HMSC
GC
856
.07
no.162
cop. 2
;e of
Jceanic and Atmospheric
Sciences
Coastal
Jet
Separa-
tion
SeaSoar and CTD Observations
During Coastal Jet Separation
Cruise W9408A
August to September 1994
by
J. A. Barth, R. O'Malley, J. Fleischbein,
R. L. Smith and A. Huyer
College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331-5503
Date Report 162
MARILYN POTTS GUIN LIBRARY
HATFIELD MARINE
SCIENCE CENTER
OREGON STATE UNI' ERSiTY
NEFORT, OREGON
Reference 96-1
November 1996
SeaSoar and CTD Observations During Coastal Jet Separation
Cruise W9408A August to September 1994
J. A. Barth, R. O'Malley, J. Fleischbein, R. L. Smith and A. Huyer
College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331-5503
Date Report 162
Reference 96-1
November 1996
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State University
Table of Contents
Introduction
1
CTD Data Acquisition, Calibration and Data Processing
11
SeaSoar Data Acquisition and Preliminary Processing
13
SeaSoar Conductivity Calibration
14
Post-Processing of SeaSoar Data
18
Data Presentation
24
Acknowledgements
35
References
35
CTD Data
37
Maps of Temperature, Salinity, at and Dynamic Topography
75
Vertical Sections of Temperature, Salinity and at
129
Summary Temperature- Salinity Diagrams
299
Appendix: Time Series of Maximum T/C Correlations and Lags
303
SeaSoar and CTD Observations During Coastal Jet Separation Cruise
W9408A August to September 1994
Introduction
This report summarizes the SeaSoar and CTD observations from R/V Wecoma cruise
W9408A (23 August to 2 September 1994) conducted as part of the Coastal Jet Separation
(CJS) experiment, under funding from the National Science Foundation. The goal of this
study is to establish how and why a strong alongshore coastal upwelling jet turns offshore
in the vicinity of a coastal promontory, crosses the steep topography of the continental
margin and becomes an oceanic jet. Unique aspects of the sampling discussed in this report
are: the first use of the OSU SeaSoar vehicles over shallow topography by towing them
on a bare cable (without fairing); the first use of dual Sea-Bird CTD sensors where one of
the conductivity-temperature sensor pairs is mounted pointing forward through the SeaSoar
nose; and post-processing of the SeaSoar conductivity-temperature data using an optimal
thermal mass correction, while allowing the time constant to be weakly proportional to the
observed lag between temperature and conductivity.
Participants on the cruise are listed in Table 1. Major activities during the cruise are
summarized in Table 2. The ship's track during each of the SeaSoar tows is shown in
Figure 1. SeaSoar Tows 1 and 2, offshore of the continental shelf break in water deeper than
200 m, were carried out to test the ability to fly SeaSoar on a bare cable from a trawl winch.
Tow 3 was designed to sample the separating coastal upwelling jet and the tow legs were
positioned by using satellite sea surface temperature maps available before sailing. Tow 4
was conducted with SeaSoar towed on a long, faired cable and was intended to sample the
deep structure of the separating jet and to cross it roughly orthogonally in order to make
transport estimates. Tows 5 and 6 were again conducted with SeaSoar towed on a bare cable
with the inshore part of each leg over shallow bottom topography.
In addition to the SeaSoar and CTD results presented here, velocity measurements were
made using a shipborne Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler and are reported in Pierce et
al. (1996). Three satellite-tracked surface drifters of the WOCE holey-sock design, drogued
at 15 in, were released during the SeaSoar mapping (Barth and Smith, 1996). Lex van
Geen (LDEO) joined the cruise to collect discrete water samples, from surface waters while
underway and from deeper in the water column using CTD/rosette casts, for the analysis of
cadmium, phosphate and silicate.
To accomplish the goals of the CJS project, SeaSoar needed to be towed over the mid- and
outer continental shelf in water as shallow as 50 m. In these conditions, towing SeaSoar on a
1
Table 1: W9408A cruise participants with their institution and primary responsibility.
Jack Barth
Robert Smith
Jane Huyer
Jane Fleischbein
Robert O'Malley
Steve Pierce
R. Kipp Shearman
Marc Willis
Mike Hill
Tim Holt
Alexander Van Geen
OSU
OSU
OSU
OSU
OSU
OSU
OSU
OSU
OSU
OSU
LDEO
Chief Scientist; SeaSoar
Co-Chief Scientist; SeaSoar
Co-Chief Scientist; SeaSoar
Technician; SeaSoar
Technician; SeaSoar
Technician; SeaSoar/ADCP
Graduate Student; SeaSoar
Marine Technician
Marine Technician
Marine Technician
Co-Chief Scientist, cadmium sampling
Table 2: Major activities during W9408A (all times UTC).
Start
Stop
8/23 1700
8/23 2000
8/23 2230
8/23 2349
8/24 0334
8/24 0400
8/24 1248
8/24 1730
8/25 0430
8/25 0443
8/27 1815
8/25 0853
8/25 0950
8/27 2202
8/29 0152
8/29 0445
8/29 1500
8/29 1638
9/01 0338
9/01 0400
9/01 1200
9/01 1226
9/02 0430
9/02 0430
9/02 1430
9/02 1530
Activity
Depart Newport
CTD on NH line (44° 39.1' N)
Tow SeaSoar on bare cable (Tow 1)
Tow SeaSoar on bare cable (Tow 2)
CTD on FM line (43° 13.0' N)
Tow SeaSoar on bare cable (Tow 3)
Deploy 3 surface drifters during Tow 3
Tow SeaSoar on faired cable (Tow 4)
CTD on CR line (41° 54.0' N)
Tow SeaSoar on bare cable (Tow 5)
CTD inshore
Tow SeaSoar on bare cable (Tow 6)
Transit to Newport
Docked at Newport
Duration Parameters
(hrs)
Measured*
9
p,tl,cl,t2,c2,tr,fl
p,tl,cl,t2,c2,tr,fl
62
p,tl,cl,t2,c2,tr,fl
28
p,tl,cl,t2,c2,tr,fl
59
p,tl,cl,t2,c2
16
p,tl,cl,t2,c2
4
* pressure (p), temperature (t), conductivity (c), transmission (tr), fluorescence (fl)
1 = primary sensor, 2 = secondary sensor
2
. Newport
Tow 1
2000 200
50
50
44
44
/t
z
0
z
a)
Tow 3
43
Cape Blanco
J
Cape Blanco
Tow 4
42
42
I
Newport
44
44
Tow 5
z
z
0
Tow 6
0
a)
43
J
Cape Blanco
42
42
11
-126
-125
Longitude (°W)
-124
-126
.1
-125
Longitude (°W)
-124
Figure 1: Ship's track during the SeaSoar tows of W9408A. Bottom topography in meters.
3
faired cable, as in all previous OSU SeaSoar projects, was deemed unsafe because the faired
cable cannot be brought in quickly as the ship enters shallow water. This is because careful
handling of the fairing is required as the cable spools on and off the dedicated winch. During
W9408A, we towed SeaSoar using 940 in (3000 feet) of unfaired ("bare") 5/16", 7-conductor
hydrographic cable using Wecoma's trawl winch with level wind and built-in tensiometer.
The amount of cable spooled out was adjusted to achieve varying maximum sampling depths
(Figure 2, top) and to follow the initial safety guideline that cable out be roughly equal to
water depth to avoid collision of the vehicle with the bottom in case of loss of ship's power.
As we gained experience flying SeaSoar in shallow water, this safety constraint was relaxed.
The maximum depth obtainable with the present SeaSoar vehicle configuration - standard
bomb weight mounted below and a 25-cm pathlength transmissometer mounted on top regardless of cable length, was approximately 125 m.
The overall response of the vehicle while towed on the bare cable was excellent, particularly
the rapid response to an up signal at the bottom of the trajectory, a desirable characteristic
for avoiding bottom obstacles. Cable tensions during bare-cable towing were always less
than 1000 kg. The bottom depth was measured using the ship's 12-kHz echosounder and
monitored visually from line scan recorder output. Cable length and SeaSoar flight controller
settings were adjusted to allow the vehicle to come no closer than 10-15 in of the bottom.
Using the ship's echosounder for bottom detection allows sufficient time for the SeaSoar
operator to command wings up in response to an oncoming bottom obstacle. For example,
this lead time is approximately 30 s using a cable length of 100 m sampling to a maximum
depth of 55 in, an echosounder located 20 in forward from the ship's stern, and a ship speed
of 4 in s-1 (8 knots).
The bare-cable profiling pattern (Figure 2, bottom) gave very high resolution in the horizontal ranging from 1/3 to 1 km through one full cycle - at the mid-depth of each profile
the horizontal resolution is half that, or 167-5fl in. While towing alongshore in shallow
water in regions of coastal upwelling and high uiological productivity and where property
gradients are mostly in the cross-shore direction (e.g., hours 5-6.5, Figure 2, bottom), we
found that operating the SeaSoar in a "pop-up" mode, where the entire water column is only
sampled occasionally with the remaining time being spent at depth, helped reduce biological
fouling of the sensors (see also the discussion on Post-Processing of SeaSoar Data below).
After turning cross-shore in shallow water where property gradients are strong cross-shore,
we again resumed high-spatial-resolution sampling.
After establishing our ability during Tows 1 and 2 to fly SeaSoar on a bare cable, we
conducted Tow 3 including cross-shore sections onto the mid-shelf and sampling offshore
4
L0
- 20
20
- 40
E
E
E 100
120 140
50
0
100
250
200
150
350
300
400
450
500
wire out (m)
0-120m,At=4 min, Ax=1 km @ 8kts
0-55 m, At = 1.5 min, Ax = 1/3 km @ 8 kts
0
E
it
E
50
IIIIIIIII
11
m
I
I
150-I
I
I
I
U
IIIIII W
I
W
I
II I I
I
pop-up mode
I
turn tc E
turn to N
turn to W
I
0
2
4
3
5
6
7
8
8 hours starting 8/29/94 2100
Figure 2: (top) Maximum depth obtained towing SeaSoar with a variable-length, bare 5/16"
hydrographic cable. The dashed line connects the origin to the first data point. (bottom) A
pressure trace showing the SeaSoar flight path over 8 hours during W9408A.
5
where the coastal upwelling jet was observed to separate from the coast. Tow 4 was conducted
by towing SeaSoar with a faired cable, as in previous OSU SeaSoar projects, in order to
sample the deep structure of the separating jet. Maximum depth obtainable with the faired
cable and SeaSoar loaded as in Tows 1-3 (standard bomb weight below, transmissometer on
top) was approximately 280 in and cable tensions remained less than 2000 kg. We returned
to bare-cable towing during Tows 5 and 6 to sample inshore to the mid-shelf; during these
tows the SeaSoar did not carry a fluorometer or a transmissometer.
A second novel aspect of the SeaSoar sampling carried out during W9408A, involved a new
placement of one of the Sea-Bird T/C sensor pairs in the SeaSoar nose. Previously, both T/C
sensor pair ducts had their inlet and outlet ports plumbed through the sides of the SeaSoar
nose (Huyer et al., 1993). In an effort to improve sensor performance, specifically to stabilize
the time-dependent lags between T and C measurements used in producing quality salinity
measurements (Huyer et al., 1993; and see Post-Processing of SeaSoar Data below), one
sensor pair was remounted pointing forward through a hole in the SeaSoar nose (Figure 3).
This eliminated the need for any additional plumbing on the Sea-Bird T/C duct and exposed
the conductivity cell to a better flushing with ambient seawater. This configuration was used
during SeaSoar Tows 5 and 6 and the results, detailed below, were excellent. While clogging
of the forward-pointing sensors was more frequent than with the sideways-plumbed sensors,
it only happened occasionally (quantified in Post-Processing of SeaSoar Data below) and
the duct usually cleared after one descending profile so that data from the forward-pointing
sensor pair was usable on the next uptrace. Through a combination of swapping in data
from the unclogged, sideways-plumbed sensors and by reducing clogging during shallow N-S
transects using a pop-up profiling mode (see above), high-quality CTD data were obtained
for all profiles during W9408A.
Conventional CTD casts were made along the Newport (NH), Five Mile Point (FM) and
Crescent City (CR) hydrographic lines, inshore near Coos Bay, and at the start or end of
many of the SeaSoar tows (Figure 4, Table 3). These casts were made using a SBE 9/11-plus
CTD equipped with dual temperature and conductivity sensors, a SeaTech fluorometer and a
25-cm pathlength SeaTech transmissometer. Water samples were collected at various depths
for CTD calibration and for chemical analysis by Lex van Geen (LDEO).
Winds were generally upwelling favorable during the cruise as measured from the ship
(Figure 5, top). Data from the underway 5-m T and C sensors was not recorded properly
in the Wecoma MIDAS system due to a programming error in storing the T and C values.
Independently of MIDAS, the Wecoma's realtime navigation and data display program saves
approximately 3 days of history data from the underway system. When it was realized that
6
j
•1
-
Figure 3: (top) Front view of SeaSoar equipped with dual Sea-Bird T/C sensors where one
pair points forward through an opening in SeaSoar's nose and a second pair is plumbed
through the starboard side of the nose. (bottom) View into detached SeaSoar nose showing
T/C sensor pairs.
7
NH line
l
2
1
Newport
200
2000
60
44
24 25 26
iS
2827
10 987654
'32
FM line
11,12
Coos Bay
31 2EJ
30
Cape Blanco
42
CR line
13
15 16
N
171819202122
`
23
Crescent City
14
`.
126
125
124
longitude (°W)
Figure 4: CTD station locations for W9408A.
8
Table 3: Summary of CTD stations during W9408A.
Station
Name
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Date
1994
Time
UTC
23 Aug 1935
NH-15 23 Aug 2109
NH-25 23 Aug 2238
FM-1
24 Aug 1728
FM-3
24 Aug 1829
FM-4 24 Aug 1931
FM-5 24 Aug 2036
FM-6 24 Aug 2130
FM-7 24 Aug 2231
FM-8 25 Aug 0005
FM-9 25 Aug 0149
FM-9 25 Aug 0347
post t3 27 Aug 1147
post t4 29 Aug 0210
CR-8
29 Aug 0453
CR-7 29 Aug 0641
CR-6 29 Aug 0844
CR-5 29 Aug 1017
CR-4 29 Aug 1138
CR-3
29 Aug 1257
CR-2
29 Aug 1354
CR-1
29 Aug 1444
pre t5 29 Aug 1604
post t5
1 Sep
0358
TM-2
1 Sep
0435
TM-1
1 Sep
0518
NH-5
Latitude Longitude
Wind
Dir(°T) Spd(kts)
Atm. P.
(mbar)
ON
°W
Cast
Depth(m)
44 39.1'
-124 10.6'
51
350
20
1019.1
44 39.1'
-124 24.9'
81
350
25
1019.1
44 39.1'
-125 38.9'
276
-
-
-
43 13.0'
-124 26.0'
30-
340
16
1020.5
43 12.9'
-124 30.1'
56
000
17
1021.2
43 13.0'
-124 35.1'
79
010
15
1021.5
43 13.0'
-124 40.1'
159
010
22
1021.2
43 13.0'
-124 45.1'
315
010
24
1020.9
43 13.0'
-124 50.0'
336
010
25
1019.8
43 13.0'
-125 00.1'
501
350
27
1020.8
43 13.0'
-125 10.0'
501
355
25
1020.1
43 12.9'
-125 10.0'
200
41 53.0'
-125 40.4'
502
345
7
1015.7
41 37.3'
-125 10.1'
1006
335
17
1020.4
41 54.0'
-125 09.9'
1006
340
20
1020.0
41 53.9'
-125 00.0'
811
345
21
1021.0
41 54.0'
-124 48.5'
690
350
25
1019.9
41 53.9'
-124 42.0'
651
350
25
1020.8
41 54.0'
502
345
24
1020.1
41 54.1'
-124 36.1'
-124 30.1'
130
020
13
1020.2
41 54.0'
-124 24.0'
61
015
6
1020.5
41 54.0'
-124 18.0'
35
020
5
1020.6
41 54.0'
-124 26.7'
85
355
18
1020.8
43 29.8'
-124 22.3'
92
010
7
1017.0
43 29.9'
-124 21.0'
90
010
12
1016.5
43 30.1'
-124 18.1'
55
360
10
1017.0
-
27
AR-1
1 Sep
0641
43 20.0'
-124 26.1'
51
065
6
1017.2
28
AR-2
FM-1
FM-3
1 Sep
0713
43 20.0'
-124 27.7'
73
-
6
1017.2
1 Sep
0822
43 13.0'
-124 26.4'
36
010
6
1017.5
1 Sep
0856
43 13.0'
-124 30.0'
50
000
7
1017.3
FM-4
post t6
1 Sep
0944
43 12.9'
-124 35.0'
76
000
10
1017.2
2 Sep
0442
43 14.2'
-125 09.8'
250
350
20
1017.2
29
30
31
32
9
239
240
241
Day of 1994
Figure 5: (top) Shipboard winds during W9408A and (bottom) 5-m temperature and salinity
from the flow-through system onboard Wecoma. Note that underway T and S data are only
available after day 242.375.
10
the MIDAS system was not recording T and C correctly, these history files were used to
recover 3 days of underway T and C data. When the underway 5-m conductivity signal
was compared with shallow SeaSoar values an offset in the measured conductivity (and
hence salinity), apparently due to a ground fault problem with the conductivity cell, was
discovered. The salinity and temperature of the 5-m underway data was corrected to match
the shallow (3.5-7.5 m depth) SeaSoar values for S and T. The SeaSoar T and C sensors
used the manufacturer's most recent calibration values and were calibrated with bottle salt
samples drawn from the 5-m flow-through system (see below). The final result is calibrated
5-m T and S data obtained from the underway flow-through system for day 242.375 through
245.578 (Figure 5, bottom).
CTD Data Acquisition, Calibration and Data Processing
All CTD/rosette casts were made with an SBE 9/11-plus CTD system equipped with dual
ducted temperature and conductivity sensors (Table 4). In addition to the CTD casts made
along transects, CTD casts were made to monitor the calibration of the SeaSoar CTD data.
These calibration casts were made immediately before and after most SeaSoar tows, with
as little delay as possible. A total of 32 CTD casts were made, with maximum sampling
depths ranging from 30 to 1006 m (Table 3). Raw 24 Hz CTD data were acquired on an
IBM-compatible PC using the SEASAVE module of SEASOFT version 4.009 (Anon., 1992);
temperature and conductivity data were recorded from both pumped sensor ducts.
At each station a few salinity samples were collected from Niskin bottles at two or more
depths for in situ calibration of the conductivity sensors; CTD values at the same depth
(calculated from the most recent manufacturer's pre-cruise calibration) were recorded both by
the PC and manually on the station log sheets. Samples were analysed on a Guildline Autosal
8400A Salinometer that was standardized with IAPSO Standard Water at the beginning and
end of each batch of 24 samples. Sample conductivities were calculated using the sample
salinity value with the CTD temperature and pressure values; a value of 42.914 mmho cm-1
for conductivity of standard seawater at 15°C (Culkin and Smith, 1980) was used to convert
the measured sample conductivity ratios to conductivity. Analysis of the sample and CTD
conductivity differences showed no conductivity corrections were needed for the primary
sensors (Table 5).
CTD data were processed on an IBM-compatible PC using applicable SEASOFT modules. Data from the primary sensors were used for final processing for all CTD stations. The
DATCNV module of SEASOFT was used with the pre-cruise calibration constants to calculate 24 Hz values of pressure, temperature and conductivity from the raw frequencies. When
11
Table 4: Instruments and sensors used during W9408A for CTD, SeaSoar and underway
salinity sampling, and date of most recent manufacturer's pre-cruise calibration.
System (Instrument)
Sensor
SN
Pre-Cruise
Calibration
P
50506
Ti
1371
T2
1367
Cl
830
C2
519
30 Nov 93
17 Feb 94
17 Feb 94
19 May 94
19 May 94
CTD/Rosette
(SBE 9/11 plus, SN 0258)
SeaSoar Tows 1, 2, 3, 4
(SBE 9/11 plus, SN 0256)
(port)
(starboard)
(port)
(starboard)
P
50130
Ti
1364
T2
1366
Cl
1021
C2
1070
TRANS
FL
33D
SeaSoar Tow 5, 6
(SBE 9/11 plus, SN 0256)
(forward)
(starboard)
(forward)
(starboard)
5-m Intake
Transducer Well
12
30 Nov 93
17 Feb 94
17 Feb 94
23 Nov 93
23 Nov 93
25 May 88
48
P
50130
Ti
1008
T2
997
C1
1018
C2
1054
30 Nov 93
17 Feb 94
3 Aug 94
3 Aug 94
3 Aug 94
T
854
17 Feb 94
C
497
May 94
T
1093
17 Feb 94
Table 5: Results of in situ calibration samples for CTD/Rosette sensor pair S1 for W9408A:
Number of samples (N), and the average and standard deviations of the conductivity and
salinity differences between the sample values and the corrected CTD data.
Average
Std. Dev.
Average Std. Dev.
Stations
N
Cl
C1
S1
Si
W9408A 1-32
62
0.001
0.005
0.001
0.005
necessary, the output data file was edited to remove any spikes and any values inadvertently
recorded before the pressure minimum at the beginning of the cast. The CELLTM module
was used to correct for the thermal mass of the conductivity cell, assumed to have a thermal
anomaly amplitude of 0.03 and a time constant of 9 seconds. Ascending portions of the
24-Hz data file were removed by LOOPEDIT with the minimum velocity set to 0.0 in s-1.
The remaining data were averaged to 1 db values using BINAVG. The final processed data
files consist of 1 db values of pressure, temperature and conductivity. These processed data
files were transferred to a SUN computer where we used standard algorithms (Fofonoff and
Millard, 1983) to calculate salinity, potential temperature, density anomaly (sigma-theta),
specific volume anomaly, and geopotential anomaly (dynamic height).
SeaSoar Data Acquisition and Preliminary Processing
The Chelsea Instruments SeaSoar vehicle was equipped with a SBE 9/11-plus CTD with
dual temperature and conductivity sensors (Table 4). For Tows 1-4, the inlets and outlets of
both dual T/C ducts were plumbed through the port (primary) and starboard (secondary)
sides of the SeaSoar nose as in previous OSU SeaSoar surveys (Huyer et al., 1993; Kosro et
al., 1995). For Tows 5-6 an alternative placement of the primary T/C duct inlet and outlet
was tried as previously described (see Figure 3). During Tows 1-4 the SeaSoar also carried
two additional instruments: a 25-cm pathlength SeaTech Transmissometer mounted on top
of the vehicle; and a SeaTech 300m Fluorometer mounted inside the vehicle, below the SBE
9/11-plus pressure case, with its sensing volume located directly behind a hole in the center
of the vehicle's nose (Figure 3, top).
Raw 24-Hz CTD data from the SeaSoar vehicle and GPS position and time data were acquired by an IBM-compatible PC. The acquisition software placed flags in the data stream to
mark the collection of hourly salinity samples from the flow-through system, to signal turns
13
between sampling lines and to indicate missing GPS data. The raw data were simultaneously
recorded on optical disk by PC and on a Sun SPARC workstation. The PC displayed time
series of subsampled temperature (both sensors), conductivity (both sensors) and pressure
in real time; it also displayed accumulated temperature data for many hours as a vertical
section (color raster). One-second averages of ship's position, CTD temperature (both sensors), conductivity (both sensors), salinity (both sensor pairs), and pressure were calculated
on the SPARC workstation, using the most recent manufacturer's calibration (Table 4). Preliminary salinity estimates for each sensor pair were calculated using a fixed offset between
temperature and salinity, and a fixed value, a = 0:045, for the amplitude and for the time
constant, r = 9, of the thermal mass of the conductivity cell. Time-series and vertical profile
plots of the one-second data were made at the end of each hour for science analysis and to
monitor data quality. The 1-Hz preliminary data were used to calculate 5-minute average
temperature and salinity values in 2 db vertical bins during shallow profiling on a bare cable
(Tows 1-3 and 5-6); 12-minute averages were calculated during deep profiling on a faired
cable (Tow 4). These gridded values were used for at-sea analysis of the three-dimensional
structure of the separating coastal upwelling jet.
SeaSoar Conductivity Calibration
Salinity samples were collected once per hour from a flow-through system in Wecoma's
wetlab from 0000 UTC, 24 August until 1400 UTC, 2 September 1994. This system pumps
water from the seachest at a depth of 5 in in the ship's hull, through a tank containing
SBE temperature and conductivity sensors; samples are drawn from a point just beyond
this tank. The 120 ml glass sample bottles were rinsed three times before filling, and closed
with screw-on plastic caps with conical polyethylene liners. Samples were further sealed by
wrapping parafilm around the base of the cap. Following the end of the cruise, samples were
analyzed in Corvallis on a Guildline Autosal salinometer. The salinometer was standardized
with IAPSO Standard Water at the beginning and end of each batch of about 24 samples.
Time series of these hourly salinity samples and time series of the preliminary SeaSoar data
from the 3-7 in depth range (Figure 6) show very similar variations.
For a quantitative comparison between the salinity samples and the SeaSoar data, we
selected SeaSoar values that were both within 7 minutes of the time of the salinity sample
and within a depth range of 3.0 to 7.9 in. For each salinity sample, we calculated a bottle
conductivity using the measured salinity and the temperature from each SeaSoar sensor
duct, and then compared this sample conductivity to the directly measured conductivity
from the same sensor duct; a few pairs with very large differences were eliminated from the
W.
14
I
W9408 Tow 1
Vc
33
I
CO
I
236
236.5
237
Julian Day
N
N
34
0
E
co 33.5
y
Vc
33
CO
N
32.5
236
236.5
237
Julian Day
Figure 6: Time series of hourly samples from the ship's 5-m intake (squares) and of preliminary estimates of near-surface (3.0-7.9 m) SeaSoar salinity (dots) from the preferred sensor
pair, for Tows 1-6 of W9408A.
15
m
34
E
u) 33.5
vm
33
c
W
32.5
0
0
32
U)
m
cn 31.5
nE
31
cO
240
240.5
Julian Day
241
34
(n
N
0.
E
cn 33.5
L
W9408 Tow 5
ca
33
Ca
C
c
E
, 32.5 C
Ca
I
32
0
U)
Q)
C/
31.5
E
F
r-
cb
31
241
0)
aE
CO
34
33.5
I.
T. .
I
I
I
I
I
242.5
243
Julian Day
243.5
244
244.5
I
241.5
242
.
I
245
r
W9408 Tow 6
ca
ca
0
33
CO
j, 32.5 32
31.5
31
244
244.5
245
Julian Day
Figure 6: (continued)
16
245.5
comparison. Assuming, as usual, that the measured conductivity should be corrected by a
multiplier alone, we calculated the slope (m) of the zero-intercept regression line between
the measured conductivity and the sample conductivity separately for each sensor pair and
for each SeaSoar tow (Table 6).
Tows 1 and 2 had too few calibration points to be meaningful, and there was no significant
difference in the multiplier for the primary sensor pair between Tows 3 and 4, so the data
from Tows 1, 2, 3 and 4 were pooled. The primary sensor appeared to be clogged during Tow
2 so data points from Tow 2 were eliminated in the final comparison for the primary sensor.
Both the primary and secondary sensors required no conductivity correction (kl and k2,
Table 6) for Tows 1 through 4. During Tows 5 and 6, a systematic offset was noted between
the two temperature sensors so the sensors had a post-cruise calibration done in December
1994. After the new calibration data were put into the configuration file, the SeaSoar data
were reprocessed and this data were used for the comparison of the SeaSoar conductivity
with the bottle samples. Since there was no significant difference in the mean conductivity
difference between Tows 5 and 6 for either sensor pair, the data were pooled, and correction
factors (ki and k2) were determined for each sensor (Table 6).
Table 6: Conductivity multipliers (ml and m2) for primary and secondary sensors, for
W9408B, determined from comparison of near-surface SeaSoar data with 5-m intake samples, and the conductivity correction factors (kl and k2) adopted for reprocessing the SeaSoar conductivity data. Also shown are the average and standard deviations of the salinity
differences between the sample values and the corrected SeaSoar data.
Average
Std Dev
ml
m2
kl
k2
S1
S2
S1
S2
-
-
1.00000
1.00000
-
1.00000
1.00000
0.002
-
-
1.00006
-
42/40
1.00012
0.99999
1.00000
1.00000
0.004
0.000
0.009
0.009
4
12
1.00009
0.99995
1.00000
1.00000
0.003
-0.002
0.012
0.011
1-4
56/58
1.00010
0.99998
1.00000
1.00000
0.004
-0.001
0.009
0.009
5
42/39
1.00018
1.00019
1.00021
1.00022
0.006
0.007
0.009
0.008
6
12/11
1.00026
1.00025
1.00021
1.00022
0.009
0.009
0.002
0.003
5-6
56/52
1.00021
1.00022
1.00021
1.00022
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.007
Tow
N
1
3
2
0/4
3
17
0.007
Applying these multipliers to the SeaSoar conductivity data before recalculating salinity
allows us to compare the corrected SeaSoar salinity values from both primary and secondary
sensor ducts to the sample salinity. The time series of the differences (Figure 7) show
reasonable agreement between sample and near-surface SeaSoar data for both sensor pairs
during all tows, except sensor pair one in Tow 2.
Post-Processing of SeaSoar Data
Salinity data derived from Sea-Bird ducted temperature and conductivity sensors are
subject to errors from three separate sources (Larson, 1992): (1) poor alignment of the 24-Hz
temperature and conductivity data, (2) poor compensation for the transfer of heat between
the mantle of the conductivity cell and the water flowing through it, and (3) mismatch
of the effective time constants of the temperature and conductivity measurements. Highspeed pumps, ducted-flow geometry, and sensor design to match response times are hardware
measures which help to reduce these errors. Software is then used to align the temperature
and conductivity data by some constant offset (typically 1.75 scans); a two-point recursive
formula is applied to correct for the thermal mass of the conductivity cell (Lueck, 1990;
Lueck and Picklo, 1990). For the results reported here, only the thermal mass correction
and the offset between T and C need to be addressed in post-processing.
The primary complication for processing CTD data from SeaSoar is that the flow rate
through the sensors might be variable (Huyer et al., 1993). In previous OSU SeaSoar work
where the T/C inlet and outlet ducts were both plumbed through the side of the SeaSoar's
nose, variable flow rates seemed to be common (e.g., Huyer et al., 1993; Kosro et al., 1995).
This same inlet and outlet arrangement was used on Tows 1-4 of this cruise, and we again
found the lag of maximum correlation between T and C signals to be quite variable, particularly during descent (Appendix); thus it is necessary to correct for a variable T/C lag. The
variable flow rate also impacts the thermal mass correction, where the amplitude and time
constant of the correction are inversely proportional to flow rate (Lueck, 1990; Morrison et
al., 1994). Biological fouling can also impact the calculated lags between T and C; even when
the flow rate is unaffected, partial fouling may lengthen the time response of the thermistor
(Kosro et al., 1995).
Because the lateral separation between adjacent SeaSoar profiles is typically small compared to the scale of changes in water-mass characteristics, it is possible to use the T-S
plots of consecutive profiles to optimize the thermal mass correction. This was done in a
qualitative manner for the earlier data sets (Huyer et al., 1993; Kosro et al., 1995). We have
18
0 0.06
U)
as
Tows 1-4 pair 1
" 0.04
m
.
.
0.02 Le*
-0.04
Cz -0.06
236
U)
.........I.......
236.5
I......
I
237
I
237.5
238
237.5
238
I
I
I
I
I
238.5
239
239.5
240
240.5
241
238.5
239
239.5
240
240.5
241
0 0.06
CO
U 0.04
Tows 1-4 pair 2
Q
0.02
U
CU
0
U
.
2 0.02
01-0.04
C
ja -0.06
236
Cl)
236.5
237
Julian Day
Co"
0.06
U)
M
(D 0.04
Tows 5&6 pair 1
a)
E 0.02
CO
U)
U
C
P.
0
2 -0.02
a)
C' -0.04
C
..
241.5
Fz -0.06
Cl)
I.
242
I
I
I
I
I
I
242.5
243
243.5
244
244.5
245
245.5
243.5
244
244.5
245
245.5
0 0.06
U)
cC
a)
0.04
Tows 5&6 pair 2
m
0.02
CO
.
0
2 -0.02
-0.04
C
cn
-0.06
241.5
242
242.5
243
Julian Day
Figure 7: Time series of salinity differences between the 5-m samples and the matching
corrected SeaSoar data from both sensor pairs, for Tows 1-6 of W9408A.
19
now developed a quantitative procedure to choose optimal values of the amplitude (a) and
time constant (7) for the thermal mass correction.
Before the data can be post-processed, three preliminary steps are required: (1) the sensors
are calibrated using in situ data and/or post-cruise calibrations, (2) the time-series of lags
between 24-Hz temperature and conductivity data are computed and cleaned (see below),
and (3) optimal values of the thermal mass correction variables are determined. Once these
steps are done, the SeaSoar data can be reprocessed. The final calibration values are used for
the sensors; the time-series of lags are used to offset the temperature and conductivity signals;
and a thermal mass correction is applied to the data, where the thermal mass variables a
and T are calculated from the observed lags. The final data are output as 1-Hz values, using
a 24-point boxcar filter.
Use and cleaning of the time-series of lags between first-differenced temperature and conductivity has been described in previous reports (e.g., Huyer et al., 1993). In general, three
depth zones are used for the SeaSoar, and lags are calculated in these zones for ascending
and descending trajectories. In this survey, the shallow tows on unfaired cable (Tows 1-3,
5, 6) used zones of: 20 to 60 dbar, 60 to 90 dbar, and 90 to 130 dbar. For the deep tow
on faired cable (Tow 4) the three zones were: 20 to 120 dbar, 120 to 180 dbar, and 180 to
240 dbar. The time series of lags are then cleaned by discarding outliers from data segments
that are very short or have relatively low correlations between T and C, and replacing them
with local estimates of the lag based on nearby values. The sensor pair with the least noisy
time-series of lags was chosen as the preferred sensor pair for final data processing, and the
lags for the preferred sensor pair of each tow are shown in the Appendix. The lags for the
forward-pointing sensors used in Tows 5 and 6 are significantly less noisy than those from
the sideways-plumbed sensors (Figure 8), and they show essentially no difference between
ascending and descending values. We conclude that the flow rate within the T/C duct is
much more stable in the forward-pointing configuration.
To apply a thermal mass correction we follow Lueck (1990) who presented a two-point
recursive formula involving an amplitude (a) and a time constant (T). We implement this
with a recursive algorithm provided by Sea-Bird:
OCR,, = -bC,,,_1 + a(dC/dT)(T,, - Tn_1),
where
a = 2a/(2 + P0t)
b = 1 - 2a/a
20
forward intake sensors
6
U
4
2
0
UP
...............................
-2
241.5
i
4
2
0
............................ ..:................................
242.5
243.5
243
244
244.5
............................................................................................
6
U
242
:
riL`..........
i
...........i ..:.......... Y....................:.....down...
...........................................................
-2
241.5
242
242.5
243
..................................
243.5
244
244.5
starboard intake sensors
U
6
4
2
H
0
.............................................................................................
................... ....................I.......................:.....
................
.,Iw.a,. 41 r.. UP...... .
-2
241.5
-2 (241.5
242
242.5
243
243.5
244
244.5
............. :................ ...............
242
242.5
243
Julian Day
243.5
244
Figure 8: Time series of Tow 5 T-C lags, separately for upcast and downcast data.
21
244.5
0 = 1/T
dC/dT = 0.1(1 + 0.006(Tn - 20)),
and AC,, is the conductivity correction at time n, C,i,_1 is the conductivity (in S m-1) at the
preceding time, Tn, and Tn_1 are the temperatures (°C) at times n and n - 1, and At is the
time between scans (1/24 sec).
Lueck suggested that a is inversely proportional to flow rate through the sensor duct,
and that T was weakly proportional to the inverse of the flow rate. Morrison et al. (1994)
developed this further: a is inversely proportional to the flow rate as before, but now T is
inversely proportional to the square root of the flow rate:
a = (0.0264/V) + 0.0135
T= (2.7858/x) + 7.1499,
where V is the flow rate (m s-'). Since our observed T-C lag is also inversely proportional
to flow rate, a and T can instead be posed in terms of the lag: a is now directly proportional
to the T-C lag, and r is directly proportional to the square root of the lag (c):
a =ao+a1
T = To + Ti *
The advantage in doing this is that lag values are readily observable from the data while
flow rates are not.
Flow rate is in units of in s-1 so that lag can be expressed
as:
L t = Ox/V
where Ox is the distance in meters from the temperature probe to the conductivity sensor,
and At is the sampling interval. If the distance between the thermistor and the middle of
the conductivity cell is 0.18 m (Morrison et al., 1994, their figure 2) and the sampling rate
is 24 Hz, then we can express the equations of Morrison et al. (1994) as:
a = 0.0061 + 0.0135
T =1.3403V + 7.1499
Suppose we did not correct for the thermal mass of the conductivity cell. During a down
trace the cell would be warmer than the water and transferring heat into the water within
22
the conductivity cell; the measured conductivity would then be higher than the conductivity
of the surrounding water. If no thermal mass correction is applied, the apparent salinity is
too high during descent, and too low during ascent. This has the appearance of a hysteresis
loop when plotted on a T-S diagram. If a series of thermal mass corrections are applied,
with systematicaly increasing a and r, the hysteresis loop would diminish until the up-trace
lies on top of the down-trace, yielding the best estimates for a and r. If the thermal mass
correction is too strong (a and r too large, for instance) the hysteresis loop would reappear
on the other side, with the apparent salinity now too low during descent.
If we calculate the area (in T-S space) between successive up- and down-traces, then the
optimal thermal mass correction is the one which minimizes this area; we would then have
the best settings for a and T. Since a and r are both proportional to the observed lags but
with the possibility of a constant offset, we seek optimal values for the slopes and offsets
of a and r (i.e., for ao, al, ro, Tl). If we consider the area in T-S space as our function and
the slopes and offsets as variables, optimal settings are found by minimizing the function of
four variables. There are well established routines for this and we chose to use one from the
International Math and Science Library (IMSL) which uses a quasi-Newton method and a
finite- difference gradient (routine UMINF).
Test hours were chosen for the two different sensor configurations used on this cruise (see
Table 4). Thermal mass corrections were estimated using four test hours for Tows 1-4 (two
each from Tow 3 and Tow 4), and five test hours for Tows 5-6 (all from Tow 5). This test
data set was then processed with an initial slope and offset for a and r, and the area in T-S
space between successive up- and down-traces was computed for each of the hours, and then
summed as a whole. The IMSL routine was used to vary the values for the slopes and offsets
until a minimum of the summed area was found. These slopes and offsets which minimized
the area for the test data were then applied as the settings for the appropriate tows. These
values are summarized in Table 7.
Table 7: Optimized slope and offset values for use in the thermal mass correction.
tow
preferred
al
ao
71
To
sensor
1-4
starboard
0.0006
0.043
1.036
7.18
5-6
forward
0.0042
0.014
1.050
7.15
23
We can compare the results of Morrison et al. (1994) with the values reported in Table 7.
The values of ao and To for the forward-pointing sensor pair (Tows 5 and 6) essentially match
those given in the equations by Morrison et al. (1994). The value of To for the starboard
sensor pair (Tows 1-4) also agrees, but ao is substantially different. The slope values (al
and r1) for the forward-pointing sensors are also closer to the values given by Morrison et
al. (1994) than those for the starboard sensors. This is additional confirmation that the
forward-pointing sensors are superior to the sideways-plumbed sensors.
As an example of the very high resolution possible using the superior forward-pointing
sensors and the quantitative method for optimizing the thermal mass corrections, Figure 9
shows the T-S diagram for 04:00 hour (UTC) on August 30. The close-up of detail in that
figure has solid lines for the upcast data, and dashed lines for the downcast data. The
gradient in water-mass characteristics is clearly resolved by successive up- and down-cast
traces in the post-processed data.
Using the variable lags (shown in the Appendix) and the thermal mass slopes and offsets
(Table 7), the 24-Hz temperature and conductivity data were realigned and corrected, and
used to calculate 24-Hz salinity, and these were averaged to yield 1-Hz values stored in hourly
files. Reprocessed data were plotted to confirm our choice of the preferred sensor pair, and
to see if additional cleaning was required. The forward-pointing sensors used in Tows 5
and 6 were the preferred sensor pair, but they fouled several times in Tow 5. When this
happened, the sensors would typically clog as they descended, and then clear before starting
their next ascent. In these cases, the data from the alternate sideways-plumbed sensor pair
were substituted when applicable. Table 8 summarizes when this took place.
Data Presentation
The final 1-Hz data files contain unfiltered GPS latitude and longitude; pressure; temperature, salinity and at from the preferred sensor pair; date and time (both in decimal year-day
and integer year, month, day, hour, minute, second); an integer representing flags (thousands
digit of 1 indicates collection of a water sample from 5-m intake, hundreds digit of 1 indicates
a ship turn has started, hundreds digit of 2 indicates the SeaSoar has reversed direction, tens
digit of 1 indicates missing GPS data filled by linear interpolation, and ones digit indicates
port for Tows 1-4 and forward-pointing for Tows 5-6 (0) or starboard (1) intake for the T/C
sensor pair); voltage (0-5 volts) from the SeaTech fluorometer (Tows 1-4 only); and voltage
(0-5 volts) from the SeaTech transmissometer (Tows 1-4 only). Successive hourly files of the
reprocessed 1-Hz average SeaSoar CTD data were joined and clipped to construct data files
for each line of Tows 1-6 (Figures 10-13, Table 9).
24
August 30, 1994 04:00 (UTC)
33
33.5
34
Salinity (psu)
8.5
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.9
33.0
Salinity (psu)
33.1
33.2
33.3
Figure 9: High resolution data from forward-pointing sensor pair with post-processing.
25
Table 8: Times of forward-pointing sensor clogging in Tow 5 and replaced with data from
the starboard sideways-plumbed sensors. At times UTC.
date
start
(yy/mm/dd)
stop
(hh:mm:ss)
duration
(hh:mm:ss)
94/08/29
17:08:28
17:14:23
17:09:29
17:15:23
01:01
01:00
94/08/30
01:48:08
01:54:41
01:56:15
02:04:45
02:09:25
02:10:55
02:12:25
02:19:52
02:22:48
02:25:41
02:27:07
02:32:55
02:40:06
02:49:20
03:12:44
03:19:53
03:39:22
03:48:02
03:52:21
12:01:04
12:04:48
12:08:31
12:26:42
12:30:24
12:48:31
13:13:53
20:44:42
22:05:36
01:49:08
01:55:41
01:57:15
02:05:46
02:10:25
02:11:56
02:13:26
02:20:53
02:23:49
02:26:42
02:28:07
02:33:56
02:41:07
02:50:21
03:20:54
03:40:22
03:49:02
03:53:21
12:02:05
12:05:49
12:09:32
12:27:43
12:31:25
12:49:31
13:14:53
20:45:43
22:06:37
01:00
01:00
01:00
01:01
01:00
01:00
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:00
01:00
01:00
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:00
01:00
01:01
01:01
03:13-:45
(mm:ss)
94/08/31
07:17:18
07:23:09
07:58:31
08:08:32
09:25:44
09:41:29
16:50:46
16:54:36
16:59:43
17:10:01
17:18:12
17:26:13
17:41:52
18:01:26
07:18:19
07:24:09
07:59:32
08:09:33
09:26:45
09:42:30
16:51:47
16:55:37
17:00:44
17:11:01
17:19:12
17:27:13
17:42:53
18:02:26
01:01
01:00
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:01
01:00
01:00
01:00
01:01
01:00
94/09/01
02:44:02
02:59:51
03:08:02
02:45:02
03:00:52
03:09:03
01:00
01:01
01:01
26
In the body of this report, we summarize the results of the conventional CTD casts and
the thermohaline data from the SeaSoar tows. For the CTD stations, we provide plots of the
vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, at, fluorescence voltage, transmissometer voltage,
and listings of observed and calculated variables at standard pressures.
For the SeaSoar observations, we split the tow data into two maps where data from the
beginning of Tow 5 is included in both maps to give better spatial coverage. Maps of
temperature, salinity and at are shown at 5, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 115 db. These depths
were chosen to represent the near-surface (5 db), for comparison with tracks of drifters
drogued at 15 m, for comparison with maps of ADCP velocity at the same depths (25, 50,
75, 100 db) (Pierce et al., 1996) and to show the deepest routinely measured level (115 db).
Data used in the maps were obtained by linearly interpolating the 1-Hz SeaSoar data in the
vertical to the specified map depths. Contour maps are created by gridding the data using
zgrid (Crain, 1968, unpublished) where for Map 1 (Map 2) the grid is 32 (31) in the E-W
direction and 32 (62) in the N-S direction and any grid point more than four (five) grid
spaces from the nearest data point is set to undefined. The differing grid sizes were chosen
so that no blank spaces appear in Map 1 near the more widely spaced lines 9-15, but to
maintain equal E-W and N-S grid spacing in Map 2.
The maps of dynamic topography show geopotential anomaly in J/kg (m2s-2) at 5, 15, 25,
50 and 75 db relative to 100 db. On E-W sections where the SeaSoar profiles were shallower
than 100 db, dynamic height was calculated using the extrapolation technique described by
Reid and Mantyla (1976) where ADp/loo is calculated by linear extrapolation from the next
offshore pair of stations and ADmap-pressure/ioo is calculated directly from the SeaSoar CTD
data. Along the short, shallow, inshore, N-S SeaSoar lines, the N-S slope of the dynamic
height between the deepest common pressure relative to 100 db at the inshore ends of the
two E-W lines at either end of the shallow N-S line is assumed to be a constant all along the
N-S line. The ODmap-pressure/ioo is then calculated by integrating directly from the shallow
SeaSoar profiles. This method is equivalent to assuming that there is no N-S horizontal shear
in the E-W geostrophic velocity near the bottom.
Vertical sections of temperature, salinity and at are shown for each of the SeaSoar lines
and summary T-S diagrams are shown for data from Tows 1-4 and for Tows 5-6.
27
2000
200
50
a
bO
44
z°
0-1
2
Tow 3
3
4
7
6
5
42
-126
-125
Longitude (°W)
-124
Figure 10: Line names for SeaSoar Tows 1-3 of W9408A.
28
Newport
2000
.200
50
44
z
14
°
Cape Blanco
Tow 4
13
15
42
-126
-125
Longitude (°W)
-124
Figure 11: Line names for SeaSoar Tow 4 of W9408A.
29
Newport
2000
.200
44
Tow 5
29
28
Z
°
Cape Blanco
23
21
19
E
18
17
42
16
I
-126
I
I
-125
Longitude (°W)
-124
Figure 12: Line names for SeaSoar Tow 5 of W9408A.
30
Newport
200
2000
50
44
Tow 6
30
31
33
Cape Blanco
32
42
-126
-125
Longitude (°W)
-124
Figure 13: Line names for SeaSoar Tow 6 of W9408A.
31
Table 9: W9408A Waypoints and Turn Times.
Tow
1
Waypoint
Line
NH-25
Al
Latitude (°N)
Longitude (°W)
44 39.1
124 38.8
235.99236
44 25.0
125 0.0
236.11406
Turn Times (UTC Year Day)
a
bO
recovery
2
236.14858
deployment
236.16667
b
A2
43 30.0
125 0.0
236.44323
43 20.0
124 40.0
236.53343
43 13.0
125 10.0
237.19653
43 20.0
125 10.0
237.26668
43 20.0
124 35.0
237.40106
43 13.0
124 36.0
237.46374
43 13.0
125 10.0
237.60896
43 3.0
125 10.0
237.66469
43 3.0
124 35.0
237.83339
42 52.5
43 3.0
124 40.0
125 10.0
237.89301
43 6.0
125 20.0
238.08160
43 13.0
125 10.0
238.14910
42 44.0
124 47.0
238.33302
42 38.4
125 0.0
238.39498
43 6.0
125 20.0
238.56529
42 58.9
125 31.8
238.63083
42 34.0
12; 12.0
238.79883
42 29.0
125 23.7
238.84777
42 54.3
125 43.1
239.00609
c
A3
3
FM-9
0-1
BI
1
B2
1-2
B3
2
B4
2-3
B5
3
B6
3-4
B7
B5
no turn
4
C6
4-5
C3
5
C4
5-6
C5
6
C6
6-7
C7
7
C8
7-8
C9
8
C10
32
W9408A Waypoints and Turn Times continued.
Tow
3
Waypoint
Line
C10
Latitude (°N)
Longitude (°W)
42 54.3
125 43.1
239.00609
42 40.0
126 20.0
239.18299
42 24.0
125 43.1
239.36606
41 54.0
.126 20.0
41 54.0
125 43.1
239.76041
41 54.0
125 43.1
239.91808
43 13.0
125 43.1
240.42291
43 13.0
125 10.0
240.55296
41 54.0
125 10.0
241.07822
41 54.0
124 28.0
241.69306
41 54.0
125 10.0
241.87027
42 04.0
125 10.0
241.91979
42 04.0
124 28.0
242.08259
42 14.0
124 29.0
242.14956
42 14.0
125 10.0
242.30961
42 24.0
125 10.0
242.35918
42 24.0
124 37.0
242.49523
42 34.0
124 39.0
242.55606
42 34.0
125 10.0
242.68956
42 44.0
125 10.0
242.74337
42 44.0
124 43.0
242.84197
42 53.5
124 43.0
242.89497
43 03.0
125 10.0
243.01163
42 44.0
125 10.0
243.11317
Turn Times (UTC Julian Day)
9
Dl
10
D2
11
D3
..
239:59054
12
D4
4
D4
13
El
14
E2
15
E3
5
Fl
16
CR-8
16-17
F3
17
F2
17-18
F5
18
F4
18-19
F7
19
F6
19-20
F9
20
F8
20-21
F11
21
F10
21-22
F12
22
B5
23
F11
33
W9408A Waypoints and Turn Times continued.
Tow
5
Waypoint
Line
F1l
Latitude (°N)
Longitude (°W)
42 44.0
125 10.0
243.11317
42 44.0
125 00.0
243.15485
43 03.0
125 00.0
243.26567
43 DID
12434.0
243.36902
43 08.0
124 34.0
243.39477
43 08.0
125 10.0
243.54061
43 13.0
125 10.0
243.56602
43 13.0
124 36.5
243.70751
43 20.0
124 29.5
243.75531
43 20.0
125 10.0
243.91462
43 30.0
125 10.0
243.96764
43 30.0
124 21.0
244.15161
43 13.0
124 35.0
244.51806
43 13.0
125 10.0
244.65897
42 58.9
125 31.8
244.77424
42 34.0
125 10.0
244.94764
43 13.0
125 10.0
245.18744
Turn Times (UTC Julian Day)
23-24
F13
24
F14
25
B6
Gi
25 - 26
26
G2
26-27
B4
27
B3
27-28
B2
28
B1
28-29
G3
29
G4
6
Hl (FM-4)
30
H2 (FM-9)
31
H3
32
H4
33
H2 (FM-9)
34
Acknowledgements
We are indebted to the OSU Marine Technicians: Marc Willis, Mike Hill and Tim Holt; they
were responsible for the highly successful SeaSoar operations. We thank Nordeen Larson of
Sea-Bird Electronics for his advise on installing the Sea-Bird sensors in the SeaSoar vehicle
and on data processing principles. Steve Pierce contributed valuable assistance in both data
collection and in preparation of this report. The officers and crew of the R/V Wecoma
performed superbly - only occasionally would they comment on the fact that we insisted on
towing the SeaSoar in an E-W direction, invariably in the trough of the prevailing summer
swell. Funding for the new placement of the T/C sensors inside the SeaSoar's nose was
provided by a supplement from the Ocean Technology Program at the National Science
Foundation. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation Grant OCE-9314370.
References
Anonymous, 1992. CTD Data Acquisition Software, SEASOFT Version 4.xxx. Sea-Bird
Electronics, Inc., Bellevue, Washington, USA.
Barth, J. A. and R. L. Smith, 1996. Coastal ocean circulation off Oregon: Recent observa-
tions of spatial and temporal variability. In Estuarine and Ocean Survival of Northeastern
Pacific Salmon, NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS, NWFSC, in press.
Culkin, F. and N. D. Smith, 1980. Determination of the concentration of potassium chloride
having the same electrical conductivity, at 15 C and infinite frequency, as standard seawa-
ter of salinity 35.000 0/00 (chlorinity 19.37394
OE-5, 22-23.
IEEE Journal of Ocean Engineering,
Fofonoff, N. P. and R. C. Millard, 1983. Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater. Unesco Technical Papers in Marine Science, 44 53 pp.
Huyer, A., P. M. Kosro, R. O'Malley and J. Fleischbein, 1993. Seasoar and CTD Observations during a COARE Surveys Cruise, W9211 C, 22 January to 22 February 1993. College
of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis. Reference 93-2,
Data Report 154, October 1993.
Kosro, P. M., J. A. Barth, J. Fleischbein, A. Huyer, R. O'Malley, K. Shearman and R. L.
Smith, 1995. SeaSoar and CTD Observations during EBC Cruises W9306A and W9308B
June to September 1993. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State
University, Corvallis. Reference 95-2, Data Report 160, October 1993.
35
Larson, N., 1992. Oceanographic CTD Sensors: Principles of Operation, Sources of Error,
and Methods for Correcting Data. Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., Bellevue, Washington, USA.
Lueck, R., 1990. Thermal inertia of conductivity cells: Theory. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 7,
741-755.
Lueck, R. and J. J. Picklo, 1990. Thermal inertia of conductivity cells: Observations with a
Sea-Bird cell. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 7, 756-768.
Morrison, J., R. Andersen, N. Larson, E. D'Asaro and T. Boyd, 1994. The correction for
thermal-lag effects in Sea-Bird CTD data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 11, 1151-1164.
Pierce, S. D., J. A. Barth and R. L. Smith, 1996. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler observations during the Coastal Jet Separation project on R/V Wecoma, August 23 to September
2, 1994. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis.
Reference 95-3, Date Report 161, October 1996.
Reid, J. L. and A. W. Mantyla, 1976. The effect of geostrophic flow upon coastal sea
elevations in the northern North Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3100-3110.
36
CTD Data
For each station, we present plots of the vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and at, and
a listing of the observed and derived variables at standard pressures. Header data includes
the CTD Station Number, Latitude (degrees and minutes North), Longitude (degrees and
minutes West), Date and Time (UTC), and Bottom Depth (in meters).
37
Temperature, Salinity
33
32
4
2
34
6
10
8
0 _
35
,
I
14
12
.
,
36
16
18
1
NH-5
LAT: 44
23 AUG 1994
1935 GMT
STA:
I
P
T
(DB)
(C)
1
10
20
30
40
50
51
100
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
I
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
16.223
16.128
9.861
7.600
7.858
7.825
7.825
S
32.842
32.846
32.967
33.353
33.590
33.682
33.683
39.1 N LONG: 124 10.7 W
POT T
(C)
16.223
16.127
9.858
7.597
7.854
7.821
7.820
DEPTH
SIGMA
THETA
24.039
24.063
25:388
26.039
26.188
26.265
26.266
60
SVA
(CLIT)
386.4
384.3
258.2
196.5
182.5
175.4
175.3
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.039
0.386
0.712
0.926
1.115
1.294
1.311
Temperature, Salinity
2
4
6
8
10
36
35
34
33
32
12
14
16
18
2 NH-15 LAT: 44 39.1 N LONG: 124 24.9 W
90
DEPTH
2109 GMT
23 AUG 1994
STA:
P
T
(DB)
(C)
2
16.704
10.644
8.639
8.146
7.994
7.957
7.660
7.619
7.676
7.655
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
6
81
90 J
100 _,
23
i
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
S
POT T
(C)
31.654
32.252
32.696
32.885
33.023
33.216
33.368
33.492
33.676
33.700
16.704
10.643
8.637
8.143
7.991
7.952
7.655
7.612
7.669
7.648
SIGMA
THETA
23.017
24.699
25.371
25.592
25.723
25.880
26.043
26.146
26.282
26.305
SVA
(CUT)
484.0
323.6
259.8
238.9
226.7
211.9
196.6
186.9
174.2
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.097
0.414
0.698
0.943
1.176
1.395
1.599
1.790
172.1
1.989
1.971
Temperature, Salinity
32
31
4
6
8
33
10
12
34
14
16
35
18
20
STA: 3 NH-25 LAT: 44 39.1 N LONG: 124 39.0 W
23 AUG 1994
2238 GMT
DEPTH 298
P
(DB)
2
10
T
(C)
18.342
17.744
20/2./39
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
175
200
225
250
275
276
-
400 J
"500
1
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
11.067
9.493
8.505
8.496
8.501
7.753
7.638
7.783
7.741
7.643
7.586
7.427
7.397
7.216
7.038
6.903
6.773
6.740
6.739
S
31.479
31.865
32.290
32.373
32.428
32.714
32.889
33.082
33.193
33.476
33.581
33.637
33.721
33.753
33.791
33.838
33.881
33.935
33.953
33.970
33.976
33.975
POT T
(C)
18.342
17.743
12.136
11.064
9.489
8.500
8.490
8.494
7.746
7.629
7.774
7.730
SIGMA
THETA
22.496
22.936
24.460
24.719
25.028
25.405
25.544
25.695
25.892
7.631
26.323
26.357
26.409
26.451
26.510
26.577
26.611
26.642
7.574
7.414
7.383
7.199
7.020
6.882
6.750
6.715
6.714
26.131
SVA
(CL/T)
533.8
492.0
346.6
322.1
292.9
257.1
244.1
229.9
211.3
188.8
26.193
183.1
26243
178.5
171.0
168.0
163.2
159.4
26.651
26,651
154.1
148.1
145.2
142.6
142.1
142.1
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.107
0.529
0.919
1.253
1.558
1.832
2.084
2.321
2.542
2.740
2.925
3.105
3.280
3.449
3.615
3.776
4.166
4.543
4.910
5.270
5.626
5.640
Temperature, Salinity
32
2
0 l,
34
33
35
4
6
8
10
12
I
I
I
I
I
14
I
36
16
18
STA: 4 FM-1
24 AUG 1994
I
P
(DB)
2
10-
10
20
30
20 30 J
S
70 J
80 J
90
100.,23
rT_,-rte
24
r-r-r
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
T
(C)
10.541
10.095
8.859
8.871
LAT:
43 13.1 N
1728 GMT
S
33.434
33.510
33.610
33.653
POT T
(C)
10.541
10.094
8.857
8.867
LONG: 124 26.0 W
DEPTH
SIGMA
THETA
25.637
25.773
26.053
26.085
36
SVA
(CL/T)
234.2
221.4
195.0
192.2
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.047
0.231
0.437
0.630
Temperature, Salinity
2
34
33
32
4
6
8
10
35
12
14
36
16
18
STA: 5 FM-3
LAT: 43 12.9 N LONG: 124 30.1 W
24 AUG 1994
1829 GMT
DEPTH
61
P
T
(DB)
(C)
12.073
3
10
9.044
20
8.309
30
8.491
40
8.078
50
8.087
56
8.094
100
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
S
POT T
(C)
32.690
32.746
33.148
33.503
33.589
33.639
33.666
12.073
9.043
8.308
8.488
8.074
8.082
8.088
SIGMA
THETA
24.783
25.347
25.775
26.026
26.155
26.193
26.214
SVA
(CUT)
315.5
261.9
221.4
197.8
185.6
182.2
180.4
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.095
0.304
0.539
0.747
0.939
1.123
1.232
r
32
2
0
1
4
1
Temperature, Salinity
33
34
6
1
8
1
1
35
10
1
1
12
14
1
I
36
16
18
I.
STA: 6 FM-4
LAT: 43 13.1 N LONG: 124 35.1 W
24 AUG 1994
1931 GMT
DEPTH
87
P
T
(DB)
(C)
1
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
79
100
1
23
I
24
I
I
I
25
Sigma-theta
I
26
1
27
12.863
11.610
8.744
8.485
8.444
8.242
8.133
8.149
8.098
S
POT T
(C)
32.445
32.377
32.764
33.147
33.237
33.356
33.463
33.670
33.762
12.863
11.609
8.742
8.482
8.440
8.237
8.127
8.143
8.090
SIGMA
THETA
24.442
24.625
25.408
25.747
25.824
25.948
26.048
26.209
26.289
SVA
(CL/T)
347.9
330.7
256.3
224.2
217.1
205.5
196.2
181.1
173.7
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.035
0.345
0.626
0.867
1.087
1.299
1.498
1.687
1.847
Temperature, Salinity
4
0
1
33
32
31
6
1
I
10
8
.
I
.
I
34
12
.
I
14
1
I
16
I
I
35
20
18
7 FM-5
LAT: 43 13.1 N LONG: 124 40.1 W
24 AUG 1994
2036 GMT
DEPTH 157
STA:
I
P
T
(DB)
(C)
3
14.600
10
14.386
20
11.217
30
9.612
40
9.127
50
8.776
60
8.773
70
8.573
80
8.143
90
8.189
100
7.999
110
7.911
120
7.823
130
7.781
140
7.618
150
7.592
159
7.489
250
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
S
32.074
32.087
32.357
32.500
32.649
32.965
33.148
33.261
33.330
33.722
33.801
33.831
33.862
33.872
33.888
33.901
33.911
POT T
(C)
14.60 0
14.38 4
11.21 5
9.60 9
9.12 3
8.77 0
SIGMA
THETA
23.803
23.858
24.680
25.065
25.259
25.561
8.76 6
8.56 6
8.13 5
8.18 0
7.98 9
7.90 0
25.704
25.824
25.943
26.243
26.334
7.81
26.408
26.422
26.458
26.473
26.495
1
7.76 9
7.60 5
7.57 8
7.47 4
26.371
SVA
(CL/T)
408.9
403.8
325.7
289.2
270.9
242.3
228.9
217.7
206.5
178.2
169.7
166.4
163.0
161.9
158.6
157.4
155.4
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.123
0.408
0.774
1.078
1.359
1.615
1.848
2.070
2.283
2.476
2.649
2.816
2.981
3.143
3.304
3.462
3.602
Temperature, Salinity
4
33
32
31
6
8
10
12
34
14
35
16
18
20
8 FM-6
LAT: 43 13.1 N LONG: 124 45.1 W
24 AUG 1994
2130 GMT
DEPTH 315
STA:
P
T
(DB)
(C)
2
16.195
16.291
12.639
10.891
10.405
9.768
9.209
9.123
8.498
8.178
8.085
7.880
7.613
7.508
7.498
7.467
7.412
7.145
6.877
6.698
6.492
6.675
6.574
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
315
IIIIIIIII I
500
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
I
I
I
26
27
S
31.956
31.917
32.444
32.495
32.616
32.708
32.919
33.165
33.285
33.435
33.501
33.612
33.656
33.738
33.777
33.801
33.850
33.890
33.923
33.935
33.951
34.012
34.020
POT T
(C)
16.195
16.290
12.636
10.887
10.400
9.762
9.203
9.115
8.490
8.169
8.075
7.869
7.601
7.496
7.484
7.453
7.395
7.126
6.857
6.675
6.467
6.648
6.546
SIGMA
THETA
23.364
23.313
24.484
24.846
25.024
25.203
25.458
25.663
25.854
26.020
26.086
26.203
20.276
26.356
26.388
26.411
26.459
26.527
26.590
26.624
26.664
26.688
26.708
SVA
(CLOT)
450.8
455.9
344.4
310.1
293.4
276.5
252.4
233.0
215.0
199.4
193.3
182.3
175.5
168.0
165.2
163.1
159.0
152.8
147.2
144.2
140.7
138.9
137.1
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.090
0.453
0.844
1.164
1.468
1.754
2.020
2.263
2.485
2.692
2.889
3.075
3.254
3.426
3.593
3.756
4.160
4.549
5.199
5.563
5.919
6.269
6.476
Temperature, Salinity
0, I
4
33
32
31
6
10
8
12
,
34
16
14
I
35
.
I
20
18
,
I
,
9 FM-7
LAT: 43 13.1 N LONG: 124 50.0 W
24 AUG 1994
1531 GMT
DEPTH 345
STA:
i
P
T
(DB)
(C)
2
10
17.666
17.660
17.510
13.401
12.143
10.528
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
336
500
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
9.771
9.050
8.698
8.700
8.441
8.460
8.065
7.955
8.125
7.964
7.416
7.208
6.941
6.580
6.744
6.321
6.014
S
POT T
(C)
31.962
31.962
31.974
32.347
32.578
32.680
32.886
33.064
33.245
33.459
33.481
33.541
33.514
33.624
33.721
33.746
33.838
33.911
33.951
33.929
33.983
33.972
33.958
17.666
17.658
17.507
13.397
12.138
10.522
9.764
9.043
8.690
8.691
8.431
8.449
8.053
7.942
8.111
7.949
7.400
7.190
6.921
6.558
6.719
6.295
5.985
SIGMA
THETA
23.028
23.030
23.075
24.260
24.683
25.053
25.341
25.596
25.792
25.960
26.017
26.062
26.099
26.202
26.253
26.297
26.448
26.535
26.604
26.634
26.656
26.703
26.731
SVA
(CL/T)
482.9
483.0
479.0
366.0
325.9
290.8
263.6
239.4
220.9
205.2
199.9
195.9
192.3
182.8
178.2
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.097
0.483
0.965
1.380
1.726
2.034
2.309
174.1
4.137
4.554
4.944
5.317
5.677
6.033
6.380
6.869
160.0
152.1
145.9
143.2
141.7
137.3
134.9
2.561
2.788
3.000
3.203
3.400
3.593
3.781
3.961
Temperature, Salinity
32
31
4
0
6
33
10
8
1
1
14
12
1
35
34
1
16
1
20
18
1
1
1
STA: 10
FM-8
LAT: 43 13.1 N LONG: 125
25 AUG 1994
0005 GMT
DEPTH 1095
P
T
(DB)
(C)
2
10
18.320
18.309
16.753
12.657
11.262
10.536
9.457
9.060
8.839
8.419
8.676
8.490
8.067
8.077
7.993
7.843
7.701
7.495
7.371
7.271
7.105
6.926
6.637
6.512
5.955
5.759
5.754
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
100 J
400 J
501
500
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
S
POT T
(C)
31.930
31.930
32.056
32.367
32.418
32.452
32.583
32.754
32.934
33.145
33.409
33.468
33.498
33.571
33.663
33.741
33.851
33.913
33.956
33.959
33.985
33.989
34.028
34.084
34.060
34.088
34.088
18.320
18.308
16.749
12.653
11.257
10.530
9.451
9.052
8.831
8.410
8.665
8.479
8.055
8.065
7.979
7.829
7.684
7.476
7.350
7.247
7.079
6.899
6.606
6.476
5.916
5.716
5.711
SIGMA
THETA
22.846
22.849
23.315
24.422
24.721
24.874
25.155
25.352
25.527
25.757
25.925
25.999
26.087
26.142
26.227
26.311
26.417
26.496
26.548
26.565
26.609
26.637
26.706
26.768
26.820
26.868
26.868
SVA
(CUT)
500.3
500.3
456.0
350.6
322.3
307.8
281.2
262.6
0.2 W
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.100
0.500
0.996
1.380
1.715
2.030
2.323
2.596
246.1
2.851
224.4
208.7
201.8
193.6
188.5
180.5
172.8
3.086
3.303
3.508
3.706
3.896
163.1
155.9
151.4
150.2
146.3
144.0
137.9
132.8
128.0
123.9
123.9
4.081
4.256
4.679
5.074
5.458
5.835
6.204
6.567
7.275
7.950
8.602
9.233
9.245
Temperature, Salinity
r___1
4
6
l-l
34
33
32
31
8
10
i
I
1
12
14
I
I
35
16
I
18
20
I
P
-
501
500 - 23
T
(DB)
(C)
3
18.241
10
17.945
20
13.847
30
12.917
40
11.101
50
10.209
60
9.709
70
9.339
80
8.755
90
8.713
100
8.608
110
8.454
120
8.302
130
8.102
140
8.066
150
7.884
175
7.734
200
7.700
225
7.529
250
7.378
275
7.274
300
7.005
350
6.805
400
6.397
450
6.097
500
5.592
100 -
400
STA: 11 FM-9
LAT: 43 13.1 N LONG: 125 10.1 W
25 AUG 1994
0149 GMT
DEPTH 1680
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
5.578
S
31.889
31.932
32.469
32.482
32.529
32.548
32.653
POT T
(C)
18.240
17.944
13.845
12.913
11.096
10.204
9.703
32.971
9.331
33.219
33.415
33.570
33.650
33.690
33.732
33.800
33.820
33.887
8.747
8.703
8.598
8.442
8.290
8.089
8.052
7.869
7.717
33.931
33.965
33.971
7.681
33.983
33.986
34.009
34.030
34.070
34.052
34.053
SIGMA
THETA
22.834
22.939
24.264
24.460
24.836
25.004
25.169
25.478
25.764
25.924
26.062
26.148
26.302
26.265
26.324
26.367
26.441
26-481
7.507
7.355
7.248
6.977
6.773
6.362
6.058
26.533
26.559
26.584
26.024
26.669
5.551
26.859
26.862
5.536
26.40
26.811
SVA
(CL/T)
501.5
491.7
365.4
346.9
311.3
295.4
279.8
250.7
223.6
208.6
195.7
187.7
182.7
176.8
171.4
167.5
160.8
157.4
152.9
150.8
148.8
145.3
141.5
135.3
129.0
124.6
124.3
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.150
0.500
0.918
1.277
1.606
1.907
2.199
2.463
2.696
2.911
3.113
3.305
3.490
3.670
3.844
4.013
4.422
4.819
5.206
5.586
5.961
6.328
7.044
7.736
8.395
9.030
9.042
Temperature, Salinity
31
4
6
32
8
10
33
12
I
I
34
16
14
I
I
I
I
35
20
18
I
I
1
I_
STA: 12 FM-9 LAT: 43
25 AUG 1994
0347 GMT
P
T
(DB)
(C)
2
10
18.085
18.077
14.954
13.433
11.508
10.227
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
175
200
250
1
i
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
9.781
9.288
8.829
8.686
8.672
8.554
8.320
8.151
8.000
7.953
7.676
7.577
S
12.9 N
POT T
(C)
31.937
31.936
32.392
32.462
32.528
32.540
32.619
32.928
33.139
33.370
33.517
33.628
33.667
33.723
33.782
33.810
33.858
33.905
18.084
18.075
14.951
13.429
11.503
10.222
9.774
9.281
8.821
8.677
8.661
8.543
8.308
8.138
7.986
7.938
7.659
7.558
LONG: 125 10.1 W
DEPTH 1680
SIGMA
THETA
22.908
22.910
23.973
24.343
SVA
(CL/T)
494.4
494.4
393.2
24.761
318.4
296.3
283.5
24.995
25.130
25.452
25.690
25.892
26.010
26.115
26.181
26.251
26.320
26.348
26.427
26.478
358.1
253.1
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.099
0.494
0.941
1.315
1.655
1.961
2.253
2.522
230.7
211.6
200.6
190.8
184.6
178.2
171.8
169.3
2.761
162.1
4.511
4.911
157.7
2.980
3.186
3.382
3.569
3.751
3.926
4.096
Temperature, Salinity
32
31
4
6
8
33
10
12
34
14
16
18
35
STA:
20
27 AUG 1994
P
(DB)
2
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
502
100
400 J
T
(C)
18.491
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
41 53.0 N
1147 GMT
LAT:
S
POT T
32.431
(C)
18.491
18.417
18.419
17.516
13.785
12.552
11.820
10.988
10.186
9.493
9.223
8.907
32.432
32.429
32.594
32.710
32.783
32.858
32.983
33.128
33.207
8.661
33.398
33.492
33.566
33.607
33.646
33.788
33.860
33.894
33.920
33.953
33.967
34.010
34.029
8.556
8.385
8.243
7.951
7.597
7.221
7.051
6.706
6.517
6.224
5.918
5.540
5.190
5.132
5.129
After Tow 3
500 +
23
13
33.311
34.051
34.113
34.116
17.513
13.781
12.546
11.814
10.980
10.178
9.484
9.213
8.897
8.649
8.543
8.372
8.229
7.936
7.580
7.202
7.030
6.683
6.493
6.198
5.889
5.507
5.154
5.092
5.089
LONG: 125 40.5 W
DEPTH 3000
SIGMA
THETA
23.187
23.206
23.422
24.374
24.708
24.902
25.111
25.348
25.576
25.681
25.812
25.919
26.009
26.093
26.1146
26.220
26.384
26.493
26.543
26.611
26.662
26.712
26.785
26.846
26.906
26.962
26.964
SVA
(CUT)
467.7
466.2
445.9
355.2
323.5
305.3
285.5
263.2
241.6
231.7
219.4
209.4
201.1
193.3
188.3
181.4
166.2
156.1
151.7
145.5
140.9
136.4
129.9
124.4
119.1
114.3
114.1
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.094
0.466
0.930
1.313
1.651
1.967
2.261
2.538
2.794
3.031
3.256
3.469
3.674
3.872
4.064
4.250
4.683
5.084
5.467
5.838
6.195
6.542
7.210
7.844
8.453
9.033
9.056
Temperature, Salinity
2
4
6
34
33
32
31
8
10
12
14
Temperature, Salinity
16
18
32
31
35
20
4
_1
6
.
(
33
10
8
.
1
.
I
34
12
.
I
14
.
I
35
16
.
I
I
200 -
400 -
600 -
800 -
1000
r 'r
23
24
25
26
27
24
Sigma-theta
25
Sigma-theta
Station 14
26
20
18
.
.
I_
STA: 14
29 AUG 1994
P
T
(DB)
(C)
3
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
19.060
18.340
18.065
17.691
16.694
15.037
13.339
11.801
10.983
10.384
10.148
9.753
9.202
8.908
8.567
8.432
S
POT T
(C)
32.242
32.228
32.247
32.318
32.426
32.582
32.519
32.510
32.540
32.619
32.881
33.046
33.207
33.313
33.429
33.474
19.060
18.338
18.062
17.686
16.688
15.029
13.331
11.792
10.973
10.373
10.136
9.741
9.189
8.895
8.552
8.417
SIGMA
THETA
22.900
23.069
23.151
23.296
23.613
24.103
24.407
24.695
24.866
25.031
25.275
25.470
25.685
25.814
25.958
26.014
SVA
(CL/T)
495.1
479.2
471.8
458.3
428.2
381.7
352.8
325.5
309.3
293.7
270.7
252.3
232.0
219.8
206.3
201.1
After Tow 4
41 37.3 N
0210 GMT
LAT:
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.149
0.489
0.964
1.429
1.878
2.283
2.650
2.989
3.307
3.608
3.893
4.152
4.392
4.620
4.833
5.037
LONG: 125 10.2 W
DEPTH 2750
P
T
(DB)
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
600
(C)
7.881
700
800
900
1000
1006
7.487
7.381
7.113
6.855
6.453
6.179
5.810
5.107
4.818
4.588
4.299
4.133
3.924
3.645
3.634
S
POT T
(C)
33.625
33.773
33.869
33.915
33.936
33.944
34.009
34.054
34.025
34.078
34.163
34.240
34.315
34.378
34.426
34.427
7.864
7.468
7.359
7.090
6.830
6.427
6.149
5.776
5.071
4.779
4.542
4.246
4.073
3.857
3.572
3.561
SIGMA
THETA
26.214
26.387
26.478
26.552
26.604
26.664
26.751
26.833
26.894
26.970
27.063
27.156
27.234
27.306
27.373
27.375
SVA
(CL/T)
182.3
166.2
158.0
151.3
146.6
141.0
133.3
126.0
120.1
113.2
105.2
97.0
90.4
84.1
78.2
78.0
DYN HT
(J/KG)
5.515
5.947
6.352
6.739
7.110
7.470
8.156
8.804
9.420
10.003
11.094
12.104
13.039
13.909
14.716
14.763
Temperature, Salinity
2
l__
200
33
32
31
4
.__ L.
6
-1-
34
Temperature, Salinity
35
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
4
100
-
32
31
6
33
8
10
I
I
12
34
35
14
16
18
20
I
I
I
I
-
200
400-
600
400 J
800
1000
I
23
24
25
26
27
24
Sigma-theta
Station 15
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
15 CR-8
LAT: 41
29 AUG 1994
2153 GMT
STA:
P
T
(DB)
(C)
3
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
18.882
18.854
18.663
16.622
14.355
13.331
11.445
11.127
10.567
10.068
9.579
9.098
8.780
8.434
8.214
8.098
S
32.266
32.264
32.257
32.401
32.556
32.600
32.661
32.783
32.885
32.999
33.090
33.204
33.317
33.438
33.565
33.620
POT T
(C)
18.881
18.853
18.659
16.617
14.350
13.325
11.437
11.118
10.557
10.058
9.568
9.086
8.767
8.421
8.200
8.083
SIGMA
THETA
22.963
22.969
23.012
23.610
24.227
24.470
24.877
25.029
25.206
25.381
25.532
25.699
25.837
25.985
26.118
26.178
SVA
(CLOT)
489.1
488.8
485.0
428.2
369.5
346.5
307.9
293.6
276.9
260.4
246.1
230.4
217.4
203.5
191.0
185.4
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.147
0.489
0.976
1.446
1.840
2.196
2.528
2.832
3.114
3.382
3.634
3.872
4.093
4.305
4.501
4.689
54.0 N
P
(DB)
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1006
LONG: 125
DEPTH 2250
T
(C)
7.771
7.457
7.179
6.847
6.564
6.337
5.887
5.747
5.379
5.099
4.670
4.324
4.043
3.846
3.636
3.619
9.9 W
S
POT T
(C)
33.725
33.837
33.885
33.924
33.943
33.950
33.980
34.037
34.084
34.110
34.191
34.272
34.329
34.386
34.430
34.432
7.754
7.438
7.157
6.824
6.540
6.311
5.858
5.714
5.343
5.059
4.624
4.271
3.984
3.780
3.564
3.546
SIGMA
THETA
26.309
26.442
26.519
26.595
26.648
26.683
26.764
26.827
26.909
26.963
27.076
27.179
27.254
27.320
27.377
27.380
SVA
(CL/T)
173.4
161.0
154.0
147.0
142.2
139.1
131.8
126.4
119.0
114.2
104.1
94.9
88.3
82.7
77.7
77.5
DYN HT
(J/KG)
5.131
5.549
5.944
6.321
6.681
7.033
7.710
8.356
8.971
9.554
10.645
11.635
12.551
13.406
14.206
14.252
Temperature, Salinity
Temperature, Salinity
F
4
1
200
6
.
1,
34
33
32
31
35
8
10
12
14
16
18
1
I
I
I
I
I
20
31
22
4
33
32
6
8
10
12
I
I
34
14
LI
35
16
18
I
I
20
100 J
-
200
Z7
4)
co
U)
) 300
800 J
1000
-
-ice
500
.
23
400
24
25
26
27
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
Sigma-theta
Station 16
--T
26
27
16 CR-7
LAT: 41 54.0 N
LONG: 125
29 AUG 1994
DEPTH 850
0641 GMT
STA:
P
T
(DB)
(C)
2
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
18.545
18.546
18.439
16.051
14.808
13.305
11.943
11.585
10.843
10.079
9.486
8.892
8.824
8.460
8.307
8.163
S
POT T
(C)
32.208
32.209
32.245
32.519
32.621
32.690
32.818
32.834
32.869
32.966
33.105
33.253
33.329
33.439
33.551
33.620
18.545
18.544
18.435
16.046
14.802
13.298
11.936
11.577
10.833
10.069
9.475
8.881
8.812
8.446
8.293
8.148
SIGMA
THETA
23.003
23.004
23.058
SVA
(CL/T)
485.3
485.5
480.6
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.097
0.485
0.969
23.831
24.181
407.1
1.401
373.9
339.4
305.0
297.7
282.7
1.790
2.147
2.462
2.765
3.055
3.330
3.584
3.819
4.039
4.249
4.447
4.637
24.546
24.907
24.986
25.146
25.353
25.559
25.769
25.839
25.982
26.093
26.169
263.1
243.5
223.7
217.2
203.8
193.4
186.3
P
T
(DB)
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
(C)
400
450
500
600
700
800
811
7.920
7.437
7.291
7.032
6.928
6.565
6.165
5.843
5.251
5.048
4.628
4.329
4.213
4.186
0.1 W
S
POT T
(C)
33.739
33.838
33.896
33.904
33.932
33.951
33.985
34.050
34.057
34.119
34.191
34.268
34.318
34.330
7.903
7.418
7.270
7.009
6.903
6.539
6.135
5.809
5.215
5.008
4.582
4.276
4.153
4.124
SIGMA
THETA
26.298
26.446
26.512
26.555
26.591
26.654
26.734
26.826
26.903
26.976
27.081
27.175
27.227
27.241
SVA
(CL/T)
174.4
160.7
154.8
151.0
147.9
142.0
134.9
126.6
119.4
112.9
103.5
95.3
91.2
90.0
DYN HT
(J/KG)
5.092
5.511
5.907
6.290
6.664
7.026
7.719
8.372
8.988
9.570
10.653
11.651
12.585
12.685
Temperature, Salinity
4
I
33
32
31
6
1
I
8
I
Temperature, Salinity
34
32
31
35
33
34
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
200 -
100 J
800
400 -
35
20
18
I
I
,__
I
L
1000
500 +
1
23
24
25
26
27
23
Sigma-theta
24
25
Sigma-theta
Station 17
26
I
27
STA: 17
CR-6
LAT: 41
29 AUG 1994
0844 GMT
P
(DB)
2
10
00
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
T
(C)
18.451
18.460
18.459
18.260
15.240
13.025
11.313
10.545
10.011
9.497
9.208
8.852
8.780
8.460
8.295
8.193
S
32.320
32.320
32.320
32.327
32.487
32.596
32.728
32.865
32.967
33.083
33.194
33.290
33.615
33.723
33.766
33.776
POT T
(C)
18.451
18.459
18.456
18.255
15.234
13.019
11.306
10.537
10.002
9.487
9.198
8.840
8.767
8.447
8.281
8.178
SIGMA
THETA
23.112
23.110
23.110
23.165
23.985
24.528
24.952
25.195
25.365
25.540
25.673
25.805
26.071
26.205
26.263
26.286
SVA
(CL/T)
474.9
475.4
475.6
470.7
392.6
341.0
300.7
277.8
261.7
245.2
232.7
220.3
195.3
182.7
177.3
175.2
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.095
0.475
0.951
1.425
1.867
2.234
2.555
2.845
3.113
3.367
3.605
3.830
4.040
4.228
4.408
4.584
54.0 N
LONG: 124 48.5 W
DEPTH
P
T
(DB)
175
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
600
690
(C)
7.563
7.370
7.163
6.858
6.503
6.263
5.716
5.571
5.389
5.157
4.640
4.541
705
S
SVA
(CL/T)
165.0
DYN HT
(J/KG)
7.546
SIGMA
THETA
26.396
7.351
26.451
160.1
7.142
6.835
6.478
6.236
5.686
5.538
5.352
5.117
4.593
4.488
26.520
26.592
26.652
26.697
26.788
153.9
147.4
141.8
137.8
129.5
125.9
121.9
115.4
104.2
98.9
5.418
5.812
6.189
POT T
(C)
33.798
33.833
33.884
33.921
33.938
33.955
33.983
34.014
34.046
34.103
34.185
34.251
26.831
26.878
26.951
27.075
27.139
5.011
6.551
6.901
7.570
8.208
8.826
9.420
10.518
11.423
Temperature, Salinity
4
I
200
6
1
I
10
8
1
I
34
33
32
31
1
12
I
Temperature, Salinity
1
14
16
I
I
18
I
20
I
32
31
35
4
22
0
I
J
6
1
I
33
10
8
I
1
I
12
1
I
34
14
I
35
16
1
I
20
18
1
I
1
L
-
400 -
600
-
1
800
-
1000
500
I
23
24
25
26
27
23
I
24
I
I
I
25
Sigma-theta
Sigma-theta
Station 18
I
26
I
27
STA: 18
CR-5 LAT: 41
29 AUG 1994
1017 GMT
P
T
(DB)
(C)
3
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
16.764
16.659
16.285
15.030
12.286
11.004
9.889
9.783
9.719
8.996
8.383
8.007
7.768
7.742
7.662
7.648
S
POT T
(C)
32.330
32.331
32.355
32.486
32.526
32.503
32.767
33.162
33.378
33.571
33.663
33.698
33.748
33.802
33.838
33.869
16.763
16.657
16.282
15.025
12.281
10.998
9.882
9.775
9.710
8.986
8.373
7.997
7.756
7.730
7.648
7.634
SIGMA
THETA
23.522
23.547
23.651
24.030
24.616
24.833
25.229
25.555
25.734
26.002
26.169
26.252
26.326
26.373
26.413
26.439
SVA
(CUT)
435.8
433.5
424.0
388.1
332.3
311.8
274.2
243.4
226.6
201.3
185.5
177.7
170.8
166.5
162.9
160.6
DYN HT
(J/KG)
54.0 N
P
T
(DB)
(C)
0./31/75
0.435
0.864
1.266
1.628
1.951
2.243
2.507
2.740
2.953
3.148
3.328
3.502
3.671
3.835
3.997
LONG: 124 42.0 W
DEPTH
200
225
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
600
651
7.670
7.481
7.292
6.930
6.679
6.466
5.906
5.831
5.429
5.335
4.948
4.599
662
S
POT T
(C)
33.956
33.978
33.989
33.980
33.972
33.973
33.962
34.025
34.034
34.067
34.145
34.210
7.653
7.462
7.270
6.907
6.654
6.439
5.876
5.797
5.392
5.295
4.900
4.549
SIGMA
THETA
26.505
26.550
26.586
26.628
26.656
26.685
26.748
26.808
26.864
26.901
27.009
27.099
SVA
(CUT)
154.8
DYN HT
(J/KG)
150.9
147.8
144.0
141.6
4.772
5.145
5.510
5.866
6.217
6.899
7.552
8.182
8.790
9.946
10.495
139.1
133.4
128.4
123.3
120.3
110.8
102.3
4.391
Temperature, Salinity
4
01
33
32
31
6
,
8
10
14
12
,
I
35
34
16
20
18
.
I
I
500
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
19 CR-4
LAT: 41 54.0 N LONG: 124 36.1 W
29 AUG 1994
DEPTH 510
1138 GMT
STA:
P
T
(DB)
(C)
3
13.464
10
13.473
20
13.391
30
13.081
11.436
40
10.350
50
60
10.033
70
9.495
80
8.304
8.288
90
100
8.265
110
8.024
7.894
120
130
7.902
140
7.859
150
7.813
175
7.700
200
7.618
225
7.376
250
7.300
275
7.143
300
7.125
350
6.860
400
6.416
450
5.961
500
5.443
502
5.437
S
32.814
32.813
32.822
32.848
32.938
33.145
33.396
33.508
33.664
33.790
33.798
33.821
33.874
33.910
33.938
33.949
33.976
33.998
34.006
34.022
34.029
34.031
34.052
34.083
34.077
34.094
34.097
POT T
(C)
13.463
13.472
13.388
13.077
11.43 1
10.344
10.02 6
9.48 7
8.29 6
8.27 9
8.25 5
8.01 3
7.88 2
7.88 9
7.845
7.79 8
7.68 3
7.59 8
7.35 4
7.27 7
7.11 7
7.09 7
6.82 8
6.38 1
5.92 2
5.40 1
5.39 6
SIGMA
THETA
24.609
24.606
24.630
24.711
25.093
25.446
25.695
25.872
26.181
26.283
26.292
26.346
26.407
26.434
26.463
26.1479
26.516
26.546
26.587
26.510
26.638
26.642
26.696
26.779
26.833
26.910
26.913
SVA
(CUT)
332.1
332.6
330.6
323.0
286.8
253.4
229.9
213.2
183.9
174.5
173.8
168.8
163.2
160.8
158.2
156.9
153.7
151.3
147.7
145.9
143.6
143.6
139.1
131.6
126.8
119.5
119.3
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.100
0.333
0.663
0.989
1.293
1.562
1.804
2.025
2.223
2.401
2.575
2.746
2.911
3.073
3.233
3.390
3.778
4.160
4.535
4.902
5.264
5.622
6.328
7.002
7.644
8.263
8.287
Temperature, Salinity
4
0 -l
33
32
31
6
.
I
10
8
1
I
.
I
34
12
.
I
14
.
I
18
16
.
I
35
20
.
I
STA: 20
CR-3
LAT: 41
29 AUG 1994
1257 GMT
.
P
T
(DB)
(C)
3
11.561
10
11.339
20
10.897
30
10.707
40
10.221
50
9.421
60
9.114
70
8.687
80
8.544
90
8.424
100
8.346
110
8.201
120
8.145
130
8.128
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
S
33.196
33.216
33.277
33.287
33.317
33.415
33.524
33.655
33.701
33.775
33.823
33.845
33.874
33.880
54.1 N LONG: 124 30.1 W
POT T
(C)
11.561
11.338
10.895
10.704
10.216
9.416
9.107
8.679
8.536
8.415
8.336
8.190
8.133
8.115
DEPTH
SIGMA
THETA
25.270
25.326
25.453
25.494
25.602
25.811
25.946
26.115
26.173
26.250
26.299
26.339
26.370
26.378
137
SVA
(CL/T)
269.1
264.0
252.1
248.4
238.4
218.6
206.0
190.1
184.7
177.7
173.1
169.5
166.7
166.2
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.081
0.269
0.524
0.775
1.019
1.247
1.459
1.656
1.842
2.022
2.197
2.369
2.537
2.703
Temperature, Salinity
32
2
34
33
4
6
8
10
35
12
14
36
16
18
STA: 21
CR-2
LAT: 41
29 AUG 1994
1354 GMT
P
T
(DB)
(C)
3
12.600
10
10.795
20
10.395
30
9.471
40
8.579
50
8.423
60
8.377
61
100
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
8.373
S
54.0 N
POT T
(C)
33.335
33.514
33.540
33.583
33.707
33.756
33.770
33.770
12.600
10.794
10.393
9.467
8.575
8.418
8.371
8.367
LONG: 124 24.0 W
DEPTH
SIGMA
THETA
25.183
25.656
25.746
25.934
26.172
26.234
26.252
26.254
70
SVA
(CL/T)
277.5
232.6
224.3
206.6
184.1
178.3
176.8
176.7
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.083
0.257
0.487
0.702
0.895
1.076
1.254
1.271
Temperature, Salinity
2
0
34
33
32
4
I
6
.
I
10
8
.
I
35
.
I
12
.
I
14
.
I
16
.
I
36
STA: 22
18
29 AUG 1994
J
P
T
(DB)
(C)
12.221
3
10
10.668
20
9.687
30
9.013
35
8.549
100
I
23
I
24
I
I
I
25
Sigma-theta
I
26
I
27
LAT:
CR-1
41
54.0 N LONG: 124 18.0 W
1444 GMT
S
POT T
33.217
(C)
12.221
33.201
33.242
33.330
33.544
10.667
9.685
9.010
8.545
DEPTH
SIGMA
THETA
25.163
25.434
25.632
25.809
26.049
41
SVA
(CL/T)
279.3
253.7
235.1
218.4
195.7
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.084
0.272
0.514
0.740
0.843
Temperature, Salinity
34
33
32
4
2
10
8
6
35
12
16
14
36
STA: 23
18
29 AUG 1994
0
P
(DB)
T
2
(C)
11.671
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
85
8.836
8.773
8.637
8.533
8.425
8.364
8.338
8.316
10/0./66
Before Tow 5
100
1
23
,
1
'
24
1
'
1
I
1
'
25
Sigma-theta
1
'
26
1
27
41 54.0 N
1604 GMT
LAT:
S
33.384
33.376
33.635
33.651
33.688
33.710
33.753
33.773
33.794
33.794
POT T
(C)
11.671
10.165
8.834
8.770
8.632
8.527
8.419
8.357
8.330
8.307
LONG: 124 26.8 W
DEPTH
SIGMA
THETA
25.396
25.657
26.076
26.098
26.149
26.182
26.232
26.257
26.278
26.281
94
SVA
(CL/T)
257.1
232.5
192.9
190.9
186.3
183.3
178.7
176.5
174.8
174.5
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.051
0.250
0.455
0.647
0.836
1.021
1.201
1.380
1.555
1.642
Temperature, Salinity
2
34
33
32
4
6
8
10
35
12
14
16
36
STA: 24
LAT:
18
01 SEP 1994
0358 GMT
P
T
(DB)
3
(C)
13.108
10
11.851
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
92
10.817
9.153
8.395
8.183
8.045
7.948
8.018
8.052
8.049
After Tow 5
100
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
S
43 29.8 N
POT T
(C)
32.576
32.798
32.981
33.150
33.316
33.433
33.543
13.107
11.850
10.815
9.149
8.391
8.178
8.039
33.621
7.941
33.739
33.786
33.789
8.010
8.043
8.040
LONG: 124 22.3 W
DEPTH
SIGMA
THETA
24.495
24.908
25.237
25.647
25.894
26.018
26.124
26.200
26.283
26.314
26.317
102
SVA
(CL/T)
342.9
303.8
272.7
233.8
210.5
198.9
188.9
181.9
174.3
171.4
171.2
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.103
0.327
0.615
0.866
1.085
1.290
1.482
1.668
1.845
2.018
2.053
Temperature, Salinity
32
2
0
1
4
.
1
6
.
I
35
34
33
10
8
.
I
.
I
14
12
.
(
36
.
I
16
.
'
18
TM-2
LAT: 43
01 SEP 1994
0435 GMT
STA: 25
.
P
T
(DB)
(C)
2
13.602
10
12.524
20
10.561
30
8.933
40
8.270
50
8.071
60
8.045
70
8.064
80
8.062
90
8.046
100
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
S
32.585
32.730
33.014
33.193
33.404
33.527
33.601
33.685
33.766
33.791
29.9 N LONG: 124 21.0 W
POT T
(C)
13.602
12.523
10.559
8.930
8.266
8.066
8.039
8.057
8.054
8.037
DEPTH
SIGMA
THETA
24.403
24.728
25.307
25.715
25.981
26.107
26.170
26.233
26.297
26.319
98
SVA
(CUT)
351.7
320.9
266.0
227.4
202.2
190.4
184.6
178.8
172.9
171.0
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.070
0.345
0.631
0.878
1.089
1.285
1.472
1.654
1.830
2.001
Temperature, Salinity
4
2
6
35
34
33
32
8
10
12
14
16
36
STA: 26
18
01 SEP 1994
P
T
(DB)
(C)
1
10
20
30
40
50
55
100
T
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
LAT:
TM-1
12.737
10.892
8.595
8.457
8.340
8.290
8.240
43
30.1 N LONG: 124 18.1 W
0518 GMT
S
32.963
33.019
33.132
33.244
33.355
33.580
33.629
POT T
(C)
12.737
10.890
8.59 3
8.45 4
8.33 6
8.285
8.235
DEPTH
SIGMA
THETA
24.867
25.253
25.719
25.827
25.932
26.116
26.163
62
SVA
(CL/T)
307.4
270.9
226.7
216.6
206.8
189.5
185.2
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.031
0.287
0.532
0.753
0.965
1.163
1.256
Temperature, Salinity
2
0J
4
6
I
I
35
34
33
32
8
I
10
1
12
I
I
14
.
I
16
I
36
STA: 27
18
01 SEP 1994
.
P
T
(DB)
(C)
2
12.153
10/0./56
20
30
40
50
51
100
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
LAT:
AR-1
9.581
8.459
8.420
8.145
8.139
43 20.0 N
0641 GMT
S
32.875
32.915
33.064
33.436
33.610
33.650
33.651
POT T
(C)
12.15 3
10.15 5
9.57 9
8.45 6
8.41 5
8.14 0
8.13 4
LONG: 124 26.1 W
DEPTH
SIGMA
THETA
24.911
25.299
25.510
25.978
26.120
26.193
26.195
57
SVA
(CLli')
303.3
266.6
246.6
202.3
189.0
182.3
182.1
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.061
0.291
0.546
0.777
0.972
1.156
1.174
Temperature, Salinity
32
2
0
34
33
4
I
6
,
I
8
10
35
12
14
,
36
16
18
STA: 28 AR-2 LAT: 43 20.0 N LONG: 124 27.8 W
01 SEP 94
0713 GMT
DEPTH
80
,
P
T
(DB)
(C)
1
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
73
100
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
12.642
12.668
10.790
8.726
8.265
8.084
8.089
8.094
8.095
S
POT T
(C)
32.771
32.862
32.880
33.221
33.405
33.549
33.690
33.705
33.707
12.642
12.666
10.788
8.723
8.261
8.079
8.083
8.088
8.087
SIGMA
THETA
24.737
24.803
25.163
25.769
25.983
26.123
26.233
26.245
26.246
SVA
(CUT)
319.8
313.8
279.7
222.2
202.0
188.9
178.6
177.7
177.7
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.032
0.318
0.607
0.859
1.066
1.262
1.446
1.624
1.677
Temperature, Salinity
2
34
33
32
4
I
1
35
6
8
10
12
14
I
I
I
I
I
16
36
STA: 29
18
01 SEP 1994
I
P
10
20
30
36
6
30
40 1
50 1
60 1
70 1
80 1
90 1
100
.
23
T
(DB)
(C)
2
10.726
10 J
20
FM-1
I
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
9.797
9.359
9.204
9.187
LAT:
43 13.1 N LONG: 124 26.4 W
0822 GMT
S
POT T
(C)
33.170
33.412
33.543
33.587
10.726
9.796
9.357
33.591
9.183
9.201
DEPTH
SIGMA
THETA
25.400
25.747
25.921
25.980
25.986
40
SVA
(CL/T)
256.8
224.0
207.6
202.2
201.7
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.051
0.252
0.467
0.670
0.791
Temperature, Salinity
2
34
33
32
4
6
8
10
35
12
14
36
16
18
STA: 30
FM-3
LAT: 43 13.1 N LONG: 124 30.0 W
01 SEP 1994
0856 GMT
DEPTH
65
P
T
(DB)
(C)
2
10
10.890
10.245
9.825
9.093
8.527
8.435
20
30
40
50
100
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
S
POT T
(C)
32.964
33.060
33.101
33.485
33.619
33.647
10.89 0
10.244
9.822
9.09 0
8.523
8.430
SIGMA
THETA
25.210
25.397
25.500
25.918
26.111
26.148
SVA
(CUT)
274.8
257.2
247.7
208.1
189.9
186.6
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.055
0.271
0.523
0.749
0.946
1.135
Temperature, Salinity
32
33
4
2
01
,
I
,I
34
6
10
8
,
I
35
.
I
I ,, I
12
,
36
14
16
18
I_
STA: 31
FM-4
LAT: 43 12.9 N LONG: 124 35.0 W
01 SEP 1994
0944 GMT
DEPTH
85
P
(DB)
1
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
76
100
23
24
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
T
(C)
12.481
12.476
9.876
8.762
8.618
8.321
8.241
8.212
8.210
S
32.735
32.735
32.592
32.710
32.796
33.047
33.249
33.642
33.667
POT T
(C)
12.481
12.475
9.874
8.759
8.614
8.316
8.235
8.205
8.202
SIGMA
THETA
24.740
24.742
25.093
25.363
25.452
25.694
25.864
26.178
26.197
SVA
(CL/T)
319.6
319.6
286.3
260.8
252.5
229.6
213.6
184.1
182.3
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.032
0.320
0.634
0.907
1.163
1.408
1.633
1.831
1.941
Temperature, Salinity
32
31
4
6
8
33
10
12
34
14
16
18
35
20
STA: 32
FM-9
LAT: 43 14.2 N LONG: 125
02 SEP 1994
0442 GMT
DEPTH 1725
P
T
(DB)
(C)
2
10
18.447
18.451
17.682
14.158
12.689
10.790
10.358
9.724
9.217
8.818
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
175
200
225
250
25
Sigma-theta
26
27
31.953
31.953
32.068
32.367
32.453
32.491
8.500
8.397
8.372
8.119
7.906
7.623
7.571
33.931
7.372
33.938
33.948
8.551
7.131
POT T
(C)
32.634
32.684
32.915
33.072
33.156
33.305
33.434
33.465
33.639
33.738
33.849
After Tow 6
24
S
18.446
18.449
17.679
14.154
12.684
10.785
SIGMA
THETA
22.832
22.831
23.106
24.122
24.482
24.861
10.351
25.646
9.716
9.209
8.809
25.191
8.489
8.385
8.359
8.105
25.453
25.639
25.146
25.870
25.087
26.015
26.190
7.891
26.99
7.606
7.552
26.428
26.500
26.534
26.576
8.541
7.351
7.108
SVA
(CUT)
501.6
502.0
476.0
379.2
345.1
309.1
291.6
277.9
253.2
235.7
225.6
214.0
203.1
200.6
184.2
173.9
162.1
155.6
152.7
149.1
9.9 W
DYN HT
(J/KG)
0.100
0.502
1.000
1.418
1.783
2.106
2.408
2.691
2.956
3.202
3.433
3.651
3.862
4.064
4.256
4.434
4.856
5.253
5.639
6.015
Maps of Temperature, Salinity, at and Dynamic Topography
75
T (°U) at 5 War
.8'
9
11 12 13,14
25-30 August 1994
16 17 18 19
ci = 1.0
1000
5:0
44.0
:44.0 -
43.5 -
z°
43.0
/P 1 l ` 1w
42.0
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
7F
124.5
zz
124.0
i ''
42.0
123.5
T (°C) at 15 dbar
f
VI
I
-
I-
25-30 August 1994
I
'I
I
Newpo
44.5
.44.5
1
III
78
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1.8 10
ci = 1.0
50
44.0
44.0
43.5-I
43.5
z
0
43.0
42.5
42.0 -
41.5
126.5
42.0
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
77
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
T (°C) at 25 dbar
I
- 11;
I
..i
I
i
.
i
r1
25-30 August 1994
I
I
'Newport
,
44.5 -7
y
8.
-9
10 11 12 13 14 15 1.6.17181.9
ci=1.O
z
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
78
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
T (°C) at 50 dbar
25-30 August 1994
I
44.5-
f 44.5
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
ci = 1.0
44.0 -
43.5 -
z
0
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
79
124.5
124.0
123.5
T (°C) at 75 dbar
rt
I.
ids
r
,r;
25-30 August 1994
ui
Newport
44.5
i`
7
71
8
1;
r
7-44.5
1
r
V
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19,
ci = 1.0
44.0
- 44,.0
43.5
43:5
Coos Bay
-
z°
a)
43.0
42.5
42.0
41.5
126.5
- 42.0
41.5.
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
80
124.5
124.0
123.5
T (°C) at 100 dbar
25-30 August 1994
44.5
44.0
43.5
43.0
42.5
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
81
124.5
124.0
123.5
T (°C) at 115 dbar
25-30 August 1994
1_
InI
t
Newport
44.5
.44.5 -1
'7
8
9.
10 1`1 12 1371.4 1.5 1,6 17 18 19:
ci = 1.0
200
50
44.0
43.5
z
0
43.0
cu 43.0
42.5
42.0
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
97
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
S at 5 dbar
25-30 August 1994
44.5
44.E
ci = 0.2
44.0
44.C
43.5
43.5
cz 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
z°
a
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
RI
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
S at 15 dbar
25-30 August 1994
44.5
44.0
43.5
z
0
42.5
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
RA
124.5
124.0
123.5
5 at 25 dbar
25-30 August 1994
44.5
44.0
43.5
z
0
I,a)
43.0
42.5
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
RS
124.5
124.0
123.91
S at 50 dbar
25-30 August 1994
J
44.5
44.5
ci=0.2
200
1000
44.0
44.0
43.5
z°
42.5
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
86
124.5
124.0
123.5
S at 75 War
25-30 August 1994
44.5
44.5
34
ci = 0.2
44.0
43.5
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
R7
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
S at 100 dbar
25-30 August 1994
44.5
44.E
44.0
44.C
43.5
43.E
cz 43.0
43. C
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.C
z
0
a
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
RR
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
S at 115 dbar
25-30 August 1994
I.
i
Newport
r
44.5 -
H 44.5
34-
33
32
E
ci = 0.2
I
200
r.:
1000
50
44.0-
44.0
I
43.5
.43.5
z°
.1
Jil
43.0
42.5
4
-'= 42.0
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
89,
124.5
124.0
123.5
at (kg/rn3) at 5 dbar
25-30 August 1994
Lt-'
r.
!
it
r
I.
,i
r
(
r
8' +vpo
44,5 -
rJi
11 -i'
26:
4:- 44.5
.
i
i
25
I
a
d
23
24.
.ci=1.0
z°
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
90
124.5
124.0.,
41.5
123.5
at (kg/rn3) at 15 dbar
25-30 August 1994
Newport
P
44.5
I- .44.5.
26
25
23
24
ci=1.0
50 '
44.0,
43.5 =
z°
43.0
42.5
42...0,
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
91
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
6t (kg/m3) at 25 dbar
25-30 August 1994
44.5
26
ci = 1.0
44.0
44.0
43.5
43.5
co 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
z°
a)
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
92
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
I
44.0
I
O
44.5
43.5
I
Un
25-30 August 1994
p
W
-41
Ln
at (kg/rn3) at 50 dbar
z
0
a>
I
43.0
I
Ln
42.5
42.0
I
-Al
N
I
cz 43.0
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
93
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
at (kg/rn3) at 75 dbar
25-30 August 1994
44.5
44.0
43.5
z
a
a>
4cis
43.0
42.5
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
94
124.5
124.0
123.5
at (kg/rn3) at 100 dbar
25-30 August 1994
44.5
26
25
24
23
50
44.0
43.5
Z
°
42.5
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
95
124.5
124.0
123.5
at (kg/ma) at 115 dbar
25-30 August 1994
44.5
44.5
26
25
23
24
ci = 1.0
44.0
44.0
43.5
43.5
co 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
z°
CD
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
96
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
Dynamic Height at 5 dbar
25-30 August 1994
Nel molt
44:5
f
4 44.5
i
1
1
1
1
`
1.5
1'.0
1
I
i
2.0
2.5
3.0
r Irl
ii
3.5.
'reference layer at 1010 dbar
ea=0.1
a
)200
1,000
50
.44.0
-44.0
I
43.5
43.5
I
z°
43.0
43.,0.
42.5
4-42.5
42.0-'
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
97
124.5
124.0
123.5
25-30 August 1994
Dynamic Height at 15 dbar
44.5 -
44.5
reference layer at 100 dbar
ci = 0.1
44.0
44.0
43.5 -
43.5
z°
a)
cz 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0 -
42.0
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
98
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
Dynamic Height at 25 dbar
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
25-30 August 1994
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
44.5
44.5
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
reference layer at 100 dbar
/
ci = 0.1
/
I
2.4
44.0
44.0
43.5
43.5
z°
N
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
99
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
25-30 August 1994
Dynamic Height at 50 War
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.9
1.2
reference layer at 100 dbar
ci =.0.1
i
44.5
1.5
50
44.0
44.0
43.5: -
Bay
X43.0'.
43,.0.
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
inn
124.5
124.0
123.5
Dynamic Height at 75 dbar
25-30 August 1994
e po
ti
-
.H
L 44:5
44.5 -I
1
0.4
0.6
0.5
0,7'
reference' layer at. 100 dba'r
ci =.0.1
44.0
J
-43.5'
4
43.5.
Coos Bay
43.0
42.5.
-
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
101
124.5
124.0
T (°C) at 5 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.5 -
44.5
7
8
9 10111213 141516171819
ci=1.0
200
1
44.0 -
44.0
43.5 -
43.5
z°
a)
a 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
1(7
42.0
42.0
/
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
102
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
T (°G) at 15 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
-
43.5 -;'
(=` Hfl=
.
VV/
r
44.6-
43.5
Coos Bay
z°
\\l
42.5
42.5
,41 .5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
In;
124.5
124.0
123.5
T (°C) at 25 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
z°
43.0
i
I
126.5
126.0
I
.
iI-rte
125.5
i
.Ii '
125.0
longitude (°W)
104
i
i
I
I
. IIII 1
124.5
124.0
i
1
41.5
123.5
("G) at 50 abar
I
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.5
44.5
78
9 10 11 12131415 16171819
ci = 1.0
1
44.0
44.0
I
43.5
z
0
I
43.5
a)
cz 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
Ins
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
T (°C) at 75 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
I
i
I
- Vewpo
-
44.5 -
44.5:
7
'8
9
1,0 11 12 13 1.415- 1-6 17 18 19
ci=1..0
200
3a
5b
'
44.0-
44.0.
-4-3.5
Coos Bay
z°
43.0
t
42.5
42-:5
- 42. Q
L
41
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
106
124.5
124.0
- 41.5
123.5
T (°C) at 100 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.5
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
ci = 1.0
1000
50
44.0
43.5
Z
0
aa)
cu 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.5
126.5
41.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
107
124.5
124.0
123.E
29-August to 2-yep 1994
(" (:) at 115 dbar
I
44.5 -
44.E
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
/
ci = 1.0
200
50
44.0 -
44.C
)
43.5 -
43.5
z
a)
43.0
co 43.0
42.5 -
42.5
42.0 -
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
ins
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
S at 5 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.5 -
44.5
ci = 0.2
1
50
44.0 -
44.0
43.5 -
43.5
z°
I,a)
ca 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
420
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
109
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
S at 15 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.5
44.5
ci = 0.2
44.0
44.0
43.5 -
43.5
z°
a)
cz 43.0
43.0
42.5 -
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
110
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
S at 25 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.5
34
ci = 0.2
ii
44.0
43.5
z°
43.0
42.5
42.5
/
42.0
41.5
126.5
42.0
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
111
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
S at 50 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44
.44.5
34
33'
32
ci=0.2'
43;5
z°
42.5
42.0
-
44"
.41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
112
124.5
124.0
42.0
41.5
123.5
S at 75 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.i
F- 44.5
z
0
41.5
126.5
.II '
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
ill
,
IrLT
124.5
77, 41.5
124.0
123.5
S at 100 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.5 -
44.5
ci=0.2
44.0 -
44.0
43.5 -
z°
43.0
42.5 -
42.5
42.0 -
42.0
N
41.5—
126.5
I
I
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
114
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
S at 115 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.5
44.5
34
//
ci = 0.2
200
50
44.0
44.0
43.5
43.5
z°
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
115
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
at (kg/rn3) at 5 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.5
44.5
26
25
24
23
ci = 0.2
44.0
44.0
43.5
43.5
cz 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
z°
4)
/
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
116
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
(Tt
(kg/m3) at 15 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
j
44.5
44.5
ci = 0.2
50
44.0
44.0
43.5
43.5
43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
z°
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
117
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
6t (kg/rn3) at 25 dbar
44.5
44.5
ci = 0.2
44.0
44.0
43.5
43.5
co 43.0
43.0
42.5'
42.5
42.0
42.0
z°
a)
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
118
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
at (kg/ms) at 50 dbar
29-August to 2-Sop 1994
i
I
t'
I
Newport
44.5-
44. E
26
25
23
24
ci=0.2
20Q
1000
)
44.0--
50
44. C
43.5
43.5
Coos Bay
z
D
a
4-cz
43.0
43.0
r
42.5
42.5
42.0 --I
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
119
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
at (kg/rn3) at 75 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.5
44.5
ci=O.2
200
1000
44.0
44.0
)
\
43.5
43.5
z°
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
120
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
at (kg/m3) at 100 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
Newport
44 5. -I
44.5
77
E.
1
26
25
ci=0.2
24
23
I
200
1000
4
50
44.0
43.5
Coos Bay
z°
43.0
42.5
42.0
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
121
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
6t (kg/m3) at 115 dbar
II
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
,
Newport
44.5. -!
44.5
26
25
23
24
C;i =,0.2
I-
50
44.0
.43.5
43.5
Coos, Bay
z°
43.0
42.5 -
42.5
Oregon
42.0-i
42.0
California
41.5
126.5
I
126.0
I
I
,
125.5
,
I
,
',
125.0
longitude (°W)
122
I
I
---
124.5
f
`-
I
I
124.0
I
I
I
41.5
123.5
I
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
Dynamic Height at 5 dbar
I
44.5
1.5
1.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
reference layer at 100 dbar
ci = 0.1
I
I
I
I
44.5
44.0
I
44.0
43.5
...V.....
I
43.5
z°
43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.5
41.5
—
—
-, — —. .11
-
—
..0-
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
-
123
124.5
124.0
123.5
Dynamic Height at 15 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
44.5
1.0
0.5
1.5
2.0
2.5
I
reference layer at 100 dbar
ci = 0.1
3.0
200
1 000
50
44.0
43.5
z°
a)
cz 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.0
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
124
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
Dynamic Height at 25 dbar
44.5
reference layer at 100 dbar
ci = 0.1
44.0
43.5
43.5
z°
N
I,a)
A 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.5
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
125
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
Dynamic Height at 50 dbar
44.5
reference layer at 100 dbar
ci = 0.1
44.0
43.5
z°
a>
m43.0
43.0
42.5
42.0
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
126
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
Dynamic Height at 75 dbar
29-August to 2-Sep 1994
HI
44.5
NewpoA
44.5
Is
0.4
0.5
.0.7
0.6
T
I CICI GI IUG IceyCi at I VV. Uucll
c'=0.1
44.0
43.5
Coos Bay
z
°
a)
co 43.0
43.0
42.5
42.0
126.5
126.0
125.5
125.0
longitude (°W)
127
124.5
124.0
41.5
123.5
128
Vertical Sections of Temperature, Salinity and at
129
Line a
Temperature (°C)
44.42 N
-125.00 E
44.65 N
-124.69 E
01
Location
0
.{I
4
43
42
-126 -125 -124
150
30
20
10
Distance (km)
0
Temperature (°C)
Line bO
44.41 N
-125.00 E
44.32 N
-125.00 E
Location
0
4
C
to
V..
C
to
42
-126 -125 -124
C
0
0
0
C
IL)
0
to
10
0
Distance (km)
Line b
Temperature (°C)
Latitude (N)
43.9
Location
4
43
Q5
42
-126 -125 -124
CD
(D
OO L -
051
I'
I
,oo
40
Distance (km)
50
I
09
r.
It.
OL
08'
Temperature (°C)
Line c
-124.9
Longitude (E)
-124.8
-124.7
Location
0
0
4
0
U)
42
-126 -125 -124
I
C)
I
I
0
0
I
jil
I
I
I
I
0
U)
—
20
10
Distance (km)
Temperature (°C)
Line 00-01
43.36 N
-125.16 E
43.21 N
-125.16 E
Location
4
43
42
05
09
; Ao
-126 -125 -124
OOL
I
l
I
I
001
If'I
IrI
091
091
10
Distance (km)
0
Line 01
-125.1
-125.0
-124.9
Temperature (°C)
Longitude (E)
-124.8
-124.7
-124.6
-124.5
-1244
Location
0
4
4C
09
09
-126 -125 -124
ON
00I.
05l
150
40
30
Distance (km)
Line 01-02
Temperature (°C)
43.33 N
43.22 N
-124.60 E 1_24.60 E
0t_-1,
to
Location
-0
j'-n
4
42
50
-126 -125 -124
100
150
10
0
Distance (km)
Line 02
-124.9
Longitude (E)
-124.8
-124.7
-124.6
-124.5
-124.4
Location
4
II
-126 -125 -124
09 L.
-125.0
1
-125.1
Temperature (°C)
40
30
Distance (km)
Line 02-03
Temperature (°C)
43.21 N
-125.19 E
Location
C
L
0
LU
40
0
10
-126 -125 -124
C
00
LU
0
LU
10
Distance (km)
0
Line 03
Longitude (E)
-124.9
-124.8
-125.0
-125.1
Temperature (°C)
-124.7
-124.6
-124.5
Location
0
)
0LU
:'.•••
0
LU
-126 -125 -124
0
0
0
0
0
LU
0
LU
30
Distance (km)
0
0
LU
0
(0
40
Line 03-04
Temperature (°C)
42.88 N
-124.67 E
Location
4
42
--126 -125 -124
10
Distance (km)
0
Line 04
Temperature (°C)
43.11 N
-125.34:E
Location
44
43
50
42
50
-126 -125 -124
150
70
60
50
40
30
Distance (km)
20
10
0
Line 04-05
Temperature (°C)
43.12
-125.34 E
43.21 N
-125.14 E
Location
0
0
LU
.0
0
LU
-126 -125 -124
00
0
0
0
LU
0
LU
10
Distance (km)
0
Line 05
Temperature (°C)
43.21 N
-125.14 E
Location
44
43
42
50
-126 -125 -124
100
1:50
40
30
Distance (km)
20
Line 05-06
-125.0
Temperature (°C)
Longitude (E)
-124.9
-124.8
Location
4
42
0
42
-126 -125 -124
C
0
C
U,
10
Distance (km)
0
Line 06
Temperature (°C)
43.10 N
-125.34 E
42.68 N.
-125.0.1 E
T-0
Location
4
IQ
-126 -125 -124
100
150
40
30
20
Distance (km)
10
0
Line 06-07
Temperature (°C)
43.10 N
-125.34 E
Location
I
-126 -125 -124
20
10
Distance (km)
0
Line 07
Temperature (°C)
Location
4
42
42
-126 -125 -124
100
100
150
50
40
30
20
Distance (km)
10
0
Line 07-08
Temperature (°C)
42.49 N
-125.39 E
Location
a
4
a
to
a
to
42
-126 -125 -124
a
0
--.-.__
a
a
a
to
a
to
10
Distance (km)
0
Line 08
Temperature (°C)
42.49 N
-125.39 E
42.90 N
-125.71 E
Location
44
43
-126 -125 -124
150 --rr --:T,1
`50
40
20
30
Distance (km)
la
Line 09
Temperature (°C)
mZ
Location
0
4
0
01
0
01
42
oct
(dbars) Pressure
-126 -125 -124
0
0
0
0
0
(77
0
01
-s
0
0
0
0
01
30
20
Distance (km)
Line 10
Temperature (°C)
Location
I
I
-126 -125 -124
50
40
30
20
Distance (km)
10
0
Line 11
Temperature (°C)
41.90 ;
-126.33 E
42.39 N
-125.72 E
Location
I
0
0
0
LU
0
LU
-126 -125 -124
0
0
0
0
0
LU
0
LU
0
0
0
0
LU
0
CO
0
40
30
Distance (km)
Line 12
-126.3
Temperature (°C)
Longitude (E)
-126.1
-126.0
-125.9
-126.2
-125.8
-125.7
Location
0
0
4
0
U,
42
-126 -125 -124
'o
o
2
0
0
0
0
LID
0
0
0
0
LU
30
20
Distance (km)
Line 13
43.2
43.1
43.0
42.9
42.8
42.7
Temperature (°C)
Latitude (N)
42.6 42.5 42.4
42.3
42.2
42.1
42.0
41.9
Location
50
-r
43
100 42
100
-126.0125.0124.0
200
o.
xn
OZ
oc,
-Of
09
150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60
Distance (km)
0
(km) Distance
20 30 40
10
05Z
O9Z
00£
oos
I
ON
{,
+
ON
-126.0125.0124.0
42 100
001.
43
05
05
44
Location
-125.4
-125.2
-125.6
(E) tude Long
{
14 Line
(°C) Temperature
Line 15
43.2
43.1
43.0
42.9
42.8
42.7
42.6
Temperature (°C)
Lat tude (N)
42.5 42.4 42.3
42.2
42.1
42.0
41.9
41.8
41.7
Location
44
50
43
100 42
-126.0125.0124.0
200
.0l
OZ
0'
Ofi
n5
09
90 80 70
Distance (km)
0
170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100
Line 16
-125.0
-125.1
-124.9
-124.8
Temperature (°C)
Longitude (E)
-124.7
-124.6
-124.5
-124.4
-124.3
Location
V
Ct7
-126 -125 -124
1
0
OL
oz
I
40
30
Distance (km)
..
I
I
I
OL
09
09
Line 16-17
Temperature (°C)
42.07 N
-125.16 E
Location
4
I
4'2
C\J
1—
42
- 50
50
>
-126 -125 -124
:
i—
:.
.
100
100
150
150
10
Distance (km)
0
___I__
41.91 N
-125.16 E
F- 0
Line 17
-125.0
-125.1
-124.9
Temperature (°C)
Longitude (E)
-124.8
-124.7
-124.6
-124.5
-124.4
Location
-126 -125 -124
09
0
oI.
oz
40
30
Distance (km)
09
09
Line 17-18
Temperature (°C)
42.07 N
-124.49 E
Location
II
4
3
43
v
E 4]
t"fad! 42
t
!
-126 -125 -124
1,50
T--
150
10
Distance (km)
0
Line 18
-125.1
-125.0
-124.9
Temperature (°C)
Longitude (E)
-124.8
-124.7
-124.6
-124.5
Location
44
43
42
50^
-126 -125 -124
is 00
150
60
50
40
30
Distance (km)
20
10
0
Temperature (°C)
Line 18-19
42.40 N!
42.25 N
-125.17 E
-125.16 E
Location
0
0
4
42
0
0
U)
42
-126 -125 -124
1
0
0
0
U)
10
Distance (km)
0
Line 19
-125.1
-125.0
-124.9
Temperature (°C)
Longitude (E)
-124.8
-124.7
-124.6
-124.5
Location
C
C
---''—
4
0
[C)
-126 -125 -124
5
0
,
0
C
¶-
C
20
0
0
30
Distance (km)
Line 19-20
Temperature (°C)
42.42 N
-124.63 E
42.57 N
-124.63 E
Location
0
4
42
50
-126 -125 -124
100
150
10
Distance (km)
0
-125.0
-124.9
Longitude (E)
-124.8
-124.7
-124.6
-124.5
-124.4
Location
I
-125.1
Temperature (°C)
I
Line 20
I
4
42
42
50
I
-126 -125 -124
CU
.a
t.A
a)
CO
C)
CL
100
150
40
30
Distance (km)
Line 20-21
Temperature (°C)
42.58 N
-125.17 E
42.74 N
-125.17 E
Location
4
0
42
-126 -125 -124
0
0
0
IC)
10
Distance (km)
0
Temperature (°C)
Line 21
-125.1
-125.0
Long tude (E)
-124.9
-124.8
-124.7
-124.6
-124.5
Location
C
0
-
4
.
'A
i.
0)
0
U)
0
U)
42
..
-126 -125 -124
.'
.
.-
C
0
0
0
—
C
U)
C)
U)
Distance (km)
20
C
0
C
U)
30