VISION
Poudre High School
By:
Ben Kirk
Accessory Structures of the Eye
 Eyelids
(Palpebrae): Windshield
wipers for the eyes.
– Lubricate and remove debri
 Lacrimal
boogers.
Caruncle: Produces night
– Secreted so that the eyelids don’t stick
together.
Accessory Structures of the Eye
 Conjunctiva:
Epithelial layer
continuous with the inner layer of the
eye lid
Accessory Structures of the Eye
 Lacrimal
Apparatus: production,
distribution, and removal of tears
– Lacrimal Gland: Superior and lateral to
the eye
 Releases
tears using tear duct
– Lacrimal Canals: Tube by which tears
are removed from the eye and enter the
Lacrimal Sac
Accessory Structures of the Eye
 Lacrimal
Apparatus:
– Nasolacrimal Duct: Cavity that connects
lacrimal sacs to the nasal cavity
 Swallow
or blow out all lacrimal secretions
Eye Diseases, injuries, etc…
 Sty:
Infection of sebaceous glands of
eyelashes (very painful)
 Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Damage to
and irritation of the conjunctivitis
Anatomy of the Eye
 General
Facts:
– Approximately 1 inch in diameter
– Approximately 8 g in weight
Eye Anatomy
 Posterior/Vitreous
Chamber:
– Filled with vitreous humor (gel like
consistency)
– Used to maintain shape of the eye and
hold retina in place
Eye Anatomy
 Anterior
Chamber:
– Separated from posterior chamber by
iris and cilliary bodies
– Filled with Aqueous Humor (water like
consistency)
– Function: circulation of nutrients and
wastes as well as eyeball
structure/shape
Layers of the Eye
 Fibrous
Tunic: Tough outer layer for
protection and muscle attachment
– Sclera: White of the eye
 Connective
tissue where all extrinsic
muscles attach.
– Cornea: Continuous with sclera
 Fibers
are arranged to allow light passage
(Cornea appears clear)
 No blood vessels, very hard to repair
Layers of the Eye
 Vascular
Tunic: Middle Layer
– Iris: Colored region of the eye
 Muscles
that regulate pupil size
– Pupil: Opening in the center of the iris
– Ciliary Body: Mass of muscle connected
to the lens to change its shape
– Choroid: Layer of blood vessels that
separates the fibrous and neural tunics
posterior to the ciliary bodies.
Layers of the Eye
 Neural
Tunic: The Retina
– Photoreceptors: Rods and Cones
 Rods:
Light detection (night vision)
 Cones: Color Detection
– Fovea: Focal point of all images
 Highest
concentration of cones
– Optic Disk: Where optic nerve and
blood vessels leave the vitreous
chamber
 Blind
Spot
 The
Lens:
– Focuses image on retina
– Physically changes shape
Lens Abnormalities
 Cataracts:
Lens becomes cloudy
 Glaucoma: Increased fluid pressure
inside the eye, pinching the optic
nerve
 Myopia: Nearsightedness
– Eyeball is too deep
 Hyperopia:
Farsightedness
– Eyeball is too shallow
Glaucoma
Myopia
http://www.tehranlasik.com/images/myopia.jpg
Hyperopia
http://www.stlukeseye.com/Conditions/Hyperopia.asp
Masters of Illusion
Focus on the dot and move your head side to side or
forward to back…
How many legs does the
elephant have?
Stare at the black dot and
watch the haze disappear…
Shapes that don’t exist…
What do you see?
The Impossible Trident
Straight or crooked?
Count the Black Dots!!!
Circles or Spirals?
Crooked or Straight?
Optical illusions in shape!
Floating Sphere
Can you make them stop spinning?
Image Credits
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/blckdots.jpg

http://www.is.svitonline.com/malinman/optic/spirkrug.gif

http://www.sapdesignguild.org/resources/optical_illusions/images/couple.gif

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/lines.jpg

http://www.eyesearch.com/optical.vase.gif
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http://www.sackville.ednet.ns.ca/art/gallery/exhibit/draw/Escher,M.C.-Relativity-1953.jpg

http://www.math.technion.ac.il/~rl/M.C.Escher/2/escher-hands.gif

http://www.cbu.edu/~jvarrian/252/eye.gif

http://www.city.ac.uk/colourgroup/spectrum.gif

http://medweb2.bham.ac.uk/image_database/bain/images/229339c.jpg

http://www.eyesearch.com/astigmatism.jpg

http://www.whiteeye.net/images/myopia.jpg

http://www.colorado.edu/epob/epob1220lynch/image/figure6n.jpg

http://www.rktekt.com/ck/im/FineArt/eye.jpg

http://mathworld.wolfram.com/gifs/ouchi.gif
http://www.aetheronline.com/mario/images/Favourite%20Images/Optical%20Illusions/14_jpg.jpg

http://www.mercola.com/2003/sep/27/illusion4.gif

http://members.cox.net/mystic-warrior/mag2.jpg
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