r
TEXAS MIDDLE GULF COAST
FOREWORD
r
The enterprise budgets for Texas Middle Gulf
Coast Region are based on estimates of yields,
production input quantities, and production prac
tices which represent the best judgment of local
producers, county Extension agents-agriculture, fi
nancial institution representatives, farm machinery
dealers and others knowledgeable of the area. Vari
ation in yields, production inputs and production
practices should be expected for particular farms.
Budgets for all major crops produced in the
area are included for two levels of management,
when applicable. Crop yields are directly related
to levels of management. These differences are due
largely to timing of operational practices which
may not be evident in the budgets.
r
The machinery inventory is applicable to both
typical and high level management. In some bud
gets custom rates, primarily harvesting, were used
in lieu of the assumption that harvesting equip
ment was owned.
Budgets for establishing permanent type pasture
grasses were prepared and used for prorating estab
lishment costs in the respective pasture and hay
budgets. Forage crops include expenses only be
cause it is expected that the income will be derived
from livestock enterprises.
Land charges were based on the customary land
lord's crop share less his proportionate share of
certain production and harvesting inputs. A per
acre land charge was made when crop share was
not used.
B-1241 (C 22)
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE . THE TEXAS ASH UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
D a n i e l C . P f a n n s t i e l , D i r e c t o r . C o l l e g e S t a t i o n , Te x a s
TEXAS ENTERPRISE BUDGETS
TEXAS MIDDLE GULF COAST REGION
Projected for 1982
Educational programs conducted by the Texas Agricultural Extension Service
s e r v e p e o p l e o f a l l a g e s r e g a r d l e s s o f s o c i o - e c o n o m i c l e v e l , r a c e , c o l o r,
sex, religion or national origin.
Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, The Texas ASM
University System and the United States Department of Agriculture coopera
ting. Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8, 1914,
as amended, and June 30, 1914.
500
1-82,
New
ECO
7-2
1051
/
PROJECTIONS FOR PLANNING PURPOSES ONLY „-.
NOT TO BE USED WITHOUT UPDATING AFTER 02/18/82.
B-1241 (C22)
COTTON, DRYLAND, TEXAS MIDDLE GULF COAST REGION
1982 PROJECTED COSTS AND RETURNS PER ACRE
TYPICAL MANAGEMENT
-
CATEGORY
1- GROSS RECEIPTS
COTTON LINT
COTTONSEED
TOTAL PROJECTED RETURNS
2. VARIABLE COSTS
PREHARVEST COSTS
*SEED (UPLAND)
NITROGEN
PHOSPHATE
POTASH
♦BID3IN
♦GUTHION
*TOX-HETHYL
♦HERB, PREMERGE
♦HERB, POSTEMERGE
CUST AIR INSECT
FUEL S LUBE—TRACTOR
EQUIPMENT
R E PA I R S T R A C T O R
EQUIPMENT
LABOR MACHINERY
EQUIPMENT
OPERATING CAPITAL
SUBTOTAL. PREHARVEST
HARVEST COSTS
CUST HARV S HAUL
GIN, BAG, ETC
SUBTOTAL, HARVEST
TOTAL VARIABLE COSTS
PROJECTED
UNIT
YIELD
300.00
0.24
LB.
TON
PROJE 3 T E D
YOUR
V I I T T E E S T I M AT E
S/UITIT
0-57
100.00
$
171.00
24.00
T9b.0U $
INPUT USE
3 5 . 0 0 LB.
5 4 . 0 0 LB4 5.00
LB.
13.00
LB.
ACRE
2.00
ACRE
2.00
2 . 0 0 ACRE
1.00
ACRE
1.00
ACRE
3 . 0 0 . ACRE
ACRE
ACRE
ACRE
ACRE
2.64
HOUR
1 . 7 5 HOUR
3 6 . 3 0 DOL.
ACRE
3.00
0.60
CWT.
BALE
ACRE
0.49
0.27
0.23
0. 14
1.30
2. 12
5.72
7.80
7.50
2.20
5.06
4.50
0.160
13.00
50.62
ACRE
3RSAK-EVEN PRICE, VARIABLE COSTS $ 0.61/L3.
3 . I N C O M E A B O V E VA R I A B L E C O S T S A C R E
17.15
14.58
10-35
1.82
2.60
4.24
11 . 4 4
7.80
/-.DU
$
$
$
6.60
16.94
i.fe/
3.79
3.26
13.37 "'
7.87
5.81
v j y. ; y $
39.00
30-37
69.3/ *
208.16
$
COTTON LINT
$ -13.16 $
4. FIXED COSTS
DEPREC.,INTEREST,TAXES S INSUR,
TRACTOR
EQUIPMENT
LAND NET SHARE-RENT
TOTAL FIXED COSTS
5. TOTAL PROJECTED COSTS
BREAK-EVEN PRICE, TOTAL COSTS
6. NET PROJECTED RETURNS
ACRE
ACRE
ACRE
ACRE
23.83
11 . 4 7 "
29.90 '
•F577U $'
ACRE
$ 273.36 $.
COTTON LINT
$ -78.36 $
$ 0.83/LB.
ACRE
LAND RENT BASED ON LANDLORDS SHARE OF 1/4 GROSS INCOME LESS 1/4 OF
FERTILIZER, INSECTICIDE, AND GINNING. GOV'T PYMNT NOT INCLUDED.
INFORMATION PRESENTED IS PREPARED SOLELY AS A GENERAL GUIDE AND IS
NOT INTENDED TO RECOGNIZE OR PREDICT THE COSTS AND RETURNS FROM ANY
ONE PARTICULAR FARM OR RANCH OPERATION. THESE PROJECTIONS WERE
COLLECTED AND DEVELOPED BY STAFF MEMBERS OF THE TEXAS AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION SERVICE AND APPROVED FOR PUBLICATION.
r
PROJECTIONS FOR PLANNING PURPOSES ONLY
NOT TO BE USED WITHOUT UPDATING AFTER 02/18/82.
1051
B-124 1 (C2 2)
COTTON, DRYLAND, TEXAS MIDDLE GULF COAST REGION
1982 PROJECTED COSTS AND RETURNS PER ACRE
TYPICAL MANAGEMENT
MACHINERY
OPERATION
ROLLING CULT
BEDDER
ROLLING CULT
BEDDER
SPRAY RIG
SPRAYER (HERB)
ROLLING CULT
PLANTER 4R
CULTIVATOR 6R
SPRAYER (HERB)
CULTIVATOR 6R
SPRAYER (HERB)
CULTIVATOR 6R
SPRAYER (HERB)
SHREDDER 4R
D I S K TA N D E M
BEDDER
MACH
LABOR
T I M E S LA3CR MACHINE OPER
I T E M OPER
COSTS COSTS
HOURS
HOURS
NO. MONTH OVER
2,58
2,59
2,58
2,59
2,45
64
2,58
2,55
2,60
64
2,60
64
2,60
64
2,91
34
2,59
SEPT
OCT
NOV
DEC
DEC
DEC
MAR
APR
APR
APR
MAY
MAY
JUNE
JUNE
AUG
AUG
AUG
TOTALS
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0-191
0.340
0.191
0.340
0.226
0.0
0.191
0.142
0.157
0.0
0.157
0.0
0.157
0.0
0.2C8
0.0
0.340
0.145
0.258
0- 145
0.258
0. 172
0.143
0. 145
0-107
0 . 11 9
0. 143
0- 119
0.143
0. 119
0.143
0.158
0- 146
0.258
1.72
2.92
1.72
2.92
1-88
0.03
1.72
1.36
1.38
0.03
1.38
0.03
1.38
0.03
1.87
0.20
2.92
0.97
1.72
0.97
1.72
1- 15
0.0
0-97
0-72
0.80
0.0
0.80
0.0
0.80
0.0
1.05
0.0
1.72
2.642
2-720
23.48
13.37
APPL. MACH
INPUT FIXED
COSTS COSTS
TOTAL
OPER.
COST
0.0
0.0
0.0
0-0
0-0
7.80
0.0
17.15
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.15
0.0
2.77
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.97
8.01
4.97
8.01
5.59
7.98
4.97
21.34
3.98
0. 18
3-98
8.33
3.98
2.95
5.49
0.93
8.01
2.28
3.37
2.28
3.37
2.56
0.15
2.28
2. 11
1.81
0.15
1.81
0.15
1.81
0-15
2.58
0.73
3,37
35.87 30.95 103.66
RESIDUAL RETURNS AT ALTERNATIVE YIELDS AND PRICES
ADJUSTED FOR YIELD-RELATED COSTS AND CHANGES IU SHARE-RENT
INCOME ABOVE VARIABLE COSTS LESS SHARE-RENT
PRICE OF COTTON LINT
(DOLLARS)
0.46
0.51
0-57
0.63
0.68
-80.48
-70-22
-59.96
-49.70
-39.44 |
270.00 \
-74.59
-63-05
-51.51
-39-97
-28.42 J
300.00 |
-68-71
-55-89
-43.06
-30.24
-17.41 I
-62.83
-48.72
-34.61
-20.51
-6.40 l
-56-95
-41.56
-26. 17
-10.78
4.61 \
LB.
240.00
QUANTITY OF
COTTON LINT
330.00
360.00 |
NOTE: NEGATIVE RETURNS OVER VARIABLE COSTS MAY BE AVOIDABLE
VIA CROP ABANDONMENT, GRAZE-OUT, OR OTHER MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
-1
1052
PBOJECTIONS FOR PLANNING PURPOSES Q8LY
NOT TO BE USED WITHOUT UPDATING AFTER 02/18/82.
B-1241 (C22)
COTTON, DRYLAND, TEXAS HIDDLE GULF COAST REGION
1982 PROJECTED COSTS AND RETORNS PER ACRE
HIGH LEVEL MANAGEMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
C AT E G O RY
PROJECTED
YIELD
GROSS RECEIPTS
COTTON
LIHT
400.00
COTTONSEED
0.32
TOTAL PROJECTED RETURNS
VA R I A B L E C O S T S I H P O T U S E
PBEHABVEST COSTS
♦SEED
(UPLAND)
35.00
NITROGEN
54.00
P H O S P H AT E
45-00
P O TA S H
13.00
♦BIDHIN
2.00
♦GUTHION
2.00
♦TOX-METHYL
2.00
♦HERB,
PREHSBGB
1.00
♦HERB, POSTEHEHGE 1.00
CUST
AIR
INSECT
7.00.
FOEL 5 LOBE—TRACTOR
EQOIPHENT
REP AIRS TB ACTO R
EQOIPHEHT
LABOR
HACHINERY
2.64
EQUIPMENT 1.75
O P E R AT I N G C A P I TA L 2 7 . 1 2
SUBTOTAL, PBEBABVEST
HARVEST COSTS
COST HABV S HAOL 4-00
GINBAG.
ETC
0.80
SOBTOTAL, HABVBST
TOTAL VARIABLE COSTS
BREAK-EVEH PRICE, VAHIABLE COSTS
INCOHE ABOVE VABIABLE COSTS
FIXED COSTS
DEPREC.IMTEHHSTrTAXBS C IHSOH.
THACTOR
EQOIPHEHT
LAND NET SHABE-BENT
TOTAL FIXBD COSTS
TOTAL PROJECTED COSTS
BREAK-EVEN PHICE, TOTAL COSTS
HET PBOJECTED BETOBHS
UNIT
LBTON
PROJECTED
5 / U N I T VA L U E
0.57 228.00
100.00 32.00
YOUR
ESTIMATE
$ 260-OU $
LB.
0.49 17.15
LB.
0-27 14.58
LB.
0.23 10.35
LB.
0.14
1.82
ACRE
1.30
2.60
ACRE
2.12
4-24
ACRE
5 . 7 2 11 . 4 4
ACRE
7.80
7.80
ACRE
7.50
7.50
ACRE
2.20 15.40
ACRE
5.42
ACBE
3.67
ACHE
0.87
ACRE
3.26
HOOR
5.06 13.37
HOOB
4.50
7.87
DOL.
0.160
4.34
ACHE
$ I J T. b a $
C i T.
13.00 52.00
BALE
50.62 40.50
ACBE
$ 92.bU $
ACHE
$ 224.18 %
$ 0 - 48/LB. COTTON LIBFT
ACBE
$ 35-82 s
ACHE
ACHE
ACRE
ACRE
16.51
11.47
39.77
S b/. /b S
ACBE
$ 291.93 $
$
0 . 65/LB-
ACBE
COTTON LIHT
$ -31.93 $
LAHD BENT BASED OH LAHDLORDS SHARE OE 1/4 GROSS IHCOHE LESS 1/4 OP
FERTILIZER, INSECTICIDE, AND GIHNIHG. GOV'T PYHNT HOT INCLUDED.
PREPARED BY DH. AOTHOB GEBLOi, TAEX, BRYAH, TEXAS PROJECTED 1978
IHFOHHATION PBBSEHTED IS PREPARED SOLELY AS A GENERAL GOIDB AHD IS
HOT IHTEHDED TO RECOGNIZE OR PREDICT THE COSTS AHD RETURNS FHOH ANY
OSE PARTICULAR FAHH OR BAHCH OPERATION. THESE PROJECTIONS WERE
COLLECTED AND DEVELOPED BY STAFE MEMBERS OF THE TEXAS AGRICOLTOHAL
EXTEHSIOH SERVICE AHD APPROVED FOR PUBLICATION-
PROJECTIONS FOR PLANNING PURPOSES ONLY
SOT TO BE USED WITHOUT UPDATING AFTER 02/18/82.
1052
B-1241 (C22)
COTTOH, DRYLAND, TEXAS HIDDLE GULF COAST REGION
1982 PROJECTED COSTS AND RETURNS PER ACRE
HIGH LEVEL MANAGEMENT
HACHINERY
OPERATION
ROLLING CULT
BEDDER
ROLLING CULT
BEDDER
SPRAY RIG
SPRAYER (HERB)
ROLLING CULT
PLAHTEB 4R
COLTIVATOR 6R
SPRAYER (HERB)
CULTIVATOR 6H
SPRAYEH (HERB)
COLTIVATOR 6B
SPRAYER (HESB)
SHREDDER 4B
DISK TANDEH
BEDDER
MACH
ITEH OPER TIMES LABOR MACHINE OPER LABOR
NO. HONTH OVEB HOURS HOOHS COSTS COSTS
5,58
5,59
5,58
5,59
5,45
64
5,58
5,55
5,60
64
5,60
64
5,60
64
5,91
34
5.59
SEPT
OCT
NOV
DEC
DEC
DEC
HAH
APB
APR
APB
HAY
MAY
JUNE
JO HE
AOG
AUG
AOG
TOTALS
1-00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.191
0.340
0.191
0.340
0.226
0.0
0-191
0.142
0.157
0.0
0-157
0.0
0-157
0-0
0.208
0.0
0-340
0.145
0-258
0.145
0-258
0-172
0.143
0.145
0.107
0.119
0.143
0.119
0.143
0.119
0.143
0.158
0.146
0.258
0-67
1.06
0.67
1.06
0.65
0.03
0-67
0.59
0-52
0-03
0-52
0.03
0.52
0-03
0.73
0.20
1-06
0.97
1.72
0.97
1.72
1.15
O-O
0.97
0-72
0-80
0-0
0.80
0.0
0.80
0.0
1.05
0.0
1.72
2-642
2-720
9.03 13.37
APPL. HACH
INPUT FIXED
COSTS COSTS
TOTAL
OPEB.
COST
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.80
0-0
17-15
0-0
1.30
0-0
8.15
0.0
2.77
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.75
2.42
1.75
2.42
1.93
0.15
1.75
1.72
1.37
0.15
1.37
0.15
1-37
0.15
2-00
0.73
2-42
3-39
5.21
3.39
5.21
3.73
7.98
3.39
20.17
2.68
1.48
2.68
8.33
2.68
2.95
3.78
0.93
5.21
3 7 . 1 7 23.63
83-20
RESIDUAL RETOHHS AT ALTERNATIVE YIELDS AND PRICES
ADJUSTED FOR YIELD-RELATED COSTS AHD CHANGES IN SHABE-HENT
INCOME ABOVE VARIABLE COSTS LESS SHABE-REHT
PRICE OF COTTOH LIHT
(DOLLARS)
0.46
0.51
0.57
0.63
-53.83
-40.15
-26.47
-12.79
-45.99
-30.60
-15.21
0.18
-38.14
-21-04
-3-94
13.16
-30-30
- 11 - 4 9
7.32
26.13
-22.46
-1.94
18.58
39.10
0.68
LB.
QUANTITY OF
COTTOH LINT
320.00 I
1
360.00 I
1
400.00 1
1
440.00 1
1
480-00 1
0.89 J
1
15.57 |
!
30.26 |
I
44.94 |
!
59.62 1
H0TE2 NEGATIVE RETOHHS OVER VARIABLE COSTS HAY BE AVOIDABLE ^
VIA CHOP ABANDONMENT, GRAZE-OUT, OH OTHEB HANAGEMENT
STBATEGIES.
1053
PROJECTIONS FOR PLANNING PURPOSES ONLY
NOT TO BE USED WITHOUT UPDATING AFTEH 02/18/82.
B-1241 (C22)
GBAIH SORGHUH, DRYLAND, TEXAS MIDDLE GULF COAST REGIOH
1982 PBOJECTED COSTS AND RETUBNS PER ACRE
TYPICAL HANAGEHEHT
PHOJECTED
UNIT
YIELD
CATEGORY •
1. GROSS RECEIPTS
GRAIN SORGHUH
TOTAL PROJECTED RETOHHS
2. VARIABLE COSTS
PBEHABVEST COSTS
*GRAIN SOBG- SEED
HITROGEH
PHOSPHATE
WAHHATE
HERBICIDE
COST AIH IHSECT.
FUEL & LOBE—TBACTOB
EQOIPHEHT
B E PA I B S T B A C T O B
EQOIPHENT
LABOR HACHIHEBY
EQOIPHEHT
OPEBATIHG CAPITAL
SOBTOTAL, PBEHABVEST
HARVEST COSTS
COHBIHE & HAOL
DRYIHG
SOBTOTAL, HARVEST
CWT.
30.00
YOUB
ESTIMATE
PROJECTED
VALUE
$/ONIT
4.75
$
142.50
142.50 $
INPOT OSE
9.00
85.00
25.00
0.25
1.00
0.25
3.26
1.82
23.69
30.00
30.00
LB.
LB.
LB.
ACRE
ACBE
ACBE
ACBE
ACHE
ACBE
ACBE
HOOB
HOOB
DOL.
ACBE
0.72
0.27
0.23
13.24
6.35
3.10
6.48
22.95
• 5.75
3.31
6.35
0.78
12.38
3-82
1.88
3.00
16-51
5.06
8.19
4.50
3.79
0.160
$
95.18 $
CWT.
CWT.
ACRE
0.75
0.30
ACBE
TOTAL VABIABLE COSTS
$
22.50
9.00
31.-50 $
S
126.68 $
BBEAK-EVEH PRICE, VAHIABLE COSTS $ 4.22/CWT. GHAIH SOBGHUH
3.
IHCOHE
ABOVE
VA B I A B L E
4. FIXED COSTS
DEPREC.,INTEREST,TAXES S IHSOH.
TRACTOR
EQOIPHEHT
LAND NET SHAHE-BEHT
TOTAL FIXED COSTS
5. TOTAL PBOJECTED COSTS
BREAK-EVEH PRICE, TOTAL COSTS
6- HET PROJECTED BETOBHS
COSTS
ACBE
15.82
$.
ACBE
ACBE
ACRE
ACHE
$
31.78
10.10
33.24
75.12 $
ACBE
$
201.80 $
$ 6.73/CWT- GHAIH SORGHUH
ACRE
$
-59.30
$
LAND REHT BASED OH LAHDLOHDS SHARE OF 33 PERCEHT OF GBOSS INCOME LESS
33 PEBCEHT OF FEHT, IHSECT AND DRYING. GOV'T PYflHT HOT IHCLODED.
INFORMATION PRESEHTED IS PREPARED SOLELY AS A GENERAL GUIDE AHD IS
NOT IHTENDED TO RECOGHIZE OR PREDICT THE COSTS AHD BETUHHS FBOH AHY
ONE PARTICULAR FARH OH HAHCH OPEBATION. THESE PROJECTIONS WERE
COLLECTED AND DEVELOPED BY STAFF MEMBERS OF THE TEXAS AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSIOH SERVICE AND APPROVED FOR PUBLICATIOH.
PROJECTIONS FOB PLANNING PUBPOSES ONLY
NOT TO BE USED WITHOUT UPDATING AFTER 02/18/82.
1053
B-1241 (C22)
GRAIH SORGHUH, DRYLAND, TEXAS MIDDLE GULF COAST REGION
1982 PROJECTED COSTS AND RETURNS PER ACBE
TYPICAL MANAGEMENT
MACHINERY
OPERATION
SHREDDER 4R
DISK TANDEH
BEDDER
DISK TANDEM
BEDDER
FIELD COLTIVATOR
BEDDER
BEDDER
SPIKE T HARROW
BED PLANTER
CULTIPACKER
COLTIVATOR 4H
BED PLAHTEB
COLTIPACKER
CULTIVATOR 4B
COLTIVATOH 4R
MACH
ITEH OPER TIMES LABOR MACHINE OPER LABOR
HOORS COSTS COSTS
HO. HONTH OVER HOORS
4,91
3.35
4,59
3,35
4,59
3,67
4,59
4,59
5,33
4,43
5,87
4,57
4,43
5,87
4,57
4,57
SEPT
SEPT
SEPT
NOV
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
HAB
HAB
HAB
HAB
APR
APB
APB
HAY
TOTALS
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.25
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.75
0.75
1.00
0.25
0.25
1.00
1.00
0.208
0.150
0-340
0.038
0-340
0.153
0-340
0.340
0.183
0.290
0 . 11 5
0.209
0.097
0-038
0-2 09
0.209
0.158
0 . 11 4
0.258
0.028
0.258
0 . 11 6
0.258
0.258
0.139
0.220
0-087
0.159
0.073
0.029
0.159
0.159
3-262
2.471
1-15
1.23
1.74
0.31
1.74
1.03
1.74
1.74
0.46
1.57
0.29
1.03
0.52
0.10
1.03
1.03
1.05
0-76
1.72
0.19
1-72
0.77
1.72
1.72
0.93
1.47
0.58
1.06
0.49
0.19
1.06
1.06
16.73 16.51
APPL. MACH
INPUT F I X E D
COSTS COSTS
TOTAL
OPER.
COST
2.83
2.47
3.78
0.62
3.78
1.74
3-78
3-78
1-27
3.62
0.83
2.45
1.21
0-28
2-45
2.45
5.03
4.46
7.25
1 . 11
7.25
3.54
7.25
7-25
2.66
13.15
1-71
4.54
2-22
0.57
4.54
4.54
6.48 37.35
77.07
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0-0
0-0
6.48
0.0
0.0
0-0
0.0
0.0
0.0
RESIDUAL RETURNS AT ALTERNATIVE YIELDS AND PRICES
ADJUSTED FOR YIELD-RELATED COSTS AND CHANGES IN SHAHE-HENT
INCOME ABOVE VARIABLE COSTS LESS SHARE-RENT
PHICE OF GHAIH SORGHUH
(DOLLARS)
3.80
4.27
4.75
5-22
5.70
-46.08
-38.44
-30-81
-23-17
-41.30
-32.70
- 2 4 . 11
-15.52
-36-51
-26.97
-17.42
-7.87
-15-53 I
!
-6.93 |
I
1.68 |
-31.73
-21.23
-10.72
-0.22
I
10.28 1
-26.94
-15.49
-4.03
7-43
I
13.89 I
CWT.
1
24.00 I
I
27.00 I
QUANTITY OF
GRAIN SORGHUH
I
30-00 J
I
33-00 J
I
36-00 I
NOTE: NEGATIVE RETUHNS OVER VAHIABLE COSTS HAY BE AVOIDABLE
VIA CROP ABANDONHENT, GRAZE-OUT, OB OTHEB HAHAGEHEHT
STBATEGIES.