李海鹏
罗格斯大学图书馆
美国，新泽西州
2009年11月6日
中国，南宁
领导作用
•
Leadership
概论 Overview
• 领导理论 Leadership theories
• 天生之才 Born
• 后学为主 Learned
• 二者兼并Combination of both
• 多个定义 Many definitions
• 文化背景 Cultural implications
• 例：枪打出头鸟
• 例：叫轮获滑油
Squeaky wheel gets the grease
领导神秘化 Myth

管理与领导：相同还是不同？
Management and Leadership – same or different?

误解 - 一个机构，一个领导
Misconception – one leader in an organization

领导的复杂性 – 可信度？
Complexities of a leader – trustworthy?

领导通用化
Leadership is transferable
管理与领导的不同 Differences between
Management and Leaderhsip
经理
Manager
领导
Leader
管理
Administers
激励
Motivates
复制
Copy
独创
Original
重点：结构 Focus on structure
重点： 在人 On people
依靠控制
Relies on control
引发信任
短期计划
Short range view
长期规划 Long range perspective
Inspires trust
怎样？何时？Asks how and when
什么，为何？ Asks what and why
接受
挑战
Accepts
做好事情
Does things right
Warren Bennis, On Becoming a Leader, 1989.
Challenges
作对事情 Does the right thing
领导特点 Leadership Characteristics

主要特点 Major characteristics
○ 交流方式；Communication style
○ 积极态度；Being positive
○ 促进变化；Embracing change
○ 自我了解；Self-awareness
○ 顾客至上；Customer focus
○ 远见卓识；Vision for the future
图书馆领导作用 Library Leadership

社会变化 Social changes
 各级政府规定的变化 Change in government
mandate at all levels
 对信息需求的增加
More demand for information
 社会人口的变化
Population change
图书馆领导作用 Library Leadership
 各级政府规定的变化 Change in government
mandate at all levels
○ 联邦政府 Federal government
○ 州级政府
○ 县级政府
○ 市级政府
○ 其他政府
State government
County government
City Government
Other local governments
图书馆领导作用 Library Leadership

对信息需求的增加
Greater demand for information

政府部门 Governments


各级政府 Various levels
各行各业 Various industries

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商业 Business
教育 Education
社会工作 Social work
其它 Many others
图书馆领导作用 Library Leadership
社会人口的变化 Population change
 人口的增长 Population Increase

○ 2008 -- 304,059,724
○ 2000 -- 281,421,906
○ 1990 -- 248,709,873
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2008 Population Estimates, Census 2000, 1990
Census
 人口多元化 Diversity in Population
人口多元化 Diversity in Population
种族 Race/Ethnicity
2000 年
%
总人口 Total
281,421,906
100
白人 White
211,460,626
75.1
黑人 Black
34,658,190
12.3
印第安人Am. Indian
2,475,956
0.9
亚裔人 Asian
10,242,998
3.6
西班牙后裔Hispanic
35,305,818
12.5
人口多元化 Diversity in Population
种族 Race/Ethnicity
2007 est. 预算
%
总人口 Total
298,757,310
100
白人 White
221,457,175
74.1
黑人 Black
36,969,063
12.4
印第安人Am. Indian
2,374,222
0.8
亚裔人 Asian
12,951,215
4.3
西班牙后裔Hispanic
44,019,880
14.7
图书馆领导作用 Library Leadership

图书馆的变化 Changes in libraries
 技术变化
 信息变化
 服务对象
Technology
Information change
Population served
图书馆领导作用 Library Leadership

图书馆的变化 Changes in libraries
 技术变化
Technology
○ 图书馆技术
Library technology
○ 网上互动 Web 2.0
○ 社会联网 Social networking
图书馆领导作用 Library Leadership

图书馆的变化 Changes in libraries
 信息变化 Information change
○ 信息组织与结构
Information structure & organization
○ 信息形式：检索工具，全文资料
Format: Indexes & Databases, Full text
○ Google
 对图书馆的影响 Impact on Libraries
图书馆领导作用 Library Leadership

图书馆的变化 Changes in libraries
 服务对象 Population served
○ 以读者为中心 User centered
○ 了解读者 Understanding users – Diversity
○ 与社区合作 Collaborating with communities
图书馆领导特点 Library Leadership Characteristics
气节
Integrity
企业管理经验
Business exp.
远见
Vision
领导
Leader
客户为中心
Customer Focus
沟通
Communication
公共关系
Public Relations
图书馆领导特点 Library Leadership Characteristics

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气节 Integrity
 至关重要 Most highly valued in public library directors
 行为准则 Leadership performance standard
远见 Vision
 长期，短期规划 Long term & Short Term Planning
 注重实施 Implementation
沟通 Communication
 对内 Internal
 对外 External
图书馆领导特点 Library Leadership Characteristics



公共关系 Public Relations
 集资 Fund-raising
 营销 Marketing
客户为中心 Customer focus
 质量 Quality service
 培训 Professional development/training
企业管理经验 Business experience
 效益 Effective performance
 评估Assessment/evaluation
领导作用 Library Leadership

公共图书馆领导人员 Public Library Leaders
 董事会 Boards
 对外宣传 Marketing
 筹款募捐 Fund-raising
 人员配置 Staffing
领导作用 Leadership

公共图书馆领导人员 Public Library Leaders
 董事会 Boards
○ 平均为10-20 人
10-20 members
○ 多元化：观点与种族
Diversity: viewpoints and background
 对外宣传 Marketing
○ 具体方案 Detailed plan
○ 读者 To patrons/users
○ 馆友会 To friends associations
领导作用 Leadership

公共图书馆领导人员 Public Library Leaders

筹款募捐 Fund-raising
○ 公司基金会 Corporate
○ 个人 Individual
○ 政府 Government
 人员配置 Staffing
○ 各级人员 Various levels
○ 专业特长 Expertise
○ 人员培训 Training/professional development
挑战与机遇 Challenges & Opportunities

经济状况 Economic climate
 经费危机与资金创新
Budget crisis vs. creative funding
 经费削减与资源最大使用化
Limited budget vs. resource maximization

科学技术 Technology
 迅猛发展与技术选择
Rapid development vs. technological options
 信息爆炸与增设服务
Information explosion vs. creation of services
挑战与机遇 Challenges & Opportunities

多元人口/观点 Diversity of people/views
 冲突危险与扩大视野
Conflict risk vs. broadened perspective
 否定态度与尊重个人
Negative attitudes vs. respect for individual
 种族歧视与增大生产
Discrimination vs. increased productivity

机构变化 Organizational Change
 裁员与重调 Downsizing vs. restructuring
 被动与向上 Passiveness vs. positivity
 人人带头 Everyone being a leader
References
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Arthur P. Young, Ronald R. Powell, and Peter Hernon. "Attributes for the Next
Generation of Library Directors," in Learning to Make a Difference: Proceedings of
the ACRL, 11th National Conference, ed. Hugh Thompson (Chicago: ACRL, 2003):
p. 67-74.
Donald Riggs. “The Crisis and Opportunities in Library Leadership.” Journal of
Library Administration. Vol. 32, No. 3/4, 2001, p. 5-17.
Jennifer Arns. “Challenges in Governance: The Leadership Characteristics and
Behaviors Valued by Public Library Trustees in Times of Conflict and Contention.”
Library Quarterly. Vol. 77, No. 3, 2007, p.287–310.
U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2005-2007 population website at
http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation.
Warren Bennis, On Becoming a Leader, 1989.
William Fisher and Lisa Rosenblum. “Now What Do I Do? Some Reflections on
Becoming a First-Time Public Library Director.” Library Administration &
Management . Vol. 22 No. 1, Winter 2008, p. 15-23.
Gary Fitsimmons. “The foundational standard: integrity.” The Bottom Line:
Managing Library Finances. Vol. 21:1, 2008, p. 24-26.
谢谢！
Thank You!