United Artists v. Township of Warrington,
316 F.3d 392 (3d Cir. 2003), p. 311
The Civil Rights Act
• Race and ransom
• Substantive due process
• Proof
• Abstention
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
The Takings Clause:
The Fifth Amendment
No person shall . . . be deprived of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken
for public use, without just compensation.
• Regulation as Taking
• Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon
• Balancing
• Penn Central Transp. Co. v. City of
New York
• Economic Use
• Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal
Council
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
1
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon,
260 U.S. 393 (1922), p. 325
Regulation as Taking
• Limitations and limitations on
limitations
• Too far
• Average reciprocity of advantage
• Relative values
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
Penn Central Transp. Co. v.
City of New York,
438 U.S. 104 (1978), p. 333
Balancing
• Facial v. as-applied challenge
• 3 factors
• Conceptual severance/
denominator problem
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
2
Grand Central Station
NYC
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council,
505 U.S. 1003 (1992), p. 343
Early Principles
• “harmful and noxious uses”
• “harm-preventing” v. “benefitconferring ”
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
3
Lucas Cont’d
Modern Principles
• “[L]and use regulation does not effect
a taking if it ‘substantially advance[s]
legitimate state interests.’” See Lingle
v. Chevron (regulatory takings)
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
Lucas Cont’d
Modern Principles Cont’d
• Compensation is required—
• when government action deprives
the property owner of “all
economically beneficial use” of the
property
• if it goes beyond what the relevant
background principles of state
nuisance and property law would
dictate.
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
4
Lucas Cont’d
Modern Principles Cont’d
• Law must “do no more than duplicate
the result” that could have been
achieved in the courts.
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
Lucas Cont’d
Dissents
• Blackmun
• Stevens
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
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Lucas’s Property
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
One New House by 2000
5000 sq. ft.
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
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Categorical or Per Se Rules (almost)
• Physical invasion by government or
authorized by government = taking.
•
Loretto
• Regulating a nuisance ≠ taking.
•
Keystone & Hadacheck
• When the value of the land is
essentially wiped out = taking
(unless . . .).
• Lucas
U N I V E R S I T Y of H O U S T O N
Professor Marcilynn A. Burke
Copyright©2014 Marcilynn A. Burke
All rights reserved. Provided for student use only.
7