and
Procedures for Welding Low Carbon Steel Pipe" using qualified processes and welding operators
according to the "Quality Assurance" Article.
Flanged Joints: Align flange surfaces parallel. Select appropriate gasket material, size, type, and
thickness for service application. Install gasket concentrically positioned. Assemble joints by
sequencing bolt tightening to make initial contact of flanges and gaskets as flat and parallel as
possible. Use suitable lubricants on bolt threads. Tighten bolts gradually and uniformly using
torque wrench.
W. Piping Connections: Except as otherwise indicated, make piping connections as specified below.
1.
2.
3.
3.02
Install unions in piping 2-1/2 inches and smaller adjacent to each valve and at final connection to
each piece of equipment having a 2-1/2 inches or smaller threaded pipe connection.
Install flanges in piping 3 inches and larger adjacent to flanged valves and at final connection to
each piece of equipment having flanged pipe connection.
Wet Piping Systems: Install dielectric coupling and nipple fittings to connect piping materials of
dissimilar metals.
EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION--COMMON REQUIREMENTS
A. Install equipment to provide the maximum possible headroom where mounting heights are not
indicated.
B. Install equipment according to approved submittal data. Portions of the Work are shown only in
diagrammatic form. Refer conflicts to the Architect.
C. Install equipment level and plumb, parallel and perpendicular to other building systems and
components in exposed interior spaces, except where otherwise indicated.
D. Install mechanical equipment to facilitate servicing, maintenance, and repair or replacement of
equipment components. Connect equipment for ease of disconnecting, with minimum of interference
with other installations. Extend grease fittings to an accessible location.
E. Install equipment giving right-of-way to piping systems installed at a required slope.
3.03
CONCRETE BASES
A. Construct concrete equipment bases of dimensions indicated, but not less than 4 inches larger than
supported unit in both directions. Follow supported equipment manufacturer's setting templates for
anchor bolt and tie locations. Use 3000-psi, 28-day compressive strength concrete and reinforcement.
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3.04
ERECTION OF WOOD SUPPORTS AND ANCHORAGE
A. Cut, fit, and weld stell angle, bracing, and anchorage to support and anchor mechanical materials and
equipment.
B. Attach to substrates as required to support applied loads.
3.05
DEMOLITION
A. Disconnect, demolish, and remove work specified under Division 15 and as indicated.
B. Where pipe, ductwork, insulation, or equipment to remain is damaged or disturbed, remove damaged
portions and install new products of equal capacity and quality.
C. Accessible Work: Remove indicated exposed pipe and ductwork in its entirety.
D. Abandoned Work: Cut and remove buried pipe abandoned in place, 2 inches beyond the face of
adjacent construction. Cap and patch surface to match existing finish.
E. Removal: Remove indicated equipment from the Project site.
F.
3.06
Temporary Disconnection: Remove, store, clean, reinstall, reconnect, and make operational equipment
indicated for relocation.
CUTTING AND PATCHING
A. Cut, channel, chase, and drill floors, walls, partitions, ceilings, and other surfaces necessary for
mechanical installations. Perform cutting by skilled mechanics of the trades involved.
B. Repair cut surfaces to match adjacent surfaces.
3.07
GROUTING
A. Install nonmetallic nonshrink grout for mechanical equipment base bearing surfaces, pump and other
equipment base plates, and anchors. Mix grout according to manufacturer's printed instructions.
B. Clean surfaces that will come into contact with grout.
C. Provide forms for placement of grout, as required.
D. Avoid air entrapment when placing grout.
E. Place grout to completely fill equipment bases.
F.
Place grout on concrete bases to provide a smooth bearing surface for equipment.
G. Place grout around anchors.
H. Cure placed grout according to manufacturer's printed instructions.
END OF SECTION 15050
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SECTION 15075 - MECHANICAL IDENTIFICATION
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and
Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.02
SUMMARY
A. This Section includes mechanical identification materials and devices.
1.03
SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: For identification materials and devices.
B. Samples: Of color, lettering style, and graphic representation required for each identification material
and device.
1.04
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Comply with ASME A13.1, "Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems" for lettering size, length
of color field, colors, and viewing angles of identification devices.
1.05
SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING
A. Coordinate installation of identifying devices with completion of covering and painting of surfaces
where devices are to be applied.
B. Install identifying devices before installing acoustical ceilings and similar concealment.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01
IDENTIFYING DEVICES AND LABELS
A. General: Products specified are for applications referenced in other Division 15 Sections. If more than
single type is specified for listed applications, selection is Installer's option.
B. Equipment Nameplates: Metal permanently fastened to equipment with data engraved or stamped.
1.
2.
Data: Manufacturer, product name, model number, serial number, capacity, operating and power
characteristics, labels of tested compliances, and essential data.
Location: Accessible and visible.
C. Stencils: Standard stencils, prepared with letter sizes conforming to recommendations of
ASME A13.1. Minimum letter height is 1-1/4 inches for ducts, and 3/4 inch for access door signs and
similar operational instructions.
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1.
2.
3.
Material: Brass.
Stencil Paint: Exterior, oil-based, alkyd gloss black enamel, unless otherwise indicated. Paint may
be in pressurized spray-can form.
Identification Paint: Exterior, oil-based, alkyd enamel in colors according to ASME A13.1, unless
otherwise indicated.
D. Pressure-Sensitive Pipe Markers: Manufacturer's standard preprinted, color-coded, pressure-sensitive,
vinyl type with permanent adhesive.
E. Pipes with OD, Including Insulation, Less Than 6 Inches: Full-band pipe markers, extending 360
degrees around pipe at each location.
F.
Pipes with OD, Including Insulation, 6 Inches and Larger: Either full-band or strip-type pipe markers,
at least 3 times letter height and of length required for label.
G. Lettering: Use piping system terms indicated and abbreviate only as necessary for each application
length.
1.
Arrows: Either integrally with piping system service lettering, to accommodate both directions, or
as separate unit, on each pipe marker to indicate direction of flow.
H. Plastic Duct Markers: Manufacturer's standard laminated plastic, in the following color codes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
I.
Plastic Tape: Manufacturer's standard color-coded, pressure-sensitive, self-adhesive, vinyl tape, at
least 3 mils thick.
1.
2.
J.
Green: Cold-air supply.
Yellow: Hot-air supply.
Blue: Exhaust, outside, return, and mixed air.
Terminology: Include direction of airflow; duct service such as supply, return, and exhaust; duct
origin, duct destination, and design flow.
Width: 1-1/2 inches on pipes with OD, including insulation, less than 6 inches; 2-1/2 inches for
larger pipes.
Color: Comply with ASME A13.1, unless otherwise indicated.
Access Panel Markers: 1/16-inch thick, engraved plastic-laminate markers, with abbreviated terms and
numbers corresponding to concealed valve. Provide 1/8-inch center hole for attachment.
K. Engraved Plastic-Laminate Signs: ASTM D 709, Type I, cellulose, paper-base, phenolic-resinlaminate engraving stock; Grade ES-2, black surface, black phenolic core, with white melamine
subcore, unless otherwise indicated. Fabricate in sizes required for message. Provide holes for
mechanical fastening.
1.
2.
3.
Engraving: Engraver's standard letter style, of sizes and with terms to match equipment
identification.
Thickness: 1/8 inch (3 mm), unless otherwise indicated.
Fasteners: Self-tapping, stainless-steel screws or contact-type, permanent adhesive.
L. Plastic Equipment Markers: Manufacturer's standard laminated plastic, in the following color codes:
1.
2.
3.
Green: Cooling equipment and components.
Yellow: Heating equipment and components.
Blue: Equipment and components that do not meet criteria above.
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4.
Terminology: Match schedules as closely as possible. Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
Name and plan number.
Equipment service.
Design capacity.
Other design parameters such as pressure drop, entering and leaving conditions, and speed.
Size: 2-1/2 by 4 inches for control devices, dampers, and valves; 4-1/2 by 6 inches for equipment.
M. Plasticized Tags: Preprinted or partially preprinted, accident-prevention tags, of plasticized card stock
with mat finish suitable for writing.
1.
2.
3.
Size: 3-1/4 by 5-5/8 inches.
Fasteners: Brass grommets and wire.
Nomenclature: Large-size primary caption such as DANGER, CAUTION, or DO NOT
OPERATE.
N. Lettering and Graphics: Coordinate names, abbreviations, and other designations used in mechanical
identification with corresponding designations indicated. Use numbers, letters, and terms indicated for
proper identification, operation, and maintenance of mechanical systems and equipment.
1.
Multiple Systems: Identify individual system number and service if multiple systems of same
name are indicated.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01
LABELING AND IDENTIFYING PIPING SYSTEMS
A. Install pipe markers on each system. Include arrows showing normal direction of flow.
B. Marker Type: Stenciled markers with painted, color-coded bands or rectangles.
C. Fasten markers on pipes and insulated pipes smaller than 6 inches OD by one of following methods:
1.
2.
3.
Adhesive lap joint in pipe marker overlap.
Laminated or bonded application of pipe marker to pipe or insulation.
Taped to pipe or insulation with color-coded plastic adhesive tape, not less than 3/4 inch wide,
lapped a minimum of 1-1/2 inches at both ends of pipe marker, and covering full circumference of
pipe.
D. Fasten markers on pipes and insulated pipes 6 inches in diameter and larger by one of following
methods:
1.
2.
Laminated or bonded application of pipe marker to pipe or insulation.
Taped to pipe or insulation with color-coded plastic adhesive tape, not less than 1-1/2 inches wide,
lapped a minimum of 3 inches at both ends of pipe marker, and covering full circumference of
pipe.
E. Locate pipe markers and color bands where piping is exposed in finished spaces; machine and
mechancial rooms; accessible maintenance spaces such as shafts, tunnels, and plenums; and exterior
nonconcealed locations according to the following:
1.
Near each valve and control device.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
3.02
Near each branch connection, excluding short takeoffs for fixtures and terminal units. Mark each
pipe at branch, where flow pattern is not obvious.
Near penetrations through walls, floors, ceilings, or nonaccessible enclosures.
At access doors, manholes, and similar access points that permit view of concealed piping.
Near major equipment items and other points of origination and termination.
Spaced at a maximum of 50-foot intervals along each run. Reduce intervals to 25 feet in areas of
congested piping and equipment.
On piping above removable acoustical ceilings, except omit intermediately spaced markers.
EQUIPMENT SIGNS AND MARKERS
A. Install engraved plastic-laminate signs or equipment markers on or near each major item of mechanical
equipment. Include signs for the following general categories of equipment:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Meters, gages, thermometers, and similar units.
Heat exchangers, coils, and similar equipment.
Fans, blowers, primary balancing dampers, and mixing boxes.
Packaged HVAC central-station and zone-type units.
Strainers, filters, and similar equipment.
B. Duct Systems: Identify air supply, return, exhaust, intake, and relief ducts with duct markers; or
provide stenciled signs and arrows showing service and direction of flow.
1.
3.03
Location: Locate signs near points where ducts enter into concealed spaces, at all access doors,
and at maximum intervals of 50 feet in each space where ducts are exposed or concealed by
removable ceiling system.
ADJUSTING AND CLEANING
A. Relocate mechanical identification materials and devices that have become visually blocked by work of
this or other Divisions.
B. Clean faces of identification devices.
END OF SECTION 15075
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SECTION 15135 - METERS AND GAGES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including the General and Supplementary Conditions
and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.02
SUMMARY
A. This Section includes meters and gages used in mechanical systems.
B. Related Sections: Division 15 piping Sections contain requirements that relate to this Section.
1.
1.03
Meters and gages furnished as part of factory-fabricated equipment are specified as part of the
equipment assembly in other Division 15 Sections.
SUBMITTALS
A. General: Submit the following according to the Conditions of the Contract and Division 1
Specification Sections.
B. Product data for each type of meter, gage, and fitting specified. Include scale range, ratings, and
calibrated performance curves, certified where indicated. Submit a meter and gage schedule showing
manufacturer's figure number, scale range, location, and accessories for each meter and gage.
C. Product certificates signed by manufacturers of meters and gages certifying accuracies under specified
operating conditions and compliance with specified requirements.
D. Maintenance data to include in the "Operating and Maintenance Manuals" specified in Division 1
Section "Project Closeout." Include data for the following:
1.
2.
1.04
Test plugs.
Flow measuring systems.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Comply with applicable portions of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and
Instrument Society of America (ISA) standards pertaining to construction and installation of meters and
gages.
B. Design Criteria: The Drawings indicate types, sizes, capacities, ranges, profiles, connections, and
dimensional requirements of meters and gages and are based on the specific manufacturer types and
models indicated. Meters and gages having equal performance characteristics by other manufacturers
may be considered, provided that deviations do not change the design concept or intended performance
as judged by the Architect. The burden of proof for equality of meters and gages is on the proposer.
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PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01
MANUFACTURERS
A. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the following:
1.
Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
Pressure Gages:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
3.
Flow Design, Inc.
MG Piping Products Co.
Peterson Equipment Co., Inc.
Sisco Co., Spedco, Inc.
H.O. Trerice Co.
Watts Regulator Co.
Wafer-Orifice-Type Flow Elements:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
AMETEK, U.S. Gauge Div.
Ashcroft by Dresser Industries, Instrument Div.
Marsh Instrument Co.
Marshalltown Instruments, Inc.
H.O. Trerice Co.
Weiss Instruments, Inc.
Weksler Instruments Corp.
WIKA Instruments Corp.
Test Plugs:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
4.
Marsh Instrument Co.
Marshalltown Instruments, Inc.
H.O. Trerice Co.
Weiss Instruments, Inc.
Weksler Instruments Corp.
ABB Kent-Taylor.
Armstrong Pumps, Inc.
Badger Meter, Inc.
Bell & Gossett by ITT Corp., Fluid Handling Div.
Meriam Instrument Div., Scott & Fetzer Co.
Venturi-Type Flow Elements:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Armstrong Pumps, Inc.
BIF by Leeds & Northrup.
Badger Meter, Inc.
Barco Div., Marison Industries.
Fischer & Porter Co.
Gerand Engineering Co.
Preso Industries, Ltd.
Victaulic Company of America.
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6.
Pitot-Tube-Type Flow Elements:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.02
Dieterich Standard Co., Dover Industries.
KOBOLD Instruments, Inc.
Meriam Instrument Div., Scott & Fetzer Co.
Preso Industries, Ltd.
Taco, Inc.
THERMOMETERS, GENERAL
A. Scale Range: Temperature ranges for services listed as follows:
1.
Chilled Water: 0 to 100 deg F, with 2-degree scale divisions (minus 18 to 38 deg C, with 1-degree
scale divisions).
B. Accuracy: Plus or minus 1 percent of range span or plus or minus one scale division to maximum of
1.5 percent of range span.
2.03
LIQUID-IN-GLASS THERMOMETERS
A. Description: ASTM E 1, liquid-in-glass thermometer.
B. Case: Die-cast and aluminum-finished in baked-epoxy enamel, glass front, spring secured, 9 inches
(230 mm) long.
C. Adjustable Joint: Finished to match case, 180-degree (3.1rad) adjustment in vertical plane, 360-degree
(6.3rad) adjustment in horizontal plane, with locking device.
D. Tube: Red-reading, organic liquid-filled instead of mercury-filled, with magnifying lens.
E. Scale: Satin-faced nonreflective aluminum with permanently etched markings.
F.
2.04
Stem: Copper-plated, steel, aluminum, or brass for a separable socket of length to suit installation.
THERMOMETER WELLS
A. Description: Brass or stainless-steel thermometer well.
B. Pressure Rating: Not less than piping system design pressure.
C. Stem Length: To extend to center of pipe.
D. Extension for Insulated Piping: 2 inches (50 mm) nominal, but not less than thickness of insulation.
2.05
PRESSURE GAGES
A. Description: ASME B40.1, Grade A phosphor-bronze Bourdon-tube pressure gage, with bottom
connection.
B. Case: Drawn steel, brass, or aluminum with 4-1/2-inch (115-mm) -diameter glass lens.
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C. Connector: Brass, 1/4-inch (DN 8).
D. Scale: White-coated aluminum, with permanently etched markings.
E. Accuracy: Plus or minus 1 percent of range span.
F.
Range: Conform to the following:
1.
2.06
Fluids Under Pressure: 2 times operating pressure.
PRESSURE-GAGE ACCESSORIES
A. Syphons: 1/4-inch (DN 8) straight coil of brass tubing with threads on each end.
B. Snubbers: 1/4-inch (DN 8) brass bushing with corrosion-resistant porous-metal disc of material suitable
for system fluid and working pressure.
2.07
TEST PLUGS
A. Description: Nickel-plated brass-body test plug in 1/2-inch (DN 15) fitting.
B. Body: Length as required to extend beyond insulation.
C. Pressure Rating: 500 psig (3450 kPa) minimum.
D. Core Inserts: 2 self-sealing valve types, suitable for inserting a 1/8-inch (3-mm) outside-diameter
probe from a dial thermometer or pressure gage.
E. Core Material: According to the following for fluid and temperature range:
1.
F.
Air and Water: Minus 30 deg to 275 deg F (minus 35 to 136 deg C), ethylene-propylene-dieneterpolymer (EPDM) rubber.
Test-Plug Cap: Gasketed and threaded cap, with retention chain.
G. Test Kit: Provide test kit consisting of 1 pressure gage and gage adapter with probe, 2 bimetal dial
thermometers and a carrying case.
H. Pressure Gage and Thermometer Ranges: Approximately 2 times systems operating conditions.
2.08
FLOW-MEASURING SYSTEMS, GENERAL
A. Flow-measuring systems include calibrated flow element, separate meter, hoses or tubing, valves,
fittings, and conversion chart that is compatible with flow element, meter, and system fluid.
B. Flow range of flow-measuring element and meter covers operating range of equipment or system where
used.
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2.08
WAFER-ORIFICE FLOW ELEMENTS
A. Description: Wafer-orifice, differential-pressure-design, orifice-insert flow element made for
installation between pipe flanges.
B. Construction: Cast-iron body, brass valves with integral check valves and caps, and calibrated
nameplate.
C. Pressure Rating: 300 psig (2070 kPa).
D. Temperature Rating: 250 deg F (120 deg C).
2.09
VENTURI FLOW ELEMENTS
A. Description: Venturi differential-pressure-design flow-element fitting made for installation in piping.
B. Construction: Bronze, brass, or factory-primed steel, with brass fittings and attached tag with flow
conversion data. Include ends threaded for 2-inch (DN 50) and smaller elements and flanged or welded
for 2-1/2-inch (DN 65) and larger elements.
C. Pressure Rating: 250 psig (1725 kPa).
D. Temperature Rating: 250 deg F (120 deg C).
2.10
PITOT-TUBE FLOW ELEMENTS
A. Description: Pitot-tube differential-pressure design with probe made for insertion into piping.
B. Construction: Stainless-steel probe of length to span inside of pipe, with brass fittings and attached tag
with flow conversion data.
C. Pressure Rating: 150 psig (1035 kPa).
D. Temperature Rating: 250 deg F (120 deg C).
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01
METER AND GAGE APPLICATIONS
A. General: Where indicated, install meters and gages of types, sizes, capacities, and with features
indicated.
3.02
METER AND GAGE INSTALLATION, GENERAL
A. Install meters, gages, and accessories according to manufacturers' written instructions for applications
where used.
3.03
THERMOMETER INSTALLATION
A. Install thermometers and adjust vertical and tilted positions.
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B. Install in the following locations and elsewhere as indicated:
1.
At inlet and outlet of each hydronic coil in air-handling units.
C. Thermometer Wells: Install in vertical position in piping tees where thermometers are indicated.
1.
2.
3.04
Install wells with stem extending minimum of 2 inches (50 mm) into fluid.
Fill wells with oil or graphite and secure caps.
PRESSURE GAGE INSTALLATION
A. Install pressure gages in piping tee with pressure gage valve located on pipe at most readable position.
B. Install in the following locations and elsewhere as indicated:
1.
3.05
At chilled water inlets and outlets of air handling units.
TEST PLUG INSTALLATION
A. Install test plugs in piping tees where indicated and at water inlets and outlets of fan coil units located
on pipe at most readable position. Secure cap.
3.06
FLOW-MEASURING SYSTEM, FLOW ELEMENT AND METER INSTALLATION
A. General: Install flow meters for piping systems located in accessible locations at most readable
position.
B. Locations: Install flow measuring elements and meters at inlet of each air handling unit and fan coil
unit, and elsewhere as indicated.
C. Differential-Pressure-Type Flow Elements: Install minimum straight lengths of pipe upstream and
downstream from element as prescribed by the manufacturer's installation instructions.
D. Wafer-Orifice-Type Flow Elements: Install between two Class 125 pipe flanges, ASME B16.1, cast
iron for ferrous piping or ASME B16.24, bronze, for copper tubing.
E. Install connection fittings for attachment to portable flow meters in readily accessible locations.
F.
3.07
Install connections, tubing, and accessories between flow elements and meters as prescribed by
manufacturer's written instructions.
CONNECTIONS
A. Piping installation requirements are specified in other Division 15 Sections. The Drawings indicate the
general arrangement of piping, fittings, and specialties.
B. Install meters and gages adjacent to machines and equipment to allow servicing and maintenance.
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3.08
ADJUSTING AND CLEANING
A. Calibrate meters according to manufacturer's written instructions, after installation.
B. Adjusting: Adjust faces of meters and gages to proper angle for best visibility.
C. Cleaning: Clean windows of meters and gages and factory-finished surfaces. Replace cracked and
broken windows and repair scratched and marred surfaces with manufacturer's touchup paint.
END OF SECTION 15135
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SECTION 15250 - MECHANICAL INSULATION
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and
Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.02
SUMMARY
A. This Section includes pipe, duct, and equipment insulation.
1.03
DEFINITIONS
A. Hot Surfaces: Normal operating temperatures of 100 deg F (38 deg C) or higher.
B. Dual-Temperature Surfaces: Normal operating temperatures that vary from hot to cold.
C. Cold Surfaces: Normal operating temperatures less than 75 deg F (24 deg C).
D. Thermal resistivity is designated by an r-value that represents the reciprocal of thermal conductivity (kvalue). Thermal conductivity is the rate of heat flow through a homogenous material exactly 1 inch
(25.4 mm) thick. Thermal resistivity (r-value) is expressed by the temperature difference in degrees
Fahrenheit (Kelvins) between the two exposed faces required to cause 1 BTU per hour (1 Watt) to flow
through 1 square foot (1 square meter) at mean temperatures indicated.
E. Thermal Conductivity (k-value): Measure of heat flow through a material at a given temperature
difference; conductivity is expressed in units of Btu x inch/h x sq. ft. x deg F (W x m/sq. m x K).
F.
1.04
Density: Is expressed in pcf (kg/cu. m).
SUBMITTALS
A. General: Submit the following in accordance with Conditions of Contract and Division 1 Specification
Sections.
B. Product data for each type of mechanical insulation identifying k-value, thickness, and accessories.
C. Material certificates, signed by the manufacturer, certifying that materials comply with specified
requirements where laboratory test reports cannot be obtained.
D. Material test reports prepared by a qualified independent testing laboratory. Certify insulation meets
specified requirements.
1.05
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Fire Performance Characteristics: Conform to the following characteristics for insulation including
facings, cements, and adhesives, when tested according to ASTM E 84, by UL or other testing or
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inspecting organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Label insulation with
appropriate markings of testing laboratory.
1.
1.06
Interior and Exterior Insulation: Flame spread rating of 25 or less and a smoke developed rating of
50 or less.
SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING
A. Schedule insulation application after testing of piping and duct systems.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01
MANUFACTURERS
A. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the following:
1.
Glass Fiber:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
Cellular Glass:
a.
3.
Pittsburgh Corning Corporation.
Flexible Elastomeric Cellular:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.02
CertainTeed Corporation.
Knauf Fiberglass GmbH.
Manville.
Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation.
USG Interiors, Inc. - Thermafiber Division.
Armstrong World Industries, Inc.
Halstead Industrial Products.
IMCOA.
Rubatex Corporation.
GLASS FIBER
A. Material: Inorganic glass fibers, bonded with a thermosetting resin.
B. Jacket: All-purpose, factory-applied, laminated glass-fiber-reinforced, flame-retardant kraft paper and
aluminum foil having self-sealing lap.
C. Board: ASTM C 612, Class 2, semi-rigid jacketed board.
1.
2.
Thermal Conductivity: 0.26 Btu x inch/h x sq. ft. x deg F (0.037 W x m/sq. m x K) average
maximum, at 75 deg F (24 deg C) mean temperature.
Density: 12 pcf (192 kg/cu. m) average maximum.
D. Blanket: ASTM C 553, Type II, Class F-1, jacketed flexible blankets.
1.
Thermal Conductivity: 0.32 Btu x inch/h x sq. ft. x deg F (0.046 W x m/sq. m x K) average
maximum, at 75 deg F (24 deg C) mean temperature.
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E. Adhesive: Produced under the UL Classification and Follow-up service.
1.
2.
F.
2.03
Type: Non-flammable, solvent-based.
Service Temperature Range: Minus 20 to 180 deg F (Minus 29 to 82 deg C).
Vapor Barrier Coating: Waterproof coating recommended by insulation manufacturer for outside
service.
CELLULAR GLASS
A. Material: Inorganic, foamed or cellulated glass, annealed, rigid, hermetically sealed cells,
incombustible.
B. Facing: ASTM C 921, Type 1, factory-applied, laminated foil, flame-retardant, vinyl facing.
C. Form: The following as indicated:
1.
2.
Preformed Pipe: ASTM C 552, Type II, Class 2 (jacketed).
Special Shapes: ASTM C 552, Type III, in shapes and thicknesses as indicated.
D. Thermal Conductivity: 0.38 Btu x inch/h x sq. ft. x deg F (0.055 W x m/sq. m x K) average maximum
at 75 deg F (24 deg C) mean temperature.
E. Minimum Density: 7 pcf (112 kg/cu. m).
F.
2.04
Maximum Density: 9.5 pcf (152 kg/cu. m).
FLEXIBLE ELASTOMERIC CELLULAR
A. Material: Flexible expanded closed-cell structure with smooth skin on both sides.
1.
2.
Tubular Materials: ASTM C 534, Type I.
Sheet Materials: ASTM C 534, Type II.
B. Thermal Conductivity: 0.30 Btu x inch/h x sq. ft. x deg F (0.043 W x m/sq. m x K) average maximum
at 75 deg F (24 deg C).
C. Coating: Water based latex enamel coating recommended by insulation manufacturer.
2.05
INSULATING CEMENTS
A. Mineral Fiber: ASTM C 195.
1.
2.
Thermal Conductivity: 1.0 Btu x inch/h x sq. ft. x deg F (0.14 W x m/sq. m x K) average
maximum at 500 deg F (260 deg C) mean temperature.
Compressive Strength: 10 psi (70 kPa) at 5 percent deformation.
B. Expanded or Exfoliated Vermiculite: ASTM C 196.
1.
2.
Thermal Conductivity: 1.10 Btu x inch/h x sq. ft. x deg F (0.159 W x m/sq. m x K) average
maximum at 500 deg F (260 deg C) mean temperature.
Compressive Strength: 5 psi (35 kPa) at 5 percent deformation.
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C. Mineral Fiber, Hydraulic-Setting Insulating and Finishing Cement: ASTM C 449.
1.
2.
2.06
Thermal Conductivity: 1.2 Btu x inch/h x sq. ft. x deg F (0.173 W x m/sq. m x K) average
maximum at 400 deg F (204 deg C) mean temperature.
Compressive Strength: 100 psi (690 kPa) at 5 percent deformation.
ADHESIVES
A. Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Insulation Adhesive: Solvent-based, contact adhesive recommended by
insulation manufacturer.
B. Lagging Adhesive: MIL-A-3316C, non-flammable adhesive in the following Classes and Grades:
1.
2.
2.07
Class 1, Grade A for bonding glass cloth and tape to unfaced glass fiber insulation, sealing edges
of glass fiber insulation, and bonding lagging cloth to unfaced glass fiber insulation.
Class 2, Grade A for bonding glass fiber insulation to metal surfaces.
JACKETS
A. General: ASTM C 921, Type 1, except as otherwise indicated.
B. Foil and Paper Jacket: Laminated glass-fiber-reinforced, flame-retardant kraft paper and aluminum
foil.
1.
2.
Water Vapor Permeance: 0.02 perm (1.2 ng/Pa/s/sq. m) maximum, when tested according to
ASTM E 96.
Puncture Resistance: 50 beach units minimum, when tested according to ASTM D 781.
C. Stainless-Steel Jacket: ASTM A 167, Type 304 or 316, 0.10 inch (2.54 mm) thick, No. 2B finish, and
roll stock ready for shop or field cutting and forming to indicated sizes.
1.
2.
3.
2.08
Moisture Barrier: 1 mil (0.025 mm), heat-bonded polyethylene and kraft paper.
Elbows: Gore type, for 45-degree and 90-degree elbows in same material, thickness, finish as
jackets.
Jacket Bands: Stainless steel, Type 304, 3/4 inch (19 mm) wide.
ACCESSORIES AND ATTACHMENTS
A. Glass Cloth: Woven glass fiber fabrics, plain weave, presized a minimum of 8 ounces per sq. yd. (272
gm per sq. m).
1.
Cloth Standard: MIL-C-20079H, Type I.
B. Bands: 3/4 inch (19 mm) wide, in one of the following materials compatible with jacket:
1.
Stainless Steel: Type 304, 0.020 inch (0.5 mm) thick.
C. Wire: 14 gage (1.6 mm) nickel copper alloy, 16 gage (1.6 mm), soft-annealed stainless steel, or 16
gage (1.6 mm), soft-annealed galvanized steel.
D. Corner Angles: 28 gage (0.3 mm), 1 inch by 1 inch (25 mm by 25 mm) aluminum, adhered to 2 inches
by 2 inches (50 mm by 50 mm) kraft paper.
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E. Anchor Pins: Capable of supporting 20 pounds (9 kg) each. Provide anchor pins and speed washers of
sizes and diameters as recommended by the manufacturer for insulation type and thickness.
2.09
SEALING COMPOUNDS
A. Vapor Barrier Compound: Water-based, fire-resistive composition.
1.
2.
Water Vapor Permeance: 0.08 perm (4.6 ng/Pa/s/sq. m) maximum.
Temperature Range: Minus 20 to 180 deg F (Minus 29 to 82 deg C).
B. Weatherproof Sealant: Flexible-elastomer-based, vapor-barrier sealant designed to seal metal joints.
1.
2.
3.
Water Vapor Permeance: 0.02 perm (1.2 ng/Pa/s/sq. m) maximum.
Temperature Range: Minus 50 to 250 deg F (Minus 46 to 121 deg C).
Color: Aluminum.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01
PREPARATION
A. Surface Preparation: Clean, dry, and remove foreign materials such as rust, scale, and dirt.
B. Mix insulating cements with clean potable water. Mix insulating cements contacting stainless-steel
surfaces with demineralized water.
1.
3.02
Follow cement manufacturer's printed instructions for mixing and portions.
INSTALLATION, GENERAL
A. Refer to schedules at the end of this Section for materials, forms, jackets, and thicknesses required for
each mechanical system.
B. Select accessories compatible with materials suitable for the service. Select accessories that do not
corrode, soften, or otherwise attack the insulation or jacket in either the wet or dry state.
C. Install vapor barriers on insulated pipes, ducts, and equipment.
D. Apply insulation material, accessories, and finishes according to the manufacturer's printed instructions.
E. Install insulation with smooth, straight, and even surfaces.
F.
Seal joints and seams to maintain vapor barrier on insulation requiring a vapor barrier.
G. Seal penetrations for hangers, supports, anchors, and other projections in insulation requiring a vapor
barrier.
H. Seal Ends: Except for flexible elastomeric insulation, taper ends at 45 degree angle and seal with
lagging adhesive. Cut ends of flexible elastomeric cellular insulation square and seal with adhesive.
I.
Apply adhesives and coatings at manufacturer's recommended coverage-per-gallon rate.
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J.
Keep insulation materials dry during application and finishing.
K. Items Not Insulated: Unless otherwise indicated do not apply insulation to the following systems,
materials, and equipment:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3.03
Factory-insulated flexible ducts.
Factory-insulated plenums, casings, terminal boxes, and filter boxes and sections.
Vibration control devices.
Testing laboratory labels and stamps.
Nameplates and data plates.
Access panels and doors in air distribution systems.
PIPE INSULATION INSTALLATION, GENERAL
A. Tightly butt longitudinal seams and end joints. Bond with adhesive.
B. Stagger joints on double layers of insulation.
C. Apply insulation continuously over fittings, valves, and specialties, except as otherwise indicated.
D. Apply insulation with a minimum number of joints.
E. Apply insulation with integral jackets as follows:
1.
2.
3.
Pull jacket tight and smooth.
Cover circumferential joints with butt strips, at least 3 inches (76 mm) wide, and of same material
as insulation jacket. Secure with adhesive and outward clinching staples along both edges of butt
strip and space 4 inches (100 mm) on center.
Longitudinal Seams: Overlap seams at least 1-1/2 inches (40 mm). Apply insulation with
longitudinal seams at bottom of pipe. Clean and dry surface to receive self-sealing lap. Staple laps
with outward clinching staples along edge at 4 inches (100 mm) on center.
a.
4.
5.
6.
F.
Exception: Do not staple longitudinal laps on insulation applied to piping systems with
surface temperatures at or below 35 deg F (1.7 deg C).
Vapor Barrier Coatings: Where vapor barriers are indicated, apply on seams and joints, over
staples, and at ends butt to flanges, unions, valves, and fittings.
At penetrations in jackets for thermometers and pressure gages, fill and seal voids with vapor
barrier coating.
Repair damaged insulation jackets, except metal jackets, by applying jacket material around
damaged jacket. Adhere, staple, and seal. Extend patch at least 2 inches (50 mm) in both
directions beyond damaged insulation jacket and around the entire circumference of the pipe.
Interior Walls and Partitions Penetrations: Apply insulation continuously through walls and partitions,
except fire-rated walls and partitions. Apply an aluminum jacket with factory-applied moisture barrier
over insulation. Extend 2 inches (50 mm) from both surfaces of wall or partition. Secure aluminum
jacket with metal bands at both ends. Seal ends of jacket with vapor barrier coating. Seal around
penetration with joint sealer. Refer to Division 7 Section "Joint Sealants."
G. Exterior Wall Penetrations: For penetrations of below grade exterior walls, extend metal jacket for
exterior insulation through penetration to a point 2 inches (50 mm) from interior surface of wall inside
the building. Seal ends of metal jacket with vapor barrier coating. Secure metal jacket ends with metal
band. At point where insulation metal jacket contacts mechanical sleeve seal, insert cellular glass
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preformed pipe insulation to allow sleeve seal tightening against metal jacket. Tighten and seal sleeve
to jacket to form a watertight seal.
H. Fire-Rated Walls and Partitions Penetrations: Terminate insulation at penetrations through fire-rated
walls and partitions. Seal insulation ends with vapor barrier coating. Seal around penetration with
firestopping or fire-resistant joint sealer.
I.
Flanges, Fittings, and Valves - Interior Exposed and Concealed: Coat pipe insulation ends with vapor
barrier coating. Apply premolded, precut, or field-fabricated segments of insulation around flanges,
unions, valves, and fittings. Make joints tight. Bond with adhesive.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
J.
Hangers and Anchors: Apply insulation continuously through hangers and around anchor attachments.
Install saddles, shields, and inserts as specified in Division 15 Section "Supports and Anchors." For
cold surface piping, extend insulation on anchor legs a minimum of 12 inches (300 mm) and taper and
seal insulation ends.
1.
3.04
Use same material and thickness as adjacent pipe insulation.
Overlap nesting insulation by 2 inches (50 mm) or 1-pipe diameter, which ever is greater.
Apply materials with adhesive, fill voids with mineral fiber insulating cement. Secure with wire or
tape.
Insulate elbows and tees smaller than 3 inches (DN 75) pipe size with premolded insulation.
Insulate elbows and tees 3 inches (DN 75) and larger with premolded insulation or insulation
material segments. Use at least 3 segments for each elbow.
Cover insulation, except for metal jacketed insulation, with PVC fitting covers and seal
circumferential joints with butt strips.
Cover insulation, except for metal jacketed insulation, with 2 layers of lagging adhesive to a
minimum thickness of 1/16 inch (1.6 mm). Install glass cloth between layers. Overlap adjacent
insulation by 2 inches (50 mm) in both directions from joint with glass cloth and lagging adhesive.
Inserts and Shields: Cover hanger inserts and shields with jacket material matching adjacent pipe
insulation.
CELLULAR GLASS PIPE INSULATION INSTALLATION
A. Cellular Glass Insulation: Join sections of cellular glass insulation with vapor barrier compound.
Secure insulation with manufacturer's recommended adhesive. Seal joints with manufacturer's
recommended joint sealer.
1.
2.
3.05
Multiple Layer Installations: Stagger joints of multilayer installations. Secure inner layer with
glass fiber reinforced tape. Secure outer layers with 2 metal bands for each insulation section.
Finishing: Apply metal jacket over manufacturer's recommended vapor barrier mastic over
exterior installations.
FLEXIBLE ELASTOMERIC CELLULAR PIPE INSULATION INSTALLATION
A. Slip insulation on the pipe before making connections wherever possible. Seal joints with adhesive.
Where the slip-on technique is not possible, cut one side longitudinally and apply to the pipe. Seal
seams and joints with adhesive.
B. Valves, Fittings, and Flanges: Cut insulation segments from pipe or sheet insulation. Bond to valve,
fitting, and flange and seal joints with adhesive.
1.
Miter cut materials to cover soldered elbows and tees.
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2.
3.06
Fabricate sleeve fitting covers from flexible elastomeric cellular insulation for screwed valves,
fittings, and specialties. Miter cut materials. Overlap adjoining pipe insulation.
GLASS FIBER EQUIPMENT INSULATION INSTALLATION
A. Secure insulation with anchor pins and speed washers.
B. Space anchors at maximum intervals of 18 inches (450 mm) in both directions and not more than 3
inches (75 mm) from edges and joints.
C. Apply a smoothing coat of insulating and finishing cement to finished insulation.
3.07
CELLULAR GLASS EQUIPMENT INSULATION INSTALLATION
A. Join sections of insulation with vapor barrier compound.
B. Secure insulation with manufacturer's recommended adhesive. Seal joints with manufacturer's
recommended joint sealer.
C. Secure inner layer of multiple layer installations with glass fiber reinforced tape. Secure outer layers
with 2 metal bands for each insulation section.
3.08
DUCT INSULATION
A. Install block and board insulation as follows:
1.
2.
Adhesive and Band Attachment: Secure block and board insulation tight and smooth with at least
50 percent coverage of adhesive. Install bands spaced 12 inches (300 mm) apart. Protect
insulation under bands and at exterior corners with metal corner angles. Fill joints, seams, and
chipped edges with vapor barrier compound.
Speed Washers Attachment: Secure insulation tight and smooth with speed washers and welded
pins. Space anchor pins 18 inches (450 mm) apart each way and 3 inches (75 mm) from insulation
joints. Apply vapor barrier coating compound to insulation in contact, open joints, breaks,
punctures, and voids in insulation.
B. Blanket Insulation: Install tight and smooth. Secure to ducts having long sides or diameters as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.09
Smaller Than 24 Inches (610 mm): Bonding adhesive applied in 6 inches (150 mm) wide
transverse strips on 12 inches (300 mm) centers.
24 Inches (610 mm) and Larger: Anchor pins spaced 12 inches (300 mm) apart each way. Apply
bonding adhesive to prevent sagging of the insulation.
Overlap joints 3 inches (75 mm).
Seal joints, breaks, and punctures with vapor barrier compound.
JACKETS
A. Foil and Paper Jackets (FP): Install jackets drawn tight. Install lap or butt strips at joints with material
same as jacket. Secure with adhesive. Install jackets with 1-1/2 inches (40 mm) laps at longitudinal
joints and 3 inch (75 mm) wide butt strips at end joints.
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1.
Seal openings, punctures, and breaks in vapor barrier jackets and exposed insulation with vapor
barrier compound.
B. Interior Exposed Insulation: Install jacket type scheduled.
C. Install metal jacket with 2 inches (50 mm) overlap at longitudinal and butt joints. Overlap longitudinal
joints to shed water. Seal butt joints with weatherproof sealant recommended by insulation
manufacturer. Secure jacket with stainless-steel draw bands 12 inches (300 mm) on center and at butt
joints.
D. Install glass cloth jacket directly over insulation. On insulation with a factory applied jacket, install the
glass cloth jacket over the factory applied jacket. Install jacket drawn smooth and tight with a 2 inch
(50 mm) overlap at joints. Embed glass cloth between (2) 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) thick coats of lagging
adhesive. Completely encapsulate the insulation with the jacket, leaving no exposed raw insulation and
completely cover with adhesive.
3.10
FINISHES
A. Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Insulation: After adhesive has fully cured, apply 2 coats of protective
coating to exposed insulation.
3.11
APPLICATIONS
A. General: Materials and thicknesses are specified in schedules at the end of this Section.
B. Interior, Exposed Piping Systems: Unless otherwise indicated, insulate the following piping systems:
1.
2.
Refrigerant suction.
Chilled water (35° to 65°F).
C. Interior, Concealed Piping Systems: Unless otherwise indicated, insulate the following piping systems:
1.
2.
Refrigerant suction.
Chilled water (35 to 55 deg F (1.7 to 12.8 deg C)).
D. Exterior, Exposed Piping Systems: Unless otherwise indicated, insulate the following piping systems:
1.
2.
Refrigerant suction.
Chilled water (35 to 55 deg F (1.7 to 12.8 deg C)).
E. Exterior, Concealed Piping Systems: Unless otherwise indicated, insulate the following piping
systems:
1.
2.
F.
Refrigerant suction.
Chilled water (35 to 55 deg F (1.7 to 12.8 deg C)).
Duct Systems: Unless otherwise indicated, insulate the following duct systems:
1.
2.
Interior concealed supply, return and outside air ductwork.
Interior exposed supply, return and outside air ductwork.
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3.12
PIPE INSULATION SCHEDULES
A. General: Abbreviations used in the following schedules include:
1.
2.
Field-Applied Jackets: P - PVC, K - Foil and Paper, A - Aluminum, SS - Stainless Steel.
Pipe Sizes: NPS - Nominal Pipe Size (DN - Nominal Dimension).
INTERIOR CHILLED WATER (35 TO 65 DEG F) EXPOSED AND CONCEALED
PIPE SIZES
(NPS)
MATERIALS
THICKNESS IN
INCHES
VAPOR
BARRIER
REQ'D
FIELD-APPLIED
JACKET
1/2 TO 1-1/4
CELLULAR GLASS
1-½ ”
YES
NONE
1-1/2 TO 4
CELLULAR GLASS
2”
YES
NONE
5 TO 10
CELLULAR GLASS
2-1/2”
YES
NONE
INTERIOR REFRIGERANT SUCTION EXPOSED AND CONCEALED
PIPE SIZES
(NPS)
MATERIALS
THICKNESS IN
INCHES
VAPOR
BARRIER
REQ'D
FIELD-APPLIED
JACKET
1/2 TO 1-1/4
FLEXIBLE ELASTOMERIC
¾”
YES
NONE
1-1/2 TO 4
FLEXIBLE ELASTOMERIC
1”
YES
NONE
EXTERIOR CHILLED WATER (35 TO 65 DEG F) EXPOSED AND CONCEALED
PIPE SIZES
(NPS)
MATERIALS
THICKNESS IN
INCHES
VAPOR
BARRIER
REQ'D
FIELD-APPLIED
JACKET
1/2 TO 1-1/4
CELLULAR GLASS
2”
YES
SS
1-1/2 TO 4
CELLULAR GLASS
2-1/2”
YES
SS
5 TO 10
CELLULAR GLASS
3”
YES
SS
EXTERIOR REFRIGERANT SUCTION EXPOSED AND CONCEALED
PIPE SIZES
(NPS)
MATERIALS
THICKNESS IN
INCHES
VAPOR
BARRIER
REQ'D
FIELD-APPLIED
JACKET
1/2 TO 1-1/4
FLEXIBLE ELASTOMERIC
1”
YES
P
1-1/2 TO 4
FLEXIBLE ELASTOMERIC
1”
YES
P
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3.13
DUCT SYSTEMS INSULATION SCHEDULE
INTERIOR CONCEALED HVAC SUPPLY AND RETURN AND OUTSIDE AIR DUCTS AND PLENUMS
MATERIAL
FORM
GLASS FIBER
BLANKET
THICKNESS IN
INCHES
2”
VAPOR
BARRIER
REQ'D
FIELD-APPLIED
JACKET
YES
NONE
INTERIOR EXPOSED HVAC SUPPLY AND RETURN AND OUTSIDE AIR DUCTS AND PLENUMS
MATERIAL
FORM
THICKNESS IN
INCHES
VAPOR
BARRIER
REQ'D
FIELD-APPLIED
JACKET
GLASS FIBER
GLASS FIBER
BOARD - RECT.
PIPE - ROUND
2”
2”
YES
YES
NONE
NONE
END OF SECTION 15250
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SECTION 15855 - DIFFUSERS, REGISTERS, AND GRILLES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and
Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.02
SUMMARY
A. This Section includes ceiling- and wall-mounted diffusers, registers, and grilles.
1.03
DEFINITIONS
A. Diffuser: Square, or rectangular air distribution outlet, generally located in the ceiling and comprised of
deflecting members discharging supply air in various directions and planes and arranged to promote
mixing of primary air with secondary room air.
B. Grille: A louvered or perforated covering for an opening in an air passage, which can be located in a
sidewall, ceiling, or floor.
C. Register: A combination grille and damper assembly over an air opening.
1.04
SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: For each model indicated, include the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Data Sheet: For each type of air outlet and inlet, and accessory furnished; indicate construction,
finish, and mounting details.
Performance Data: Include throw and drop, static-pressure drop, and noise ratings for each type of
air outlet and inlet.
Schedule of diffusers, registers, and grilles indicating drawing designation, room location,
quantity, model number, size, and accessories furnished.
Assembly Drawing: For each type of air outlet and inlet; indicate materials and methods of
assembly of components.
B. Coordination Drawings: Reflected ceiling plans and wall elevations drawn to scale to show locations
and coordination of diffusers, registers, and grilles with other items installed in ceilings and walls.
1.05
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Product Options: Drawings and schedules indicate specific requirements of diffusers, registers, and
grilles and are based on the specific requirements of the systems indicated. Other manufacturers'
products with equal performance characteristics may be considered. Refer to Division 1 Section
"Substitutions."
B. NFPA Compliance: Install diffusers, registers, and grilles according to NFPA 90A, "Standard for the
Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems."
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PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01
MANUFACTURERS
A. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide air distribution by the following:
1.
2.02
Titus.
SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
A. Testing: Test performance according to ASHRAE 70, "Method of Testing for Rating the Performance
of Air Outlets and Inlets."
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01
EXAMINATION
A. Examine areas where diffusers, registers, and grilles are to be installed for compliance with
requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting performance of equipment. Do
not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
B. Prior to submittal, review plans and existing conditions to ensure grilles are compatible with ceilings.
3.2
INSTALLATION
A. Install diffusers, registers, and grilles level and plumb, according to manufacturer's written instructions,
Coordination Drawings, original design, and referenced standards.
B. Ceiling-Mounted Outlets and Inlets: Drawings indicate general arrangement of ducts, fittings, and
accessories. Air outlet and inlet locations have been indicated to achieve design requirements for air
volume, noise criteria, airflow pattern, throw, and pressure drop. Make final locations where indicated,
as much as practicable. For units installed in lay-in ceiling panels, locate units in the center of the
panel. Where architectural features or other items conflict with installation, notify Architect for a
determination of final location.
C. Install diffusers, registers, and grilles with airtight connection to ducts and to allow service and
maintenance of dampers, air extractors, and fire dampers.
3.3
ADJUSTING
A. After installation, adjust diffusers, registers, and grilles to air patterns indicated, or as directed, before
starting air balancing.
3.4
CLEANING
A. After installation of diffusers, registers, and grilles, inspect exposed finish. Clean exposed surfaces to
remove burrs, dirt, and smudges. Replace diffusers, registers, and grilles that have damaged finishes.
END OF SECTION 15855
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SECTION 15891 - METAL DUCTWORK
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and
Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.02
SUMMARY
A. This Section includes rectangular, round, and flat-oval metal ducts and plenums for heating, ventilating,
and air conditioning systems in pressure classes from up to plus 10 inches water gage.
1.03
DEFINITIONS
A. Sealing Requirements Definitions: For the purposes of duct systems sealing requirements specified in
this Section, the following definitions apply:
1.
2.
1.04
Seams: A seam is defined as joining of two longitudinally (in the direction of airflow) oriented
edges of duct surface material occurring between two joints. All other duct surface connections
made on the perimeter are deemed to be joints.
Joints: Joints include girth joints; branch and subbranch intersections; so-called duct collar tapins; fitting subsections; louver and air terminal connections to ducts; access door and access panel
frames and jambs; duct, plenum, and casing abutments to building structures.
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
A. The duct system design, as indicated, has been used to select and size air moving and distribution
equipment and other components of the air system. Changes or alterations to the layout or
configuration of the duct system must be specifically approved in writing. Accompany requests for
layout modifications with calculations showing that the proposed layout will provide the original design
results without increasing the system total pressure.
1.05
SUBMITTALS
A. General: Submit the following in accordance with Conditions of Contract and Division 1 Specification
Sections.
B. Product data including details of construction relative to materials, dimensions of individual
components, profiles, and finishes for the following items:
1.
2.
Sealing Materials.
Fire-Stopping Materials.
C. Shop drawings from duct fabrication shop, drawn to a scale not smaller than 1/4 inch equals 1 foot, on
drawing sheets same size as the Contract Drawings, detailing:
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Fabrication, assembly, and installation details, including plans, elevations, sections, details of
components, and attachments to other work.
Duct layout, indicating pressure classifications and sizes in plan view.
Fittings.
Reinforcing details and spacing.
Seam and joint construction details.
Penetrations through fire-rated and other partitions.
Coil, air handling unit, fan coil unit, VAV units, fan terminal unit and exhaust fan installations.
Hangers and supports, including methods for building attachment, vibration isolation, and duct
attachment.
Lighting, ceiling fans and all other ceiling penetrating equipment locations.
Location of all other systems installed in the same space with the duct systems.
Location of ceiling- and wall-mounted access doors and panels required to provide access to
dampers and other operating devices.
Mechanical rooms indicating all duct, piping and electrical equipment.
Sections of mechanical rooms, corridors, and teacher plan areas where fan powered units are
above.
D. Welding certificates including welding procedures specifications, welding procedures qualifications
test records, and welders' qualifications test records complying with requirements specified in "Quality
Assurance" below.
E. Record drawings including duct systems routing, fittings details, reinforcing, support, and installed
accessories and devices, in accordance with Division 15 Section "Basic Mechanical Requirements" and
Division 1.
F.
1.06
Maintenance data for volume control devices, and fire dampers in accordance with Division 15 Section
"Basic Mechanical Requirements" and Division 1.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Qualify welding processes and welding operators in accordance with AWS D1.1 "Structural Welding
Code - Steel" for hangers and supports and AWS D9.1 "Sheet Metal Welding Code."
B. Qualify each welder in accordance with AWS qualification tests for welding processes involved.
Certify that their qualification is current.
C. NFPA Compliance: Comply with the following NFPA Standards:
1.
1.07
NFPA 90A, "Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems," except as
indicated otherwise.
DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Deliver sealant and fire-stopping materials to site in original unopened containers or bundles with
labels informing about manufacturer, product name and designation, color, expiration period for use,
pot life, curing time, and mixing instructions for multi-component materials.
B. Store and handle sealant fire-stopping materials in compliance with manufacturers' recommendations to
prevent their deterioration or damage due to moisture, high or low temperatures, contaminants, or other
causes.
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PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01
SHEET METAL MATERIALS
A. Sheet Metal, General: Provide sheet metal in thicknesses indicated, packaged and marked as specified
in ASTM A 700.
B. Galvanized Sheet Steel: Lock-forming quality, ASTM A 527, Coating Designation G 90. Provide mill
phosphatized finish for exposed surfaces of ducts exposed to view.
C. Reinforcement Shapes and Plates: Unless otherwise indicated, provide galvanized steel reinforcing
where installed on galvanized sheet metal ducts.
D. Tie Rods: Galvanized steel, 1/4-inch minimum diameter for 36-inch length or less; 3/8-inch minimum
diameter for lengths longer than 36 inches.
2.02
SEALING MATERIALS
A. Joint and Seam Sealants, General: The term sealant used here is not limited to materials of adhesive or
mastic nature, but also includes tapes and combinations of open weave fabric strips and mastics.
B. Joint and Seam Tape: 2 inches wide, glass-fiber-fabric reinforced.
C. Tape Sealing System: Woven-fiber tape impregnated with a gypsum mineral compound and a modified
acrylic/silicone activator to react exothermically with the tape to form a hard, durable, airtight seal.
D. Joint and Seam Sealant: One-part, nonsag, solvent-release-curing, polymerized butyl sealant
complying with FS TT-S-001657, Type I; formulated with a minimum of 75 percent solids.
E. Flanged Joint Mastics: One-part, acid-curing, silicone elastomeric joint sealants, complying with
ASTM C 920, Type S, Grade NS, Class 25, Use O.
2.03
FIRE-STOPPING
A. Fire-Resistant Sealant: Provide one-part elastomeric sealant formulated for use in a throughpenetration fire-stop system for filling openings around duct penetrations through walls and floors,
having fire- resistance ratings indicated as established by testing identical assemblies per ASTM E
814 by Underwriters Laboratory, Inc. or other testing and inspecting agency acceptable to authorities
having jurisdiction. Fire resistant sealant must be approved and installed in accordance with local code
requirements.
B. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
"Dow Corning Fire Stop Foam"; Dow Corning Corp.
"Pensil 851"; General Electric Co.
"Dow Corning Fire Stop Sealant"; Dow Corning Corp.
"3M Fire Barrier Caulk CP-25"; Electrical Products Div./3M.
"RTV 7403"; General Electric Co.
"Fyre Putty"; Standard Oil Engineered Materials Co.
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2.04
HANGERS AND SUPPORTS
A. Building Attachments: Concrete inserts, powder actuated fasteners, or structural steel fasteners
appropriate for building materials. Do not use powder actuated concrete fasteners for lightweight
aggregate concretes or for slabs less than 4 inches thick.
B. Hangers: Galvanized sheet steel, or round, uncoated steel, threaded rod.
1.
2.
Hangers Installed In Corrosive Atmospheres: Electro-galvanized, all-thread rod or hot-dippedgalvanized rods with threads painted after installation.
Straps and Rod Sizes: Conform with Table 4-1 in SMACNA HVAC Duct Construction Standards,
1985 Edition, for sheet steel width and gage and steel rod diameters.
C. Duct Attachments: Sheet metal screws, blind rivets, or self-tapping metal screws; compatible with duct
materials.
D. Trapeze and Riser Supports: Steel shapes conforming to ASTM A 36.
1.
2.05
Where galvanized steel ducts are installed, provide hot-dipped-galvanized steel shapes and plates.
RECTANGULAR DUCT FABRICATION
A. General: Except as otherwise indicated, fabricate rectangular ducts with galvanized sheet steel, in
accordance with SMACNA "HVAC Duct Construction Standards," Tables 1-3 through 1-19, including
their associated details. Conform to the requirements in the referenced standard for metal thickness,
reinforcing types and intervals, tie rod applications, and joint types and intervals.
1.
2.
Fabricate rectangular ducts in lengths appropriate to reinforcement and rigidity class required for
pressure classification.
Provide materials that are free from visual imperfections such as pitting, seam marks, roller marks,
stains, and discolorations.
B. Static Pressure Classifications: Except where otherwise indicated, construct duct systems to the
following pressure classifications:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Supply ducts upstream of VAV and fan powered terminal units: 6 inches water gage.
All other Supply Ducts: 2 inches water gage.
Return Ducts: 2 inches water gage, negative pressure.
Exhaust Ducts: 2 inches water gage, negative pressure.
C. Crossbreaking or Cross Beading: Crossbreak or bead duct sides that are 19 inches and larger and are
20 gage or less, with more than 10 sq. ft. of unbraced panel area, as indicated in SMACNA "HVAC
Duct Construction Standard," Figure 1-4, unless they are lined or are externally insulated.
2.06
RECTANGULAR DUCT FITTINGS
A. Fabricate elbows, transitions, offsets, branch connections, and other duct construction in accordance
with SMACNA "HVAC Metal Duct Construction Standard," 1985 Edition, Figures 2-1 through 2-10.
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2.07
ROUND AND FLAT OVAL DUCT FABRICATION
A. General: "Basic Round Diameter" as used in this article is the diameter of the size of round duct that
has a circumference equal to the perimeter of a given sized of flat oval duct. Except where interrupted
by fittings, provide round and flat oval ducts in lengths not less than 12 feet.
B. Round Ducts: Fabricate round supply ducts with spiral lockseam construction, except where diameters
exceed 72 inches. Fabricate ducts having diameters greater than 72 inches with longitudinal buttwelded seams. Comply with SMACNA "HVAC Duct Construction Standards," Table 3-2 for
galvanized steel gages.
C. Round Ducts: Fabricate round supply ducts using seam types identified in SMACNA "HVAC Duct
Construction Standards," 1985 Edition, Figure 3-1, RL-1, RL-4, or RL-5. Seams Types RL-2 or RL-3
may be used if spot-welded on 1-inch intervals. Comply with SMACNA "HVAC Duct Construction
Standards," Table 3-2 for galvanized steel gages.
D. Flat Oval Ducts: Fabricate flat oval supply ducts with standard spiral lockseams (without intermediate
ribs) or with butt-welded longitudinal seams in gages listed in SMACNA "HVAC Duct Construction
Standards," Table 3-4.
2.08
ROUND AND FLAT OVAL SUPPLY AND RETURN FITTINGS FABRICATION
A. 90-Degree Tees and Laterals and Conical Tees: Fabricate to conform to SMACNA "HVAC Duct
Construction Standards," 1985 Edition, Figures 3-4 and 3-5 and with metal thicknesses specified for
longitudinal seam straight duct.
B. Diverging-Flow Fittings: Fabricate with a reduced entrance to branch taps with no excess material
projecting from the body onto branch tap entrance.
C. Elbows: Fabricate in die-formed, gored, pleated, or mitered construction. Fabricate the bend radius of
die-formed, gored, and pleated elbows 1.5 times the elbow diameter. Unless elbow construction type is
indicated, provide elbows meeting the following requirements:
1.
Mitered Elbows: Fabricate mitered elbows with welded construction in gages specified below.
a.
b.
Mitered Elbows Radius and Number of Pieces: Unless otherwise indicated, construct elbow
to comply with SMACNA "HVAC Duct Construction Standards," Table 3-1.
Round Mitered Elbows: Solid welded and with metal thickness listed below for pressure
classes from minus 2 inches to plus 2 inches:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
c.
3 to 26 inches: 24 gage.
27 to 36 inches: 22 gage.
37 to 50 inches: 20 gage.
52 to 60 inches: 18 gage.
62 to 84 inches: 16 gage.
Round Mitered Elbows: Solid welded and with metal thickness listed below for pressure
classes from 2 inches to 10 inches:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
3 to 14 inches: 24 gage.
15 to 26 inches: 22 gage.
27 to 50 inches: 20 gage.
52 to 60 inches: 18 gage.
62 to 84 inches: 16 gage.
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d.
e.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Flat Oval Mitered Elbows: Solid welded and with the same metal thickness as longitudinal
seam flat oval duct.
90-Degree, 2-Piece, Mitered Elbows: Use only for supply systems, or exhaust systems for
material handling classes A and B; and only where space restrictions do not permit the use of
1.5 bend radius elbows. Fabricate with a single-thickness turning vanes.
Round Elbows - 8 Inches and Smaller: Die-formed elbows for 45- and 90-degree elbows and
pleated elbows for 30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees only. Fabricate nonstandard bend angle
configurations or 1/2-inch-diameter (e.g. 3-1/2- and 4-1/2-inch) elbows with gored construction.
Round Elbows - 9 Through 14 Inches: Gored or pleated elbows for 30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees,
except where space restrictions require a mitered elbow. Fabricate nonstandard bend angle
configurations or 1/2-inch-diameter (e.g. 9-1/2- and 10-1/2-inch) elbows with gored construction.
Round Elbows - Larger Than 14 Inches and All Flat Oval Elbows: Gored elbows, except where
space restrictions require a mitered elbow.
Die-Formed Elbows for Sizes Through 8 Inches and All Pressures: 20 gage with 2-piece welded
construction.
Round Gored Elbows Gages: Same as for nonelbow fittings specified above.
Flat Oval Elbows Gages: Same as longitudinal seam flat oval duct.
Pleated Elbows Sizes Through 14 Inches and Pressures Through 10 Inches: 26 gage.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01
DUCT INSTALLATION, GENERAL
A. Duct System Pressure Class: Construct and install each duct system for the specific duct pressure
classification indicated.
B. Install ducts with the fewest possible joints.
C. Use fabricated fittings for all changes in directions, changes in size and shape, and connections.
D. Install couplings tight to duct wall surface with projections into duct at connections kept to a minimum.
E. Locate ducts, except as otherwise indicated, vertically and horizontally, parallel and perpendicular to
building lines; avoid diagonal runs. Install duct systems in shortest route that does not obstruct useable
space or block access for servicing building and its equipment.
F.
Install ducts close to walls, overhead construction, columns, and other structural and permanent
enclosure elements of building.
G. Provide clearance of 1 inch where furring is shown for enclosure or concealment of ducts, plus
allowance for insulation thickness, if any.
H. Install insulated ducts with 1-inch clearance outside of insulation wherever possible.
I.
Conceal ducts from view in finished and occupied spaces by locating in mechanical shafts, hollow wall
construction, or above suspended ceilings. Do not encase horizontal runs in solid partitions, except as
specifically shown.
J.
Coordinate layout with suspended ceiling and lighting layouts and similar finished work.
K. Electrical Equipment Spaces: Route ductwork to avoid passing through transformer vaults and
electrical equipment spaces and enclosures.
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L. Non-Fire-Rated Partition Penetrations: Where ducts pass interior partitions and exterior walls, and are
exposed to view, conceal space between construction opening and duct or duct insulation with sheet
metal flanges of same gage as duct. Overlap opening on 4 sides by at least 1-1/2 inches.
3.02
SEAM AND JOINT SEALING
A. General: Seal duct seams and joints as follows:
B. Seal all transverse joints, longitudinal seams, duct penetrations and duct connections to mechanical
equipment.
C. Seal externally insulated ducts prior to insulation installation.
3.03
HANGING AND SUPPORTING
A. Install rigid round, rectangular, and flat oval metal duct with support systems indicated in SMACNA
"HVAC Duct Construction Standards," Tables 4-1 through 4-3 and Figures 4-1 through 4-8.
B. Support horizontal ducts within 2 feet of each elbow and within 4 feet of each branch intersection.
C. Upper attachments to structures shall have an allowable load not exceeding 1/4 of the failure (proof
test) load but are not limited to the specific methods indicated.
D. Install concrete insert prior to placing concrete.
E. Install powder actuated concrete fasteners after concrete is placed and completely cured.
3.04
CONNECTIONS
A. Equipment Connections: Connect equipment with flexible connectors in accordance with Division 15
Section "Duct Accessories."
B. Branch Connections: Comply with SMACNA "HVAC Duct Construction Standards," Figures 2-7 and
2-8.
C. Outlet and Inlet Connections: Comply with SMACNA "HVAC Duct Construction Standards," Figures
2-16 through 2-18.
D. Terminal Units Connections: Comply with SMACNA "HVAC Duct Construction Standards," Figure
2-19.
3.05
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Disassemble, reassemble, and seal segments of the systems as required to accommodate leakage
testing, and as required for compliance with test requirements.
B. Conduct tests, in the presence of the Engineer and Test and Balance Coordinator, at static pressures
equal to the maximum design pressure of the system or the section being tested. If pressure
classifications are not indicated, test entire system at the maximum system design pressure. Do not
pressurize systems above the maximum design operating pressure. Give 7 days' advanced notice for
testing.
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C. Determine leakage from entire system or section of the system by relating leakage to the surface area of
the test section.
D. Maximum Allowable Leakage: As described in ASHRAE 1989 Handbook, "Fundamentals" Volume,
Chapter 32, Table 6 and Figure 10. Comply with requirements for leakage classification 3 for round
and flat oval ducts, leakage classification 12 for rectangular ducts in pressure classifications less than
and equal to 2 inches water gage (both positive and negative pressures), and leakage classification 6 for
pressure classifications greater than 2 inches water gage and less than and equal to 10 inches water
gage.
E. Remake leaking joints as required and apply sealants to achieve specified maximum allowable leakage.
F.
3.06
Leakage Test: Perform volumetric measurements and adjust air systems as described in ASHRAE
1987 "HVAC Systems and Applications" Volume, Chapter 57 and ASHRAE 1989 "Fundamentals"
Volume, Chapter 13, and Division 15 Section "TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING."
ADJUSTING AND CLEANING
A. Adjust volume control devices as required by the testing and balancing procedures to achieve required
air flow. Refer to Division 15 Section "TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING" for
requirements and procedures for adjusting and balancing air systems.
B. Vacuum ducts systems prior to final acceptance to remove any dust and debris.
END OF SECTION 15891
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SECTION 15898 - AIR PURIFICATION SYSTEM
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
DESCRIPTION OF WORK
A. This section describes the design, performance and installation of an air purification system intended for
use as part of another manufacturer’s air handling unit or mounted on the duct as shown on the plans,
details and equipment schedules.
1.2
REFERENCED CODES & STANDARDS
A. The following codes and standards are referenced through out. The edition to be used is that currently
enforced by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) or in absence of such direction that referenced by the
current enforceable IBC code or as indicated by the contract documents, except where specifically
referenced by this section of the specifications.
1.
2.
3.
1.3
ASHRAE Standards 62 & 52
National Electric Code NFPA 70
UL 867
RELATED WORK
A. Testing, Adjusting and Balancing
B. Facility Access and Protection
C. Ductwork
D. Filters
E. Water and Refrigerant Piping
F.
Electrical Wiring
G. Control Wiring
1.4
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. The Air Purification System shall be a product of an established manufacturer within the USA.
B. A qualified representative from the manufacturer shall be available to inspect the installation of the air
purification system to ensure installation in accordance with manufacturer's recommendation.
C. Technologies that do not address gas disassociation such as UV Lights, Powered Particulate Filters and/or
polarized media filters shall not be considered. Uni-polar ion generators shall not be acceptable.
“Plasma” particulate filters shall not be acceptable.
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D. Projects designed using ASHRAE Standard 62, IAQ Procedure shall require the manufacturer to provide
Indoor Air Quality calculations using the formulas within ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 to validate
acceptable indoor air quality at the quantity of outside air scheduled with the technology submitted. The
manufacturer shall provide independent test data on a previous installation in a similar application, that
proves compliance to ASHRAE 62 and the accuracy of the calculations.
1.5
SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: Submit manufacturer's technical product data for ion generators including:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Schedule of plasma generators indicating unit designation, number of each type required for each
unit/application.
Data sheet for each type of plasma generator, and accessory furnished; indicating construction, sizes,
and mounting details.
Performance data for each type of plasma device furnished.
Indoor Air Quality calculations using the formulas within ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 to validate
acceptable indoor air quality at the quantity of outside air scheduled (when projects are designed
with outside air reduction).
Product drawings detailing all physical, electrical and control requirements.
B. Operating & Maintenance Data: Submit O&M data and recommended spare parts lists.
1.6
PRODUCT DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
A. Deliver in factory fabricated shipping containers. Identify on outside of container type of product and
location to be installed. Avoid crushing or bending.
B. Store in original cartons and protect from weather and construction work traffic.
C. Store indoors and in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendation for storage.
1.7
WARRANTY
A. Equipment shall be warranted by the manufacturer against defects in material and workmanship for a
period of twelve months after shipment or eighteen months from owner acceptance, whichever occurs first.
Labor to replace equipment under warranty shall be provided by the owner or installing contractor.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
GENERAL
A. The air purification system(s) shall be of the size, type, arrangement and capacity indicated and
required by the unit furnished and shall be of the manufacturers specified.
B. Acceptable Manufacturers: Plasma Air, Global Plasma Solutions.
C. All other Suppliers of comparable products requesting prior approval shall:
1.
Submit for prior approval in accordance with the requirements of Section 15010.
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2.
2.2
In addition, manufacturers submitting for prior approval for Bi-Polar Ionization must as part of the
prior approval request provide their ASHRAE 62.1-2007 calculations that prove conformance to the
ASHRAE Standard with the reduction of outside air to the scheduled values. A letter on the
manufacturer’s letterhead requesting prior approval must accompany the request for prior approval
stating their calculations are ASHRAE compliant. A third party validation study performed on a
previous installation of the same application shall also be included.
BI-POLAR IONIZATION DESIGN & PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
A. Each piece of air handling equipment, so designated on the plans, details, equipment schedules and/or
specifications shall contain a Plasma Generator with Bi-polar Ionization output as described here within.
B. The Bi-polar Ionization system shall be capable of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Effectively killing microorganisms downstream of the bi-polar ionization equipment (mold, bacteria,
virus, etc.).
Controlling gas phase contaminants generated from human occupants, building structure, furnishings
and outside air contaminants.
Capable of reducing static space charges.
Effectively reducing space particle counts.
C. The bi-polar ionization system shall operate in a manner such that equal amounts of positive and
negative ions are produced. Uni-polar ion devices shall not be acceptable.
1.
2.
Air exchange rates may vary through the full operating range of a constant volume or VAV system.
The quantity of air exchange shall not be increased due to requirements of the air purification
system.
Velocity Profile: The air purification device shall not have maximum velocity profile.
D. Humidity: Plasma Generators shall not require preheat protection when the relative humidity of the
entering air exceeds 85%. Relative humidity from 0 - 100%, condensing, shall not cause damage,
deterioration or dangerous conditions within the air purification system.
E. Equipment Requirements:
1.
Electrode Specifications (Bi-polar Ionization):
a.
b.
c.
F.
Each Plasma Generator with Bi-polar Ionization output shall include the required number of
electrodes and power generators sized to the air handling equipment capacity. Bi-polar
ionization tubes manufactured of glass and steel mesh shall not be acceptable due to replacement
requirements, maintenance, performance output reduction over time, ozone production and
corrosion.
Electrodes shall be energized when the main unit disconnect is turned on and the fan is operating.
Manufacture shall demonstrate that no voltage potential exists due to exposed electrical
components.
Air Handler Mounted Units:
1. Where so indicated on the plans and/or schedules Plasma Generator(s) shall be supplied and installed.
The mechanical contractor shall mount the Plasma Generator and associated power supplies. All
interconnecting wiring shall be UL and NEC NFPA 70 approved. Electrical contractor shall provide a
[<120Volt>, <230 Volt>] circuit to the ion generators.
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G. Ionization Requirements:
1.
Plasma Generators with Bi-polar ionization output shall be capable of controlling gas phase
contaminants and shall be provided for all equipment listed above.
a.
b.
c.
2.
The Bi-polar ionization system shall consist of Bi-Polar Plasma Generator and power supply.
The Bi-polar system shall be installed where indicated on the plans or specified to be installed.
The device shall be capable of being powered by 110VAC to 208VAC to 240VAC without the
use of an external transformer. Ionization systems requiring isolation transformers shall not be
acceptable.
Ionization Output: The ionization output shall be controlled such that an equal number of
positive and negative ions are produced. Imbalanced levels shall not be acceptable.
Ionization output from each electrode shall be a minimum of 15 million ions/cc when tested at 2”
from the ionization generator.
Ozone Generation:
a.
The operation of the electrodes or Bi-polar ionization units shall conform to UL 867-2007 with
respect to ozone generation.
H. Electrical Requirements:
1.
I.
Wiring, conduit and junction boxes shall be installed within housing plenums in accordance with
NEC NFPA 70. Plasma Generator shall accept an electrical service of 115 VAC to 240VAC, 1
phase, 50/60 Hz.
Control Requirements:
1.
2.
All Plasma Generators shall have internal short circuit protection, overload protection, and automatic
fault reset.
The installing contractor shall mount and wire the Plasma device within the air handling unit specified
or as shown or the plans. The contractor shall follow all manufacturer IOM instructions during
installation.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
GENERAL
A. The Contractor shall be responsible for maintaining all air systems until the owner accepts the building
(Owner Acceptance).
3.2
ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION: PLASMA GENERATOR WITH BI-POLAR IONIZATION
A. All equipment shall be assembled and installed in a workman like manner to the satisfaction of the owner,
architect, and engineer.
B. Any material damaged by handling, water or moisture shall be replaced, by the mechanical contractor, at
no cost to the owner.
C. All equipment shall be protected from dust and damage on a daily basis throughout construction.
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3.3
TESTING
A. Provide the manufacturers recommended electrical tests.
3.4
COMMISSIONING AND TRAINING
A. A manufacturer's authorized representative shall provide start-up supervision and training of owner's
personnel in the proper operation and maintenance of all equipment.
END OF SECTION 15898
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SECTION 15910 - DUCT ACCESSORIES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and
Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.02
SUMMARY
A. This Section includes the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.03
Backdraft dampers.
Manual volume control dampers.
Fire dampers.
Actuators.
Turning vanes.
Duct-mounted access doors and panels.
Flexible connectors.
Flexible ducts.
Accessories hardware.
SUBMITTALS
A. General: Submit the following in accordance with Conditions of Contract and Division 1 Specification
Sections.
B. Product data including details for materials, dimensions of individual components, profiles, and
finishes for the following items:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Backdraft dampers.
Manual volume control dampers.
Fire dampers.
Duct-mounted access panels and doors.
Flexible ducts.
C. Shop drawings from manufacturer detailing assemblies. Include dimensions, weights, loadings,
required clearances, method of field assembly, components, and location and size of each field
connection. Detail the following:
1.
2.
Special fittings and volume control damper installation (both manual and automatic) details.
Fire damper installations, including sleeves and duct-mounted access door and panel installations.
D. Product Certification: Submit certified test data on dynamic insertion loss; self-noise power levels; and
airflow performance data, static pressure loss, and dimensions and weights.
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1.04
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. NFPA Compliance: Comply with the following NFPA Standards:
1.
2.
1.05
NFPA 90A, "Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems."
NFPA 90B, "Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems."
EXTRA MATERIALS
A. Furnish extra materials matching products installed as described below, packaged with protective
covering for storage and identified with labels describing contents. Deliver extra materials to Owner.
1.
Fusible Links: Furnish quantity equal to 10 percent of amount installed.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01
BACKDRAFT DAMPERS
A. Description: Suitable for horizontal or vertical installation.
B. Frame: 18-gage (1.3-mm) galvanized steel, with welded corners and mounting flange.
C. Blades: 0.025-inch-thick (0.6-mm-thick) roll-formed aluminum.
D. Blade Seals: Neoprene.
E. Blade Axles: Nonferrous.
F.
Tie Bars and Brackets: Galvanized steel.
G. Return Spring: Adjustable tension.
H. Wing-Nut Operator: Galvanized steel, with 1/4-inch (6-mm) galvanized-steel rod.
2.02
MANUAL VOLUME CONTROL DAMPERS
A. General: Provide factory-fabricated volume-control dampers, complete with required hardware and
accessories. Stiffen damper blades to provide stability under operating conditions. Provide locking
device to hold single-blade dampers in a fixed position without vibration. Close duct penetrations for
damper components to seal duct consistent with pressure class. Provide end bearings or other seals for
ducts with pressure classifications of 3 inches (75 mm) or higher. Extend axles full length of damper
blades. Provide bearings at both ends of operating shaft.
B. Low-Leakage Volume Control Dampers: Multiple- or opposed-blade design as indicated, low-leakage
rating, and suitable for horizontal or vertical applications.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Steel Frames: Hat-shaped, galvanized-steel channels, minimum of 16 gage (1.6 mm), and with
mitered and welded corners. Provide frames with flanges where indicated for attaching to walls.
Provide flangeless frames where indicated for installation in ducts.
Extruded Aluminum Blades: 0.050-inch-thick (1.2-mm-thick) 6063T extruded aluminum.
Blade Seals: Neoprene.
Blade Axles: Nonferrous.
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5.
Tie Bars and Brackets: Galvanized steel.
C. Jackshaft: 1-inch- (25-mm-) diameter, galvanized-steel pipe rotating within a pipe bearing assembly
mounted on supports at each mullion and at each end of multiple damper assemblies. Provide
appropriate length and number of mounting to connect linkage of each damper of a multiple damper
assembly.
D. Damper Control Hardware: Zinc-plated, die-cast core with a heavy-gage dial and handle made of 3/32inch-thick (2.3-mm-thick) zinc-plated steel, and a 3/4-inch (6-mm) hexagon locking nut. Provide
center hole to suit damper operating rod size. Provide elevated platform for insulated duct mounting.
2.03
FIRE DAMPERS
A. General: UL labeled according to UL Standard 555 "Standard for Fire Dampers."
B. Fire Rating: 1-1/2 hours.
C. Frame: Type B; as indicated on drawings, fabricated with roll-formed, 21-gage (0.9- mm), galvanizedsteel; with mitered and interlocking corners. Type A may be used where space is limited.
D. Mounting Sleeve: Factory-installed or field-installed galvanized steel.
1.
Minimum Thickness: 0.138-inch (10-gage) (3.5-mm) thick as indicated, and length to suit
application.
E. Mounting Orientation: Vertical or horizontal as indicated.
F.
Blades: Roll-formed, interlocking, 21-gage (0.9-mm) galvanized steel. In place of interlocking blades,
provide full-length, 21-gage (0.9-mm), galvanized-steel blade connectors.
G. Horizontal Dampers: Include a blade lock and stainless steel negator closure spring.
H. Fusible Link: Replaceable, 165 deg F (74 deg C) rated as indicated.
2.04
ACTUATORS
A. Damper Motors: Provide motors for smooth modulating or 2-position action.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Permanent-Split-Capacitor or Shaded-Pole Motors: Provide with oil-immersed and sealed gear
trains.
Spring-Return Motors: Equip with an integral spiral-spring mechanism where indicated. Enclose
entire spring mechanism in a removable housing designed for service or adjustments. Size for
running torque rating of 150 inch-pounds (17 N-m) and breakaway torque rating of 150 inchpounds (17 N-m).
Outdoor Motors and Motors in Outside Air Intakes: Equip with O-ring gaskets designed to make
motors weatherproof. Equip motors with internal heaters to permit normal operation at minus 40
deg F (minus 40 deg C).
Non-Spring Return Motors: For dampers larger than 25 square feet (2.3 square meters), size motor
for running torque rating of 150 inch-pounds (17 N-m) and breakaway torque rating of 300 inchpounds (34 N-m).
Modulating, Spring Return Motor: 115 V, single phase, 60 Hz.
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2.05
TURNING VANES
A. Fabricate turning vanes according to SMACNA HVAC Duct Construction Standards, Figures 2-2
through 2-7.
B. Manufactured Turning Vanes: Fabricate of 1-1/2-inch-wide (38-mm-wide), curved blades set at 3/4
inch (19 mm) on center, support with bars perpendicular to blades set at 2 inches (50 mm) on center,
and set into side strips suitable for mounting in ducts.
2.06
DUCT-MOUNTED ACCESS DOORS AND PANELS
A. General: Refer to the Access Door Materials Schedule at the end of this Section for frame and door
thickness, number of hinges and locks, and location of locks. Provide construction and airtightness
suitable for duct pressure class.
B. Frame: Galvanized sheet steel. Provide with bend-over tabs and foam gaskets.
C. Door: Double-wall, galvanized sheet metal construction with insulation fill and thickness, number of
hinges and locks as indicated for duct pressure class. Provide vision panel where indicated. Provide 1inch by 1-inch (25-mm by 25-mm) butt hinge or piano hinge and cam latches.
D. Seal around frame attachment to duct and door to frame with neoprene or foam rubber seals.
E. Insulation: 1-inch- (25-mm-) thick fiber glass or polystyrene foam board.
2.07
FLEXIBLE CONNECTORS
A. General: Flame-retarded or noncombustible fabrics, coatings, and adhesives complying with UL
Standard 181, Class 1.
B. Extra-Wide Metal-Edged Connectors for ducts with at least one dimension 30 inches or greater:
Factory-fabricated with a strip of fabric 5-3/4 inches (146 mm) wide attached to 2 strips of 2-3/4-inchwide (70-mm-wide), 24-gage (0.7-mm), galvanized sheet steel or 0.032-inch (0.8-mm) aluminum
sheets. Select metal compatible with connected duct system. Fold and crimp metal edge strips onto
fabric as illustrated in SMACNA HVAC Duct Standard, 1st Edition, Figure 2-19.
C. Conventional, Indoor System Flexible Connectors Fabric: Glass fabric double coated with
polychloroprene.
1.
2.
2.08
Minimum Weight: 26 oz./sq. yd. (880 g/sq. m).
Tensile Strength: 480 lbf/inch (84 N/mm) in the warp and 360 lbf/inch (63 N/mm) in the filling.
FLEXIBLE DUCTS
A. General: Comply with UL 181, Class 1.
B. Flexible Ducts - Uninsulated: Spiral-wound steel spring with flameproof vinyl sheathing rated for 10
inch water gage.
C. Flexible Ducts - Insulated: Factory-fabricated, insulated, round duct, with an outer jacket enclosing 11/2-inch-thick (38-mm-thick), glass fiber insulation around a continuous inner liner.
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1.
2.
3.
2.09
Reinforcement: Steel-wire helix encapsulated in the inner liner.
Outer Jacket: Glass-reinforced, silver mylar with a continuous hanging tab, integral fiber glass
tape, and nylon hanging cord.
Inner Liner: Polyethylene film.
ACCESSORIES HARDWARE
A. Instrument Test Holes: Cast iron or cast aluminum to suit duct material, including screw cap and
gasket and a flat mounting gasket. Size to allow insertion of pitot tube and other testing instruments
and provide in length to suit duct insulation thickness.
B. Splitter Damper Accessories: Zinc-plated damper blade bracket, 1/4-inch (6-mm), zinc-plated
operating rod, and a duct-mounted, ball-joint bracket with flat rubber gasket and square-head set screw.
C. Flexible Duct Clamps: Stainless steel band with cadmium-plated hex screw to tighten band with a
worm-gear action. Provide in sizes from 3 to 18 inches (75 to 450 mm) to suit duct size.
D. Adhesives: High strength, quick setting, neoprene based, waterproof and resistant to gasoline and
grease.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01
EXAMINATION
A. Examine areas and conditions for compliance with requirements for installation tolerances and other
conditions affecting performance of duct accessories. Do not proceed with installation until
unsatisfactory conditions are corrected.
3.02
INSTALLATION
A. Install duct accessories according to manufacturer's installation instructions and applicable portions of
details of construction as shown in SMACNA standards.
C. Provide test holes at fan inlet and outlet and elsewhere as indicated.
D. Install fire dampers according to the manufacturer's UL-approved printed instructions.
E. Install fusible links in fire dampers.
F.
3.03
Label access doors according to Division 15 Section "Mechanical Identification."
ADJUSTING
A. Adjust duct accessories for proper settings.
B. Adjust fire dampers for proper action.
C. Final positioning of manual dampers is specified in Division 15 Section "Testing, Adjusting, and
Balancing."
END OF SECTION 15910
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SECTION 15990 - TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and
Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.02
SUMMARY
A. This Section includes testing, adjusting, and balancing all new and existing HVAC systems to produce
design objectives, including the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Balancing airflow and water flow within distribution systems, including submains, branches, and
terminals, to indicated quantities according to specified tolerances.
Adjusting total HVAC systems (Including existing where applicable) to provide indicated
quantities.
Measuring electrical performance of HVAC equipment.
Setting quantitative performance of HVAC equipment.
Verifying that automatic control devices are functioning properly.
Reporting results of the activities and procedures specified in this Section.
B. Related Sections include the following:
1.
2.
1.03
Testing and adjusting requirements unique to particular systems and equipment are included in the
Sections that specify those systems and equipment.
Field quality-control testing to verify that workmanship quality for system and equipment
installation is specified in system and equipment Sections.
DEFINITIONS
A. Adjust: To regulate fluid flow rate and air patterns at the terminal equipment, such as to reduce fan
speed or adjust a damper.
B. Balance: To proportion flows within the distribution system, including submains, branches, and
terminals, according to design quantities.
C. Draft: A current of air, when referring to localized effect caused by one or more factors of high air
velocity, low ambient temperature, or direction of airflow, whereby more heat is withdrawn from a
person's skin than is normally dissipated.
D. Procedure: An approach to and execution of a sequence of work operations to yield repeatable results.
E. Report Forms: Test data sheets for recording test data in logical order.
F.
Static Head: The pressure due to the weight of the fluid above the point of measurement. In a closed
system, static head is equal on both sides of the pump.
G. Suction Head: The height of fluid surface above the centerline of the pump on the suction side.
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H. System Effect: A phenomenon that can create undesired or unpredicted conditions that cause reduced
capacities in all or part of a system.
I.
System Effect Factors: Allowances used to calculate a reduction of the performance ratings of a fan
when installed under conditions different from those presented when the fan was performance tested.
J.
Terminal: A point where the controlled medium, such as fluid or energy, enters or leaves the
distribution system.
K. Test: A procedure to determine quantitative performance of a system or equipment.
L. Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing Agent: The entity responsible for performing and reporting the
testing, adjusting, and balancing procedures.
M. AABC: Associated Air Balance Council.
N. AMCA: Air Movement and Control Association.
O. CTI: Cooling Tower Institute.
P. NEBB: National Environmental Balancing Bureau.
Q. SMACNA: Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association.
R. TABB: Testing, Adjusting and Balancing Bureau
1.04
SUBMITTALS
A. Quality-Assurance Submittals: Within 30 days from the Contractor's Notice to Proceed, submit 2
copies of evidence that the testing, adjusting, and balancing Agent and this Project's testing, adjusting,
and balancing team members meet the qualifications specified in the "Quality Assurance" Article
below.
B. Certified Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing Reports: Submit 2 copies of reports prepared, as specified
in this Section, on approved NEBB, AABC or TABB forms certified by the testing, adjusting, and
balancing Agent.
C. Warranty: Submit 2 copies of special warranty specified in the "Warranty" Article below.
1.05
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Agent Qualifications: Engage a testing, adjusting, and balancing agent certified by either AABC,
NEBB or TABB.
B. Certification of Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing Reports: Certify the testing, adjusting, and
balancing field data reports. This certification includes the following:
1.
2.
Review field data reports to validate accuracy of data and to prepare certified testing, adjusting,
and balancing reports.
Certify that the testing, adjusting, and balancing team complied with the approved testing,
adjusting, and balancing plan and the procedures specified and referenced in this Specification.
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C. Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing Reports: Use standard forms from AABC's "National Standards for
Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing." Or NEBB’s “Procedural Standards for Testing, Adjusting, and
Balancing of Environmental Systems.”
D. Instrumentation Type, Quantity, and Accuracy: As described in NEBB's "Procedural Standards for
Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing of Environmental Systems," Section II, "Required Instrumentation
for NEBB Certification." Or as described in AABC National Standards.
E. Instrumentation Calibration: Calibrate instruments at least every 6 months or more frequently if
required by the instrument manufacturer.
1.06
PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Owner Occupancy: The Owner may or may not occupy the site and existing building (where
applicable) during the entire testing, adjusting, and balancing period. Cooperate with the Owner during
testing, adjusting, and balancing operations to minimize conflicts with the Owner's operations.
1.07
COORDINATION
A. Coordinate the efforts of factory-authorized service representatives for systems and equipment, HVAC
controls installers, and other mechanics to operate HVAC systems and equipment to support and assist
testing, adjusting, and balancing activities.
B. Notice: Provide 7 days' advance notice for each test. Include scheduled test dates and times.
C. Perform testing, adjusting, and balancing after leakage and pressure tests on air and water distribution
systems have been satisfactorily completed.
1.08
WARRANTY
A. General Warranty: The national project performance guarantee specified in this Article shall not
deprive the Owner of other rights the Owner may have under other provisions of the Contract
Documents and shall be in addition to, and run concurrent with, other warranties made by the
Contractor under requirements of the Contract Documents.
B. National Project Performance Guarantee: Provide a guarantee on AABC'S "National Standards" forms
stating that AABC will assist in completing the requirements of the Contract Documents if the testing,
adjusting, and balancing Agent fails to comply with the Contract Documents. Guarantee includes the
following provisions:
1. The certified agent has tested and balanced systems according to the contract documents.
2. Systems are balanced to optimum performance capabilities within design and installation limits.
C. Special Guarantee: Provide a guarantee on NEBB forms stating that NEBB will assist in completing
the requirements of the Contract Documents if the testing, adjusting, and balancing Agent fails to
comply with the Contract Documents. Guarantee includes the following provisions:
1.
2.
The certified Agent has tested and balanced systems according to the Contract Documents.
Systems are balanced to optimum performance capabilities within design and installation limits.
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PART 2 - PRODUCTS (Not Applicable)
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01
EXAMINATION
A. Examine Contract Documents and existing conditions to become familiar with project requirements and
to discover conditions in systems' designs that may preclude proper testing, adjusting, and balancing of
systems and equipment.
B. Examine approved submittal data of HVAC systems and equipment.
C. Examine all project related record documents .
D. Examine equipment performance data, including fan and pump curves. Relate performance data to
project conditions and requirements, including system effects that can create undesired or unpredicted
conditions that cause reduced capacities in all or part of a system. Calculate system effect factors to
reduce the performance ratings of HVAC equipment when installed under conditions different from
those presented when the equipment was performance tested at the factory. To calculate system effects
for air systems, use tables and charts found in AMCA 201, "Fans and Systems," Sections 7 through 10;
or in SMACNA's "HVAC Systems--Duct Design," Sections 5 and 6. Compare this data with the design
data and installed conditions.
E. Examine system and equipment installations to verify that they are complete and that testing, cleaning,
adjusting, and commissioning specified in individual Specification Sections have been performed.
F.
Examine system and equipment test reports.
G. Examine HVAC system and equipment installations to verify that indicated balancing devices, such as
test ports, gage cocks, thermometer wells, flow-control devices, balancing valves and fittings, and
manual volume dampers, are properly installed, and their locations are accessible and appropriate for
effective balancing and for efficient system and equipment operation.
H. Examine systems for functional deficiencies that cannot be corrected by adjusting and balancing and
report such deficiencies.
I.
Examine new and existing air-handling equipment to ensure clean filters have been installed, bearings
are greased, belts are aligned and tight, and equipment with functioning controls is ready for operation.
J.
Examine terminal units, such as variable-air-volume boxes and mixing boxes, to verify that they are
accessible and their controls are connected and functioning.
K. Examine all new and existing strainers for clean screens and proper perforations.
L. Examine 3-way valves for proper installation for their intended function of diverting or mixing fluid
flows.
M. Examine heat-transfer coils for correct piping connections and for clean and straight fins.
N. Examine open-piping-system pumps to ensure absence of entrained air in the suction piping.
O. Examine equipment for installation and for properly operating safety interlocks and controls.
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P. Examine automatic temperature system components to verify the following:
1.
2.
3.
Dampers, valves, and other controlled devices operate by the intended controller.
Dampers and valves are in the position indicated by the controller.
Integrity of valves and dampers for free and full operation and for tightness of fully closed and
fully open positions. This includes dampers in multizone units, mixing boxes, and variable-airvolume terminals.
4. Automatic modulating and shutoff valves, including 2-way valves and 3-way mixing and diverting
valves, are properly connected.
5. Thermostats and humidistats are located to avoid adverse effects of sunlight, drafts, and cold walls.
6. Sensors are located to sense only the intended conditions.
7. Sequence of operation for control modes is according to the Contract Documents.
8. Controller set points are set at design values. Observe and record system reactions to changes in
conditions. Record default set points if different from design values.
9. Interlocked systems are operating.
10. Changeover from heating to cooling mode occurs according to design values.
Q. Report deficiencies discovered before and during performance of testing, adjusting, and balancing
procedures.
3.02
PREPARATION
A. Prepare a testing, adjusting, and balancing plan that includes strategies and step-by-step procedures.
B. Complete system readiness checks and prepare system readiness reports. Verify the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
3.03
Permanent electrical power wiring is complete.
Hydronic systems are filled, clean, and free of air.
Automatic temperature-control systems are operational.
Equipment and duct access doors are securely closed.
Balance, and fire dampers are open.
Isolating and balancing valves are open and control valves are operational.
Ceilings are installed in critical areas where air-pattern adjustments are required and access to
balancing devices is provided.
Windows and doors can be closed so design conditions for system operations can be met.
GENERAL TESTING AND BALANCING PROCEDURES
A. Perform testing and balancing procedures on each system according to the procedures contained in
either AABC national standards and this Section or the procedures contained in NEBB's "Procedural
Standards for Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing of Environmental Systems" and this Section.
B. Cut insulation, ducts, pipes, and equipment cabinets for installation of test probes to the minimum
extent necessary to allow adequate performance of procedures. After testing and balancing, close
probe holes and patch insulation with new materials identical to those removed. Restore vapor barrier
and finish according to the insulation Specifications for this Project.
C. Mark equipment settings with paint or other suitable, permanent identification material, including
damper-control positions, valve indicators, fan-speed-control levers, and similar controls and devices,
to show final settings.
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3.04
FUNDAMENTAL AIR SYSTEMS' BALANCING PROCEDURES
A. Prepare test reports for both fans and outlets. Obtain manufacturer's outlet factors and recommended
testing procedures. Crosscheck the summation of required outlet volumes with required fan volumes.
B. Prepare schematic diagrams of systems' "as-built" duct layouts.
C. For variable-air-volume systems, develop a plan to simulate diversity.
D. Determine the best locations in main and branch ducts for accurate duct traverse airflow measurements.
E. Check the airflow patterns from the outside-air louvers and dampers and the return- and exhaust-air
dampers, through the supply-fan discharge and mixing dampers.
F.
Locate start-stop and disconnect switches, electrical interlocks, and motor starters.
G. Verify that motor starters are equipped with properly sized thermal protection.
H. Check dampers for proper position to achieve desired airflow path.
I.
Check for airflow blockages.
J.
Check condensate drains for proper connections and functioning.
K. Check for proper sealing of air-handling unit components.
3.05
CONSTANT-VOLUME AIR SYSTEMS' BALANCING PROCEDURES
A. The procedures in this Article apply to constant-volume supply, return, and exhaust-air systems.
Additional procedures are required for variable-air-volume, induction-unit supply-air systems and
process exhaust-air systems. These additional procedures are specified in other articles in this Section.
B. Adjust fans to deliver total design airflows within the maximum allowable rpm listed by the fan
manufacturer.
1.
Measure fan static pressures to determine actual static pressure as follows:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
Measure static pressure across each air-handling unit component.
a.
3.
4.
Measure outlet static pressure as far downstream from the fan as practicable and upstream
from restrictions in ducts such as elbows and transitions.
Measure static pressure directly at the fan outlet.
Measure inlet static pressure of single-inlet fans in the inlet duct as near the fan as possible,
upstream from flexible connection and downstream from duct restrictions.
Measure inlet static pressure of double-inlet fans through the wall of the plenum that houses
the fan.
Simulate dirty filter operation and record the point at which maintenance personnel must
change filters.
Measure static pressures entering and leaving other devices such as sound traps,and attenuators,
heat recovery equipment, and air washers under final balanced conditions.
Compare design data with installed conditions to determine variations in design static pressures
versus actual static pressures. Compare actual system effect factors with calculated system effect
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5.
6.
factors to identify where variations occur. Recommend corrective action to align design and actual
conditions.
Adjust fan speed higher or lower than design with the approval of the Engineer. Make required
adjustments to pulley sizes, motor sizes, and electrical connections to accommodate fan-speed
changes.
Do not make fan-speed adjustments that result in motor overload. Consult equipment
manufacturers about fan-speed safety factors. Modulate dampers and measure fan-motor amperage
to ensure no overload will occur. Measure amperage in full cooling, full heating, and economizer
modes to determine the maximum required brake horsepower.
C. Adjust volume dampers for main duct, submain ducts, and major branch ducts to design airflows within
specified tolerances.
1.
Measure static pressure at a point downstream from the balancing damper and adjust volume
dampers until the proper static pressure is achieved.
a.
2.
Where sufficient space in submains and branch ducts is unavailable for Pitot-tube traverse
measurements, measure airflow at terminal outlets and inlets and calculate the total airflow for
that zone, submain or branch duct.
Remeasure each submain and branch duct after all have been adjusted. Continue to adjust
submains and branch ducts to design airflows within specified tolerances.
D. Measure terminal outlets and inlets without making adjustments.
1.
Measure terminal outlets using a direct-reading hood or the outlet manufacturer's written
instructions and calculating factors.
E. Adjust terminal outlets and inlets for each space to design airflows within specified tolerances of design
values. Make adjustments using volume dampers in the branch ducts rather than extractors and the
dampers at the air terminals.
1.
2.
3.06
Adjust each outlet in the same room or space to within specified tolerances of design quantities
without generating noise levels above the limitations prescribed by the Contract Documents.
Adjust patterns of adjustable outlets for proper distribution without drafts.
VARIABLE-AIR-VOLUME SYSTEMS' ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES
A. Compensating for Diversity: When the total airflow of all terminal units is more than the fan design
airflow volume, place a selected number of terminal units at a maximum set-point airflow condition
until the total airflow of the terminal units equals the design airflow of the fan. Select the reduced
airflow terminal units so they are distributed evenly among the branch ducts.
B. Pressure-Independent, Variable-Air-Volume Systems: After the fan systems have been adjusted, adjust
the variable-air-volume systems as follows:
1.
2.
3.
Set outside-air dampers at minimum, and return- and exhaust-air dampers at a position that
simulates full-cooling load.
Select the terminal unit that is most critical to the supply-fan airflow and static pressure. Measure
static pressure. Adjust system static pressure so the entering static pressure for the critical terminal
unit is not less than the sum of the terminal unit manufacturer's recommended minimum inlet static
pressure plus the static pressure needed to overcome terminal-unit discharge duct losses.
Measure total system airflow. Adjust to within 10 percent of design airflow.
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4.
5.
Set terminal units at maximum airflow and adjust controller or regulator to deliver the designed
maximum airflow. Use the terminal unit manufacturer's written instructions to make this
adjustment. When total airflow is correct, balance the air outlets downstream from terminal units
as described for constant-volume air systems.
Set terminal units at minimum airflow and adjust controller or regulator to deliver the designed
minimum airflow. Check air outlets for a proportional reduction in airflow as described for
constant-volume air systems.
a.
6.
7.
8.
3.07
If air outlets are out of balance at minimum airflow, report the condition but leave the outlets
balanced for maximum airflow.
Remeasure the return airflow to the fan while operating at maximum return airflow and minimum
outside airflow. Adjust the fan and balance the return-air ducts and inlets as described for
constant-volume air systems.
Measure static pressure at the most critical terminal unit and adjust the static-pressure controller at
the main supply-air sensing station to ensure adequate static pressure is maintained at the most
critical unit.
Record the final fan performance data.
FUNDAMENTAL PROCEDURES FOR HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
A. Prepare test reports with pertinent design data and number in sequence starting at pump to end of
system. Check the sum of branch-circuit flows against approved pump flow rate. Correct variations
that exceed plus or minus 5 percent.
B. Prepare schematic diagrams of systems' "as-built" piping layouts.
C. Prepare hydronic systems for testing and balancing according to the following, in addition to the
general preparation procedures specified above:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
3.08
Open all manual valves for maximum flow.
Check expansion tank liquid level.
Check makeup-water-station pressure gage for adequate pressure for highest vent.
Check flow-control valves for specified sequence of operation and set at design flow.
Set differential-pressure control valves at the specified differential pressure. Do not set at fully
closed position when pump is positive-displacement type, unless several terminal valves are kept
open.
Set system controls so automatic valves are wide open to heat exchangers.
Check pump-motor load. If motor is overloaded, throttle main flow-balancing device so motor
nameplate rating is not exceeded.
Check air vents for a forceful liquid flow exiting from vents when manually operated.
HYDRONIC SYSTEMS' BALANCING PROCEDURES
A. Determine water flow at existing pumps. Use the following procedures, except for positivedisplacement pumps:
1.
Verify impeller size by operating the pump with the discharge valve closed. Verify with the pump
manufacturer that this will not damage pump. Read pressure differential across the pump. Convert
pressure to head and correct for differences in gage heights. Note the point on the manufacturer's
pump curve at zero flow and confirm that the pump has the intended impeller size.
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2.
3.
4.
Check system resistance. With all valves open, read pressure differential across the pump and
mark the pump manufacturer's head-capacity curve. Adjust pump discharge valve until design
water flow is achieved.
Verify pump-motor brake horsepower. Calculate the intended brake horsepower for the system
based on the pump manufacturer's performance data. Compare calculated brake horsepower with
nameplate data on the pump motor. Report conditions where actual amperage exceeds motor
nameplate amperage.
Report flow rates that are not within plus or minus 5 percent of design.
B. Set calibrated balancing valves, if installed, at calculated presettings.
C. Measure flow at all stations and adjust, where necessary, to obtain first balance.
1.
System components that have Cv rating or an accurately cataloged flow-pressure-drop relationship
may be used as a flow-indicating device.
D. Measure flow at main balancing station and set main balancing device to achieve flow that is 5 percent
greater than design flow.
E. Adjust balancing stations to within specified tolerances of design flow rate as follows:
1.
2.
3.
F.
Determine the balancing station with the highest percentage over design flow.
Adjust each station in turn, beginning with the station with the highest percentage over design flow
and proceeding to the station with the lowest percentage over design flow.
Record settings and mark balancing devices.
Measure pump flow rate and make final measurements of pump amperage, voltage, rpm, pump heads,
and systems' pressures and temperatures, including outdoor-air temperature.
G. Measure the differential-pressure control valve settings existing at the conclusions of balancing.
3.09
VARIABLE-FLOW HYDRONIC SYSTEMS' ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES
A. Balance systems with automatic 2- and 3-way control valves by setting systems at maximum flow
through heat-exchange terminals and proceed as specified above for hydronic systems.
3.10
MOTORS
A. Motors, 1/2 HP and Larger: Test at final balanced conditions and record the following data:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Manufacturer, model, and serial numbers.
Motor horsepower rating.
Motor rpm.
Efficiency rating if high-efficiency motor.
Nameplate and measured voltage, each phase.
Nameplate and measured amperage, each phase.
Starter thermal-protection-element rating.
B. Motors Driven by Variable-Frequency Controllers: Test for proper operation at speeds varying from
minimum to maximum. Test the manual bypass for the controller to prove proper operation. Record
observations, including controller manufacturer, model and serial numbers, and nameplate data.
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3.11
EXISTING CHILLERS
A. Balance water flow through each evaporator and condenser to within ± 5% specified tolerances of
design flow with all pumps operating. With only one chiller operating in a multiple chiller installation,
do not exceed the flow for the maximum tube velocity recommended by the chiller manufacturer.
Measure and record the following data with each chiller operating at design conditions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3.12
Evaporator water entering and leaving temperatures, pressure drop, and water flow.
Condenser water entering and leaving temperatures, pressure drop, and water flow.
Evaporator and condenser refrigerant temperatures and pressures, using instruments furnished by
the chiller manufacturer.
Power factor if factory-installed instrumentation is furnished for measuring kW.
The kW input if factory-installed instrumentation is furnished for measuring kW.
Capacity: Calculate in tons of cooling.
EXISTING COOLING TOWERS
A. Shut off makeup water for the duration of the test, and then make sure the makeup and blow-down
systems are fully operational after tests and before leaving the equipment. Perform the following tests
and record the results:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
3.13
Measure condenser water flow to each cell of the cooling tower.
Measure entering- and leaving-water temperatures.
Measure wet- and dry-bulb temperatures of entering air.
Measure wet- and dry-bulb temperatures of leaving air.
Measure condenser water flow rate recirculating through the cooling tower.
Measure cooling tower pump discharge pressure.
Adjust water level and feed rate of makeup-water system.
HEAT-TRANSFER COILS
A. Water Coils: Measure the following data for each coil:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Entering- and leaving-water temperatures.
Water flow rate.
Water pressure drop.
Dry-bulb temperatures of entering and leaving air.
Wet-bulb temperatures of entering and leaving air for cooling coils designed for less than 7500
cfm (3540 L/s).
Airflow.
Air pressure drop.
B. All Electric-Heating Coils (includes VAV and fan powered terminal units): Measure the following data
for each coil:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Nameplate data.
Airflow.
Entering- and leaving-air temperatures at full load.
Voltage and amperage input of each phase at full load and at each incremental stage.
Calculated kW at full load.
Fuse or circuit-breaker rating for overload protection.
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3.14
TEMPERATURE TESTING
A. During testing, adjusting, and balancing, report need for adjustment in temperature regulation within
the automatic temperature-control system.
B. Measure indoor wet- and dry-bulb temperatures every other hour for a period of 2 successive 8-hour
days, in each separately controlled zone, to prove correctness of final temperature settings. Measure
when the building or zone is occupied.
C. Measure outside-air, wet- and dry-bulb temperatures.
3.15
TEMPERATURE-CONTROL VERIFICATION
A. Verify that controllers are calibrated and commissioned.
B. Check transmitter and controller locations and note conditions that would adversely affect control
functions.
C. Record controller settings and note variances between set points and actual measurements.
D. Verify operation of limiting controllers (i.e., high- and low-temperature controllers).
E. Verify free travel and proper operation of control devices such as damper and valve operators.
F.
Confirm interaction of interlock and lockout systems.
G. Record voltages of power supply and controller output. Determine if the system operates on a
grounded or nongrounded power supply.
H. Note operation of electric actuators using spring return for proper fail-safe operations.
3.16
TOLERANCES
A. Set HVAC system airflow and water flow rates within the following tolerances:
1.
2.
3.
3.17
Supply, Return, and Exhaust Fans: 0 to plus 5 percent.
Air Outlets and Inlets: Plus 5 to minus 5 percent.
Cooling-Water Flow Rate: Plus 5 to minus 5 percent.
REPORTING
A. Status Reports: As Work progresses, prepare reports to describe completed procedures, procedures in
progress, and scheduled procedures. Include a list of deficiencies and problems found in systems being
tested and balanced. Prepare a separate report for each system.
3.18
FINAL REPORT
A. General: Typewritten, or computer printout in letter-quality font, on standard bond paper, in 3-ring
binder, tabulated and divided into sections by tested and balanced systems.
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B. Include a certification sheet in front of binder signed and sealed by the certified testing and balancing
engineer.
1.
Include a list of the instruments used for procedures, along with proof of calibration indicating
testing dates.
C. Final Report Contents: In addition to the certified field report data, include the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pump curves.
Fan curves.
Manufacturers' test data.
Field test reports prepared by system and equipment installers.
Other information relative to equipment performance, but do not include approved Shop Drawings
and Product Data.
D. General Report Data: In addition to the form titles and entries, include the following data in the final
report, as applicable:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Title page.
Name and address of testing, adjusting, and balancing Agent.
Project name.
Project location.
Architect's name and address.
Engineer's name and address.
Contractor's name and address.
Report date.
Signature of testing, adjusting, and balancing Agent who certifies the report.
Summary of contents, including the following:
a.
b.
c.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Design versus final performance.
Notable characteristics of systems.
Description of system operation sequence if it varies from the Contract Documents.
Nomenclature sheets for each item of equipment.
Data for terminal units, including manufacturer, type size, and fittings.
Notes to explain why certain final data in the body of reports vary from design values.
Test conditions for fans and pump performance forms, including the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Settings for outside-, return-, and exhaust-air dampers.
Conditions of filters.
Cooling coil, wet- and dry-bulb conditions.
Fan drive settings, including settings and percentage of maximum pitch diameter.
Settings for supply-air, static-pressure controller.
Other system operating conditions that affect performance.
E. System Diagrams: Include schematic layouts of air and hydronic distribution systems. Present with
single-line diagrams and include the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Quantities of outside, supply, return, and exhaust airflows.
Water flow rates.
Duct, outlet, and inlet sizes.
Pipe and valve sizes and locations.
Terminal units.
Balancing stations.
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F.
Air-Handling Unit Test Reports: For air-handling units with coils, include the following:
1.
Unit Data: Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
2.
Motor Data: Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
3.
Unit identification.
Location.
Make and type.
Model number and unit size.
Manufacturer's serial number.
Unit arrangement and class.
Discharge arrangement.
Sheave make, size in inches (mm), and bore.
Sheave dimensions, center-to-center and amount of adjustments in inches (mm).
Number of belts, make, and size.
Number of filters, type, and size.
Make and frame type and size.
Horsepower and rpm.
Volts, phase, and hertz.
Full-load amperage and service factor.
Sheave make, size in inches (mm), and bore.
Sheave dimensions, center-to-center and amount of adjustments in inches (mm).
Test Data: Include design and actual values for the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Total airflow rate in cfm (L/s).
Total system static pressure in inches wg (Pa).
Fan rpm.
Discharge static pressure in inches wg (Pa).
Filter static-pressure differential in inches wg (Pa).
Cooling coil static-pressure differential in inches wg (Pa).
Outside airflow in cfm (L/s).
Return airflow in cfm (L/s).
Outside-air damper position.
Return-air damper position.
G. Apparatus-Coil Test Reports: For apparatus coils, include the following:
1.
Coil Data: Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
System identification.
Location.
Coil type.
Number of rows.
Fin spacing in fins per inch (mm o.c.).
Make and model number.
Face area in sq. ft. (sq. m).
Tube size in NPS (DN).
Tube and fin materials.
Circuiting arrangement.
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2.
Test Data: Include design and actual values for the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
Airflow rate in cfm (L/s).
Average face velocity in fpm (m/s).
Air pressure drop in inches wg (Pa).
Outside-air, wet- and dry-bulb temperatures in deg F (deg C).
Return-air, wet- and dry-bulb temperatures in deg F (deg C).
Entering-air, wet- and dry-bulb temperatures in deg F (deg C).
Leaving-air, wet- and dry-bulb temperatures in deg F (deg C).
Water flow rate in gpm (L/s).
Water pressure differential in feet of head or psig (kPa).
Entering-water temperature in deg F (deg C).
Leaving-water temperature in deg F (deg C).
Refrigerant expansion valve and refrigerant types.
Refrigerant suction pressure in psig (kPa).
Refrigerant suction temperature in deg F (deg C).
H. Electric-Coil Test Reports: For electric furnaces, duct coils, and electric coils installed in centralstation air-handling units, VAV units and fan powered terminal units, include the following:
1.
Unit Data: Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
2.
Test Data: Include design and actual values for the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
I.
System identification.
Location.
Coil identification.
Capacity in Btuh (kW).
Number of stages.
Connected volts, phase, and hertz.
Rated amperage.
Airflow rate in cfm (L/s).
Face area in sq. ft. (sq. m).
Minimum face velocity in fpm (m/s).
Heat output in Btuh (kW).
Airflow rate in cfm (L/s).
Air velocity in fpm (m/s).
Entering-air temperature in deg F (deg C).
Leaving-air temperature in deg F (deg C).
Voltage at each connection.
Amperage for each phase.
Fan Test Reports: For supply, return, and exhaust fans, include the following:
1.
Fan Data: Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
System identification.
Location.
Make and type.
Model number and size.
Manufacturer's serial number.
Arrangement and class.
Sheave make, size in inches (mm), and bore.
Sheave dimensions, center-to-center and amount of adjustments in inches (mm).
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2.
Motor Data: Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
3.
Test Data: Include design and actual values for the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
J.
Make and frame type and size.
Horsepower and rpm.
Volts, phase, and hertz.
Full-load amperage and service factor.
Sheave make, size in inches (mm), and bore.
Sheave dimensions, center-to-center and amount of adjustments in inches (mm).
Number of belts, make, and size.
Total airflow rate in cfm (L/s).
Total system static pressure in inches wg (Pa).
Fan rpm.
Discharge static pressure in inches wg (Pa).
Suction static pressure in inches wg (Pa).
Round, Flat-Oval, and Rectangular Duct Traverse Reports: Include a diagram with a grid representing
the duct cross-section and record the following:
1.
Report Data: Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
System and air-handling unit number.
Location and zone.
Traverse air temperature in deg F (deg C).
Duct static pressure in inches wg (Pa).
Duct size in inches (mm).
Duct area in sq. ft. ( (sq. m)).
Design airflow rate in cfm (L/s).
Design velocity in fpm (m/s).
Actual airflow rate in cfm (L/s).
Actual average velocity in fpm (m/s).
Barometric pressure in psig (Pa).
K. Air-Terminal-Device Reports: For terminal units, include the following:
1.
Unit Data: Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
2.
System and air-handling unit identification.
Location and zone.
Test apparatus used.
Area served.
Air-terminal-device make.
Air-terminal-device number from system diagram.
Air-terminal-device type and model number.
Air-terminal-device size.
Air-terminal-device effective area in sq. ft. ( (sq. m)).
Test Data: Include design and actual values for the following:
a.
b.
c.
Airflow rate in cfm (L/s).
Air velocity in fpm (m/s).
Preliminary airflow rate as needed in cfm (L/s).
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d.
e.
f.
g.
Preliminary velocity as needed in fpm (m/s).
Final airflow rate in cfm (L/s).
Final velocity in fpm (m/s).
Space temperature in deg F (deg C).
L. System-Coil Reports: For reheat coils and water coils of terminal units, include the following:
1.
Unit Data: Include the following:
a. System and air-handling unit identification.
b. Location and zone.
c. Room or riser served.
d. Coil make and size.
e. Flowmeter type.
f. Capacity in BTUH (kw).
g. Number of stages.
h. Rated amperage.
2.
Test Data: Include design and actual values for the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Airflow rate in cfm (L/s).
Entering-water temperature in deg F (deg C).
Leaving-water temperature in deg F (deg C).
Water pressure drop in feet of head or psig (kPa).
Entering-air temperature in deg F (deg C).
Leaving-air temperature in deg F (deg C).
Heat output in BTUH (kw).
Amperage for each phase.
Voltage at each connection.
M. Existing Packaged Chiller Reports: For each chiller, include the following:
1.
Unit Data: Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Unit identification.
Make and model number.
Manufacturer's serial number.
Refrigerant type and capacity in gal. (L).
Starter type and size.
Starter thermal protection size.
N. Pump Test Reports: For pumps, include the following data. Calculate impeller size by plotting the
shutoff head on pump curves.
1.
Unit Data: Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Unit identification.
Location.
Service.
Make and size.
Model and serial numbers.
Water flow rate in gpm (L/s).
Water pressure differential in feet of head or psig (kPa).
Required net positive suction head in feet of head or psig (kPa).
Pump rpm.
Impeller diameter in inches (mm).
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k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
2.
Motor make and frame size.
Motor horsepower and rpm.
Voltage at each connection.
Amperage for each phase.
Full-load amperage and service factor.
Seal type.
Test Data: Include design and actual values for the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
Static head in feet of head or psig (kPa).
Pump shutoff pressure in feet of head or psig (kPa).
Actual impeller size in inches (mm).
Full-open flow rate in gpm (L/s).
Full-open pressure in feet of head or psig (kPa).
Final discharge pressure in feet of head or psig (kPa).
Final suction pressure in feet of head or psig (kPa).
Final total pressure in feet of head or psig (kPa).
Final water flow rate in gpm (L/s).
Voltage at each connection.
Amperage for each phase.
O. Instrument Calibration Reports: For instrument calibration, include the following:
3.19
1.
Report Data: Include the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Instrument type and make.
Serial number.
Application.
Dates of use.
Dates of calibration.
ADDITIONAL TESTS
A. Within 90 days of completing testing, adjusting, and balancing, perform additional testing and
balancing to verify that balanced conditions are being maintained throughout and to correct unusual
conditions.
B. Seasonal Periods: If initial testing, adjusting, and balancing procedures were not performed during
near-peak summer and winter conditions, perform additional inspections, testing, and adjusting during
near-peak summer and winter conditions.
END OF SECTION 15990
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SECTION 16010 - BASIC ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
SUMMARY
A.
1.2
This Section specifies the basic requirements for electrical installations and includes requirements
common to all sections of Division-16. It expands and supplements the requirements specified in
sections of Division-1.
CODES AND STANDARDS
A.
Install all work in accordance with the applicable requirements of the latest edition of the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
National Electric Code (NEC)
FBC 2007 with 2009 amendments
Local, State, County and City Codes
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
NEMA Standards
B.
It is the intent of the Contract Documents to comply with the applicable codes, ordinances, regulations,
and standards. Where discrepancies occur, notify the Architect in writing, and ask for interpretation.
Correct any installation that fails to comply with the applicable codes and standards at no additional cost
to the Owner.
C.
All materials shall be new and free of defects, and shall be U.L. listed, bear the U.L. label or be labeled or
listed with an approved, nationally recognized Electrical Testing Agency. Where no labeling or listing
service is available for certain types of equipment, test data shall be submitted to prove to the Engineer
and “Authorities Having Jurisdiction” that equipment meets or exceeds available standards.
1.3
PERMITS AND INSPECTIONS
A.
1.4
Obtain and make all payments for permits and inspections required. At the completion of the project and
before final acceptance of the electrical work, provide evidence of final inspection and approval by the
authorities having jurisdiction.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
Manufacturers: Firms regularly engaged in manufacture of electrical products specified, whose products
have been in satisfactory use in similar service for not less than 5 years.
B.
Installer's Qualifications: Firm with at least 5 years of successful installation experience on projects with
electrical work similar to that required for this project.
1.5
IDENTIFICATION
A.
The following items shall be equipped with nameplates: All motors, motor starters, motor-control
centers, pushbutton stations, control panels, time switches, disconnect switches, panelboards, circuit
breakers, contactors.
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B.
Nameplates shall adequately describe the function of the particular equipment involved. Nameplates for
panelboards and switchboards shall include the panel designation, branch (normal or emergency), voltage
and phase of the supply. For example, "Panel A, Emergency Branch, 480Y/277V, 3-phase, 4-wire."
C.
Nameplates shall be laminated phenolic plastic, black front and back with white core, with 3/8" high
lettering etched through the outer covering. White engraved letters on black background. Attach with
plated self-tapping screws or brass bolts.
D.
All junction box covers shall be hand marked with a 1/8" wide permanent black marking pen, indicating
panel and circuit numbers contained, or system contained, i.e., fire alarm, telephone, etc.
1.6
ROUGH-IN
A.
1.7
Verify final locations for rough-ins with field measurements and with the requirements of the actual
equipment to be connected, and architectural room elevations.
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
A.
Coordinate electrical equipment and materials installation with other building components.
B.
Verify all dimensions by field measurements.
C.
Arrange for chases, slots, and openings in other building components to allow for electrical installations.
D.
Coordinate the installation of required supporting devices and sleeves to be set in poured in place
concrete and other structural components, as they are constructed.
E.
Sequence, coordinate, and integrate installations of electrical materials and equipment for efficient flow
of the Work. Give particular attention to large equipment requiring positioning prior to closing-in the
building.
F.
Coordinate the cutting and patching of building components to accommodate the installation of electrical
equipment and materials.
G.
Coordinate connection of electrical systems with local utility services. Comply with requirements of
governing regulations, franchised service companies, and controlling agencies. Provide required
connections for each service.
1.8
CUTTING AND PATCHING
A.
This Article specifies the cutting and patching of electrical equipment, components, and materials to
include removal and legal disposal of selected materials, components, and equipment.
B.
Do not endanger or damage installed Work through procedures and processes of cutting and patching.
C.
Arrange for repairs required to restore other work, because of damage caused as a result of electrical
installations.
D.
No additional compensation will be authorized for cutting and patching Work that is necessitated by illtimed, defective, or non-conforming installations.
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E.
Perform cutting, fitting, and patching of electrical equipment and materials required to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.9
Uncover Work to provide for installation of ill-timed work;
Remove and replace defective Work;
Remove and replace Work not conforming to requirements of the Contract Documents;
Remove samples of installed Work as specified for testing;
Upon written instructions from the Architect/Engineer, uncover and restore Work to provide for
Architect/Engineer observation of concealed Work.
ELECTRICAL SUBMITTALS
A.
Refer to the Conditions of the Contract (General and Supplementary) and Division-1 Section: SHOP
DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND SAMPLES for submittal definitions, requirements, and
procedures.
B.
Submittal of shop drawings, product data, and samples will be accepted only when submitted by the
Contractor.
1.10
PRODUCT OPTIONS AND SUBSTITUTIONS
A.
1.11
Refer to the Instructions to Bidders and the Division-1 for requirements in selecting products and
requesting substitutions. Where a listing of acceptable manufacturers has been given, use one of those
manufacturers given only.
PRODUCT LISTING
A.
Prepare listing of major electrical equipment and materials for the project.
B.
Provide all information requested.
C.
Submit this listing as a part of the submittal requirement specified in Division-1.
D.
When two or more items of the same material or equipment are required they shall be of the same
manufacturer, i.e., panelboards, motor starters, transformers, etc. Product manufacturer uniformity does
not apply to raw materials, bulk materials, wire, conduit, fittings, sheet metal, steel bar stock, welding
rods, solder, fasteners, motors for dissimilar equipment units, and similar items used in Work, except as
otherwise indicated.
E.
Provide products which are compatible within systems and other connected items.
1.12
DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A.
Deliver products to project properly identified with names, model numbers, types, grades, compliance
labels, and similar information needed for distinct identifications; adequately packaged and protected to
prevent damage during shipment, storage, and handling.
B.
Store equipment and materials at the site, unless off-site storage is authorized in writing. Protect stored
equipment and materials from damage.
C.
Coordinate deliveries of electrical materials and equipment to minimize construction site congestion.
Limit each shipment of materials and equipment to the items and quantities needed for the smooth and
efficient flow of installations.
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1.13
RECORD DOCUMENTS
A.
Refer to the Division-1 Section: PROJECT CLOSEOUT or PROJECT RECORD DOCUMENTS for
requirements. The following paragraphs supplement the requirements of Division-1.
B.
Mark Drawings to indicate revisions to conduit size and location both exterior and interior; actual
equipment locations, distribution and branch electrical circuitry; fuse and circuit breaker size and
arrangements; support and hanger details.
C.
Mark Specifications to indicate approved substitutions; Change Orders; actual equipment and materials
used.
1.14
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE DATA
A.
1.15
Refer to the Division-1 Section; PROJECT CLOSEOUT or OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
DATA for procedures and requirements for preparation and submittal of maintenance manuals.
WARRANTIES
A.
Refer to individual equipment specifications for warranty requirements.
B.
Compile and assemble the warranties specified in Division-16, into a separate set of vinyl covered, three
ring binders, tabulated and indexed for easy reference.
C.
Provide complete warranty information for each item to include product or equipment, date of beginning
of warranty or bond; duration of warranty or bond; and names, addresses, and telephone numbers and
procedures for filing a claim and obtaining warranty services.
1.16
CLEANING
A.
Refer to the Division-1 Section; PROJECT CLOSEOUT or FINAL CLEANING for general requirements
for final cleaning.
B.
Clean all light fixtures, lamps and lenses prior to final acceptance. Replace all inoperative lamps.
1.17
TEMPORARY POWER
A.
Provide and pay for all temporary electrical service as required for construction.
B.
Provide all temporary lighting and power distribution as required for construction. All temporary
electrical work shall be in accordance with the N.E.C.
1.18
ELECTRONIC FILES
A.
CADD files will be available on a limited basis to qualified firms at the Architects prerogative.
Recipients are cautioned that these files may not accurately show actual conditions as constructed. Users
are responsible to verify actual field conditions. These files are not intended to be used as shop drawings.
END OF SECTION 16010
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SECTION 16050 - BASIC ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
SUMMARY
A.
This Section includes the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.2
Electrical equipment coordination and installation.
Sleeves for raceways and cables.
Sleeve seals.
Common electrical installation requirements.
DEFINITIONS
A.
ATS: Acceptance Testing Specifications.
B.
EPDM: Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer rubber.
C.
NBR: Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
1.3
SUBMITTALS
A.
1.4
Product Data: For each type of product indicated.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
1.5
Test Equipment Suitability and Calibration: Comply with NETA ATS, "Suitability of Test Equipment"
and "Test Instrument Calibration."
COORDINATION
A.
Coordinate arrangement, mounting, and support of electrical equipment:
1.
2.
3.
4.
To allow maximum possible headroom unless specific mounting heights that reduce headroom are
indicated.
To provide for ease of disconnecting the equipment with minimum interference to other
installations.
To allow right of way for piping and conduit installed at required slope.
So connecting raceways, cables, wireways, cable trays, and busways will be clear of obstructions
and of the working and access space of other equipment.
B.
Coordinate installation of required supporting devices and set sleeves in cast-in-place concrete, masonry
walls, and other structural components as they are constructed.
C.
Coordinate location of access panels and doors for electrical items that are behind finished surfaces or
otherwise concealed. Access doors and panels are specified in Division 8 Section "Access Doors and
Frames."
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D.
Coordinate electrical testing of electrical, mechanical, and architectural items, so equipment and systems
that are functionally interdependent are tested to demonstrate successful interoperability.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
MANUFACTURERS
A.
In other Part 2 articles where titles below introduce lists, the following requirements apply to product
selection:
1.
2.2
Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the
manufacturers specified.
SLEEVES FOR RACEWAYS AND CABLES
A.
Steel Pipe Sleeves: ASTM A 53/A 53M, Type E, Grade B, Schedule 40, galvanized steel, plain ends.
B.
Cast-Iron Pipe Sleeves: Cast or fabricated "wall pipe," equivalent to ductile-iron pressure pipe, with plain
ends and integral waterstop, unless otherwise indicated.
C.
Sleeves for Rectangular Openings: Galvanized sheet steel with minimum 0.052- or 0.138-inch thickness
as indicated and of length to suit application.
D.
Coordinate sleeve selection and application with selection and application of firestopping specified in
Division 7 Section "Through-Penetration Firestop Systems."
2.3
SLEEVE SEALS
A.
Description: Modular sealing device, designed for field assembly, to fill annular space between sleeve
and raceway or cable.
1.
Manufacturers:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
3.
4.
Advance Products & Systems, Inc.
Calpico, Inc.
Metraflex Co.
Pipeline Seal and Insulator, Inc.
Sealing Elements: NBR interlocking links shaped to fit surface of cable or conduit. Include type
and number required for material and size of raceway or cable.
Pressure Plates: Stainless steel. Include two for each sealing element.
Connecting Bolts and Nuts: Stainless steel of length required to secure pressure plates to sealing
elements. Include one for each sealing element.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
A.
Comply with NECA 1.
B.
Measure indicated mounting heights to bottom of unit for suspended items and to center of unit for wallmounting items.
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C.
Headroom Maintenance: If mounting heights or other location criteria are not indicated, arrange and
install components and equipment to provide maximum possible headroom consistent with these
requirements.
D.
Equipment: Install to facilitate service, maintenance, and repair or replacement of components of both
electrical equipment and other nearby installations. Connect in such a way as to facilitate future
disconnecting with minimum interference with other items in the vicinity.
E.
Right of Way: Give to raceways and piping systems installed at a required slope.
3.2
SLEEVE INSTALLATION FOR ELECTRICAL PENETRATIONS
A.
Electrical penetrations occur when raceways, cables, wireways, cable trays, or busways penetrate
concrete slabs, concrete or masonry walls, or fire-rated floor and wall assemblies.
B.
Coordinate sleeve selection and application with selection and application of firestopping specified in
Division 7 Section "Through-Penetration Firestop Systems."
C.
Concrete Slabs and Walls: Install sleeves for penetrations unless core-drilled holes or formed openings
are used. Install sleeves during erection of slabs and walls.
D.
Use pipe sleeves unless penetration arrangement requires rectangular sleeved opening.
E.
Rectangular Sleeve Minimum Metal Thickness:
1.
2.
For sleeve cross-section rectangle perimeter less than 50 inches and no side greater than 16 inches,
thickness shall be 0.052 inch.
For sleeve cross-section rectangle perimeter equal to, or greater than, 50 inches and 1 or more
sides equal to, or greater than, 16 inches, thickness shall be 0.138 inch.
F.
Fire-Rated Assemblies: Install sleeves for penetrations of fire-rated floor and wall assemblies unless
openings compatible with firestop system used are fabricated during construction of floor or wall.
G.
Extend sleeves installed in floors 2 inches above finished floor level.
H.
Size pipe sleeves to provide 1/4-inch annular clear space between sleeve and raceway or cable unless
sleeve seal is to be installed.
I.
Seal space outside of sleeves with grout for penetrations of concrete and masonry and with approved
joint compound for gypsum board assemblies.
J.
Interior Penetrations of Non-Fire-Rated Walls and Floors: Seal annular space between sleeve and
raceway or cable, using joint sealant appropriate for size, depth, and location of joint. Refer to Division
7 Section "Joint Sealants" for materials and installation.
K.
Fire-Rated-Assembly Penetrations: Maintain indicated fire rating of walls, partitions, ceilings, and floors
at raceway and cable penetrations. Install sleeves and seal raceway and cable penetration sleeves with
firestop materials. Comply with Division 7 Section "Through-Penetration Firestop Systems."
L.
Roof-Penetration Sleeves: Seal penetration of individual raceways and cables with flexible boot-type
flashing units applied in coordination with roofing work.
M.
Aboveground, Exterior-Wall Penetrations: Seal penetrations using sleeves and mechanical sleeve seals.
Select sleeve size to allow for 1-inch annular clear space between pipe and sleeve for installing
mechanical sleeve seals.
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N.
3.3
Underground, Exterior-Wall Penetrations: Install cast-iron "wall pipes" for sleeves. Size sleeves to
allow for 1-inch annular clear space between raceway or cable and sleeve for installing mechanical
sleeve seals.
SLEEVE-SEAL INSTALLATION
A.
Install to seal underground, exterior wall penetrations.
B.
Use type and number of sealing elements recommended by manufacturer for raceway or cable material
and size. Position raceway or cable in center of sleeve. Assemble mechanical sleeve seals and install in
annular space between raceway or cable and sleeve. Tighten bolts against pressure plates that cause
sealing elements to expand and make watertight seal.
3.3
FIRESTOPPING
A.
3.3
Apply firestopping to electrical penetrations of fire-rated floor and wall assemblies to restore original
fire-resistance rating of assembly. Firestopping materials and installation requirements are specified in
Division 7 Section "Through-Penetration Firestop Systems."
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A.
Inspect installed sleeve and sleeve-seal installations and associated firestopping for damage and faulty
work.
END OF SECTION 16050
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SECTION 16060 - GROUNDING AND BONDING FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
SUMMARY
A.
This Section includes methods and materials for grounding systems and equipment, plus the following
special applications:
1.
2.
1.2
Underground distribution grounding.
Common ground bonding with lightning protection system.
SUBMITTALS
A.
Product Data: For each type of product indicated.
B.
Other Informational Submittals: Plans showing dimensioned as-built locations of grounding features
specified in Part 3 "Field Quality Control" Article, including the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Test wells.
Ground rods.
Ground rings.
Grounding arrangements and connections for separately derived systems.
Grounding for sensitive electronic equipment.
C.
Field quality-control test reports.
D.
Operation and Maintenance Data: For grounding to include the following in emergency, operation, and
maintenance manuals:
1.
Instructions for periodic testing and inspection of grounding features at test wells, ground rings,
and grounding connections for separately derived systems based on NFPA 70B.
a.
b.
1.3
Tests shall be to determine if ground resistance or impedance values remain within
specified maximums, and instructions shall recommend corrective action if they do not.
Include recommended testing intervals.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, Article
100, by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, and marked for intended use.
B.
Comply with UL 467 for grounding and bonding materials and equipment.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
CONDUCTORS
A.
Insulated Conductors: Copper or tinned-copper wire or cable insulated for 600 V unless otherwise
required by applicable Code or authorities having jurisdiction.
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B.
Bare Copper Conductors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
C.
2.2
Solid Conductors: ASTM B 3.
Stranded Conductors: ASTM B 8.
Tinned Conductors: ASTM B 33.
Bonding Cable: 28 kcmil, 14 strands of No. 17 AWG conductor, 1/4 inch in diameter.
Bonding Conductor: No. 4 or No. 6 AWG, stranded conductor.
Bonding Jumper: Copper tape, braided conductors, terminated with copper ferrules; 1-5/8 inches
wide and 1/16 inch thick.
Tinned Bonding Jumper: Tinned-copper tape, braided conductors, terminated with copper
ferrules; 1-5/8 inches wide and 1/16 inch thick.
Grounding Bus: Rectangular bars of annealed copper, 1/4 by 2 inches in cross section, unless otherwise
indicated; with insulators.
CONNECTORS
A.
Listed and labeled by a nationally recognized testing laboratory acceptable to authorities having
jurisdiction for applications in which used, and for specific types, sizes, and combinations of conductors
and other items connected.
B.
Bolted Connectors for Conductors and Pipes: Copper or copper alloy, bolted pressure-type, with at least
two bolts.
1.
C.
2.2
Pipe Connectors: Clamp type, sized for pipe.
Welded Connectors: Exothermic-welding kits of types recommended by kit manufacturer for materials
being joined and installation conditions.
GROUNDING ELECTRODES
A.
Ground Rods: Copper-clad steel, sectional type; 3/4 inch by10 feet in diameter.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
APPLICATIONS
A.
B.
Conductors: Install solid conductor for No. 10 AWG and smaller, and stranded conductors for No. 8
AWG and larger, unless otherwise indicated.
Underground Grounding Conductors: Install bare tinned-copper conductor, No. 2/0 AWG minimum.
1.
2.
Bury at least 24 inches below grade.
Duct-Bank Grounding Conductor: Bury 12 inches above duct bank when indicated as part of
duct-bank installation.
C.
Isolated Grounding Conductors: Green-colored insulation with continuous yellow stripe. On feeders
with isolated ground, identify grounding conductor where visible to normal inspection, with alternating
bands of green and yellow tape, with at least three bands of green and two bands of yellow.
D.
Grounding Bus: Install in electrical and telephone equipment rooms, in rooms housing service
equipment, and elsewhere as indicated.
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1.
2.
E.
Conductor Terminations and Connections:
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.2
Install bus on insulated spacers 1 inch, minimum, from wall 6 inches above finished floor, unless
otherwise indicated.
Where indicated on both sides of doorways, route bus up to top of door frame, across top of
doorway, down to specified height above floor, and connect to horizontal bus.
Pipe and Equipment Grounding Conductor Terminations: Bolted connectors.
Underground Connections: Welded connectors, except at test wells and as otherwise indicated.
Connections to Ground Rods at Test Wells: Bolted connectors.
Connections to Structural Steel: Welded connectors.
GROUNDING UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
A.
Comply with IEEE C2 grounding requirements.
B.
Grounding Manholes and Handholes: Install a driven ground rod through manhole or handhole floor,
close to wall, and set rod depth so 4 inches will extend above finished floor. If necessary, install ground
rod before manhole is placed and provide No. 1/0 AWG bare, tinned-copper conductor from ground rod
into manhole through a waterproof sleeve in manhole wall. Protect ground rods passing through concrete
floor with a double wrapping of pressure-sensitive insulating tape or heat-shrunk insulating sleeve from 2
inches above to 6 inches below concrete. Seal floor opening with waterproof, nonshrink grout.
C.
Grounding Connections to Manhole Components: Bond exposed-metal parts such as inserts, cable racks,
pulling irons, ladders, and cable shields within each manhole or handhole, to ground rod or grounding
conductor. Make connections with No. 4 AWG minimum, stranded, hard-drawn copper bonding
conductor. Train conductors level or plumb around corners and fasten to manhole walls. Connect to
cable armor and cable shields as recommended by manufacturer of splicing and termination kits.
D.
Pad-Mounted Transformers and Switches: Install two ground rods and ground ring around the pad.
Ground pad-mounted equipment and noncurrent-carrying metal items associated with substations by
connecting them to underground cable and grounding electrodes. Install tinned-copper conductor not
less than No. 2 AWG for ground ring and for taps to equipment grounding terminals. Bury ground ring
not less than 6 inches from the foundation.
3.3
EQUIPMENT GROUNDING
A.
Install insulated equipment grounding conductors with all feeders and branch circuits.
B.
Air-Duct Equipment Circuits: Install insulated equipment grounding conductor to duct-mounted
electrical devices operating at 120 V and more, including air cleaners, heaters, dampers, humidifiers, and
other duct electrical equipment. Bond conductor to each unit and to air duct and connected metallic
piping.
C.
Signal and Communication Equipment: For telephone, alarm, voice and data, and other communication
equipment, provide No. 4 AWG minimum insulated grounding conductor in raceway from grounding
electrode system to each service location, terminal cabinet, wiring closet, and central equipment location.
1.
2.
Service and Central Equipment Locations and Wiring Closets: Terminate grounding conductor on
a 1/4-by-2-by-12-inch grounding bus.
Terminal Cabinets: Terminate grounding conductor on cabinet grounding terminal.
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3.4
INSTALLATION
A.
Grounding Conductors: Route along shortest and straightest paths possible, unless otherwise indicated or
required by Code. Avoid obstructing access or placing conductors where they may be subjected to strain,
impact, or damage.
B.
Common Ground Bonding with Lightning Protection System: Comply with NFPA 780 and UL 96 when
interconnecting with lightning protection system. Bond electrical power system ground directly to
lightning protection system grounding conductor at closest point to electrical service grounding
electrode. Use bonding conductor sized same as system grounding electrode conductor, and install in
conduit.
C.
Ground Rods: Drive rods until tops are 24 inches below finished floor or final grade, unless otherwise
indicated.
1.
2.
D.
Test Wells: Ground rod driven through drilled hole in bottom of handhole. Handholes are specified in
Division 2 Section "Underground Ducts and Utility Structures," and shall be at least 12 inches deep, with
cover.
1.
E.
2.
3.
Bonding to Structure: Bond straps directly to basic structure, taking care not to penetrate any
adjacent parts.
Bonding to Equipment Mounted on Vibration Isolation Hangers and Supports: Install so vibration
is not transmitted to rigidly mounted equipment.
Use exothermic-welded connectors for outdoor locations, but if a disconnect-type connection is
required, use a bolted clamp.
Grounding and Bonding for Piping:
1.
2.
3.
G.
Test Wells: Install at least one test well for each service, unless otherwise indicated. Install at the
ground rod electrically closest to service entrance. Set top of test well flush with finished grade or
floor.
Bonding Straps and Jumpers: Install in locations accessible for inspection and maintenance, except
where routed through short lengths of conduit.
1.
F.
Interconnect ground rods with grounding electrode conductor below grade and as otherwise
indicated. Make connections without exposing steel or damaging coating, if any.
For grounding electrode system, install at least three rods spaced at least one-rod length from each
other and located at least the same distance from other grounding electrodes, and connect to the
service grounding electrode conductor.
Metal Water Service Pipe: Install insulated copper grounding conductors, in conduit, from
building's main service equipment, or grounding bus, to main metal water service entrances to
building. Connect grounding conductors to main metal water service pipes, using a bolted clamp
connector or by bolting a lug-type connector to a pipe flange, using one of the lug bolts of the
flange. Where a dielectric main water fitting is installed, connect grounding conductor on street
side of fitting. Bond metal grounding conductor conduit or sleeve to conductor at each end.
Water Meter Piping: Use braided-type bonding jumpers to electrically bypass water meters.
Connect to pipe with a bolted connector.
Bond each aboveground portion of gas piping system downstream from equipment shutoff valve.
Grounding for Steel Building Structure: Install a driven ground rod at base of each corner column and at
intermediate exterior columns at distances not more than 60 feet apart.
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H.
Ground Ring: Install a grounding conductor, electrically connected to each building structure ground rod
and to each steel column, extending around the perimeter of building.
1.
2.
I.
Ufer Ground (Concrete-Encased Grounding Electrode): Fabricate according to NFPA 70, using a
minimum of 20 feet of insulated copper conductor not smaller than No. 4 AWG. that is tied by
mechanical connection to the rebar in the footer.
1.
3.5
Install tinned-copper conductor not less than No. 2/0 AWG for ground ring and for taps to
building steel.
Bury ground ring not less than 24 inches from building foundation.
Bond grounding conductor to reinforcing steel in at least four locations and to anchor bolts.
Extend grounding conductor below grade and connect to building grounding grid or to grounding
electrode external to concrete. Exposed copper and connection points shall be coated with 3M
Scotch Coat or approved material
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A.
Report measured ground resistances that exceed the following values:
1.
2.
3.
B.
Power and Lighting Equipment: 3 ohms.
Power Distribution Units or Panelboards Serving Electronic Equipment: 3 ohm(s).
Substations and Pad-Mounted Equipment: 5 ohms.
Excessive Ground Resistance: If resistance to ground exceeds specified values, notify Architect
promptly and include recommendations to reduce ground resistance.
END OF SECTION 16060
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SECTION 16072 - HANGERS AND SUPPORTS FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A.
1.2
Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and
Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
SUMMARY
A.
This Section includes the following:
1.
2.
1.3
Hangers and supports for electrical equipment and systems.
Construction requirements for concrete bases.
DEFINITIONS
A.
EMT: Electrical metallic tubing.
B.
IBC: International Building Code.
C.
IMC: Intermediate metal conduit.
D.
RMC: Rigid metal conduit.
E.
SBC: Standard Building Code.
F.
UBC: Uniform Building Code.
1.4
SUBMITTALS
A.
Product Data: Illustrate and indicate style, material, strength, fastening provision, and finish for each type
and size of electrical support component used.
1.
B.
Shop Drawings: Indicate materials and dimensions and identify hardware, including attachment and
anchorage devices, signed and sealed by a qualified professional engineer. Professional engineer
qualification requirements are specified in Division 1 Section "Quality Requirements." Include the
following:
1.
C.
Annotate to indicate application of each product submitted and compliance with requirements.
Fabricated Supports: Representations of field-fabricated supports not detailed on Drawings.
Field quality-control test reports.
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PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
MANUFACTURERS
A.
In other Part 2 articles where titles below introduce lists, the following requirements apply to product
selection:
1.
2.2
Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the
manufacturers specified.
SUPPORT, ANCHORAGE, AND ATTACHMENT COMPONENTS
A.
Rated Strength: Adequate in tension, shear, and pullout force to resist maximum loads calculated or
imposed under this Project, with a minimum structural safety factor of five times the applied force.
B.
Steel Slotted Support Systems: Comply with MFMA-3, factory-fabricated components for field
assembly.
1.
Manufacturers:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
Finishes:
a.
b.
3.
Cooper B-Line; a division of Cooper Industries.
Allied Support Systems; Power-Strut Unit.
National Pipe Hanger Corp.
Thomas & Betts Corporation.
Unistrut; Tyco International, Ltd.
Metallic Coatings: Hot-dip galvanized after fabrication and applied according to MFMA3.
Painted Coatings: Manufacturer's standard painted coating applied according to MFMA-3.
Channel Dimensions: Selected for structural loading.
C.
Raceway and Cable Supports: As described in NECA 1.
D.
Conduit and Cable Support Devices: Steel and malleable-iron hangers, clamps, and associated fittings,
designed for types and sizes of raceway or cable to be supported.
E.
Support for Conductors in Vertical Conduit: Factory-fabricated assembly consisting of threaded body
and insulating wedging plug or plugs for non-armored electrical conductors or cables in riser conduits.
Plugs shall have number, size, and shape of conductor gripping pieces as required to suit individual
conductors or cables supported. Body shall be malleable iron.
F.
Structural Steel for Fabricated Supports and Restraints: ASTM A 36/A 36M, steel plates, shapes, and
bars; black and galvanized.
G.
Mounting, Anchoring, and Attachment Components: Items for fastening electrical items or their
supports to building surfaces include the following:
1.
Mechanical-Expansion Anchors: Insert-wedge-type, stainless steel, for use in hardened portland
cement concrete with tension, shear, and pullout capacities appropriate for supported loads and
building materials in which used.
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a.
Manufacturers:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.3
Cooper B-Line; a division of Cooper Industries.
Empire Tool and Manufacturing Co., Inc
Hilti, Inc.
ITW Construction Products.
MKT Fastening, LLC.
Concrete Inserts: Steel or malleable-iron slotted-support-system units similar to MSS Type 18;
complying with MFMA-3 or MSS SP-58.
Clamps for Attachment to Steel Structural Elements: MSS SP-58, type suitable for attached
structural element.
Through Bolts: Structural type, hex head, high strength. Comply with ASTM A 325.
Toggle Bolts: All-steel springhead type.
Hanger Rods: Threaded steel.
FABRICATED METAL EQUIPMENT SUPPORT ASSEMBLIES
A.
Description: Welded or bolted, structural-steel shapes, shop or field fabricated to fit dimensions of
supported equipment.
B.
Materials: Comply with requirements in Division 5 Section "Metal Fabrications" for steel shapes and
plates.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
APPLICATION
A.
Comply with NECA 1 for application of hangers and supports for electrical equipment and systems,
except if requirements in this Section are stricter.
B.
Maximum Support Spacing and Minimum Hanger Rod Size for Raceway: Space supports for EMT,
IMC, and RMC as scheduled in NECA 1, where Table 1 lists maximum spacings less than stated in
NFPA 70. Minimum rod size shall be 1/4 inch in diameter.
C.
Multiple Raceways or Cables: Install trapeze-type supports fabricated with steel slotted support system,
sized so capacity can be increased by at least 25 percent in future without exceeding specified design
load limits.
1.
D.
3.2
Secure raceways and cables to trapeze member with clamps approved for application by an agency
acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.
Spring-steel clamps designed for supporting single conduits without bolts may be used for 1-1/2-inch and
smaller raceways serving branch circuits and communication systems above suspended ceilings and for
fastening raceways to trapeze supports.
SUPPORT INSTALLATION
A.
Comply with NECA 1 for installation requirements, except as specified in this Article.
B.
Raceway Support Methods: In addition to methods described in NECA 1, EMT, IMC, and RMC may be
supported by openings through structure members, as permitted in NFPA 70.
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C.
Strength of Support Assemblies: Where not indicated, select sizes of components so strength will be
adequate to carry present and future static loads within specified loading limits. Minimum static design
load used for strength determination shall be weight of supported components plus 200 lb.
D.
Mounting and Anchorage of Surface-Mounted Equipment and Components: Anchor and fasten electrical
items and their supports to building structural elements by the following methods unless otherwise
indicated by code:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
E.
3.3
To Wood: Fasten with lag screws or through bolts.
To New Concrete: Bolt to concrete inserts.
To Masonry: Approved toggle-type bolts on hollow masonry units and expansion anchor
fasteners on solid masonry units.
To Existing Concrete: Expansion anchor fasteners.
Instead of expansion anchors, powder-actuated driven threaded studs provided with lock washers
and nuts may be used in existing standard-weight concrete 4 inches thick or greater. Do not use
for anchorage to lightweight-aggregate concrete or for slabs less than 4 inches thick.
To Steel: Welded threaded studs complying with AWS D1.1/D1.1M, with lock washers and nuts
or Beam clamps (MSS Type 19, 21, 23, 25, or 27) complying with MSS SP-69 or Spring-tension
clamps.
To Light Steel: Sheet metal screws.
Items Mounted on Hollow Walls and Nonstructural Building Surfaces: Mount cabinets,
panelboards, disconnect switches, control enclosures, pull and junction boxes, transformers, and
other devices on slotted-channel racks attached to substrate.
Drill holes for expansion anchors in concrete at locations and to depths that avoid reinforcing bars.
INSTALLATION OF FABRICATED METAL SUPPORTS
A.
Comply with installation requirements in Division 5 Section "Metal Fabrications" for site-fabricated
metal supports.
B.
Cut, fit, and place miscellaneous metal supports accurately in location, alignment, and elevation to
support and anchor electrical materials and equipment.
C.
Field Welding: Comply with AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
3.4
CONCRETE BASES
A.
Concrete Bases: Anchor equipment to concrete base according to equipment manufacturer's written
instructions and seismic criteria at Project.
B.
Construct concrete bases of dimensions indicated but not less than 4 inches larger in both directions than
supported unit, no less than 4” thick and so expansion anchors will be a minimum of 10 bolt diameters
from edge of the base.
1.
2.
3.
Place and secure anchorage devices. Use supported equipment manufacturer's setting drawings,
templates, diagrams, instructions, and directions furnished with items to be embedded.
Install anchor bolts to elevations required for proper attachment to supported equipment.
Install anchor bolts according to anchor-bolt manufacturer's written instructions.
END OF SECTION 16072
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SECTION 16075 – IDENTIFICATION FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
SUMMARY
A.
This Section includes the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.2
Identification for raceway and metal-clad cable.
Identification for conductors and communication and control cable.
Underground-line warning tape.
Warning labels and signs.
Instruction signs.
Equipment identification labels.
Miscellaneous identification products.
SUBMITTALS
A.
Product Data: For each electrical identification product indicated.
B.
Identification Schedule: An index of nomenclature of electrical equipment and system components used
in identification signs and labels.
C.
Samples: For each type of label and sign to illustrate size, colors, lettering style, mounting provisions,
and graphic features of identification products.
1.3
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
Comply with NFPA 70.
B.
Comply with 29 CFR 1910.145.
1.4
COORDINATION
A.
Coordinate identification names, abbreviations, colors, and other features with requirements in the
Contract Documents, Shop Drawings, manufacturer's wiring diagrams, and the Operation and
Maintenance Manual, and with those required by codes, standards, and 29 CFR 1910.145. Use consistent
designations throughout Project.
B.
Coordinate installation of identifying devices with completion of covering and painting of surfaces where
devices are to be applied.
C.
Coordinate installation of identifying devices with location of access panels and doors.
D.
Install identifying devices before installing acoustical ceilings and similar concealment.
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PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
RACEWAY AND METAL-CLAD CABLE IDENTIFICATION MATERIALS
A.
Comply with ANSI A13.1 for minimum size of letters for legend and for minimum length of color field
for each raceway and cable size.
B.
Color for Printed Legend:
1.
2.
Power Circuits: Black letters on an orange field.
Legend: Indicate system or service and voltage, if applicable.
C.
Self-Adhesive Vinyl Labels: Preprinted, flexible label laminated with a clear, weather- and chemicalresistant coating and matching wraparound adhesive tape for securing ends of legend label.
D.
Self-Adhesive Vinyl Tape: Colored, heavy duty, waterproof, fade resistant; 2 inches wide; compounded
for outdoor use.
2.2
CONDUCTOR AND COMMUNICATION- AND CONTROL-CABLE IDENTIFICATION
MATERIALS
A.
Color-Coding Conductor Tape: Colored, self-adhesive vinyl tape not less than 3 mils thick by 1 to 2
inches wide.
B.
Marker Tapes: Vinyl or vinyl-cloth, self-adhesive wraparound type, with circuit identification legend
machine printed by thermal transfer or equivalent process.
C.
Write-On Tags: Polyester tag, 0.015 inch thick, with corrosion-resistant grommet and polyester or nylon
tie for attachment to conductor or cable.
1.
2.3
Marker for Tags: Permanent, waterproof, black ink marker recommended by tag manufacturer.
UNDERGROUND-LINE WARNING TAPE
A.
Description: Permanent, bright-colored, continuous-printed, polyethylene tape.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.4
Not less than 6 inches wide by 4 mils thick.
Compounded for permanent direct-burial service.
Embedded continuous metallic strip or core.
Printed legend shall indicate type of underground line.
WARNING LABELS AND SIGNS
A.
Comply with NFPA 70 and 29 CFR 1910.145.
B.
Self-Adhesive Warning Labels: Factory printed, multicolor, pressure-sensitive adhesive labels,
configured for display on front cover, door, or other access to equipment, unless otherwise indicated.
C.
Baked-Enamel Warning Signs: Preprinted aluminum signs, punched or drilled for fasteners, with colors,
legend, and size required for application. 1/4-inch grommets in corners for mounting. Nominal size, 7
by 10 inches.
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D.
Metal-Backed, Butyrate Warning Signs: Weather-resistant, nonfading, preprinted, cellulose-acetate
butyrate signs with 0.0396-inch galvanized-steel backing; and with colors, legend, and size required for
application. 1/4-inch grommets in corners for mounting. Nominal size, 10 by 14 inches.
E.
Warning label and sign shall include, but are not limited to, the following legends:
1.
2.
3.
2.5
Multiple Power Source Warning:
"DANGER - ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD EQUIPMENT HAS MULTIPLE POWER SOURCES."
Workspace Clearance Warning: "WARNING - OSHA REGULATION - AREA IN FRONT OF
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MUST BE KEPT CLEAR FOR 36 INCHES."
Other warnings: As detailed on plans.
INSTRUCTION SIGNS
A.
Engraved, laminated acrylic or melamine plastic, minimum 1/16 inch thick for signs up to 20 sq. in. and
1/8 inch thick for larger sizes.
1.
2.
3.
2.6
Engraved legend with black letters on white face.
Punched or drilled for mechanical fasteners.
Framed with mitered acrylic molding and arranged for attachment at applicable equipment.
EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION LABELS
A.
Self-Adhesive, Engraved, Laminated Acrylic or Melamine Label: Adhesive backed, with white letters
on a dark-gray background. Minimum letter height shall be 3/8 inch.
B.
Stenciled Legend: In nonfading, waterproof, black ink or paint. Minimum letter height shall be 1 inch.
2.7
MISCELLANEOUS IDENTIFICATION PRODUCTS
A.
Cable Ties: Fungus-inert, self-extinguishing, 1-piece, self-locking, Type 6/6 nylon cable ties.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Minimum Width: 3/16 inch.
Tensile Strength: 50 lb, minimum.
Temperature Range: Minus 40 to plus 185 deg F.
Color: Black, except where used for color-coding.
B.
Paint: Paint materials and application requirements are specified in Division 9 painting Sections.
C.
Fasteners for Labels and Signs: Self-tapping, stainless-steel screws or stainless-steel machine screws
with nuts and flat and lock washers.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
APPLICATION
A.
Accessible Raceways and Metal-Clad Cables, 600 V or Less, for Service, Feeder, and Branch Circuits
More Than 30 A: Identify with orange self-adhesive vinyl label.
B.
Accessible Raceways and Cables of Auxiliary Systems: Identify the following systems with colorcoded, self-adhesive vinyl tape applied in bands:
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Fire Alarm System: Red.
Fire-Suppression Supervisory and Control System: Red and yellow.
Combined Fire Alarm and Security System: Red and blue.
Security System: Blue and yellow.
Mechanical and Electrical Supervisory System: Green and blue.
Telecommunication System: Green and yellow.
Control Wiring: Green and red.
C.
Power-Circuit Conductor Identification: For primary and secondary conductors No. 1/0 AWG and larger
in vaults, pull and junction boxes, manholes, and handholes use color-coding conductor tape. Identify
source and circuit number of each set of conductors. For single conductor cables, identify phase in
addition to the above.
D.
Branch-Circuit Conductor Identification: Where there are conductors for more than three branch circuits
in same junction or pull box, use color-coding conductor tape and write-on tags. Identify each
ungrounded conductor according to source and circuit number.
E.
Conductors to Be Extended in the Future: Attach write-on tags to conductors and list source and circuit
number.
F.
Auxiliary Electrical Systems Conductor Identification: Identify field-installed alarm, control, signal,
sound, intercommunications, voice, and data connections.
1.
2.
3.
Identify conductors, cables, and terminals in enclosures and at junctions, terminals, and pull
points. Identify by system and circuit designation.
Use system of marker tape designations that is uniform and consistent with system used by
manufacturer for factory-installed connections.
Coordinate identification with Project Drawings, manufacturer's wiring diagrams, and Operation
and Maintenance Manual.
G.
Locations of Underground Lines: Identify with underground-line warning tape for power, lighting,
communication, and control wiring and optical fiber cable. Install underground-line warning tape for
both direct-buried cables and cables in raceway.
H.
Warning Labels for Indoor Cabinets, Boxes, and Enclosures for Power and Lighting: Comply with 29
CFR 1910.145 and apply metal-backed, butyrate warning signs. Identify system voltage with black
letters on an orange background. Apply to exterior of door, cover, or other access.
1.
Equipment with Multiple Power or Control Sources: Apply to door or cover of equipment
including, but not limited to, the following:
a.
b.
2.
I.
Power transfer switches.
Controls with external control power connections.
Equipment Requiring Workspace Clearance According to NFPA 70: Unless otherwise indicated,
apply to door or cover of equipment but not on flush panelboards and similar equipment in
finished spaces.
Instruction Signs:
1.
2.
Operating Instructions: Install instruction signs to facilitate proper operation and maintenance of
electrical systems and items to which they connect. Install instruction signs with approved legend
where instructions are needed for system or equipment operation.
Emergency Operating Instructions: Install instruction signs with white legend on a red
background with minimum 3/8-inch- high letters for emergency instructions at equipment used for
power transfer.
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J.
Equipment Identification Labels: On each unit of equipment, install unique designation label that is
consistent with wiring diagrams, schedules, and Operation and Maintenance Manual. Apply labels to
disconnect switches and protection equipment, central or master units, control panels, control stations,
terminal cabinets, and racks of each system. Systems include power, lighting, control, communication,
signal, monitoring, and alarm systems unless equipment is provided with its own identification.
1.
Labeling Instructions:
a.
b.
c.
2.
Equipment to Be Labeled:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
3.2
Indoor Equipment: Engraved, laminated acrylic or melamine label. Unless otherwise
indicated, provide a single line of text with 1/2-inch- high letters on 1-1/2-inch- high label;
where 2 lines of text are required, use labels 2 inches high.
Outdoor Equipment: Engraved, laminated acrylic or melamine label.
Elevated Components: Increase sizes of labels and letters to those appropriate for viewing
from the floor.
Panelboards, electrical cabinets, and enclosures.
Access doors and panels for concealed electrical items.
Electrical switchgear and switchboards.
Transformers.
Emergency system boxes and enclosures.
Disconnect switches.
Enclosed circuit breakers.
Motor starters.
Push-button stations.
Power transfer equipment.
Contactors.
Remote-controlled switches, dimmer modules, and control devices.
Power-generating units.
Voice and data cable terminal equipment.
Master clock and program equipment.
Television/audio components, racks, and controls.
Fire-alarm control panel and annunciators.
Security and intrusion-detection control stations, control panels, terminal cabinets, and
racks.
Monitoring and control equipment.
Uninterruptible power supply equipment.
Terminals, racks, and patch panels for voice and data communication and for signal and
control functions.
INSTALLATION
A.
Verify identity of each item before installing identification products.
B.
Location: Install identification materials and devices at locations for most convenient viewing without
interference with operation and maintenance of equipment.
C.
Apply identification devices to surfaces that require finish after completing finish work.
D.
Self-Adhesive Identification Products: Clean surfaces before application, using materials and methods
recommended by manufacturer of identification device.
E.
Attach nonadhesive signs and plastic labels with screws and auxiliary hardware appropriate to the
location and substrate.
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F.
System Identification Color Banding for Raceways and Cables: Each color band shall completely
encircle cable or conduit. Place adjacent bands of two-color markings in contact, side by side. Locate
bands at changes in direction, at penetrations of walls and floors, at 50-foot maximum intervals in
straight runs, and at 25-foot maximum intervals in congested areas.
G.
Color-Coding for Phase and Voltage Level Identification, 600 V and Less: Use the colors listed below
for ungrounded service, feeder, and branch-circuit conductors.
1.
2.
Color shall be factory applied or, for sizes larger than No. 10 AWG if authorities having
jurisdiction permit, field applied.
Colors for 208/120-V Circuits:
a.
b.
c.
3.
Colors for 480/277-V Circuits:
a.
b.
c.
4.
Phase A: Black.
Phase B: Red.
Phase C: Blue.
Phase A: Brown.
Phase B: Orange.
Phase C: Yellow.
Field-Applied, Color-Coding Conductor Tape: Apply in half-lapped turns for a minimum distance
of 6 inches from terminal points and in boxes where splices or taps are made. Apply last two turns
of tape with no tension to prevent possible unwinding. Locate bands to avoid obscuring factory
cable markings.
H.
Aluminum Wraparound Marker Labels and Metal Tags: Secure tight to surface of conductor or cable at
a location with high visibility and accessibility.
I.
Underground-Line Warning Tape: During backfilling of trenches install continuous underground-line
warning tape directly above line at 6 to 8 inches below finished grade. Use multiple tapes where width
of multiple lines installed in a common trench exceeds 16 inches overall.
J.
Painted Identification: Prepare surface and apply paint according to Division 9 painting Sections.
END OF SECTION 16075
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SECTION 16120 - LOW-VOLTAGE ELECRICAL POWER CONDUCTORS AND CABLES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
SUMMARY
A.
1.2
This Section includes building wires and cables and associated connectors, splices, and terminations for
wiring systems rated 600 V and less.
SUBMITTALS
A.
Product Data: For each type of product indicated.
B.
Qualification Data: For testing agency.
C.
Field Quality-Control Test Reports: From a qualified testing and inspecting agency engaged by
Contractor.
1.3
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
Testing Agency Qualifications: Testing agency as defined by OSHA in 29 CFR 1910.7 or a member
company of the International Electrical Testing Association and that is acceptable to authorities having
jurisdiction.
B.
Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, Article
100, by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, and marked for intended use.
C.
Comply with NFPA 70.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
MANUFACTURERS
A.
In other Part 2 articles where subparagraph titles below introduce lists, the following requirements apply
for product selection:
1.
2.2
Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by the manufacturers
specified.
CONDUCTORS AND CABLES
A.
Manufacturers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Alcan Aluminum Corporation; Alcan Cable Div.
American Insulated Wire Corp.; a Leviton Company.
General Cable Corporation.
Senator Wire & Cable Company.
Southwire Company.
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B.
Refer to Part 3 "Conductor and Insulation Applications" Article for insulation type, cable construction,
and ratings.
C.
Conductor Material: Copper complying with NEMA WC 5; solid conductor for No. 10 AWG and
smaller, stranded for No. 8 AWG and larger.
D.
Conductor Insulation Types: Type THW, THHN-THWN, XHHW and SO complying with NEMA WC
5.
E.
Multiconductor Cable: Metal-clad cable, Type MC and Type SO with ground wire.
2.3
CONNECTORS AND SPLICES
A.
Manufacturers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B.
AFC Cable Systems, Inc.
AMP Incorporated/Tyco International.
Hubbell/Anderson.
O-Z/Gedney; EGS Electrical Group LLC.
3M Company; Electrical Products Division.
Description: Factory-fabricated connectors and splices of size, ampacity rating, material, type, and class
for application and service indicated.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
CONDUCTOR AND INSULATION APPLICATIONS
A.
Service Entrance: Type THHN-THWN, single conductors in raceway.
B.
Exposed Feeders: Type THHN-THWN, single conductors in raceway.
C.
Feeders Concealed in Ceilings, Walls, and Partitions: Type THHN-THWN, single conductors in
raceway.
D.
Feeders Concealed in Concrete, below Slabs-on-Grade, and in Crawlspaces: Type THHN-THWN, single
conductors in raceway.
E.
Exposed Branch Circuits, including in Crawlspaces: Type THHN-THWN, single conductors in raceway.
F.
Branch Circuits Concealed in Ceilings, Walls, and Partitions: Type THHN-THWN, single conductors in
raceway.
G.
Branch Circuits Concealed in Concrete and below Slabs-on-Grade: Type THHN-THWN, single
conductors in raceway.
H.
Cord Drops and Portable Appliance Connections: Type SO, hard service cord.
I.
Fire Alarm Circuits: Type THHN-THWN, or power-limited, fire-protective, signaling circuit cable in
raceway.
J.
Class 1 Control Circuits: Type THHN-THWN, in raceway.
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K.
3.2
Class 2 Control Circuits: Type THHN-THWN, in raceway or power-limited cable, concealed in building
finishes.
INSTALLATION
A.
Conceal cables in finished walls, ceilings, and floors, unless otherwise indicated.
B.
Use manufacturer-approved pulling compound or lubricant where necessary; compound used must not
deteriorate conductor or insulation. Do not exceed manufacturer's recommended maximum pulling
tensions and sidewall pressure values.
C.
Use pulling means, including fish tape, cable, rope, and basket-weave wire/cable grips, that will not
damage cables or raceway.
D.
Install exposed cables parallel and perpendicular to surfaces of exposed structural members, and follow
surface contours where possible.
E.
Support cables according to Division 16 Section "Basic Electrical Materials and Methods."
F.
Seal around cables penetrating fire-rated elements according to Division 7 Section "Through-Penetration
Firestop Systems."
G.
Identify and color-code conductors and cables according to Division 16 Section "Identification for
Electrical Systems."
3.3
CONNECTIONS
A.
Tighten electrical connectors and terminals according to manufacturer's published torque-tightening
values. If manufacturer's torque values are not indicated, use those specified in UL 486A and UL 486B.
B.
Make splices and taps that are compatible with conductor material and that possess equivalent or better
mechanical strength and insulation ratings than unspliced conductors.
C.
Wiring at Outlets: Install conductor at each outlet, with at least 6 inches of slack.
3.4
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A.
Testing: Perform the following field quality-control testing:
1.
2.
B.
After installing conductors and cables and before electrical circuitry has been energized, test for
compliance with requirements.
Perform each electrical test and visual and mechanical inspection stated in NETA ATS, Section
7.3.1. Certify compliance with test parameters.
Test Reports: Prepare a written report to record the following:
1.
2.
3.
Test procedures used.
Test results that comply with requirements.
Test results that do not comply with requirements and corrective action taken to achieve
compliance with requirements.
END OF SECTION 16120
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SECTION 16130 - RACEWAY AND BOXES FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
SUMMARY
A.
This Section includes raceways, fittings, boxes, enclosures, and cabinets for electrical wiring.
B.
Related Sections include the following:
1.
2.
1.2
Division 7 Section "Through-Penetration Firestop Systems" for firestopping materials and
installation at penetrations through walls, ceilings, and other fire-rated elements.
Division 16 Section "Wiring Devices" for devices installed in boxes and for floor-box service
fittings.
DEFINITIONS
A.
EMT: Electrical metallic tubing.
B.
ENT: Electrical nonmetallic tubing.
C.
FMC: Flexible metal conduit.
D.
IMC: Intermediate metal conduit.
E.
LFMC: Liquidtight flexible metal conduit.
F.
RNC: Rigid nonmetallic conduit.
1.3
SUBMITTALS
A.
1.4
Product Data: For surface raceways, wireways and fittings, floor boxes, hinged-cover enclosures, and
cabinets.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, Article
100, by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, and marked for intended use.
B.
Comply with NFPA 70.
1.5
COORDINATION
A.
Coordinate layout and installation of raceways, boxes, enclosures, cabinets, and suspension system with
other construction that penetrates ceilings or is supported by them, including light fixtures, HVAC
equipment, fire-suppression system, and partition assemblies.
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PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
MANUFACTURERS
A.
In other Part 2 articles where subparagraph titles below introduce lists, the following requirements apply
for product selection:
1.
2.2
Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by the manufacturers
specified.
METAL CONDUIT AND TUBING
A.
Manufacturers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
AFC Cable Systems, Inc.
Anamet Electrical, Inc.; Anaconda Metal Hose.
Grinnell Co./Tyco International; Allied Tube and Conduit Div.
LTV Steel Tubular Products Company.
O-Z Gedney; Unit of General Signal.
Wheatland Tube Co.
B.
Rigid Steel Conduit: ANSI C80.1.
C.
IMC: ANSI C80.6.
D.
Plastic-Coated Steel Conduit and Fittings: NEMA RN 1.
E.
Plastic-Coated IMC and Fittings: NEMA RN 1.
F.
EMT and Fittings: ANSI C80.3.
1.
Fittings: Set-screw or compression type.
G.
FMC: Zinc-coated steel.
H.
LFMC: Flexible steel conduit with PVC jacket.
I.
Fittings: NEMA FB 1; compatible with conduit and tubing materials.
2.3
NONMETALLIC CONDUIT AND TUBING
A.
Manufacturers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
B.
American International.
Anamet Electrical, Inc.; Anaconda Metal Hose.
Arnco Corp.
Cantex Inc.
Certainteed Corp.; Pipe & Plastics Group.
Lamson & Sessions; Carlon Electrical Products.
RACO; Division of Hubbell, Inc.
Spiralduct, Inc./AFC Cable Systems, Inc.
Thomas & Betts Corporation.
RNC: NEMA TC 2, Schedule 40 and Schedule 80 PVC.
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C.
2.4
RNC Fittings: NEMA TC 3; match to conduit or tubing type and material.
METAL WIREWAYS
A.
Manufacturers:
1.
2.
3.
Hoffman.
Square D.
Or equal approved by Engineer.
B.
Material and Construction: Sheet metal sized and shaped as indicated, NEMA 1 or 3R as indicated on
plans.
C.
Fittings and Accessories: Include couplings, offsets, elbows, expansion joints, adapters, hold-down
straps, end caps, and other fittings to match and mate with wireways as required for complete system.
D.
Select features, unless otherwise indicated, as required to complete wiring system and to comply with
NFPA 70.
E.
Wireway Covers: Hinged type.
F.
Finish: Manufacturer's standard enamel finish.
2.5
SURFACE RACEWAYS
A.
Surface Metal Raceways: Galvanized steel with snap-on covers. Finish with manufacturer's standard
prime coating.
1.
Manufacturers:
a.
b.
c.
d.
B.
2.6
Airey-Thompson Sentinel Lighting; Wiremold Company (The).
Thomas & Betts Corporation.
Walker Systems, Inc.; Wiremold Company (The).
Wiremold Company (The); Electrical Sales Division.
Types, sizes, and channels as indicated and required for each application, with fittings that match and
mate with raceways.
BOXES, ENCLOSURES, AND CABINETS
A.
Manufacturers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
B.
Cooper Crouse-Hinds; Div. of Cooper Industries, Inc.
Emerson/General Signal; Appleton Electric Company.
Erickson Electrical Equipment Co.
Hoffman.
Hubbell, Inc.; Killark Electric Manufacturing Co.
O-Z/Gedney; Unit of General Signal.
Thomas & Betts Corporation.
Walker Systems, Inc.; Wiremold Company (The).
Sheet Metal Outlet and Device Boxes: NEMA OS 1.
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C.
Cast-Metal Outlet and Device Boxes: NEMA FB 1, Type FD, with gasketed cover.
D.
Floor Boxes: Cast metal, fully adjustable, rectangular.
E.
Small Sheet Metal Pull and Junction Boxes: NEMA OS 1.
F.
Cast-Metal Pull and Junction Boxes: NEMA FB 1, cast aluminum with gasketed cover.
G.
Hinged-Cover Enclosures: NEMA 250, Type 1, with continuous hinge cover and flush latch.
1.
H.
2.7
Metal Enclosures: Steel, finished inside and out with manufacturer's standard enamel.
Cabinets: NEMA 250, Type 1, galvanized steel box with removable interior panel and removable front,
finished inside and out with manufacturer's standard enamel. Hinged door in front cover with flush latch
and concealed hinge. Key latch to match panelboards. Include metal barriers to separate wiring of
different systems and voltage and include accessory feet where required for freestanding equipment.
FACTORY FINISHES
A.
Finish: For raceway, enclosure, or cabinet components, provide manufacturer's standard prime-coat
finish ready for field painting.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
RACEWAY APPLICATION
A.
Outdoors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B.
Exposed: Rigid steel or IMC.
Concealed: Rigid steel or IMC.
Underground, Single Run: RNC.
Underground, Grouped: RNC.
Connection to Vibrating Equipment (Including Transformers and Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Electric
Solenoid, or Motor-Driven Equipment): LFMC.
Boxes and Enclosures: NEMA 250, Type 3R.
Indoors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Exposed: EMT.
Concealed: EMT.
Connection to Vibrating Equipment (Including Transformers and Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Electric
Solenoid, or Motor-Driven Equipment): FMC; except use LFMC in damp or wet locations.
Damp or Wet Locations: Rigid steel conduit.
Boxes and Enclosures: NEMA 250, Type 1, except as follows:
a.
Damp or Wet Locations: NEMA 250, Type 4.
C.
Minimum Raceway Size: ¾"-inch trade size.
D.
Raceway Fittings: Compatible with raceways and suitable for use and location.
1.
2.
Intermediate Steel Conduit: Use threaded rigid steel conduit fittings, unless otherwise indicated.
PVC Externally Coated, Rigid Steel Conduits: Use only fittings approved for use with that
material. Patch all nicks and scrapes in PVC coating after installing conduits.
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3.2
INSTALLATION
A.
Keep raceways at least 6 inches away from parallel runs of flues and steam or hot-water pipes. Install
horizontal raceway runs above water and steam piping.
B.
Complete raceway installation before starting conductor installation.
C.
Support raceways as specified in Division 16 Section "Hangers and Supports for Electrical Systems."
D.
Install temporary closures to prevent foreign matter from entering raceways.
E.
Protect stub-ups from damage where conduits rise through floor slabs. Arrange so curved portions of
bends are not visible above the finished slab.
F.
Make bends and offsets so ID is not reduced. Keep legs of bends in the same plane and keep straight
legs of offsets parallel, unless otherwise indicated.
G.
Conceal conduit and EMT within finished walls, ceilings, and floors, unless otherwise indicated.
1.
H.
Raceways Embedded in Slabs: Install in middle 1/3 of slab thickness where practical and leave at least 2
inches of concrete cover.
1.
2.
3.
4.
I.
Secure raceways to reinforcing rods to prevent sagging or shifting during concrete placement.
Space raceways laterally to prevent voids in concrete.
Run conduit larger than 1-inch trade size parallel or at right angles to main reinforcement. Where
at right angles to reinforcement, place conduit close to slab support.
Change from nonmetallic tubing to rigid steel conduit, or IMC before rising above the floor.
Install exposed raceways parallel or at right angles to nearby surfaces or structural members and follow
surface contours as much as possible.
1.
2.
J.
Install concealed raceways with a minimum of bends in the shortest practical distance, considering
type of building construction and obstructions, unless otherwise indicated.
Run parallel or banked raceways together on common supports.
Make parallel bends in parallel or banked runs. Use factory elbows only where elbows can be
installed parallel; otherwise, provide field bends for parallel raceways.
Join raceways with fittings designed and approved for that purpose and make joints tight.
1.
Use insulating bushings to protect conductors.
K.
Tighten set screws of threadless fittings with suitable tools.
L.
Terminations:
1.
2.
M.
Where raceways are terminated with locknuts and bushings, align raceways to enter squarely and
install locknuts with dished part against box. Use two locknuts, one inside and one outside box.
Where raceways are terminated with threaded hubs, screw raceways or fittings tightly into hub so
end bears against wire protection shoulder. Where chase nipples are used, align raceways so
coupling is square to box; tighten chase nipple so no threads are exposed.
Install pull wires in empty raceways. Use polypropylene or monofilament plastic line with not less than
200-lb tensile strength. Leave at least 12 inches of slack at each end of pull wire.
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N.
Telephone and Signal System Raceways, 2-Inch Trade Size and Smaller: In addition to above
requirements, install raceways in maximum lengths of 150 feet and with a maximum of two 90-degree
bends or equivalent. Separate lengths with pull or junction boxes where necessary to comply with these
requirements.
O.
Install raceway sealing fittings at suitable, approved, and accessible locations and fill them with ULlisted sealing compound. For concealed raceways, install each fitting in a flush steel box with a blank
cover plate having a finish similar to that of adjacent plates or surfaces. Install raceway sealing fittings at
the following points:
1.
2.
Where conduits pass from warm to cold locations, such as boundaries of refrigerated spaces.
Where otherwise required by NFPA 70.
P.
Stub-up Connections: Extend conduits through concrete floor for connection to freestanding equipment.
Install with an adjustable top or coupling threaded inside for plugs set flush with finished floor. Extend
conductors to equipment with rigid steel conduit; FMC may be used 6 inches above the floor. Install
screwdriver-operated, threaded plugs flush with floor for future equipment connections.
Q.
Flexible Connections: Use maximum of 72 inches of flexible conduit for recessed and semirecessed
lighting fixtures; for equipment subject to vibration, noise transmission, or movement; and for all motors.
Use LFMC in damp or wet locations. Install separate ground conductor across flexible connections.
R.
Surface Raceways: Install a separate, green, ground conductor in raceways from junction box supplying
raceways to receptacle or fixture ground terminals.
S.
Set floor boxes level and flush with finished floor surface.
T.
Install hinged-cover enclosures and cabinets plumb. Support at each corner.
3.3
PROTECTION
A.
Provide final protection and maintain conditions that ensure coatings, finishes, and cabinets are without
damage or deterioration at time of Substantial Completion.
1.
2.
3.4
Repair damage to galvanized finishes with zinc-rich paint recommended by manufacturer.
Repair damage to PVC or paint finishes with matching touchup coating recommended by
manufacturer.
CLEANING
A.
After completing installation of exposed, factory-finished raceways and boxes, inspect exposed finishes
and repair damaged finishes.
END OF SECTION 16130
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SECTION 16140 - WIRING DEVICES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
SUMMARY
A.
This Section includes the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.2
Single and duplex receptacles, ground-fault circuit interrupters, and integral surge suppression
units.
Single- and double-pole snap switches and dimmer switches.
Device wall plates.
Pin and sleeve connectors and receptacles.
Floor service outlets, poke-through assemblies, service poles, and multioutlet assemblies.
DEFINITIONS
A.
EMI: Electromagnetic interference.
B.
GFCI: Ground-fault circuit interrupter.
C.
PVC: Polyvinyl chloride.
D.
RFI: Radio-frequency interference.
E.
TVSS: Transient voltage surge suppressor.
F.
UTP: Unshielded twisted pair.
1.3
SUBMITTALS
A.
Product Data: For each type of product indicated.
B.
Shop Drawings: List of legends and description of materials and process used for premarking wall plates.
C.
Samples: One for each type of device and wall plate specified, in each color specified.
D.
Field quality-control test reports.
1.4
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
Source Limitations: Obtain each type of wiring device through one source from a single manufacturer.
B.
Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, Article
100, by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, and marked for intended use.
C.
Comply with NFPA 70.
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1.5
COORDINATION
A.
Receptacles for Owner-Furnished Equipment: Match plug configurations.
1.
Cord and Plug Sets: Match equipment requirements.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
MANUFACTURERS
A.
Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the following:
1.
Wiring Devices:
a.
b.
c.
2.
Wiring Devices for Hazardous (Classified) Locations:
a.
b.
c.
3.
Hubbell Incorporated; Wiring Device-Kellems.
Wiremold Company (The).
Or equal approved by Engineer.
Poke-Through and Floor Service Outlets:
a.
b.
c.
2.2
Crouse-Hinds/Cooper Industries, Inc.; Arrow Hart Wiring Devices.
EGS/Appleton Electric Company.
Killark Electric Manufacturing Co./Hubbell Incorporated.
Multioutlet Assemblies:
a.
b.
c.
4.
Hubbell Incorporated; Wiring Device-Kellems.
Leviton Mfg. Company Inc.
Pass & Seymour/Legrand; Wiring Devices Div.
Hubbell Incorporated; Wiring Device-Kellems.
Pass & Seymour/Legrand; Wiring Devices Div.
Wiremold Company (The).
RECEPTACLES
A.
Straight-Blade-Type Receptacles: Comply with NEMA WD 1, NEMA WD 6, DSCC W-C-596G, and
UL 498.
B.
Straight-Blade and Locking Receptacles: Heavy-Duty grade.
C.
GFCI Receptacles: Straight blade, feed-through type, Heavy-Duty grade, with integral NEMA WD 6,
Configuration 5-20R duplex receptacle; complying with UL 498 and UL 943. Design units for
installation in a 2-3/4-inch- deep outlet box without an adapter.
D.
TVSS Receptacles: Straight blade, NEMA WD 6, Configuration 5-20R, with integral TVSS in line to
ground, line to neutral, and neutral to ground.
1.
TVSS Components: Multiple metal-oxide varistors; with a nominal clamp level rating of 500
volts and minimum single transient pulse energy dissipation of 140 J line to neutral, and 70 J line
to ground and neutral to ground.
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2.
Active TVSS Indication: Visual only with light visible in face of device to indicate device is
"active" or "no longer in service."
F.
Industrial Heavy-Duty Pin and Sleeve Devices: Comply with IEC 309-1.
G.
Hazardous (Classified) Location Receptacles: Comply with NEMA FB 11.
2.3
PENDANT CORD/CONNECTOR DEVICES
A.
Description: Matching, locking-type plug and receptacle body connector, NEMA WD 6, Configurations
L5-20P and L5-20R, Heavy-Duty grade.
1.
2.
2.4
Body: Nylon with screw-open cable-gripping jaws and provision for attaching external cable grip.
External Cable Grip: Woven wire-mesh type made of high-strength galvanized-steel wire strand,
matched to cable diameter, and with attachment provision designed for corresponding connector.
CORD AND PLUG SETS
A.
Description: Match voltage and current ratings and number of conductors to requirements of equipment
being connected.
1.
2.
2.5
Cord: Rubber-insulated, stranded-copper conductors, with Type SOW-A jacket; with greeninsulated grounding conductor and equipment-rating ampacity plus a minimum of 30 percent.
Plug: Nylon body and integral cable-clamping jaws. Match cord and receptacle type for
connection.
SWITCHES
A.
Single- and Double-Pole Switches: Comply with DSCC W-C-896F and UL 20.
B.
Snap Switches: Heavy-Duty grade, quiet type.
C.
Combination Switch and Receptacle: Both devices in a single gang unit with plaster ears and removable
tab connector that permit separate or common feed connection.
1.
2.
D.
Switch: 20 A, 120/277-V ac.
Receptacle: NEMA WD 6, Configuration 5-15R.
Dimmer Switches: Modular, full-wave, solid-state units with integral, quiet on/off switches and audible
frequency and EMI/RFI filters.
1.
2.
3.
Control: Continuously adjustable slider; with single-pole or three-way switching to suit
connections.
Incandescent Lamp Dimmers: Modular, 120 V, 60 Hz with continuously adjustable slider; single
pole with soft tap or other quiet switch; EMI/RFI filter to eliminate interference; and 5-inch wire
connecting leads.
Fluorescent Lamp Dimmer Switches: Modular; compatible with dimmer ballasts; trim
potentiometer to adjust low-end dimming; dimmer-ballast combination capable of consistent
dimming with low end not greater than 20 percent of full brightness.
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2.6
WALL PLATES
A.
Single and combination types to match corresponding wiring devices.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.7
Plate-Securing Screws: Metal with head color to match plate finish.
Material for Finished Spaces: 0.035-inch- thick, satin-finished stainless steel.
Material for Unfinished Spaces: Galvanized steel.
Material for Wet Locations: Cast aluminum with spring-loaded lift cover, and listed and labeled
for use in "wet locations."
FLOOR SERVICE FITTINGS
A.
Type: Modular, flap-type, dual-service units suitable for wiring method used.
B.
Compartments: Barrier separates power from voice and data communication cabling.
C.
Service Plate: Rectangular, solid brass with satin finish.
D.
Power Receptacle: NEMA WD 6, Configuration 5-20R, gray finish, unless otherwise indicated.
E.
Voice and Data Communication Outlet: Four modular, keyed, color-coded, RJ-45 Category 5 jacks for
UTP cable.
2.8
POKE-THROUGH ASSEMBLIES
A.
Description: Factory-fabricated and -wired assembly of below-floor junction box with multichanneled,
through-floor raceway/firestop unit and detachable matching floor service outlet assembly.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2.9
Service Outlet Assembly: Flush type with two simplex receptacles and space for two RJ-45 jacks.
Size: Selected to fit nominal 3-inch cored holes in floor and matched to floor thickness.
Fire Rating: Unit is listed and labeled for fire rating of floor-ceiling assembly.
Closure Plug: Arranged to close unused 4-inch cored openings and reestablish fire rating of floor.
Wiring Raceways and Compartments: For a minimum of four No. 12 AWG conductors; and a
minimum of two, 4-pair, Category 5 voice and data communication cables.
MULTIOUTLET ASSEMBLIES
A.
Components of Assemblies: Products from a single manufacturer designed for use as a complete,
matching assembly of raceways and receptacles.
B.
Raceway Material: Metal, with manufacturer's standard finish.
C.
Wire: No. 12 AWG.
2.10
FINISHES
A.
Color:
1.
2.
3.
Wiring Devices Connected to Normal Power System: White, unless otherwise indicated or
required by NFPA 70.
Wiring Devices Connected to Emergency Power System: Red.
TVSS Devices: Blue.
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4.
Wiring Devices for computers: Black.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
INSTALLATION
A.
Install devices and assemblies level, plumb, and square with building lines.
B.
Install wall dimmers to achieve indicated rating after derating for ganging according to manufacturer's
written instructions.
C.
Install unshared neutral conductors on line and load side of dimmers according to manufacturers' written
instructions.
D.
Arrangement of Devices: Unless otherwise indicated, mount flush, with long dimension vertical, and
with grounding terminal of receptacles on top. Group adjacent switches under single, multigang wall
plates.
E.
Remove wall plates and protect devices and assemblies during painting.
F.
Adjust locations of floor service outlets and service poles to suit arrangement of partitions and
furnishings.
3.2
CONNECTIONS
A.
Ground equipment according to Division 16 Section "Grounding and Bonding for Electrical Systems."
B.
Connect wiring according to Division 16 Section "Low-Voltage Electrical Power Conductors and
Cables."
C.
Tighten electrical connectors and terminals according to manufacturer's published torque-tightening
values. If manufacturer's torque values are not indicated, use those specified in UL 486A and UL 486B.
3.3
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A.
Perform the following field tests and inspections and prepare test reports:
1.
2.
B.
After installing wiring devices and after electrical circuitry has been energized, test for proper
polarity, ground continuity, and compliance with requirements.
Test GFCI operation with both local and remote fault simulations according to manufacturer's
written instructions.
Remove malfunctioning units, replace with new units, and retest as specified above.
END OF SECTION 16140
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