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j:.5 RTMENT of OCEANOGRAPHY
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iOOL of SCIENCE
TILLAMOOK BAY
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)REGON STATE UNIVERSITY
---
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
1 October through 31 March
1965
Edited by
Susan Borden
Progress Report No. 15
Jun& 1965
Reference 65-5
Department of Oceanography
School of Science
Oregon State University
Wayne V. Burt
Chairman
Progress Report No. 15
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
During the period
1 October 1964 through 31 March 1965
Edited by
Susan Borden
Office of Naval Research
Contract Nonr 1286(10)
Project NR 083-102
Contract Nonr 1286(09)
Project NR 083-600
National Science Foundation
Grant GP-2808
Grant GB-531
G rant GP-3582
Grant G -23103
Grant GP-2232
Grant GP-2186
Grant GB- 1588
Grant GP-2566
G ant GP-2876
Grant GP-3548
Grant GP-3556
Grant GP-4247
Atomic Energy Commission
Contract AT(45-1)1750
Contract AT(45-1)1751
Public Health Service
Grant AI 05640-02
Grant ES 00026-02
Air Force
Grant AF 49(638)1403
Grant AF 19(628)2778
Reference 65-5
June 1965
Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the
United States Government.
TABLE OF CONTENT!
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Hydrographic Survey - Wyatt, Pattullo, Still, Barstow ... .
. .
Currents - Pattullo, Wyatt, Stevenson . . . . . .. . . . ... . . .
Upwelling - Smith, Pattullo, Panshin . . .. . ... . .. . ... ..
Oil Platform Instrumentation - Young, Mooers, Pillsbury
Collins, Pattullo . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . .. . .
Tides and Sea Level in Yaquina Bay - Pattullo, Collins,
.
.
Swanson .....................................4
Salinity Distribution in the Northern Hemisphere Oceans Skov, Pattullo .
. .. . . .. .. ... . .. . .. . ... .
.
. . . .
Characteristics of the Tsunami that Resulted from the
Earthquake in Prince William Sound - Schatz, Pattullo
Solar and Long Wave Radiation Measuring System Mesecar, Maughan . . .. . . .. .. ... . . .. .. .. ...
Vertical Eddy Diffusion and Salinity Extrema - Weyl,
. .. 4
. . . .
.
4
. .. .4
Ingham ....................................6
Chart of the World Ocean - Weyl ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. 8
GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Continental Shelf Sedimentation - Byrne, Runge. .
Astoria Canyon - Byrne, Carlson . . . . . . . . . . .
Foraminiferal Ecology - Fowler .
. . . . . . .
. .11
. . . . . . .
..11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .11
Geology of the Central Oregon Continental Shelf and
Slope - Byrne, Fowler, Maloney . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oregon - Byrne, Nelson .
Atlantic - Byrne, Fowler,
Deep-Sea Sedimentation:
Deep-Sea Sedimentation:
Ensminger . . . . . . ..
.
.
. . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coastal Sediments - Kulm, Byrne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Netarts Bay Foraminifera - Fowler, Hunger . . . . . . . .
Yaquina Bay Foraminifera - Fowler, Manske . . . . . . .
Nearshore Carbonate Sands of Bermuda - Kulm, Byrne,
Ca rlson .
. .13
. . . .
.
.13
. . . . 13
. . . .
. .. . . .. . . ... . .... . .. . ... .. . . .. .
. 12
. 12
. .
.14
..14
GEOPHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Seismic Work at Sea - Berg, Dehlinger, King .
. . . . . . . . . .
Thermal Studies - Berg, Bodvarsson, Hutt . . . . . . . . . .
Theoretical Studies - Berg, Bodvarsson, Maloof, Stone,
. .... . ... ... .
.
. .
.15
.1:5
. . . . ... . . . 15
Odegard, Papageorge ... .
Marine Gravity - Dehlinger, Couch, Banks, Gallagher . . . . . .16
Magnetics - Berg, McKnight, Bales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Land Gravity Studies - Berg, Thiruvathukal, Odegard . . . . . .16
Seismic Wave Studies - Berg, Trembly, Sarmah, Long . . . . .16
Earthquake Seismology - Dehlinger, Chiburis, French .. . . . .17
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Offshore Chemistry - Park, Dobson, George . . . . .. .. . .. .. 19
Improvement of Shipboard Techniques - Park, George . . . . . . 19
Physical Chemistry of Sea Water - Weyl, Connors, Duedall . . 19
Chemical Reactions in Sea Water - Pytkowicz, Kester . . . . .. 20
Oyxgen-Phosphate Relations off Oregon - Pytkowicz .. .. . . . . 20
Paleochemistry of the Oceans - Weyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Vapor Flux Across the Isthmus of Panama - Deffeyes. . . . . . . 22
Removal of Alkalinity from Sea Water by Clays - Deffeyes,
Weyl .....................................22
MARINE RADIOCHEMISTRY AND RADIOECOLOGY
- Osterberg, Pearcy, Larsen, Dickson, Cronin,
Tennant, Wyandt . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . ... . . .. .
Radiochemistry - Cronin, Cutshall, Osterberg . . . . . . . . .
Benthos - Osterberg, Carey, Larsen, Dickson, Hancock,
Nekton
. .
.
Alspach . . . .. . . . .
. . .. . . . . . .. . .
Geochemistry - Johnson, Cutshall, Osterberg .. . .. . . . . ..
Sediment Probe Studies - Jennings, Cutshall, Frederick,
Oste rberg .
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estuarine Collections - Haertel, Tennant, Osterberg
Other Work - Cross, Kujala, Jennings, Cronin. . . .
. .
... .. .
.
23 V
. 23
.
.
25
26
. -26
. 26
. . . . . .
26.-
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Phytoplankton Ecology - Curl, Small, Hardy . . . . . . . . .
Energy and Element Transfer in the Lower Marine Food
Web - Small, Hebard, Bergeron, Fowler. . . . . . . .
Marine Microbiology - Morita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Benthic Ecology and Systematics - Carey, McCauley,
Aispach, Hancock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Animal-Sediment Interrelationships - Carey, Hancock . .
Polychaete Distribution in Yaquina Bay - Morrison,
.. .
.
27
. . . .
27
27
. . . .
. . .
. 28
.
. 28
.
.
Carey ....................................29
Vertical Distribution and Migration of Oceanic Animals Pearcy, Forss, Laurs, Renshaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution and Ecology of Oceanic Animals - Pearcy,
Hebard, Forss, Laurs, VanArsdale,
Hubbard
Oceanic Trematode Studies - McCauley, Eagle . .
. . .
. 29
. . . . . . . . .
.
Plankton Inventories at Yaquina Bay - Frolander ..
. . . . . . .
.. .....
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ............................
.
29
. 30
30
33
FACILITIES
.
........
..
........
..
.
. 34
.. .... .......
.............
.....
34
.. . .. ......... ......... 34
Research Vessel YAQUINA
Oceanography Building
Marine Science Center
.
..... . ..... .... .. .... ...... ..... .
VISITING SCIENTISTS .. .... ...... ..... .. . .... ....... .
NEW STAFF . ....
37
39
PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS
Publications .
. .................... ............ 41
Papers Submitted . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Reports . . ... . . . . . . . . . . .
Presentations at Scientific Meetings
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.... .... ...
. 43
. 44
.... 44
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Hydrographic Survey - Wyatt, Pattullo, Still, Barstow
Two cruises were taken in which standard hydrographic casts were
made to 1000 and 1200 m depths. In November, lines of hydrographic
stations were made to 165 miles offshore from Astoria, Newport, and
Coos Bay, Oregon. Stations were at ten mile intervals from 5 to 45 miles
offshore, and at 20 mile intervals from 45 to 165 miles offshore. During
late February and early March hydrographic stations and bathythermograph casts were made to 265 miles west of Newport and Coos Bay, Oregon.
Twenty-two additional stations were taken at approximately 50-mile intervals between 43°N 130° W and 32°N 142° W. These stations were taken
during a research cruise concerned with rates of change with space of
salinity at the salinity minimum.
Summary of Samples from. Hydrographic Cruises
Hydrographic stations
Bathythermograph casts
137
ill
Drift bottle releases
Surface salinity and
temperature observations
Midwater trawl hauls
Vertical meter net tows
Pumping stations (for
radioanalysis of sea water)
1140
118
21
10
27
Currents - Pattullo, Wyatt, Stevenson
Drogue cruises were made in October, December and March.
Current measurements were made at depths of 10, 100, 200 and 500
meters. Familiarization with the precision scientific radar gained on
the May 1964 cruises permitted closely spaced simultaneous fixes of all
drogues and the reference buoy. Sets of observations were made at
about 15 minute intervals on all cruises. This spacing permitted detection
of rotary currents superimposed on a translational current. Evaluation of
drogues at different depths indicated rotary periods of 10 to 15 hours.
Figure 1 shows the trajectory of a drogue placed at 10 meters depths during
the December cruise. The lower trace is a smoothed version of the actual
trajectory; the dashed line represents the translational trend.
A
N
6412
8
DROGUE
DEPTH -10 METERS
CRUISE
0
NAUTICAL MILES
I
mma=zmmi
Figure 1. Actual and smoothed trajectories of a drogue placed at 10
meters depth 45 miles offshore during December 1964.
3
Several duplicate drogues were used on each cruise. A very interesting feature of all duplicate drogues was a high degree of coherence with
time. High frequency noise was present on each of the drogue trajectories
and can be noted in the figure. Observations are being converted to equal
time-stepped data for further analysis.
On all three cruises, fluorescent dye was injected at selected depths
and tracked for several hours with a recently purchased fluorometer.
Information collected from these dye experiments has already led to some
modification of field techniques. Work on the design of dye tracing experiments will be continued.
During the March cruise, scuba divers observed the opening of the
drogue parachutes and the dispersal of the fluorescent dye.
Upwelling - Smith, Pattullo, Panshin
Studies of upwelling along the Oregon coast have continued. Monthly
mean sea level pressure charts are analyzed to obtain the wind stress off
the Oregon coast. The predicted Ekman transport using these wind stress
data is compared to that inferred from changes in depth of the pycnocline.
Considering the approximations made, the agreement is quite good and is
usually within a factor of two.
A program to compare mean sea level data to the occurrence of
upwelling is being initiated. First work will be to compare the historical
Coast and Geodetic Survey tidal data (1933-4) from several locations
along the Oregon coast to temperature and wind data.
Oil Platform Instrumentation - Young, Mooers, Pillsbury, Collins,
Pattullo
An opportunity to make extensive and continuous oceanographic
measurements is afforded by the recent leasing of Federal oil lands off
the coast of Oregon and the decision by at least two major oil companies
to immediately pursue an exploratory drilling phase. Drilling barges
will be anchored in 350 to 600 feet of water, 15 to 30 miles offshore,
and will remain in one position for six weeks to two months.
Permission has been granted for us to make use of two of these
drilling platforms. A program of measurements of temperature, salinity,
oxygen content, current velocity and photoattenuation is planned. In
addition, specific studies of wave energy and direction, tidal and internal
waves, and heat and momentum flux will be performed by several graduate students. Appropriate instruments are being designed or purchased,
and the design and construction of on-board handling gear is underway.
Actual measurements are expected to begin in June.
Tides and Sea Level in Yaquina Bay - Pattullo, Collins, Swanson
During spring 1964, a Leupold and Stevens water level recorder
was installed as a tide gauge at the Marine Science Center dock.
Lt. R. Lawrence Swanson of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
installed and levelled the gauge. He also analyzed the first adequate
month's record (May, 1964) for tidal constituents, meteorological and
climatological effects (Swanson, R. L. , Unpublished Masiter's Thesis).
Recording is continuing and the analyses will be extended.
Salinity Distribution in the Northern Hemisphere Oceans - Skov, Pattullo
An examination was made of the factors that might be responsible
for the large salinity difference (about 0. 5 °%j between the North Atlantic
and the North Pacific Ocean. The magnitude estimates have been given
in a thesis by Mr. Skov.
Characteristics of the Tsunami that Resulted from the Earthquake in
Prince William Sound - Schatz, Pattullo
Data on the waves that arrived 28 March 1964 in the Pacific
Northwest have been collected from local observers and a team of
researchers from Oregon State University. Arrival times and approximate heights were reported in an article in the Ore Bin, (Schatz, Clifford
Herbert C. Curl and Wayne V. Burt, 1964). Probable wave paths and
speeds are being examined. Effects of the generating area on the characteristics of waves upon arrival at the coast are also under study.
Solar and Long Wave Radiation Measuring System - Mesecar, Maughan
A solar and long-wave radiation measuring system has been developed
for shipboard use. The system consists of vented radiometers and electronic measuring instruments that automatically display, integrate, and
record the incident radiation.
5
The radiometers feature a propeller for ventilating through an
aluminum tube which exhausts across a heat transducer. A wind vane
attached to the vent tube keeps the radiometer oriented downwind. The
combination of near-laminar flow across the transducer and orientation
of the radiometer downwind minimizes transducer signal fluctuations due
to cross-wind components.
The radiation transducer is a flat black plate in which silverBy mounting the transducer between combinations of filters and shield, radiation from several
constantan thermocouples have been embedded.
independent sources can be measured.
The electrical measuring instruments give a continuous graphic
record and integrate and record the radiation levels over a fixed time
period. For integrating the detector output, the analog signal is converted to a proportional frequency, which is summer on a counter. At
clocked time intervals, the counter output is printed on paper tape.
The system has been tested on the water-covered rooftop of the Oceanography
Building (Figure
2)
and will undergo further testing on Yaquina Bay in May.
I
p
Figure 2.
Boom-mounted radiometers in position for preliminary
evaluation.
Vertical Eddy Diffusion and Salinity Extrema - Weyl, Ingham
In order to provide a base for further investigation of the significance of the "salt fountain" convection in the ocean, and of the general
attenuation of salinity extrema, a survey of the subsurface salinity
extrema of the world ocean is being conducted. Salinity, temperature,
density, and depth have been plotted along the three principal extremum
surfaces (the near-surface maximum salinity surface, the intermediate
depth minimum salinity surface, and the deep maximum salinity surface).
The distributions of these parameters are based on 885 hydrographic
stations located somewhat uniformly throughout the Atlantic, Pacific and
Indian Oceans. In addition, the significance of two new parameters, the
intensity of the salinity minimum and the slope of the T-S curve, is being
investigated.
An attempt to clarify experimentally the mechanisms of formation
and attenuation of a subsurface salintiy minimum was made during a
cruise in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. The cruise, designated
Selected Interval Cast Study - Pacific (SICS-PAC), covered the region
of a fairly well-developed salinity minimum in the North Pacific 800 to
1200 miles southwest of Newport, Oregon. The general objective of the
cruise was to perform a detailed study of the horizontal and vertical
gradients of salinity and temperature in the region of a subsurface salinity
minimum and to determine the time-dependent variation of these values.
It was intended that the values obtained from the hydrographic casts would
be used in an attempt to evaluate the vertical eddy diffusion constants for
heat and salt, specifically to solve the steady-state equation:
aT
a2S
KT
ax
az2
KS
S
a2T
ax
(1)
az2
In order to evaluate the time-dependent variation of salinity and
temperature, a drogue was placed with its parachute at the core depth
of the salinity minimum, and the ship was held to a fixed position with
respect to the drogue for 24 hours, while repeated hydrographic casts
were made through the salinity minimum. Nansen bottles were spaced
at intervals as small as three meters to improve resolution of smallscale variation of the parameters. Figure 3 shows a composite salinity
vs depth plot for this 24-hour observation.
7
SALINITY (%)
33.9
0
340
I
342
-T._I ----r34.1
TI
34.3
34.4
50
100
150
PLOT OF ALL SALINITY
VALUES FROM THE 24
200
HOUR STATION - 34.30' N.
140° 50'W
250
.d
RECTANGLES INDICATE
RANGE OF VALUES
FOR FOUR NANSEN
BOTTLES SPACED THREE
E
METERS APART.
x
500
I0
w
0
750
1000 1
1
1
1
1
....1
Figure 3. Salinity values from a station at 34° 30'N, 140° 501W.
This station was sampled repeatedly for 24 hours.
8
Twenty-two twenty-bottle casts to 1,000 meters were made in order
to describe the salinity and temperature structure near the salinity minimum. These were in addition to the cast series made at the 24-hour station.
It became apparent that the time-dependent variation of salinity and
temperature values encountered was entirely too large, compared to the
spatial variation, to permit the evaluation of the derivatives expressed in
equation (1). Many repeated casts should be made to statistically refine
the hydrographic data. The descriptive information concerning the salinity
minimum is presently being processed and a report will be prepared.
Chart of the World Ocean - Weyl
Figure 4 is a gnonomic projection of the globe onto a regular icosahedron. Vertices are located at the North and South Poles. To obtain
the best projection for the world oceans one would like to place as many
vertices on land as possible. This is accomplished by rotating the icosahedron in such a manner than one vertex will fall at 68°W, 28° 26'S.
The twenty isosceles triangles obtained have two different types of grids,
a polar and an equatorial grid On this projection the meridians are
straight lines, while the parallels are ellipses. Because each triangle
contains at most one-fifth of a parallel the ellipse can be reasonably well
approximated by a circle. The linear distortion on any triangle is less
than + 20%. To obtain a better representation of the Arctic Ocean, the
regular icosahedron is trunctaed at 65° N. Latitude. The various
triangles and the truncated triangles for the North Polar sector,, as well
as the regular pentagon covering the Arctic Ocean, can be assembled
in a number of different ways. To work specific parts of the world oceans,
other arrangements may be more desirable. By suitable cutting and folding
the map can be assembled into a globe.
9
II
GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Continental Margin
Continental Shelf Sedimentation - Byrne, Runge
Textural analyses have been completed on the continental shelf
sediments off the Oregon Coast. The inner shelf sediments consist
predominantly of clean, fine- to very fine-grained sands. These sands
are well sorted and are either positively or negatively skewed. A few
samples of coarse-grained sand and gravel occurring on the inner shelf
are believed to be relict deposits. The sediments of the outer shelf grade
from coarse-grained silt at about 50-60 fathoms to fine-grained silt and
clay over the shelf break. Exceptions occur locally in the vicinity of the
shelf break where there are high percentages of sand-sized glauconite
grains and where relict sands are exposed. The areas landward of and
immediately adjacent to Nehalem, Heceta, and Coquille Banks are
covered by very fine-grained silt and clay. Sorting is progressively
poorer as the grain size decreases. Most of the outer shelf sediments
are positively skewed.
Astoria Canyon - Byrne, Carlson
Samples collected from Astoria Submarine Canyon during the last
six months include six piston cores from the floor of the canyon, 37
gravity cores from the canyon walls and floor, and seven pipe dredges
from the walls. A total of 89 samples have been collected from the
area to date. These samples will be analyzed for textural and mineralogical trends. An addition of 300 miles of echo sounding lines brings the
total number of miles covered by Precision Depth Records to more than
1300. The sounding data are being used to construct bathymetric charts
of As to ria Submarine Canyon.
Foraminiferal Ecology - Fowler
The study of modern foraminifera from the shelf and slope off the
Oregon coast was extended southward from Newport to the Umpqua River
during October. Collections were made along the four east-west traverse
lines described below:
Depth (Meters)
Location
No. of Stations
Yaquina Head (44°40'N)
Alsea Bay (44°25'N)
Heceta Head (44°10'N)
Umpqua River (44°0'N)
3
17
3
21
730 - 2709
72 - 2265
1152 - 2300
27
- 1470
12
The stations off Yaquina Head had been occupied in May 1964, making
it possible to begin an examination of possible seasonal variations in
foraminiferal distribution at that location.
In addition to the usual corers, a Smith-McIntyre grab was used
to sample sandy bottoms. This device returns a relatively undisturbed
surface sample with an overlying column of water. Sub-samples can then
be taken by pushing a piece of 1-1/2-inch plastic core liner into the
sediment surface.
About one-half of the proposed sampling program has been
completed. Two hundred sixty-four samples have been processed in
the laboratory and are ready for examination under the microscope.
Foraminifera from 17 samples found at depths less than 120 meters
have been examined. Species composition and distributional trends are
compatible with those reported from other parts of the world. The fauna
found at depths less than 75 meters is dominated by calcareous forms,
notably Buliminella elegantissima and Elphidium magellanicum. Below
75 meters an agglutinated assemblage typified by Eggerella advena and
Becurvoides turbinatus characterizes the fauna.
Geology of the Central Oregon Continental Shelf and Slope - Byrne, Fowler
Fowler, Maloney
The final report covering the investigation of the continental margin
(shelf and slope) off the central coast of Oregon has been completed as a
Ph. D. dissertation by Neil J. Maloney. Copies of the dissertation are
located in both the Department library and the University library.
Deep-Sea Sedimentation
Oregon - Byrne, Nelson
The study of abyssal sedimentation on Astoria Fan and Cascadia
Abyssal Plain is being continued. Twenty piston cores up to twenty
feet in length and as many Phleger cores have been collected during
the past four months. A total of 26 Ewing piston cores and 26 Phleger
gravity cores that have been taken to date from the northern half of
Astoria Fan. These cores generally consist of greenish-gray mud with
interbedded sand layers up to 17 inches thick. Two cores located in
channels leading from the mouth of Astoria Canyon contain layers of
small-pebble-sized gravel. These layers are as much as 12 inches thick.
Precision Depth Recorder traces have been made over the northern half
of Astoria Fan and are being compiled into a new bathymetric chart.
13
Atlantic - Byrne, Fowler, Ensminger
An investigation of the sedimentary and faunal characteristics of
cores collected from the tropical North Atlantic has been completed.
Low percentages of terrigenous detritus of probable turbidity current
origin are present in most of the cores examined. However, a definite
turbidity current deposit was recognized only in a core taken close to the
African coast. Continental Rise sediments differ from basin and ridgeflank sediments in having a much higher proportion of detrital constituents,
generally coarser grain size, and a lower percentage of CaCO3 with the
exception of the red clays. A change from red clay to green clay is found
150 centimeters below the top of a core from eastern Cape Verde Abyssal
Plain. This change may reflect water mass characteristics at the close
of the last glacial stage. The presence of Globorotalia menardii flexuosa
and the dominance of left coiling specimens of Globorotalia truncatulinoides
150 centimeters below the top of a core from Cape Verde Basin (the longest
core studied) suggests a transition from the last glacial stage to the Recent.
Coastal and Estuarine Sedimentation
Coastal Sediments - Kulm, Byrne
Heavy mineral analysis of the coastal sediments from southern
Washington, Oregon, and northern California are being continued. A
total of 84 heavy mineral grain mounts have been made of the beach
sands in these coastal areas. The investigation of the heavy mineral
suites of the coastal river sediments of Oregon and northern California
has been expanded to include the 62-125 and 250-500 micron size fraction.
An earlier study of the 125-250 micron size fraction showed that much
more information could be obtained from the river sediments if the aforementioned size classes were included. Grain mounts have been made
for all the river sediments. In addition, magnetic separations are being
made on the more complex heavy mineral suites.
Netarts Bay Foraminifera - Fowler, Hunger
Forty-two samples of foraminifera from Netarts Bay have been
collected and analyzed during the report period. Standing crops of
more than 200 foraminifera/cm2 have been found in samples from high
marsh areas wetted principally from below. Values consistently less
than 6 foraminifera/cm2 were found in samples from adjacent mud flats
and channels free from abundant growths of algae and grass. The high
marsh is dominated by Trochammina inflata and Trochammina nitida,
whereas Miliammina fusca is the characteristic species on the mud flats
and in the channels. Living foraminifera have been found more than eight
feet above mean tide level. Textural and organic carbon analyses of about
forty sediment samples is underway.
Yaquina Bay Foraminifera - Fowler, Manske
During the past six months, weekly samples were collected from
the channel of Yaquina Bay at eight stations on a traverse extending
eleven miles upstream from near the mouth of the bay. Additional
collections were made in three of the main tributary sloughs of the bay.
Salinity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature data were taken simultaneously. Fifty-four samples have been stained and washed and are
ready for examination under the microscope. Analyses of twenty species
of foraminifera in ten samples from McCaffery Slough have shown that
Miliammina fusca and Trochammina inflata are dominant in marsh, marsh
channel, and tidal flat areas. The main estuary channel, although still
dominated by agglutinated forms, can be characterized by the presence
of Buliminella elegantissima, Elphidiella hannai, and Elphidium spp.
Standing crop values range from one to more than 25 foraminifera/cm3.
Nearshore Carbonate Sands of Bermuda - Kulm, Byrne, Carlson
The study of the beach and nearshore carbonate sediments of Bermuda
is nearing completion. Textural analyses have been completed on all
samples, and the data have been reduced and analyzed. The faunal content as well as the gross physical characteristics of the sediments have
been determined for each of the seasonal beach profiles. Variations in
the faunal content between summer and winter do not appear to be as
significant as the faunal differences among the beaches.
15
GEOPHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Seismic Work at Sea - Berg, Dehlinger, King
Seismic reflection work, using the sparker and gas gun systems,
has been completed in the area off Newport, Oregon. Studies off the
mouth of the Columbia River have revealed two buried channels. This
work will be continued to determine more detail of the channels and
other shallow features. The sparker source energy will be increased
to 10, 000 joules. Attempts will be made to obtain sub-bottom reflections
over the continental rise off the Oregon coast.
Results from shallow reflection studies and seismic refraction
profiles off Newport, Oregon, were presented at the Geological Society
of American meeting in April.
Sixteen new seismic refraction lines will be instituted off California,
Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. This work, undertaken
jointly with Scripps Institution of Oceanography, will begin in May 1965.
Thermal Studies - Berg, Bodvarsson, Hutt
All thermal probe equipment has been tested at sea during two
short cruises. Initial studies are being made over magntic anomalies
about 150 miles off the Oregon coast. Hard bottom (sand) conditions
do not permit good penetration of the present probe. A new probe
designed to overcome this difficulty is being built.
Laboratory studies to relate thermal conductivity and electrical
conductivity are in progress. If these studies show positive results,
attempts will be made to measure thermal conductivity of bottom sediments in situ by electrical methods.
Theoretical Studies - Berg, Bodvarsson, Maloof, Stone, Odegard,
Papageorge
Various direct interpretation methods in the fields of gravity,
thermal and electromagnetic exploration are being studied. Modern
methods of network analysis and synthesis are being applied to geophysical problems, and a direct method of interpreting DC resistivity
and magnetotelluric field data has been developed. Theoretical work is
also being conducted on analytical continuation of potential fields and the
filtering of potential field data.
16
Marine Gravity - Dehlinger, Couch, Banks, Gallagher
Surface-ship gravity measurements have been made off the coasts
of California, Washington, and Oregon. The Mendocino escarpment and
the seaward extension of the San Andreas fault zone were examined extensively. Results from these investigations were presented at the
American Geophysical Union meeting in April 1965.
Magnetics - Berg, McKnight, Bales
Magnetic measurements have been made at sea between the Columbia
River and San Francisco Bay from near the shoreline seaward for 70 miles.
The data are being prepared for publication.
A spinner magnetometer constructed for use in paleomagnetic work
is now being checked. Paleomagnetic studies will begin during the
summer of 1965.
Land Gravity Studies - Berg, Thiruvathukal, Odegard
A gravity base station network has been established in Oregon.
All stations are tied with international base stations. Results of this
work were presented at the American Geophysical Union meeting in
December.
Free-air and Bouguer anomaly maps of the offshore and onshore
Oregon area are being constructed for publication. The data will be
analyzed with particular attention to the transition between deep ocean
and continent.
A method for using the fourier integral in the analysis of gravity
Results of this research were presented at
the Society of Exploration Geophysicists in Los Angeles, California.
data has been developed.
Seismic Wave Studies - Berg, Trembly, Sarmah, Long
Amplitudes, waveforms, and energies of seismic waves recorded
at near-regional, regional, and teleseismic distances are being studied
to gain information about seismic srources. Papers giving results of
this work were presented at the Seismological Society of American
meeting in St. Louis, Missouri.
17
Earthquake Seismology - Dehlinger, Chiburis, French
The World- Wide Seismic Station at Corvallis and a satellite station
at Klamath Falls, Oregon, have operated continuously during the report
period. Travel-time graphs for the Pacific Northwest region have been
completed and interpreted. The findings were presented at the American
Geophysical Union meeting in December 1964.
A study involving the dispersion of surface waves has also been
A report of this work was presented at the American
Geophysical Union in April 1965.
completed.
19
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Offshore Chemistry - Park, Dobson, George
Collection of seasonal and spatial variation data of pH and alaklinity
for one year is completed. The data are being analyzed with respect to
the effects of the Columbia River plume and summer upwelling. Net
oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange across the air-sea interface during
the upwelling season will be estimated from these data.
Improvement of Shipboard Techniques - Park, George
Conductometric alkalinity determination. A continuous titration
cell is being tested in the laboratory. Preliminary titration data are
1.
promising.
2. Gas chromatographic determination of dissolved gases. An
electrolysis cell for preparing reliable oxygen standards has been constructed. The advantage of this approach is that the standard is not
affected by temperature or atmospheric pressure.
Salinometer. The Journal of the Oceanographic Society of
Japan requested that Park and Burt write a review article on the
salinometer. A 70-page article was prepared. The article reviewed
the nature of electrolytic conductance of sea water and the effects of
3.
pressure, temperature, and biogeochemical factors, as well as the
precision and intercomparison of various salinometers.
Physical Chemistry of Sea Water - Weyl, Connors, Duedall
Measurements of the partial molar volumes and the partial equivalent conductances of salts in sea water are continuing. Since the last
report, the partial molar volumes of the following salts have been
measured in sea water at 24. 5°C and three salinities: NaCl, KC1,
NaC2H3O21 MgC2H3O2, MgSO4, KHCO3, Na2SO4, K2S04, KNO3,
NaNO3, Ca(N03)2.
The partial equivalent conductances of the following salts have been measured in sea water at two or more temperatures
and at three salinities: NaCl, KC1, K2SO4, Na2SO4.
Chemical Reactions in Sea Water - Pytkowicz, Kester
Noise in the potentiometrit titration equipment has been reduced,
and the equipment is operational. We are studying the performance
of pH electrodes in sea water prior to the determination of the
dissociation constants of the weak acids, which have an effect on buffering
and sedimentation.
When pH electrodes are introduced into sea water a transient signal
is observed before a steady reading is obtained. This transient is observable for about ten minutes with pH meters, and at room temperature, can
be followed for two hours in our high precision equipment. At lower
temperatures, equilibration requires even longer.
Because this transient depends on the conditioning of the electrode,
we are examining the critical problem of the reproducibility of pH
readings as a function of the history of the electrodes used. We want
to know how to pretreat electrodes to assure reproducibility of readings
in routine and high precision pH measurements. The time lag between
equipment standardization with buffer and the reading of a stable pH in
sea water is also being investigated.
Oxygen-Phosphate Relations off Oregon - Pytkowicz
Oxygen and phosphate data obtained during February and March
were examined for indications of oxygen exchange with the atmosphere.
The offshore data taken during February is presented in Figure 1.
Because calibrations are not yet available,, oxygen is given in milliliters of titrant and, phosphate in absorbance units. The linear relationship found' for data taken 15 through 185 miles offshore indicates that there
had been no exchange, and that biological production controlled the oxygen
and phosphate concentrations. Data from three stations of cruise SICS
(Selected Interval Cast Study) suggest the presence further offshore of
water with lower phosphate above 200 meters. This is probably central
water which is phosphate-depleted due to the surface convergence resulting
from the clockwise gyre.
The data taken in March is presented in Figure 2. These data were
obtained following weeks of clear skies, and suggest an increase in nearsurface oxygen due to photosynthesis. This increase caused supersaturation and loss of oxygen to the atmosphere, as shown by the deviations from the linear relationship in the upper 50 meters.
:t
10.0
10.0
CRUISE 6502-
CRUISE 6503
° SICS 1,4,7
STATIONS NH25,53N
NH 19 THRU 185
8.0
200m
6
J
E
0N
Theoretical Slope and
Observed Deep Slope
2.0
0.1
-
-
U
0.3
F
0.5
I\
0.7
i
Data from February 1965.
.I
-
l
2.0
10
_0
P04 -P (,lg at/L)
P04 -P (absorbance)
Figure 1.
I
II
,
Figure 2.
Data from March 1965.
1
I\
3.0
-
1,
Paleochemistry of the Oceans - Weyl
A study of the paleochemistry of the ocean is continuing. In order
to handle the problem realistically, the scope of the investigation will be
enlarged to encompass the problem of the stability of the total environment of the earth's surface. At this stage we feel that stability results
from the interaction of the ocean with the biosphere, lithosphere, and
atmosphere. A paper on these ideas has been written and will be submitted
for publication soon.
Vapor Flux Across the Isthmus of Panama - Deffeyes
The transport of water vapor by the trade winds across the Isthmus
of Panama may be an important part of,,the hydrologic balance that keeps
the Atlantic saltier than the Pacific. An estimate of the annual flux
across the Isthmus is being made using the upper-air observations at the
Canal Zone, along with a topographic compilation of the cross section
open to vapor flow at each vertical level. A preliminary analysis based
on one year's data indicates a water vapor flux of 6 x 104 cubic meters
per second. This will be compared with vapor fluxes elsewhere to see
whether the largest vapor transport between the ocean basins is, indeed,
across the Isthmus of Panama.
Removal of Alkalinity from Sea Water.
Clays - Deffeyes, Weyl
Preliminary work is in progress on the adsorption of alkalinity
from sea water by clay minerals. Funding of the clay study by the
National Science Foundation, beginning in June, will allow expansion of
the present program.
MARINE RADIOCHEMISTRY AND RADIOECOLOGY
Nekton - Osterberg, Pearcy, Larsen, Dickson, Cronin, Tennant,
Wyandt
A large share of our effort is now directed to measuring the,
specific activity of zinc-65, chromium-51, and manganese-54 in the
water and animals. Samples are frozen aboard ship, then analyzed
both for radioactive and stable elements. Radioanalysis is by gammaray spectrometry, and stable elements are analyzed with the PerkinElmer Model 303 atomic absorption spectrometer.
Seventy-nine samples of individual species of organisms have been
analyzed for gamma emitters during this period. These include pelagic
animals from the upper 1000 meters, as well as some benthic fishes.
In addition, several mixed pelagic collections, representing quantitative
midwater trawl collections from different depth strata, have also been
radioanalyzed.
Radiochemistry - Cronin, Cutshall, Osterberg
A process for the routine shipboard chemistry of large volumes
of sea water (150 or 300 gallon batches) has been developed. The equipment and procedure were tested on the SICS-PAC cruise (Selected
Internal Casting Study - Pacific, 22 February - 10 March). Twenty-six
large sample co-precipitates were made on a line of stations extending
from Newport, Oregon, to about 1400 miles off Baja, California.
Analysis of the concentrated co-precipitates by gamma-ray
spectrometry
reveals the presence of Mn54 in most of the samples. Zinc-65 was
readily apparent only off Oregon. Manganese-54 appears to be closely
related to fallout, while the Columbia River (i. e. , Hanford Laboratories)
is the primary source of Zn65. A sample spectrum
of the precipitate
from 150 gallons of membrane-filtered water taken off Newport (100
miles from the Columbia River) is s een in Figure 1 . Chromium-51
did not appear in the precipitate, but was concentrated on the membrane
filter (D.45µ). A paper describing t;he large volume shipboard chemical
process is being prepared by Cronin and Osterberg.
Solvent extraction techniques (500 ml samples) were used for
analysis of stable trace elements in sea water. Mr. Cronin's thesis
will be concerned with this subject.
K40
Figure 1 . Spectrum of concentrated co-precipit ate from 150 gallons of membrane-fil tered sea water,
collected off Oregon, 22 February 19 65. Zinc-65 peak indi cates presence of Columbia
River water. Background has been s ubtracted, 800 minute count.
CUCUMBIR
mvd
21S5m
Figure 2. Spectra of 3. 53 g (dry weight) of sea cucumbers and 500 ml
from 2865 meters show almost no similarity.
Benthos - Osterberg, Carey, Larsen, Dickson, Hancock, Alspach
Seventy-five samples have been analyzed for gamma emitters
during this period. These include four sediment samples and 29 species
of benthic invertebrates taken from depths of 25 meters to 2800 meters.
Compilation and reduction of data are in progress.
Most of the short half-lived fission products reported earlier in
sea cucumbers (Osterberg, Carey, and Curl, 1963) have decayed.
However, evidence for artificial radioisotopes in some deep animals
remains. Figure 2 shows that the gamma emitters present in a deep
sea cucumber are not the natural radionuclides which are prominent
in sediments, nor do they appear to originate at the Hanford reactors.
Geochemistry - Johnson, Cutshall, Osterberg
Two thesis research projects are in progress. Mr. Johnson is
examining the binding properties of radionuclides on sediments, and
Mr. Cutshall is investigating the chemistry of chromium.
Sediment Probe Studies - Jennings, Cutshall, Frederick, Osterberg
The in situ gamma-ray sediment probe has been tested, and an article
on its use has been published. The data taken in the Columbia River
estuary are being analyzed by Mr. Jennings for inclusion in a thesis.
Success of the probe encouraged us to make modifications to extend its
operating range from the present 200 feet to about 1200 feet. Laboratory
tests with 3000 feet of cable are entirely satisfactory, and field tests will
be made when a suitable winch is available.
Estuarine Collections - Haertel, Tennant, Osterberg
Monthly collections at three stations in the Columbia River are being
Animals are collected with a 22-foot shrimp-type otter trawl,
and juvenile nekton are taken with a 3-foot Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl.
Both ecological and radioecological studies are in progress.
continued.
Other Work - Cross, Kujala, Jennings, Cronin
Thesis research by Mr.Kujala on the radioactivity of salmon has
revealed that the effects of the Columbia River, as reflected by the Zn65
content of the fish, extend north as far as Alaska. Mr. Cross is conducting
uptake and retention studies with benthic amphipods. Cross, Jennings,
and Cronin have received AEC-sponsored fellowships for summer research
at Battelle -Northwest, Richland, Washington.
27
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Phytoplankton Ecology - Curl, Small, Hardy
Two papers are now in preparation. The first is on assimilation
numbers (mg C/mg chlorophyll "a") and the possible effects of nutrient
levels on these numbers; the second deals with the effects of coastal
upwelling and river discharge on light attentuation and chlorophyll concentration. An analysis of seasonal production from C14 and chlorophylllight data taken over a three-year period, will follow shortly.
In the future, factors affecting assimilation numbers will be
investigated both in the field and in the laboratory. Effects of upwelling
on production and phytoplankton population development will also be
studied.
Energy and Element Transfer in the Lower Marine Food Web - Small,
Hebard, Bergeron, Fowler
Respiration studies of three species of euphausiid are nearing
completion. Respiration rates were found by measuring oxygen consumption in a Gilson respirometer. Rates for animals ranging in dry
weight from 0. 5 to 45. 0 mg were determined at three temperatures
(5° C, 10° C and 15°C). As expected, respiration rate varied directly
with temperature. Respiration rates were also determined by Winkler
oxygen titration and gas chromatography. All three methods gave comparable results. A report of this work will be submitted for publication
shortly.
Measurement of direct and food chain uptake of Zn65 by euphausiids
is being continued. Uptake values serve as both a measure of zinc transfer
and an index of metabolism. These assimilation studies will be compared
with C14 methods and counting techniques that employ their relationship:
Assimilation = Ingestion - E ge s tion
Marine Microbiology - Morita
Attempts are now being made to isolate obligate psychrophiles
that are capable of amylase production (starch hydrolysis), as well as
protease activity (gelatin liquefaction). The isolation of these organisms
will allow us to study the kinetics of the reactions under pressure and
temperature. Such studies are necessary in order to understand the
potential of these enzymes at low temperature and elevated hydrostatic
pressure in relation to the cycles of matter.
Characterization of the materials leaking out of the cells of Vibrio
marinus MP-1 when subjected to temperatures between 20 and 30° C are
still being conducted.
The kinetics of L-serine deamination in Vibrio marinus MP-1 are
also being continued.
The prefabrication of a temperature-hydrostatic pressure poJarimeter tube is nearly complete. This instrument will allow us to study
the helix-coil transformations of enzymes or model proteins when they
are subjected to temperature and/or pressure changes.
Benthic Ecology and Systematics - Carey, McCauley, Alspach, Hancock
Four cruises were undertaken during this period, yielding 25
quantitative anchor dredge samples, 17 otter trawl and 38 Smith-McIntyre
bottom grab samples from stations on the shelf, slope, and abyssal plain.
Two new stations were added, one at the bottom of the first slope valley
and the other at the base of the slope on Cascadia Abyssal Plain. A new
trawling station at a depth of 1200 meters on the slope is now being
sampled.
Laboratory analyses of the collections are continuing. Ninetytwo quantitative anchor dredge samples along the station line have been
analyzed for faunal abundance and relative abundance of major taxa.
Identifications of the fauna continue.
The Sanders Deep Sea Anchor Dredge has been redesigned. The
new model, called the Anchor-Box Dredge, incorporates a frontal planing
surface, towing bail, metal box with hinged rear door, and a V-shaped
throat valve. The Anchor-Box Dredge has been used on two cruises and
has successfully sampled a variety of bottoms over a broad depth range.
Animal-Sediment Interrelationships - Carey, Hancock
The effects of organic carbon levels and texture of the sediments
on the infauna have been studied. Polychaete worms form a greater
portion of the fauna when the sediment is soft and the organic content
29
relatively high. The total numbers per unit area decrease with decreasing
organic content on the abyssal plain. Zones of faunal change on the shelf
and slope appear to be associated with marked changes in sediment composition. Though the sediment is probably but one of a complex of factors
affecting the distribution and abundance of the fauna, it appears to be quite
important in certain portions of the area under study.
Polychaete Distribution in Yaquina Bay - Morrison, Carey
Samples collected earlier have been analyzed, and the animals
separated into their major taxonomic groups. The numbers, dry weights
and ash-free dry weights per square meter have been determined for
each group at-five stations in the bay and one station offshore.
The polychaete Nephtys cae coide s exhibited a continuous distribution
from the offshore station to a point approximately five miles into the
estuary. An effort is being made to correlate this distribution to the known
habits of this organism and the ecological conditions found in the estuary.
Vertical Distribution and Migration of Oceanic Animals - Pearcy, Forss,
Laurs, Renshaw
Sixteen opening and closing midwater trawl samples were collected
during the report period. These samples and multiple meter net collections taken from various depths within the upper 1000 meters during
both day and night are providing data on the vertical distribution and
migration of small nekton and macroplankton. A nocturnal increase in
the numbers and biomass of mesopelagic fishes and shrimps within the
upper 150 meters is obvious. This corresponds to a less marked nocturnal
decrease between 150 and 500 meters.
Distribution and Ecology of Oceanic Animals - Pearcy, Hebard, Forss,
Laurs, VanArsdale, Hubbard
Studies on occurrence and abundance of oceanic fishes, shrimps,
euphausiids, copepods, and salps, and their relationships to oceanographic
features off Oregon, are nearing completion. Seasonal, geographic, and
bathymetric differences in distributions are apparent in several cases.
Variations are being examined with respect to hydrography and biomass
of other trophic levels. Identifications of chaetognaths and amphipods are
in progress.
During the report period a total of 32 midwater trawl and 19
meter net collections were made in conjunction with this program.
Twelve of these collections were taken during the SICS-PAC (Selected
Interval Casting Study - Pacific) cruise to Eastern North Pacific
central waters. These collections are of special interest because they
provide information on the species present in a water mass adjoining
that off Oregon.
Oceanic Trematode Studies - McCauley, Eagle
Work continues on the collection of marine deep-sea trematodes.
Thirty-two additional fish have been autopsied, and five new species of
trematodes were found. Since September 1963 at least thirteen new
species have been found in the course of this research. Two host fish
identified as parabassogigus grandis are the first of their species to
be reported from the Northeast Pacific. More than 1400 specimens of
digenetic trematodes and 200 monogenetic trematodes are now in the
collection. The initial work on a new species of the copepod genus
Lophoura is being described jointly with Mr. S. N. Wilkes of the
Department of Zoology.
Plankton Inventories at Yaquina Bay - Frolander
The weekly sampling program has been continued. Quantitative
and qualitative net tows were taken and surface and bottom observations
of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were made at the four
established stations. The data collected is summarized below.
Number of Observations
Type of Observation
61
Clarke-Bumpus tow - #6 mesh
59
Clarke - Bumpus tow - #12 mesh
8
1/2-meter net tow - #6 mesh
Temperature, salinity, dissolved
oxygen
161
Samples collected in the weekly sampling program have been
analyzed by the vacuum displacement method, accessioned into ledgers,
cataloged in card files and deposited in chronological accessioning cases.
A computer program to perform routine calculations on zooplankton species counts was put into operation in October. To date, 173
zooplankton samples have been processed. Information summarized by
31
the computer program includes a description of the station, the biomass
of each species present, and the percentage composition of the sample.
The density of the water at both the surface and the bottom is also
calculated.
33
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
During the six-month period one student has completed the
requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Oceanography. Six have
completed the requirements for the Master of Science in Oceanography.
All seven degrees will be formally conferred in June 1965. The students
who will receive these degrees are listed below.
Kulm, LaVerne D. - Ph. D.
Thesis Title: Sediments of Yaquina Bay, Oregon
Major Professor: John V. Byrne
Laun, Philip R. - M. S.
Thesis Title: Primary Seismic Waves (P) at 250-350 km
Compared to Measured Wave at 0. 3 km from
Gnome Nuclear Explosion
Major Professor: Joseph W. Berg, Jr.
McCormick, Jon M. - M. S.
Thesis Title: Some aspects of Marine Hydroid Ecology offOregon
Major Professor: James E. McCauley
Minard, David R. - M. S.
Thesis Title: Some Aspects of Marine Hydroid Ecology off
Oregon
Major Professor: June G. Pattullo
Trembly, Lynn D. - M. S.
Thesis Title: Primary Seismic Waves near Explosions.
Major Professor: Joseph W. Berg, Jr.
Skov, Neils A. - M. S.
Thesis Title: Factors Influencing the Salinity Difference
Between the North Atlantic and North Pacific
Oceans
Major Professor: June G. Pattullo
Swanson, Robert L. - M. S.
Thesis Title: Tidal Prediction, Variation of Observed
Tide from Predicted Tide - Newport, Oregon
Major Professor: June G. Pattullo
FACILITIES
Research Vessel YAQUINA
The Research Vessel YAQUINA commenced operations from
Newport, Oregon, in October 1964. After the initial shakedown period,
the reliability and superior sea-keeping qualities of the ship were
demonstrated by meeting a schedule of 72% of the time at sea during
January through March 1965. Total time at sea was 108 days, during
which 9000 miles were covered on 18 separate cruises. Endurance of
scientific party, ship and crew was successfully tested on one joint
Physical-Chemical-Biological cruise of 19 days and 2500 miles.
Oceanographic data was also collected on three drogue, four geological,
two hydrographic, one geophysics and eight biological cruises.
Oceanography Building
Formal decication of the new Oceanography Building was held
on 5 November 1964 in the Home Economics Auditorium. The building
was presented to the University by Dr. Harve J. Carlson, Director of
the Division of Biology and Medicine of the National Science Foundation.
The Honorable Mark O. Hatfield, Governor of Oregon, accepted the
building. The afternoon program consisted of a lecture "The Project
Mohole" by Gordon Lill, director of the project. Open house in the
new building followed.
The first year of occupancy of the building ended with the preparation of a proposal for funds to build an addition to the existing
structure. The addition, if approved, is scheduled for occupancy in
February 1968.
The Marine Science Center
The main laboratory of the Marine Science Center was completed
on 16 February 1965, and outfitting of the building is now underway.
The courtyard in the central portion of the building is being landscaped
by Newport Boy Scout Troop #41. A committee of scientists from the
from the Department of Oceanography is working with Mr. Mark
Sponenburgh of the Art Department in the preparation of museum
displays. Formal dedication of the building is scheduled for 19 June
1965.
..
TOTAL
I
14
15
14
21
25
Several projects are already underway in the OceanographyZoology wing of the laboratory. Dr. Robert Bacon, University of
Oregon Medical School, is spending a sabbatical leave at the laboratory.
He is writing up a portion of his electron microscope studies on sea
urchins. Mr. David Young is coordinating engineering operations in
the instrumentation of oil drilling barges to be located off the coast
near Newport this summer. Mr. John T. Cronin is working on the
extraction of fats from sea water and the measurement of their natural
radioactivity.
37
NE W STAFF
Dr. Stephen J. Neshyba has joined the staff as Associate Professor
of Physical Oceanography. Dr. Neshyba holds both the B. S. and M. S.
degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas. He has
just recently completed the requirements for the Ph. D. in Oceanography
at Texas A and M University. His dissertation is entitled, "Bioluminescence as Noise in an Underwater Optical Surveying System".
Dr. Neshyba has worked as an aerophysics engineer and, more
recently, as a teacher of electrical engineering. His primary interest
is in marine optics. In this connection, he has been investigating the
uses of the laser in oceanographic work, and the enhancement of the
ambient noise at optical frequencies due to insertion in the water of
an active optical system.
Dr. Jefferson J. Gonor joined our staff in December as an Assistant
Professor of Oceanography. Dr. Gonor holds the B. S. degree from
Southwest Louisiana University, and the Ph. D. from the University of
Washington. His specialization is in the zoology of marine invertebrates.
His doctoral dissertation is entitled "Functional Anatomy of the Digestive
Tract of a Marine Snail".
Dr. Gonor comes to us from the Douglas Marine Station of the
University of Alaska. In the early part of 1965 he participated in a
cruise of the TE VEGA in the South Pacific. Dr. Gonor will be one of
the resident staff at the Marine Science Center.
Dr. Laverne D. Kulm has been appointed Assistant Professor
of Geological Oceanography. Dr. Kulm received his B. S. in Geology
from Monmouth College, Monmouth, Illinois, in 1959, and since that
time has been associated with the Department of Oceanography as a
graduate assistant. As part of the requirement for the Ph. D. , he
submitted a dissertation entitled, "Sediments of Yaquina Bay, Oregon.
Dr. Kulm's main interest is in the application of oceanographic
principles to Recent marine sedimentation. He is currently engaged in
research on the entire range of coastal sediments.
Mr. Charles R. Easley, formerly project construction inspector
at the Marine Science Laboratory site, has been appointed Senior
Instructor in the Department of Oceanography. Mr. Easley holds B. S.
and M. S. degrees from Oregon State University and has taught industrial
arts in the Lincoln County schools for several years.
Mr. Easley's broad background in the sciences, industrial arts,
and education, as well as his military experience in the Navy and his
familiarity with the Newport area, uniquely qualify him or his position
as plant manager of the Marine Science Center.
Commander Richard G. Redmond, U. S. N. (Ret.) joined our
staff in October, 1964, as Assistant Marine Superintendent. His duties
deal with administration of research vessel operations. He received a
B. S. degree in Business Administration from Kent State University in
1940. Before joining the Navy in 1942, he was employed as a public
accountant.
Commander Redmond brings to the department.. 22 years of
service as a naval officer. This service included the command of two
destroyers and a radar picket squadron, as well as the supervision of
atomic weapons training and Navy missle tests.
Mr. David A. Young has joined the staff of the Marine Science
Laboratory as a Senior Instructor. Mr. Young holds the B. S. degree
in Mechanical Engineering from California Institute of Technology and
is recognized as a pioneer innovator of the space age. While with Aerojet
Corporation he assisted in the design of liquid rocket engines. As Chief
of the Space Technology Group of the Advanced Research Project Agency,
he was engaged in the technical evaluation and monitoring of space programs.
Mr. Young returned to Aerojet Corporation as Director of Long
Range Planning. He has recently been working with the Office of Economic
Opportunity in the formulation of plans for the President's War on Poverty.
At the Marine Science Laboratory, Mr. Young is directing the
engineering aspects of oceanographic instrumentation.
39
VISITING SCIENTISTS
5
November 1964
Mr. Gordon Lill, Director of the Mohole Project,
National Science Foundation
14 December 1964
Dr. Joel Hedgpeth, Pacific Marine Station, Dillon
Beach, California
28 December 1964
Mr. Strick, Shell Oil Company. "Reflection and
Refraction of Seismic Waves"
7
January 1965
Dr. Fredrick Spilhaus, Jr.
, Department of
Geology and Geophysics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology
13 January 1965
Dr. Stephen Neshyba, Department of Oceanography
and Meteorology, Texas A and M University
25 January 1965
Professor H. D. Holland, Department of Geology,
Princeton University
11 February 1965
Dr. Robert A. Duce, Department of Geology and
Geophysics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
41
PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS
Publications
Burt, Wayne V. , and S. A. Kulm. Oceanography. Encyclopedia of
Earth Sciences. (in press)
Burton, S. D. and R. Y. Morita. The influence of catalase and cultural
conditions on Beggiatoa. J. Bacteriol. 88: 1755-1761 (1964).
Byrne, J. V. Geomorphology of the Continental Terrace off the central
coast of Oregon.
The Ore Bin. 24: 65-74 (1964).
Curl, Herbert, Norman Cutshall, Charles Osterberg. Uptake of Chromium
(III) by particles in sea-water. Nature. 205(4968): 275-276 (1965).
Dehlinger, Peter. Reliability at sea of gimbal-suspended gravity meters
with 0. 7 critically damped accelerometers. J. Geophys. Res.
69(24): 5383-5394
(1964).
Dehlinger, Peter, and B. R. Jones. Free-air gravity anomaly map of
the Gulf of Mexico and its tectonic implications, 1963 edition.
Geophysics. .30(1): 102-110
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Dehlinger, P. , W. A. Rinehart, J. W. Berg, Jr. Oregon State University
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Am. Geophys. Union. 46(1): 223 (1965).
Duedall, I. W. , and P. K. Weyl. Apparatus for determining the partial
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Frolander, Herbert F. Biological and chemical features of tidal
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Mathemeier, P. F. , and Richard Y. Morita. The influence of substratecofactor ratios on partially purified inorganic pyrophosphatase at
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Morita R. Y. , R. R. Colwell and M. B. Gochnauer. Taxonomy of
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Osterberg, C. L. , W. G. Pearcy and N. Kujala. Gamma emitters in a
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Park, Kilho and Magdalena Catalfomo. Gas chromatographic determination of dissolved oxygen in sea water using argon as carrier
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Berg, J. W. , Jr. , and J. V. Thiruvathukal. Gravity Base Station Network,
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Berg, J. W.
, Jr. , and G. E. Papageorge.
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Carey, A. G.
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Jr. and D. R. Hancock. An anchor-box dredge for deep
sea sampling.
Carey, A. G.
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tionships off the central Oregon coast.
Engineering.
Deffeyes, K. S.
Carbonate equilibria:
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Limnology and Oceanography.
a graphical and algebraic approach.
Dehlinger, P. E. F. Chiburis and M. M. Collver. Local travel-time
curves and their,, geologic implications for the Pacific Northwest
states.
Bull. Seis. Soc. Am.
Eagle, Rodney J.
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and James E. McCauley. Collecting and preparing
deep-sea trematodes.
Turtox News.
McCormick, J. Michael. Some aspects of the ecology of hydroids off
Oregon. Northwest Science.
Morita, R. Y. , and L. J. Albright. Cell yields of Vibrio marinus,
an obligate psychrophile, at low temperature. Can. J. Microbiol.
Morita, R. Y. , and S. D. Burton. Filamentous appendages of Thiothrix.
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Odegard, M. E. , and J. W. Berg, J. Gravity interpretation using the
Fourier integral. Geophysics.
Park, Kilho and Wayne V. Burt. Electrolytic conductance of sea water
and the salinometer. Jour. Oceanogr. Society of Japan
Park, Kilho. Gas chromatographic determination of dissolved oxygen,
nitrogen, and total CO2 in sea water. Jour. Oceanogr. Soc. of
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Pattullo, June G. Mean Sea Level. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences.
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Data Reports
Schatz, C. E. , and Peter Dehlinger. Oregon State University Seismological,
Bulletin #4 (April 1 to June 30, 1964), Data Report No. 18, Dept.
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Papers Presented at Scientific Meetings
Berg, J. W. , Jr. , and J. V. Thiruvathukal. Gravity base station network
Oregon. Presented at American Geophysical Union, December
1964, Seattle; and Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February
1965, Corvallis.
Byrne, J. V. Marine geology at Oregon State. Presented at Pacific
Northwest Oceanographers, February 1965, Corvallis.
45
Carey, A. G. , and D. R. Hancock. Animal-sediment relationships off
the Oregon coast. Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers,
February 1965. Corvallis.
Carey, A. G. , Jr. The ecology of the benthos off central Oregon.
Presented at University of Washington Faculty Ecology Seminars,
March 1965.
Seattle, Washington.
Carlson, P. R. Marine geology of Astoria Canyon. Presented at
Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February 1965. Corvallis.
Chiburis, E. F. Crustal investigations using Love and Rayleigh wave
dispersion curves in the Pacific Northwest states. Presented at
Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February 1965. Corvallis.
Deffeyes, K. S.
The Christmas week floods and the chemical history
of the oceans. Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers,
February 1965. Corvallis.
Dehlinger, Peter.
Current research at Oregon State University in gravity
measurements at sea and earthquake seismology. Presented at
Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February 1965. Corvallis.
Dehlinger, Peter, E. F. Chiburis, and M. M. Collver. Travel-time
curves for the Pacific Northwest states and their geologic
implications. Presented at American Geophysical Union Western
National Meeting, December 1964. Seattle, Washington. Also
presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February 1965.
Corvallis.
Dehlinger, Peter, and R. W. Couch. Gravity investigations along the
San Andreas fault zone. Presented at Pacific Northwest
Oceanographers, February 1965. Corvallis.
Eagle, R. J. , and J. E. McCauley. Deep-sea fish parasitology.
Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February 1965.
Corvallis.
Fowler, G. A. Foraminiferal studies off the Oregon coast. Presented
at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February 1965. Corvallis.
Hunger, A. A. Foraminiferal distribution in Netarts Bay, Oregon.
Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February 1965.
Corvallis.
Kulm, L. D. Coastal sediments of Oregon. Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February 1965.
Corvallis.
46
Laurs, Michael. Seasonal distribution of meso-pelagic fishes off
Brookings, Oregon - an area of seasonal upwelling. Presented
at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February 1965. Corvallis.
Meredith, S. Structure and biotic interactions of marine mussel bed
biocoenoses. Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers,
February 1965. Corvallis.
Mooers, Christopher. Some statistics of ocean dynamics from one mile
deep. Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February
1965. Corvallis.
Morita, Richard Y. Staff member, University of California's Extension
Program. "The biology of marine microorganisms". December 2123, 1964. Berkeley, California.
Nelson, C. H. Sediments of Astoria Fan and adjacent Gascadia Abyssal
Plain. Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February
1965. Corvallis.
Odegard, M. E. , and J. W. Berg, Jr. Gravity interpretation using the
Fourier integral. Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers,
February 1965. Corvallis. Also presented at Society of Exploration Geophysicists, November 1964. Los Angeles, California.
Osterberg, Charles. American Geophysical Union Tour, October 12-23.
California State College, University of California at LaJolla,
Los Angeles City College, University of Southern California,
Los Angeles and Los Angeles Valley College, Van Nuys.
Osterberg, Charles. Congressional sub-committee on oceanography.
December 7, 1964. Seattle, Washington.
Osterberg, Charles. AEC Review Panel. December 10-12,
1964.
Seattle, Washington.
Park, Kilho. Electrolytic conductance of sea water and calcium carbonate
dissolution. Presented at Geochem Soc. of Japan, December 1964.
Beppu, Japan.
Park, Kilho, Miyake Yasuo and Yoshio Sugiura. Carbon dioxide species
and electrolytic conductance of deep-sea water. Presented at
Fourth Deep-Sea Symposium, December 1964. Tokyo, Japan.
47
Park, Kilho. Effects of dissolved gases and calcium carbonate dissolution on the electrical conductance of sea water. Presented at
Japanese Oceanographical Society, September 1964. Sapporo,
Japan.
Park, Kilho. Gas chromatographic determination of dissolved gases in
sea water. Presented at Japanese Oceanographical Society,
September 1964. Sapporo, Japan.
Pytkowicz, R. M. Preformed phosphate as a water mass indicator in
Antarctica. Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers,
February 1965. Corvallis.
Runge, E. J. Continental shelf sediments, Columbia River to Cape
Blanco, Oregon. Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers,
February 1965. Corvallis.
Small, L. F. and J. F. Hebard. Respiration of Euphausia pacifica
Hansen. Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers,
February 1965. Corvallis.
Stevenson, Merritt. Drogue measurements of ocean currents off the
Oregon coast. Presented at Pacific Northwest Oceanographers,
February 1965. Corvallis.
Trembly, L. D. , and J. W. Berg, Jr. Primary seismic waves near
the Hardhat, Shoal and Haymaker explosions. Presented at
Pacific Northwest Oceanographers, February 1965. Corvallis.
Weyl, Peter K. , and Merton Ingham. Vertical eddy diffusion. Presented
at Western National Meeting of the American Geophysical Union,
December 1964. Seattle, Washington.