ofthe
nomenclature
Evolution
of stratigraphic
NewMexico
Gounty,
of Socorro
UpperCretaceous
Houston,
TX
byStephen
C.Hook,Getty0il Company,
had assigneda Colorado age to marine fossils from Carthage.
Gardner (1910)correlatedthe coal-bearing
unit at Carthage with the Mesaverde Formation of the San Juan Basin becauseof its
physicalsimilarity and its age, which he beIieved corresponded"closely if not exactly"
with the Mesaverde.
Gardner's stratigraphicterminology consistedof only three units for the Cretaceous
at Carthage: the Dakota(?) Sandstone,the
Colorado Group, and the Montana Group.
This basicthreefoldsubdivisionof the Crbtaceoushas been used with modificationby
the maioritv of those who have worked at
Carthage(Fig. 2). The Colorado Group had
beenproposedby ClarenceKing, chief of the
Fortieth ParallelSurvey,in 1875for the "great
clay group" of the Cretaceous,which inCarthagearea
cluded equivalentsof the Fort Benton, NioOne of the first coal mines in New Mexico brara, and Fort Pierre Groups of Meek and
was opened in the Carthage coal field by Hayden (Stanton, 1893).Eldridge (1889,p.
U.S. Government troops in 1861to supply 3 1 3 ) p r o p o s e d t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p a s a
the smithing needs of Fort Selden,Fort Ba- method of grouping Upper Cretaceousforyard, and Fort Stanton(Gardner,1910;Sher- mations in the WesternInterior. Under Eldman and Sherman,1975).The first published r i d g e ' s s c h e m e t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s
referenceto the coalfield is that of Le Conte consistedof, in ascendingorder, the Dakota
(1868),who merely mentioned it in passing, Group, the ColoradoGroup (Fort Benton and
as did Stevenson(1881).Marcou (1889,p. Niobrara), the Montana Group (Fort Pierre
221, table IV), in a note about the "white and Fox Hills), and the Laramie Group.
Gardner (1910)published the first measandstone with Ammonitesnoai mexicani
sured
sectionof the Cretaceousat Carthage.
that
the
forms
nooimexicanus]
lPrionocyclus
whole mesa between Albuquerque and the This section (Table1) is important because
Rio Puerco,"statesthat "Lately, 1888,Mr. f . Gardnerused faunal control to correlatethis
Collett, of Indianapolis, has discoveredsouth isolated outcroD with the Cretaceousin the
of Albuquerque at Carthage/ near Socorro, SanJuanBasin,and becauseLee (1916),Darin the continuation of the white sandstone ton (1928),and Pike (1947)used the section
an AmmoniteslenticularisMeek, of the Fox in regional correlations.
Lee (1916,p. 41, fig. 15), using Gardner's
Hills group of the upper Missouri basin."The
white sandstonein the Rio Puerco area is measured section, correlatedthe thick mapresumablythe Gallup Sandstone(Hook and rine shale with the Mancos Shale and the
Cobban, 1,979).The ammonite identified as coal-bearingsequencewith the Mesaverde
Ammoniteslenticulariswas later describedas Formation (Fig. 2). He thought that the Dathe new genus and new speciesCoilopoceraskota(?)Sandstonemight representthe Tres
HermanosSandstoneMemberof the Mancos
colletiby Hyatt (1903).
Marcou's (1889)discussionof the age and Shale.Lee's investigationsalso indicated that
correlation of the Cretaceousrocks at Car- the coal-bearingbeds were of Coloradorather
thage is the first in the literature. Gardner than Montana age as postulatedby Gardner
Previous Investigations
(1910,p. 453) recognizedthat the geologic (1e10).
Darton (1928,p. 74) repeated Gardner's
Cretaceousrocks in SocorroCounty have ageof the coal was a disputed question. His
been mentioned in the published literature fossil collections,from both aboveand below measuredsection,but he correlatedthe shale
since at least 1.868when the entomologist the coal, were determinedby T. W. Stanton. and sandstoneunit with the Mancos(Fig. 2).
John L. Le Conte (1868,p. 135) mentioned Thosebelow the coalconsistedof forms char- Darton also was in doubt as to the identity
the "unmetamorphosedcoal from the coal acteristicof the Benton fauna and were as- of the Dakota Sandstonein the Carthage and
mine eight miles eastof SanAntonio and the signed a Colorado (middle Cenomanian to foyita Hills areas, but he believed that the
Rio Grande"in his study of Cretaceouscoals late Santonian)age.The brackish-waterforms basalsandstonecould representboth the Dain New Mexico. Interesthas continued dur- from above the coal consisted of types that kota Sandstone and the Purgatoire Formaing the intervening 116yearsin part because rangedin age from near the baseof the Col- t i o n . D a r t o n s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e l o w e r
of the economic importance of coal, but just orado up to the Laramie (Maastrichtian). fossiliferous-sandstonebed 500 ft above the
as importantly becauseof the good expo- Stanton(}z Gardner, 1910)believed that the Dakota, the Atarque Sandstone Member of
coal was older than the Laramie and that it the Tres Hermanos Formation of present
suresand abundant fossils.
SocorroCounty contains the type localities Iay within the Montana Group (late Santon- usage, was equivalent to the Greenhorn
for the following Upper Cretaceous guide ian to early Maastrichtian). Previously, both Limestone and was underlain by Graneros
colletiHyatt (1903),C. in- Herrick and fohnson (1900)and Hyatt (1903) Shale.
fossils: Coilopoceras
Introduction
This paper is the companion piece to an
article on the paleontologyand stratigraphy
of the marine Upper Cretaceousof Socorro
County that was published in the 1983New
Mexico GeologicalSocietyGuidebook (Hook,
1983).Only generalinformation on the stratigraphy and paleontologyof SocorroCounty
is presentedin this paper; detailscanbe found
in Hook (1983)and in Hook and others(1983).
Molenaar (1983a)recognized that Upper
Cretaceousrocksin SocorroCounty were deposited during the two earliest of the five
major cyclesof transgressionand regression
of the Late Cretaceousshoreline in New
Mexico.Thesetwo cycleswere referredto as
the Greenhorn and Carlile cyclesby Hook
(1983).Marine Upper Cretaceousrocksin SocorroCounty areapproximately1,000ft thick
and consistof the upper part of the Dakota
Sandstone,an unnamed lower part of the
MancosShale,the lower and upper members
of the TresHermanosFormation, the D-Cross
Tongueof the MancosShale,and the Gallup
Sandstone(Figs. 1a, b). Nonmarine rocks
consistof the lower part of the Dakota Sandstone, the middle member of the Tres
Hermanos Formation, and the Crevasse
Canyon Formation. The CrevasseCanyon
Formation is erosionallytruncated, but exceeds1,000 ft in thickness in much of the
county. In the northern part of the county,
the Twowells Tongue of the Dakota Sandstone subdividesthe lower part of the MancosShaleinto an unnamedlower tongueand
the Rio Salado Tongue of the Mancos Shale
(Figs.1a,b).
The emphasisof this paper is the Upper
Cretaceousexposedin the Carthageareaand
from Puertecitoto D Cross Mountain. Terminology applied to the Upper Cretaceous
exposedin the fornada del Muerto coal field
and in the foyita Hills is similar to that of the
Carthagearea.The major referencesfor these
two areas are Darton (7928), Wilpolt and
Wanek (1951),and Tabet(1979).
May 1984 New MexicoGeology
flatum Cobban and Hook (1980),LophabelKauffman (1965),and
Iaplicatanoaamexicana
Cobban and Hook
Tragodesmoceras
socorroense
(1979).The type sectionsor type areas for
t h e f o l l o w i n g U p p e r C r e t a c e o u ss t r a t i graphicunits are alsoin SocorroCounty: the
Rio SaladoTongueof the Mancos Shale,the
Tres Hermanos Formation, the Carthage
Memberand the Fite RanchSandstoneMember of the TresHermanosFormation,and the
D-CrossTongueof the MancosShale.In 1983
alone, six papers were published that dealt
with some aspect of the paleontology and
stratigraphy of the Cretaceousof Socorro
County (Hook, 1983;Hook and others, 1983;
Johansen,1983;Molenaar,1983a,b; and Osburn. 1983).
N
27 km -_
24 km --
=1.'-
Eosl oi Joyilo Hi s
-
Bustos W€tt
secrTrlN
R2E
S
FXPI ANATON
=l
G E N E R A - LL I T t s o L O G YS Y M a O L S
corrhooe
w/2ec5,r3s,R3E
secs8ar7,rss.RzE
.!:]l:iT:*l::il:L:;l::""::l:ll,i;"",[:T;:11""
uco","oo,,"-,lj)pl
I o*er oo, 'F
uP
p op .crrnFeeod' u
' Lnn/ ' 'ed ..""",
u a p e rt a e /
Da?42 Myli/oides subhercyilcus
D A?4 Co//iqnontcelas wao/tqa.i
"
/
o
'
-
ero I s,ze sins e rok o, ods er,€.d,ne oLts de oi
o l, - 1r nnr er oe 'oe,seesnernsros' or ,' F
a r, 4
o ryoey, ,e. rr (' )Lor r .oor o. o' soe, sr ee 'rog,'nosr n
, rsn,'
\i.-d,*h
ch 6 .oico ed rr e'seice 'he rPrr s'oe
oilnecorrr soo'or-s;zootoir€
_-llllll
-l l l l l l
--- - # l l
lllllL l
il
s.
+
4
F
Pebbles
S h o l € c L a s t so r q o l l s
Concretions
Corbonocols
Colcoreous
Thii I nestoie beds
'|oot/gol1
B e n l o n , t eo . b € n r o n i l r c
C r o s sb e d d e d
Iroce rossrls(bunoBs)
Broru.boled,,€ chlrned
Rool casts
M scLLLANLoUs
OlA24^6-h...oe,tesdepressus
Dtu4E.Lo//tqnant.e/as||oa//9ottBoottqoa
DlO44_UsGscoltecronnooffoss,tco|edon.
finbrockets,
coilecronhosbeenp.ojecredntosecrioftromoneorbytocatit!
N o l e , T h i c k n e s s L so p p r o x m o r e w h e f e r i g h l s L d e o f c o l u m n i s d o s h e d
D518
Monn/tes
L E C E N D F O R P R I M A R YF A C E S
nodasatdes
D51 AO Sc/panoce/os q.oc//e
fF.Ii
vo'
ffi
uui"e
ffi
ru-."'i""
D 57 7 A Co/ycoce/os ct C. c o n itout inu n
"e
shore€nd s rrsrone
s o n d s i o n ei n c l ! d i n 9 s h o r e l i n ea n d l i d o L c h o n n e ls a n d s t o n e
d e p o s r s I n c l u d i n g m o € i n o l m o r L n eb r o c k i s h d e p o s i r s
D5775 ruith/es
ocutus one//canus
D5f 74 /na celonus o/ Nonus
C h r ne F o r n o t o n ( U p p e r T r o s s i c )
|I_GUREla-stratigraphic cross section of Upper cretaceous rocks from Carthage north to the Joyita Hills, Socorro County, New Mexico (Hook,
1983;provided by C. M. Molenaar).
f-27
D C r o s sM t n
Secs2l lo 30
T3N,R8W
kr --
*F-t8kmPuerlecilo
S e c . 3 1 ,l 3 N
lo Sec
7, T.2N., R 5W
- -+-
-
SE
68
Ritey
C o rl h o g e
Secs2t &26 T2N, R 4W
I1
400
S e c s8 4 1 7 T . 5 5 R 2 E
300
200
Dloz4a
/nocero nus lieget
r00
D A247 Plt onocyc/us novt me rlco nus
Dlll6l Pn onocyc /us mocon bl
DlA354
Col/opocercs
o
co/ /el I
DlO242 My | | /o id es su bhercynrc us
OlA24l Co / / i9 n o n icero s ||oo/ /go r t woo / lgor|
AIA?46 Moilovites
deplessus
DIO4A5 Co/ / ig non icercs woa / /gon
O5781 Mommiles
nodosotdes
D578A Sclponoceros
ffiffi;-UPPer
wo o / / qor I
groc | / e
O57fB
Ca/lcocetas
D57f5
D5774
Tulri/iles
ocuIus omelconus
/noceromus
orvanus
cf. C con/tau//tum
rriossic)
lb-Stratig_raphic cross section of Upper Cretaceousrocks from Carthage northwest to D Cross Mountain, Socorro County, New Mexico
ILGUIE
(Hook and others, 1983;Riley section from Massingill, 1979).SeeFig. la for explination of symbols
n-,
Nm Mexico Geology May 1,984
29
The name, D Cross, refers to natural-rock
groupings on the south-facingslope of the
mountain that resemblethe lettersD and X.
Gilbert's section, which was partly measured with an aneroidbarometerand partly
estimatedduring the 1873field season,is of
more than just historical interest becauseit
demonstratesthat ". . . observationscarefully made and accuratelyrecorded can be
readily interpreted and translated into the
framework of later, more detailed geologic
knowledge" (Dane, 7959,p. 91). Although
Gilbert applied no formal stratigraphicnames
to his units, they can be correlated easily
with the formally named units used today
becausehe integratedboth physicaland paleontologicaldata into his description(Table
2). Gilbertwas the first geologistto recognize
the stratigraphicimportance of the Bridge
Creek Limestone Beds and their contained
fauna. Thesebeds were designatedas unit 9
by Gilbert and describedas gray shale with
a band of limestone containing Ostrea.The
band of limestone is the base of the Bridge
Creek Limestone Beds and the Ostreais Pycnodontenewberryi(Stanton), which occurs in
great numbers at D Cross Mountain (Hook
and Cobban,1,977,fig.3). Gilbert (1875)was
also the first geologistto measurea section
acrossthe D Cross Mountain fault (Givens,
D Cross Mountain-Puertecito area
1957)which duplicatedthe upper part of the
section (Table2, units 4 and 5). This error
Formal studies of Cretaceous rocks in
northwest Socorro County date back to 1875 was later committedby both Winchester(1920)
and Pike (1947),leading to discrepanciesin
(Table 2) with the publication of Gilbert's
measured section in the valley east of the the thicknessof the marine Cretaceousrocks
that were not correcteduntil 1957(Daneand
former Tres Hermanos Buttes, a name then
others, 1957).
used to refer to the north and south parts of
ClarenceL. Herrick, one of the unsung
D Cross Mountain and Bell Mountaln. The
present-dav Tres Hermanos Buttes were then
pioneersof New Mexico geology,journeyed
ialled Trei Huerfanos, and Alamosa Creek up Alamosa Creek in December, L899, and
(now the Rio Salado) was called Tres Huerstudied the Upper Cretaceousof that area.
His contributions to geology,particularly the
fanos Creek. The occasion on which the names
naming of the Tres Hermanos Sandstonein
changed is unknown (Dane, 1959). Herrick
(1900) used the name Tres Hermanos Buttes the Puertecitoarea(Fig. 3), have been a matter of considerableconfusion and controin the same sense as todav, but he referred
versy since1900.This controversyis discussed
to D Cross Mountain as Turtle Mountain.
of the Mancos Shale that is equivalent to Rankin's (1944)Greenhorn Limestone. The limestone unit was later correlated with only part
of the upper member of the Greenhorn Formation by Hook and Cobban (1981)and was
designated the Bridge Creek Limestone
Member of the Mancos Shale at Carthage.
Subsequently, Hook and others (1983) reduced the Bridge Creek Limestone to a bedrank unit of the Mancos Shale. The state geologic map (Dane and Bachman, 1965) emolovs this same threefold division of the
Creiaceous.
Cobban and Hook (1,979), Hook (1983),
Hook and others (1983),and Molenaar (1983a,
b) correlated the middle sandstone member
at Carthage with the Tres Hermanos Sandstone of Herrick (1900). Cobban and Hook
(1979)used the Tres Hermanos Sandstone as
a member of the Mancos Shale following Lee's
(1916) usage. Hook and others (1983) later
raised the Tres Hermanos to formational rank.
Figure 2 shows the evolution of the stratigraphic nomenclature at Carthage in graphic
form. Although the units are not drawn to
stratigraphic scale, nomenclature equivalent
to that used in this paper can be traced horizontally across the diagram.
Rankin (1944)formally extendedthe Great
Plains stratigraphicterminology of the Graneros Shale, Greenhorn Limestone, Carlile
Shale, and Niobrara Formation, all part of
into the Carthagearea
the ColoradoGroup,
'Greenhorn
(Fig. 2). Rankin's
Limesloneis
exactlyequivalentto the Bridge CreekLimestone Beds as presently used. Rankin also
correlatedthe upper half of the presentTres
HermanosFormation with the JuanaLopez
Member of the Carlile Shale, a correlation
that works well paleontologically,but not
lithologically(Hook and others, 1983).
Plke (1947), in his classic study of intertonguing Upper Cretaceousrocks, extended
the stratigraphicnomenclatureof the Zuni
Basinand the southernSanJuanBasinto the
Carthagearea (Fig. 2). He was the first to
use the name Gallup Sandstoneat Carthage,
referring to a unit that is split into lower and
upper parts by the PescadoTongue of the
Mancos Shale.Although Pike's correlations
with rock units in the Zuni Basin were essentially correct, he erred in including the
TresHermanosFormation as the lower part
of theCallupSandstone.Molenaar(1974)used
essentiallythe samestratigraphicframework
as Pike, but he recognizedthe need to use
the D-Cross Shale terminology and introduced the CrevasseCanyon Formation terminology for the coal-bearingsequence.
Between 7947and7974, a more simplified
andior informal terminology was employed
by Wilpolt and Wanek (1951),Cobban and
Reeside(1952),Budding (1963),and Dane
and Bachman (1965). Wilpolt and Wanek
(1951)recognizedthree major units, the Dakota(?),the Mancos,and the Mesaverde,but
they subdividedthe MancosShaleinto three
informal members, a lower and upper shale
member subdivided by a middle sandstone
member.Budding (1963)usedessentiallythe
same terminology as Wilpolt and Wanek.
Cobban and Reeside(1952)used the same
three major subdivisions, but they recognized a limestonemember in the lower part
G o r d n e r ,l 9 O 8 ;
) o r l o n , 1 9 2 8 0 ,b
i/ontono
Group
tee. l9l6
P ik e , 1 9 4 7
R o n k i n .1 9 4 4
M e s o v er d e
F o r m ot o n
M e s c v er d e
F o rm o ' ti o n
Ni o b r or o
Formotion
oc
ot
Dilco-lower
Gibsonzone
5r'
upper poil
of
lollup Membe
e
Colorodo
Group
Moncos
Shole
O
M e m b er
=
i
!
o
o
o
a
>ri
o
O
lower
port
of
Gollup
M emb e r
l\4esoverde
Formolion
o
o
Sondslone
D o k o t o( ? )
Dckoto( ?)
Sondstone
,ry,
Lower
Gollup
Sondstone
member
a
o
a
M on c o s
Shole
o
lower
s h ol e
member
,2,
o
( Alo rque l\4ember a
-ite Ronch
l o nd s t o n e
Tres
Hermonos
Sonds'tone
Member
o
Corlhoge
Member
o,O
Alorque
Sondstone
F
I ower l\4on cos
Shole
%
hin limestonr
member
; ool
T h i sp o p e rH
1 9 8 3H
; o o ko n d
o t h e r s 1, 9 8 3 ;
Molenoor1983o-l
i r e v o s sC
eonyon
F o r m oito n
Gollup
Sondstone
D - C r o s s D - C r o s sT o n g u e
Tonou
e
o f M o n c o sS h o l e
D - C r o s sS h ol e
Groneros
S h ol e
D o k o t o( ? )
C o b b on o n d
Ho o k, 1 9 7 9
lonque ol lioncos Sl
sonoslone
o
Io w e r
lvloncos
S h ol e
C r e v c s s eC o n y o r
lvlesoverde
F or m o I i o n
Gr o u p
r o l l u pS s
(undivided) JppeG
r p p e rs n o r e
me m b e r
o
G r e e nh o r n
Llmestone
Done ond
M o l e n o o r1, 9 7 4
B o c h m o n ,1 9 6 5
( G oI l e o oM e m b e r
Pescodo Tongue
!C
o
a
Mesoverde
Formotion
of Moncos Shole
JUONO
o
W i l p o lo
l nd
Cobbon o n d
W o n e kl ,9 5 l :
R e e s i d e ,1952
B u d d i n g1,9 6 3
Io w e r
T o ngu e
'%.
Ao
3i
Bridge Creel
Lrmeslone
I
D ok o l o
S o n ds t o n e
D o k o t o( ? )
Sondstone
D ok o t o
Sondstone
Dokolo
Sondslone
Dokolo
D o ko l o
Sondstone
FIGURE2-Evolution of Upper Cretaceousstratigraphic nomenclature at Carthage, Socorro County, New Mexico, from 1910to the present.
May 1984 Naa Mexico Geology
'IABLE
1-GanoNrn's (1910,rr,. 454-455)vEesunlo
sEcrroNor rnr UppnnCnlracrous er Cenrriacr.
Updated information is in brackets.
Unit
Lithology
TABLE2-GrLeERr's(1875,pp. 549,550)vuesunto
sEcrroNoF THECRETAcEoUS
EAsr or D Cnoss
MouNteIrv.Updated information is in brackets.
Thickness
ft
Unit
Montana:
S a n d s t o n e ,t a n - c o l o r e da n d
drab shalewith tracesof coal . . 600
Shale and thin beds of sandstone,top containsOstreasp.
sp.l, Anomia
lFlemingostrea
micronemaMeek?, Modiola
related to M.
[Brachiodontes]
lB.l regularis(White), Corblcula? sp., Corbulasp., Melania sp., and Admetopsis
sp.....
......... 40
Coal, Carthage.. . ..
5
Shale,drab [CrevasseCanyon
Formation from this unit to
top of sectionl
20
Sandstone, massive, brown
[Gallup Sandstone]
ITotalthickness]
Colorado:
Shale, drab, with yellowish
lime concretions.. .
I20
Shale,yellowish, with brown
sandstone[D-CrossTongue
of Mancos Shale, this unit
and the one above]
45
S a n d s t o n e ,m a s s i v e , s o f t ,
brown, fossiliferous containing Ostrea sp., Ostrea
lugubris var. belliplicataShumand [LophabellaplicatanooamexicanaKauffmanl, Pinna
sp., Pholadomyasp., FascioInria?sp., Prionotropiswoolgarl (Mantell)? lPrionacyclus
macoffibiMeekl, and Coilopocerascolleti Hyatt [Fite
Ranch Sandstone Member
of the Tres Hermanos Formationl
15
Shale,drab [CarthageMember
of the Tres Hermanos Formationl
40
Shale. drab. with thin brown
sandstone
135
S a n d s t o n em, a s s i v eg, r a y . . . . . . . . 1 0
Sandstoneand shale,in center
fossiliferoussandstonecontaining Inoceramus
labiatus(1.
subhercynicus),
Cardium sp.,
Cyprimeriasp., Psilomyasp.,
Fasciolaria?
sp., and Volutoderma?sp. [Atarque Sandstone Member of the Tres
Hermanos Formation, this
unit and the two abovei .. .. . . . 30
Shale,drab flower part of the
M a n c o sS h a l e l.
.. .. . .. . 500
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s
]
.
.
.
.
.
........[895]
[Total
Dakota(?):
Sandstone,hard, gray, in bold
hogback,some thin shale. . ... . 200
6
7
10
TI
12
Lithology
Thickness
ft
Shale,sandstone,and lignite; a series of rapidly
alternating sandstone
and shal6 beds, the
s a n d s t o n e[ i s ] g r e e n yellow colorand soft, and
the shale yellow and
gray, with fillets of lignite lCrevasse Canvon
formationl
......750
Massiveyellow sandstone
[upfaulted Gallup Sandstonel.
.......... 75
Shalyyellow sandstoneand
gray shale [upfaulted DCross Tongue of the
Mancos Shale and GallupSandstonel......
.... 400
Massiveyellow sandstone
75
[Gallup Sandstone]
Shalyyellow sandstoneand
gray shale [Carthageand
Fite Ranch Sandstone
Members of the Tres
Hermanos Formation
and D-Cross Tongue of
the MancosShalel.
. .. .. 300
Massiveyellow sandstone
( I n o c e r a m u s[)A t a r q u e
S a n d s t o n eM e m b e r o f
the Tres Hermanos For......... 75
mationl
Gray shale with band
of limestone (Ostrea)
[Bridge Creek Limestone Beds of and overlying part of Rio Salado
Tongue of the Mancos
Shalel.
.......... 125
Soft orange sandstone
[Twowells Tongue of the
20
Dakota Sandstonel.
Gray, green, and blue, argillaceous shale flower
part of the Mancos Shalel
100
Conglomerateof metamorphic pebbles [Dak o t aS a n d s t o n e l . . . .
10
[Totalthickness]...
in detail in Hook and others (1983).In spite
ofthe controversy,
Dane's(1959)observa[ion
concerningGilbert is just aspertinent to Herrick and was utilized in the revision of the
TresHermanos (Hook and others, 1983).
Lee (1916),using Winchester's(at that time
unpublished) data, and Wells (1919)introduced the Dakota-Mancos-Mesaverdeterminology to the area (Fig. 3). The confusion
in the placement of the Mancos-Mesaverde
boundary was the result of Winchester'serror in measuring acrossthe D Cross Mountain fault which duplicatedthe upper part of
the section. Winchester (1920)defined the
Miguel Formation, the ChamisoFormation,
and the Gallego and Bell Mountain SandstoneMembers of the Miguel Formation (Fig.
3).Thesenameshave sincebeenabandoned.
His ChamisoFormation was merely the upfaulted duplication of the upper part of the
Miguel Formation, and his Bell Mountain
Sandstonewas the upfaulted duplication of
the Gallego Sandstone.The Gallego Sandstone terminology was abandonedby Molenaar (1983b),and the unit is now simply
referred to as the Gallup Sandstone.
Pike (1947)correlatedthe rocks at D Cross
Mountain with those in the Zuni Basin, iust
ashe did at Carthage,and extendedthe Zuni
Basinterminologyinto SocorroCounty (Fig.
3). He alsohad measuredacrossthe D Cross
Mountain fault, which resulted in a Cretaceoussection that was too thick. In addition,
he called the Twowells Tongue of the Dakota
Sandstonethe Tres Hermanos Sandstone,a
miscorrelationthat was not correcteduntil
1973by Landis and others (1973).Cobban
and Reeside(1952)used Pike's nomenclature.
Tonking ('J.957)and Givens (1957), who
mapped adjacent 15-min quadrangles in
northwest Socorro Countv, used the standard threefold stratigraphic division, Dakota-Mancos-Mesaverde,and introduced the
La Cruz Peak Formation of the Mesaverde
Group. Subsequently,that name was abandoned.
Dane and others (1957)and Dane (1959)
cleared up the confusion regarding the dunlication of units acrossthe D CrossMountain fault. but thev causedas much. if not
more, confusion regarding the correctidentity of the Tres Hermanos Sandstone, particularly at Puertecito (Fig. 3). At D Cross
Mountain they correlated the Twowells
Tonguewith the Tres Hermanos, whereas at
Puertecitothey correlatedthe basal Dakota
with the Tres Hermanos. Dane and others
(1957)alsonamed the D-CrossTongueof the
Mancos Shale for a shale tongue at D Cross
Mountain that they thought was a distinct
and higher tongue of the MancosShalethan
the PescadoTongue of Pike (1947).Subsequent work has shown that the two shale
tongues were deposited during the same
transgressiveepisode,but that the D-Cross
Tongue is thicker and its upper portion is
youngerthan the PescadoTongue.Hook and
others (1983)have retainedboth names,using the Pescadoterminology in the Zuni Basin and the D-Crossterminology in the Acoma
Basin.
Dane and Bachman (1965)also used the
standardthreefold division of the Cretaceous
and drew the line between the Mancos and
Mesaverdeat the base of the present Tres
HermanosFormation.
Landis and others (1973)finally resolved
the question of which sandstoneshould be
called the Twowells and which should be
calledthe TresHermanos. However. thev left
the questionof the upper contactof the'Tres
HermanosSandstoneunresolved.
Molenaar (1974)employed a modified version of Pike's(1947)nomenclatureat D CroS
New Mexico Geology May L984
Mountain. Molenaar believed that there was
too much confusion surrounding the Tres
Hermanos Sandstone,so he included it in
the Gallup Sandstoneand calledit the Atarque Member. Molenaar's (1974)Atarque
Member corresponds exactly with the Tres
Membir of the Mancos
HermanosSandstone
Shaleas used by Hook and Cobban (1979)
and with the Tres Hermanos Formation as
usedin this paper and by Hook (1983),Hook
and others (1983),Molenaar (1983a,b), and
Osburn (1983).
The stratigraphicterminologypresentlyin
use in the D-Cross-Puertecitoarea (Fig. 3)
resulted in part from a cooperativeagreement between the New Mexico Bureau of
Mines and Mineral Resourcesand the U.S.
GeologicalSurvey to determine the coal resourcesof the Acoma and Zuni Basins.That
terminology, including the recently defined
Rio SaladoTongueof the Mancos Shaleand
the recently revised Tres Hermanos Formation (Hook and others, 1983)will be used on
all the maps that result from that agreement.
In the northwest corner of SocorroCounty,
Hook and others(1980,fig. 2) recognizedan
additional, lower marine tongue of the Dakota Sandstone,the PaguateTongue.The Paguate, howevet, pinches out into the lower
part of the MancosShaleapproximately2 mi
north of the measured section at D Cross
Mountain (Fig. 1). North of this pinchout,
the lower part of the Upper Cretaceousin
SocorroCounty consistsof, in ascendingorder, the Dakota Sandstone,the lower part of
the Mancos Shale,the PaguateTongue of the
Dakota Sandstone,the Whitewater Arroyo
Tongue of the Mancos Shale (not Clay Mesa
H e r r i c k ,l 9 O O
P u e r t e ct io
L e e ,l 9 l 6 ;
W e l l s ,l 9 l 9
P u e r t e ct io
Tongueas erroneously stated in Hook, 1983,
p. 166),and the Twowells Tongue of the Dakota Sandstone.
AcrrvowlEoGMENrs-I thank Frank E.
Kottlowski, Director of the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources,for his
continuing support of my researchon the
Upper Cretaceousof New Mexico.Draft copies of the manuscript were reviewed by
W. A. Cobban and C. M. Molenaar of the
U.S. GeologicalSurvey. This paper is published with permission of Getty Oil Company. Figuresla and 1b are used with,p_ermisiion bf the New Mexico GeologicalSoclety.
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1980, The Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) ammonite
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Dane, C. H., and Bachman, G. O., 1965,Ceologic map
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D a n e , C . H . , W a n e k , A . A . , a n d R e e s i d e ,J . 8 . , 1 r . , 1 . 9 5 7 ,
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D i l c o- l o w e r
!o
Golleoo
S o n d sd
i ne
Member
F o r m ot r o n
C ep h ol o p o d
zone
>o
>ri
lollup lvember
( Go l l e o o S s )
o
l
Tres
o
E
aO
ilermonos
Sondsione?
( M e m b e r )5 8
G o l up
l v l e mb e r ,
lower
port
M onc o s
!
o
LO
Cruz
Peok
Formotion
DokotoSondstone
Doeorslo be.bsent
FIGURE 3-Evoiution
May 19M
L O W e rp 0 r I
of Gollup
S o n d s ol n e
Tres Hermonos
Sondslonel\4ember
o f M o n c oSs h o l e
S h ol e
M e mb e r
=
Tres
Herm0n0s
S o n ds t o n e?
(Member)
D o k o to
Sondstone
O>o
o!
@c)
o
o
Go s t e ro p o d
z on e
( " s o c o ll e d " )
C ru z
Peok
Formo
t ion
,rt
Mesoverde
Group
(undivided)
o
l
Shole
G o l l u pS s .
LO
o
f
o
(t
iollegoSs.lvlb
D - C r o s sT o n g u e
o f M o n c o sS h o l e
a
o
I
>o
oL
3(,
o
(,
o
c
.o
Cr e v os s e
C o ny o n
F o r m ot i o n
z
D i l c o C o o lM b
o f C r e vo s s e
Convon Fm
o
Cr e v o s s e
Ccnyon
Formotion
G i b s o nz o n e
P e s c o d oT o n g u e
of Moncos Shole
Tres
Hermonos
Sondstone
JTJ_JZL.
Gardner, J. H., 1910,The Carthage coal {ield, New Mexico: U.S. GeologicalSurvey,Bulleiin 38, pt.2, PP. 452460.
Gilbert, G. K., 1,875,Report on the geology of Portions
of New Mexico and Arizona examined in 1873:Report
upon geographicaland geologicalexplorationsand surveys west of the one hundredth meridian (Wheeler),
v. 3, pt. 5, pp.503-567.
Givens, D. 8., 1957, Geology of Dog Springs quadrangle,
New Mexico:New Mexico Bureauof Mines and Mineral
Resources,Bulletin 58, 40 pp.
Henick, C. L.,1900, Report of a geologicalreconnaissancein westem Socono and ValenciaCounties: American Geologist,v 25, no. 6, pp. 330346; University of
New Mexico, Bulletin 2, PP 1'-1'7
Henick, C. L., and Johnson,D. W., 1900,The geology
of the Albuquerque sheet:Denison University Scientific
Laboratories,Bulletin, v. 11, PP. 175)39; University of
New Mexico,Bulletin 2, pP. 1.-67.
Hook, S. C., 1983, Stratigraphy, paleontology, deposi
tional fyamework, and nomenclature of marine Upper
Cretaceousrocks, Socorro County, New Mexico: New
Mexico GeologicalSociety,Guidebook to 34th field conference,pp. t65-L72.
newHook, S. C., and Cobban,W. 4., 1.977,Pycnodonte
berryi (Stantonlcommon guide fossil in Upper Cretaceousof New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau oI Mines
and Mineral Resources,Annual ReporI1976-1977,pp.
48-54.
-,
(Marcou!-com1979,Prionocyclusnoximexicanus
mon Upper Cretaceousguide fossil in New Mexico:
New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources,
Annual Report 1977 1.978,PP.34-42.
-,
1987,Late Greenhorn (mid-Cretaceous)discontinuity surfaces,southwest New Mexico: New Mexico
Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resoutces,Circular 180,
oo.5)1.
ffoot. S. C., Cobban,W. A., and Landis, E. R., 1980,
Extensionof the intertongued Dakota SandstoneMan-
T o n k i n g , 1 9 5 7 ; D on e o n d o t h e r s , D o n e o n d
W i n c h e s l elr9, 2 O ;
Pike,1947;
Londis ond
T o n k i n g , 1 9 5 7G i v e n s1,9 5 7 ;
B o c h m o n , 1 9 6 5 o t h e r s ,1 9 7 3
D o r t o n , 1 9 2 8 o C o b b o no n d
K o l l l o w s ki , 1 9 6 3 1 9 5 7 ,D o n e , l 9 5 9
, e e s i d e1, 9 5 2
D - C r o s sf v l o u n t o r nR
P u e r l e c i t o D C r o s s l \ y ' o u n t o iDn C r o s sl V o u n l o i rP u e r t e c a t oD,
P u e r l e ci t o
P r - r e r t e c i t o D C r o s sl V o u n t o i n
C r o s sM o u n l oni
Prreltecilo
M e s ov e r d e
F o x H iI l s
Sondslone
Darton, N. H., 1928, "Red beds" and associated formations in New Mexico: U.S. Geological Suwey, Bulletin
794,356 pp.
Eldridge, G. H., 1889, Some suSSestions upon ihe methods of grouping the formations of the middle Cretaceous and the employment of an additional term in its
nomenclature: American Journal oI Science, w 38, pp.
Dokoto
Sondstone
o
o
E
6
o
-o
o
o
Tres
r,1ermonos
Sondstone
(Member)
o
Tres
c
Hermonos 6
Sondstone(?
o
M e mb e r
E
Tres
nermono5
M e mb e r
Moncos
S h ol e
L o w er
Shole
Member
D o k o t o( ?)
Sondstone
D o k o l o( ? )
Sondslone
o
Do k o t o ( ? )
Sondslone
o
<
U)
o
T re s
l-lermon0s
S o n d sol n e
Member
[,4oncos
S h ol e
o
lwowells
S on ds t o n e
T o n g u eo f
Dokoto
Son ds t o n e
%
Dokoto
Sondstone
D ok o i o
S o n d st o n e
%,
of Upper Cretaceous stratigraphic nomenclature at D Cross Mountain and Puertecito, Socorro County, New Mexi
Nau MexicoGeology
cos Shale terminology into the southern Zuni Basin:
New MexicoGeology,v.2, no.3, pp. 42-44,46.
Hook, S. C., Molenaar,C. M., and Cobban,W. A., 1983,
Stratigraphy and revision of nomenclature of upper
Cenomanian to Turonian (Upper Cretaceous)rocks of
west-central New Mexico; in Hook, S. C. (compiler),
Contributions to mid-Cretaceouspaleontology and
stratigraphy o{ New Mexicepari II: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources,Circular 185,pp.
7-28, sheet1.
Hyatt, Alpheus, 1903,Pseudoceratitesof the Cretaceous:
U.S. GeologicalSuwey, Monograph44, 351 pp.
fohansen,Steven,1983,The thick-splay depositional style
of the CrevasseCanyon Formation, Cretaceousof westcenhal New Mexico: New Mexico Geological Society,
Guidebookto 34th field conference,pp.173-778.
^1965,
Middle and late Turonian oysters
Kauffman, E. G.,
of the Lophalugubrisgrorp: SmithsonianMiscellaneous
Collections,v. 148,no. 6,92 pp.
Kottlowski,F. E., 1963,Paleozoicand Mesozoicstrataof
southwesternand south-centralNew Mexico: New
Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources,Bulletin 79, 100pp.
Landis, E. R., Dane, C. H., and Cobban,W. A., 1973,
Stratigraphicterminology of the Dakota Sandstoneand
MancosShale,west-centralNew Mexico:U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 1372-J,44 pp.
Le Conte, l. L., 1868,Cretaceouscoalsin New Mexico:
AmericanJournalof Science,2nd ser.,v. 45, p. 135.
Lee, W. T., 1915, Relation of the Cretaceousformations
to the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and New Mexico:
U.S. GeologicalSuruey,ProfessionalPaper95, pp.2758.
Marcou, fules, 1889,The Mesozoicseriesof New Mexico:
AmericanGeologist,v. 4, pp.155-155, 216-229.
Massingill, C. L., 7979,Geology of the Rrley-Puertecito
area, southeasternmargin of the Colorado Plateau,Socono Counry New Mexico: D.Sc. thesis, University of
Texas(El Paso),272pp.; New Mexico Bureau of Mines
and Mineral Resources,Open-fileReport 107,315pp.
Molenaar, C. M., 1974, Conelation of the Gallup Sandstone and associatedformations, Upper Cretaceous,
easternSanJuan and Acoma Basins,New Mexico: New
Mexico GeologicalSociefy,Guidebook to 25th field conference,pp. 251258.
-,
1983a,Major depositional rycles and regional correlations of Upper Cretaceousrocks, southern Colo-
rado Plateau and adjacent areas; in Reynolds, M. W.,
and Dolly, E. D. (eds.), Mesozoic paleogeography of
the west-central United States: Society of Economic PaIeontologists and Mineralogists, Rocky Mountain Paleogeography Symposium 2, pp. 201224.
-,
1983b, Principal reference section and correlation
of Gallup Sandstone, northwestern New Mexico; in
Hook, S. C. (compiler), Contributions to mid-Cretaceous paleontology and stratigraPhy of New Mexicopart II: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Circular 1,85,pp.29-40.
Osburn, J. C.,1983, Geology and coal resources ofAlamo
Band Navajo Reseilation, Socotro County, New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 5, no. 1, pp. 5 8.
'1o47,
IntertonSuing marine and nonPike, W. 5., Jr.,
marine Upper Cretaceous deposits of New Mexico, Arizona, and southwestern Colorado: Geological Society
of America, Memoir 24, 103 pp.
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Upper Cretaceous, in northern New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Bulletin
20,30pp.
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and mining camps of New Mexico: Norman, University
of Oklahoma Press, pp. 32-33.
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invertebrate fauna: U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 105,
288 oo.
Stevensbn, l. ]., 1S81, Note on the Laramie Group of
southern New Mexico: American Journal of Science,
3rd ser., v. 22, pp.370-372.
Tabet, D. E., 1979, Geology of the Jornada del Muerto
coal field, Socono County, New Mexico: New Mexico
Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Circular 168,
20 |D.
Tonking, W. H., 1957, Geology of Puertecito quadrangle,
Socorro County, New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of
Mines and Mineral Resources, Bulletin 41', 67 pp.
Wells, E. H., 1919, Oil and gas possibilities of the Puertecito district, Socono and Valencia Counties, New
Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Bulletin 3,47 pp.
Wilpolt, R. H., and Wanek, A. A., 1951, Geology of the
region from Socorro and San Antonio east of Chupadera Mesa, Socorro County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Suruey, Oil and Gas Investigations Map OM121. scale: 1:63.360.
Winchester, D. E., 1920, Geology of Alamosa Creek valley,
Socono Counfy, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Suruey,
Bulletin 716-A, 15 pp.
M o l e n o o r1, 9 7 4
Puertecilo,
C r o s sM o u n t o i n
M o l e n o o r ,1 9 8 3 o , b ;
revosse Con
F o r m oI i o n
C r e v o s s eC o n y o n
Formotion
Gollup
Sondslone
-tl'rnc<
Tnnn
D- C r o s s
ra
s hole
o f M o n c oS
L 0 w er
Gollup
E
(A'torque
c
o
M e m b e)r
(./)
c
!
n -Crocs Tonn
rp
f M o n c o sS h ol e
o
o
c
o
o
o
cc
oo
Tres
Hermonos
S on d s t o n e
Member ,^o
Fite Ronch
Sondslone
Member
Corthoge
l V e mb e r
c
o
R i o S ol o d o
Lower
lvloncos
Shole
middle
longue
Twowells
T o ng u e
o
-o
c
o
!
c
o
a
OO
o;
lower
tongue
;(r,
Do k ot o
Sondstone
from 1900to the present.
Dokolo
Sondsione
names
Geographic
Names
U.S.Board
onGeographrc
DaughertyRidge-ridge, 4 km (2.5mi) Iong,highest elevation 2,501.m (8,204 ft); in the Sacramento Mountains 22.5km (14mi) northwest of
Ruidoso;reportedly named for JasperNewton
Daugherty, government trapper, miner and
rancher of the area; Lincoln County, New Mexico; sec.37, T. 9 S., R. 11 8., and secs.34, 35,
N.,
and 36;T. 9 S., R. 10 E., NMPM; 33"28'30"
105"50'46'
W. (eastend), 33'28'50'N., 105"53'18'
W. (west end); not: Doherty Ridge.
Daugherty Spring-spring, on the northwest slope
of DaughertyRidge, 16.9km (10.5mi) south of
Carrizozoand 23.3 km (14.5mi) northwest of
Ruidoso;Lincoln County, New Mexico;sec.35,
T. 9 S.,R. 10E., NMPM;33"28'53'N.,705"52'34'
tN.; not: Horse Spring.
Elder Canyon---<anyon,6.1km (3.8mi) Iong, heads
at 33'28'58"N., 105"50'59'W.in the Sacramento
Mountains, trends northwest to Cottonwood
Creek 14.5 km (9 mi) southwest of Carrrzozo)
Lincoln County, New Mexico; sec. 28, T. 9 S.,
R. 10 E., NMPM; 33'29'33"N., 105"54'18"W.;
not: Cottonwood Creek.
JarocitaPark-park, 0.8 km (0.5 mi) long, at the
head of Rio Chiquito; in the Sangre de Cristo
Mountains 24.9km (15.5mi) southeastof Taos;
T a o s C o u n t y , N e w M e x i c o ; 3 6 " 7 7 ' 0 7 'N . ,
105"20'05'W.; not: JarocitoPark.
Lincoln Canyon--{anyon/ 8 km (5 mi) long, heads
at 33'26'52"N., 105'51'20'W, trends southwest
to Three RiversCanyon 19.3km (12 mi) northwest of Ruidoso; Lincoln County, New Mexico;
sec.34, T. 10 S., R. 10 E., NMPM; 33"24'72'N.,
105"53',53',W.
McGaffey Ridge-ridge, 3.7 km (2.3 mi) long, in
Sangrede Cristo Mountains;highestelevation
2,4i7m (8,174ft); eastof MccaffeyCanyonand
4 km (2.5 mi) south of Ranchosde Taos;Taos
Countv, New Mexico; 36"19'25'N., 105"36'00"
W. (south
N., 105'35'40"
W. (noith end),36'17'30"
end).
Osha Park-park, 0.4 km (0.25 mi) long, at the
head of Rito Osha; in the Sangre de Cristo
Mountains 16.9km (10.5mi) southeastof Taos;
T a o s C o u n t y , N e w M e x i c o ; 3 6 " 7 7 ' 2 1 "N' . ,
705"27',10',W.
ParadisePark-park, at the head of ParadiseCanvon; in the FernandoMountains, 0.48 km (0.3
mi) south of Sierrade Don Fernandoand 15.3
of Taos;TaosCounty,
km (9.5mi).east-southeast
New Mexico; 36'20'75'N., 105'25'31"W.
Pine Canyon-canyon, 4.8 km (3 mi) long, heads
on the northeastslope of Diamond Peakin the
W., trends
SierraBlancaat 33'33!7'N., 105"47'14"
northeastto open out 11.3km (7 mi) southeast
olCarizozo; Lincoln County, New Mexico; sec.
26, T. 8 S., R. 11 E., NMPM; 33'35'02"N.,
105'46'72'W.;not: Windy Canyon.
Playas-populated place, in PlayasValley, on the
northwest slope of the Little Hatchet Mountains
26 km (16mi) iast-southeastof Animas;Hidalgo
County, New Mexico; 31'55'00'N., 108'31'59'
W.
Pot Creek-populated place, along Rito de la Olla
9.7 km 6 mi) south-southeastof Ranchosde
Taos;TaosCounty, New Mexico; 36"16'30'N.,
705'34'20',W.
RanchosPeak-peak, elevation 2,877m (9,420ft),
at the head of Ranchos Canyon; in the Sangre
de CristoMountains2.1km (1.3mi) west of Palo
EncebadoPeakand 8.9 km (5.5mi) eastof Taos;
TaosCounty, New Mexico; sec.8, T. 25 N., R.
W.
14 E., NMPM; 36'24'36'N.,105'28'40"
2.4 km (1.5mi) long,
RattlesnakeCanyon----canyon,
heads at 33"26'32'N., 105'51'02'W., trends
southwest to Lincoln Canyon 21 km (13 mi)
northwest of Ruidoso; Lincoln County, New
Mexico; sec. 14, T. 10 S., R. 10 8., NMPM;
nof: Lincoln Canyon.
33"26'71' N., 105"52'32";
Red Fox Spring-spring, in Skull Canyon, 19.3
km (12mi) northwest of Ruidoso;Lincoln County,
New Mexico;sec.33, T. 9 S., R. 11 8., NMPM;
W.; not: Skull Spring.
33"29'27'N., 105"48'01"
SandersCanyon-canyon, 7.2 km (4.5 mi) long,
heads in the Sierra Blanca at 33'29'20" N.,
105"50'05'W.,trends northwest to join Chaves
Canyon at the head of ChavesDraw 1.1km (0.7
mi) northeastof ChavesMountain and 14.5km
(9 mi) southwest of Carrizozo; Lincoln County,
New Mexico; sec.22,T. 9 S., R. 10 E., NMPM;
N., 105'53',35',W.
33' 30',55',
Shady Spring-spring, north of The Hogback and
15.3 km (9.5 mi) south of Carrizozo; Lincoln
County, New Mexico; sec.23,T. 9 S., R. 10 E.,
W.
NMPM; 33"30'24'N., 105"52'41"
Skull Canyon-canyon, 1.6 km (1 mi) long, heads
at 33'29'32"N., 105'48'25'W.,trends southeast
to TanbarkCanyon,18.5km (12.5mi) northwest
of Ruidoso; Lincoln County, New Mexico; sec.
34, T. 9 S., R. 11 E., NMPM; 33"29'07'N.,
705"47'32' W.; not: Tanbark Canyon.
Skull Spring-spring, at the mouth of Skull Canyon, 18.5 km (12.5 mi) northwest of Ruidoso;
Lincoln County, New Mexico, sec. 34, T. 9 S.,
R. 11 E., NMPM; 33"29'07'N., 105'47'32"W.
Rili$rYnott:"."sponde
Nm Mexico Geology May 1984
JJ