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Work behind the scene Am{U Work with the Readers. `m XmoÝhr
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J«§Wmc` ì`dñWmnZ `m§_Ü`o g§»`mË_H$ Am{U JwUmË_H$ ~Xc Pmcoco AmhoV.
dmMZgm{hË`mMo ~Xccoco ñdê$n Am{U `m AZwf§JmZo dmMH$m§Zm CncãY H$ê$Z
Úmd`mMr _m{hVr, godm `m§Vrc nÕVr_Ü`o (Mode) ~Xc Pmcocm Amho. _m{hVrV§ÌkmZmÀ`m AZwf§JmZo ~XcË`m n[apñWVrV J«§Wmc`rZ H$m_H$mO d XoÊ`mV `oUmè`m
godm§Mr gm§p»`H$s Ro>dUo ho A{YH$ gwc^ Pmcoco Amho. `m gm§p»`H$sÀ`m AmYmao
J«§Wmc` ì`dñWmnH$m§Zm J«§Wmc`rZ CnH«$_ n[aUm_H$maH$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r `mo½` Vr {Xem
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(Commercial) Am{U AmonZ gmogÀ© `m _mÜ`_mVyZ CncãY AmhoV. J«W§ mc`o Amnë`m
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joÌm§_Ü`o Cn`moJ hmoVmZm {XgVmo.
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Ë`mda Cnm``moOZmhr AmIÊ`mV `oVmV. n«Ë`oH$ {Z{_©VrMr Cn`wº$Vm Am{U Ë`mMm
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ñVam§da H$m`©dmhr hmoVmZm {XgyZ `oVo. J«§Wmc` Am{U _m{hVrH|$Ðm§À`m g§X^m©V B_maV
hm ^mJ EHy$UM gwc^ n«emgZ, gmYZgm_J«r Cn`moOZmVrc Cn`wº$Vm Am{U
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 2
n[aUm_H$maH$ godm XoÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV _hÎdnyU© R>aVmo. n`m©daUmer g_Vmoc amIyZ
gmYZm§Mr Cn`mo{JVm dmT>{dUo Am{U J«§Wmc`godm§Mr n[aUm_H$maH$Vm gmYUo `m
g§X^m©Vrc "h[aV J«§Wmc`o' (Green Libraries ) hm {dMma _hÎdmMm Amho.
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`m§Mm coI, AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg© `m {df`mdarc gm¡. AM©Zm JamQo> `m§À`m coI
Am{U do~rZma hm lr_Vr dfm© _wVm{cH$ `m§Mm coI g_m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho.
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coI XoÊ`mV Amcm Amho. AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ n«{H«$`oV _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZmMm _moR>m n«^md
AgVmo. AÜ`mnZ H$aVmZm {ejH$m§Zm _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZmMr H$m¡eë`o AmË_gmV H$aUo
A{Zdm`© Pmcoco Amho. XyañW {ejUnÕVrV _m{hVr-g§n«ofU V§ÌkmZmcm (ICT)
AZÝ`gmYmaU _hÎd Amho . _m{hVr-V§ Ì kmZmMr H$m¡ e ë`o g§ _ § Ì H$m§ Z m
(Counsellors)AmË_gmV H$amdr cmJVmV. g§_̧H$m§Zr g§_ÌU H$aVmZm H$moUVr
H$m¡eë`o AmË_gmV H$amdrV `m g§X^m©V lr. n«_moX I§Xmao `m§Mm g§emoYZmË_H$ coI `m
A§H$mV XoÊ`mV Amcm Amho. `m{edm` J«§Wmc`emñÌmdarc Zì`mZoM n«H$m{eV Pmcoë`m
nwñVH$mMm n[aM`hr H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Amcm Amho.
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 3
B©-_o{Q´>Šg : à_mUHo$ Am{U _mJ©Xe©H$o
S>m°. amO|Ð Hw§$^ma
B©-_o{Q´>Šg åhUOo H$m` Vo gm§{JVbo Amho. B©-_o{Q´>ŠgMr
Amdí`H$Vm ñnï> Ho$br Amho. B©-_o{Q´>Šg J«§Wmb`o Am{U B©gmYZm§À`m àH$meH$m§Zm Am{U {dVaH$m§Zm H$go Cn`wŠV Amho
`m~Ôb g§{já AmT>mdm KoVbm Amho. B©-_o{Q´>Šg g§~§YrÀ`m
à_mUH$m§Mm Am{U _mJ©X{e©H$m§Mm (Guidelines)Mm AmT>mdm
KoVbm Amho.
àmñVm{dH$
J«§Wmb`mVrb dmMZgm{hË`, H$m`©o, _Zwî`~i `m§~m~VMr AmH$S>odmar g§H${bV
H$ê$Z {VMm ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r dmna H$aÊ`mMr àWm \$ma OwZr Amho. àM{bV H$mimVgwÕm
J«§Wmb`o nwT>rb ~m~tMr AmH$S>odmar OmUrdnyd©H$ g§H${bV H$aVmV.
· J«§Wmb`mV `oUmè`m Cn^moŠË`m§Mr g§»`m
· J«§W XodKodrMr AmH$S>odmar
· {d{eï> J«§Wg§J«hmVrb J«§Wm§Mo gamgar d`mo_mZ
· {d{eï> J«§Wmb`mVrb, {d{eï> H$mimVrb dmMZgm{hË`mMr g§»`m
· {d{eï> H$mimVrb g§X^©àíZm§Mr g§»`m, BË`mXr.
`m Am{U Aem àH$maÀ`m BVa AmH$S>odmarMo J{UVr V§ÌmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo
{díbofU H$aUo, Ë`mda AmYm[aV AW©{Zd©MZ H$aUo åhUOo _o{Q´>Šg.
gÜ`mÀ`m H$mimV ~arMer _m{hVr BboŠQ´>m{ZŠg ñdê$nmV àH$m{eV hmoV Amho.
Aer _m{hVr ZoQ>dH©$Ûmao CnbãY hmoV Amho. BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ Am{U ZoQ>dH©$ _mÜ`_mVrb
_m{hVrÀ`m dmnamMr J{UVr V§ÌmÀ`m _XVrZo _moOUr d Aä`mg H$aUo åhUOo B©_o{Q´>Šg. ZoQ>dH©$Ûmao Ho$ë`m OmUmè`m _m{hVr{df`H$ H$m`mªÀ`m _moO_mnmMm g_mdoe
B©-_o{Q´>Šg_Ü`o hmoVmo. B©-_o{Q´>ŠgMo J«§WnmbZmVrb Cn`moOZ ZdrZ Amho. B©-_o{Q´>Šg
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 4
g§~§YrMo {ZH$f, à_mUHo$ ~Z{dÊ`m_Ü`o gÜ`m AZoH$ g§ñWm nwT>mH$ma KoV AmhoV. gXa
boImV B©-_o{Q´>Šg åhUOo H$m` ho gm§{JVbo Amho Am{U B©-_o{Q´>Šgg§~Y§ rÀ`m à_mUH$m§Mm
AmT>mdm KoVbm Amho.
B©-_o{Q´>Šg åhUOo H$m` ?
`mo½` n[a_mUm§À`m AmYmao g§~§{YV Mbm§Mr _moOUr H$aUo åhUOo _o{Q´>Šg. B©_o{Q´>Šg åhUOo BboŠQ´>m{° ZH$ _o{Q´>Šg. BboŠQ´>m{° ZH$ ñdê$nmVrb _m{hVrMo VgoM BboŠQ´>m{° ZH$
_m{hVrg§~§{YV H$m`mªMo, ì`dhmam§Mo, _moO_mn H$aUo åhUOo B©-_o{Q´>Šg. CXmhaUmW©,
J«W§ mb`mÀ`m do~gmB©Q>bm ^oQ> {Xboë`m Cn^moŠË`m§Mr g§»`m _moOUo, {d{eï> S>Qo >m~og_Yrb
{H$Vr boI emoYbo Jobo, S>mD$ZbmoS> Ho$bo Jobo `m~m~VMr AmH$S>odmar g§H${bV H$aUo
åhUOo B©-_o{Q´>Šg hmo`. B©-àH$meZmMm CJ_ Am{U {dH$mg `m_wio B©-_o{Q´>ŠgMo _hÎd
dmT>V Amho.
B©-_o{Q´>ŠgMr Amdí`H$Vm
BboŠQ´>m{° ZH$ _m{hVr g§Jh« AgUmar J«W§ mb`o, B©-àH$meH$ VgoM B©-àH$meZm§À`m
{dVaH$m§Zm B©-_o{Q´>Šg Cn`wŠV R>aVo. J«§Wmb`o Ë`m§À`mH$S>rb BboŠQ´>m{ZH$ ñdê$nmVrb
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B©-_o{Q´>Šg g§~Y
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Ambr AmhoV. H$mhr g§ñWm§Zr B©-_o{Q´>Šg~m~VMr _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo (Guidelines)
{dH${gV Ho$br AmhoV.
(1) ICOLC (International Coalition of Library Consortia) `m g§KQ>ZZo o
1998 _Ü`o Guidelines for statistical measures of usage of webbased indexed, abstracted and full-text resources hr A{Ve`
ì`mnH$ Aer B©-_o{Q´>Šg _mJ©X{e©H$m V`ma Ho$br Amho. `m _mJ©X{e©Ho$V nwT>rb
KQ>H$m§À`m B©-_o{Q´>Šg~m~VMo {ZH$f {Xbobo AmhoV.
(A) {d{eï> Cn^moŠË`mMr B§Q>aZoQ>darb emoY-gÌm§Mr g§»`m (Number of
sessions - logins)
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 5
(Am) S>Qo >m~og_Ü`o {dMmaboë`m àíZm§Mr g§»`m (Number of queries)
(B) do~gmB©Q>darb CKS>boë`m / dmnaboë`m n`m©`m§Mr / Xwì`m§Mr g§»`m
(Number of selected menu)
(B©) emoYboë`m, S>mD$ZbmoS> Ho$boë`m nyU© boIm§Mr g§»`m (Number of
full-text documments searched, downloaded)
(2) NCLIS (National Commission on Libraries and Information
§ mb`mV B©-_o{Q´>Šg dmnaÊ`m~m~V
Science `m A_o[aH$Z g§ñWoZo gmd©O{ZH$ J«W
_mJ©X{e©H$m V`ma Ho$br Amho. gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr dm{f©H$ Ahdmbm_Ü`o
Ë`m§À`m ZoQ>dH©$Ym[aV H$m`mªMr AmH$S>odmar XoÊ`mg§~§YrMr hr _mJ©X{e©H$m Amho.
{VMo erf©H$ Developing Data collection models for public library
statistics and performance measures Ago Amho. B.g. 2000 _Ü`o
United States Institute of Museum and Library Services
(IMLS) `m g§ñWoZo gXa àH$ënmgmR>r AZwXmZ {Xbobo Amho.
(3) Association of Research Libraries (ARL) `m g§emoYZ J«§Wmb`m§À`m
g§KmZo Measures and Statistics for Research Library Network
Aer B©-_o{Q´>ŠggmR>rMr _mJ©X{e©H$m V`ma Ho$br Amho. nwT>rb ~m~tg§~§YrÀ`m
_moO_mnmÀ`m à_m{UV ì`m»`m V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m hoVyZo ARL Zo hr _mJ©X{e©H$m
V`ma Ho$br Amho.
(H$) J«§Wmb`o CnbãY H$aV Agbobr B©-gmYZo
(I) B©-gmYZm§Mm dmna
(J) J«W§ mb`mZo B©-gmYZo, godm§da Ho$bobm IM©
B.g. 2000 nmgyZ gw_mao 50 J«§Wmb`m§Zr `m àH$ënm_Ü`o Amnbo `moJXmZ
{Xbobo Amho. ARL Zo B©-_o{Q´>ŠggmR>r nwT>rb KQ>H$m§Mr AmH$S>odmar {dMmamV ¿`mdr
Ago gwM{dbo Amho.
(A) BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ g§X^m©g§~§{YV ì`dhmam§Mr (Transactions) g§»`m
(Am) BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ S>oQ>m~ogog dmnaÊ`mg§~§YrÀ`m gÌm§Mr g§»`m
(B) BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ S>oQ>m~og_Yrb àíZm§Mr (Queries) g§»`m
(B©) BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ S>oQ>m~og_Yrb _m{JVboë`m àboIm§Mr g§»`m
(C) J«§Wmb`mÀ`m do~gmB©Q> Am{U Amon°H$bm Cn^moŠË`m§Zr {Xboë`m A^mgr
^oQ>tMr g§»`m
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 6
ARL Zo B©-_o{Q´>Šg~m~V gwM{dboë`m _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdm§Mm dmna counter
àH$ënm_Ü`o VgoM ISO 2789 _Ü`o Ho$bm Jobm Amho.
(4) ISO 2789 ho B©-_o{Q´>ŠgMo à_mUH$ 2003 _Ü`o {Vgè`m Amd¥ÎmrÀ`m ñdê$nmV
àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m gwYm[aV Amd¥Îmr_Ü`o {S>{OQ>b J«§Wmb`mÀ`m
H$m`©j_VoMo _moO_mnmgmR>r nwT>rb {ZH$f gwM{dbo AmhoV.
(A) {S>{OQ>b J«§Wmb`mZo dmnaboë`m gÌm§Mr g§»`m (Number of
sections)
(Am) S>mD$ZbmoS> Ho$boë`m àboIm§Mr g§»`m
(B) S>mD$ZbmoS> Ho$boë`m Zm|XtMr g§»`m
(B©) {S>{OQ>b J«§Wmb`mbm {Xboë`m A^mgr ^oQ>tMr (virtual visits) g§»`m
(5) EQUINOX hm B©-_o{Q´>ŠgÀ`m J«§Wmb`mVrb Cn`moOZm~m~V {ZH$f
gwM{dUmam A§Vaamï´>r` nmVirdaMm gdmªV _hÎdnyU© àH$ën Amho. B.g. 2000
_Ü`o hm àH$ën `wamo{n`Z H${_eZÀ`m Am{W©H$ ghH$m`m©Zo hmVr KoVbm Amho.
B©-_o{Q´>Šg~m~V BVa g§ñWm Am{U à_mUH$m§Zr gwM{dboë`m {ZH$fm§{edm`
EQUINOX Zo nwT>rb A{YH$Mo {ZH$f gwM{dbo AmhoV.
(A) BboŠQ´>m{° ZŠg _mÜ`_m§Ûmao _m{hVrMr _mJUr H$aUmè`m Cn^moŠË`m§Mr g§»`m
(Am) àË`oH$ J«W§ mb` gXñ`mg g§JUH$ {H$Vr Vmgm§gmR>r CnbãY Amho Ë`m
Vmgm§Mr g§»`m
(B) àË`oH$ _m{hVr emoY-gÌm§n¡H$s A°Šgog Z {_imboë`m gÌm§Mr g§»`m
(Rejected Sessions)
(6) COUNTER (Counting Online Usage of Networked Electronic
Resources) hm àH$ën B©-gmYZm§Mo àH$meH$ Am{U {dVaH$ `m§À`m nwT>mH$mamZo
B.g. 2000 gmbr hmVr KoÊ`mV Ambm Amho. hm àH$ën Am§Vaamï´>r` ì`márMm
Amho. B©-OZ©ëg Am{U S>Qo >m~oggo À`m dmnam~m~VMm Ahdmb à_m{UV nÕVrZo
V`ma H$aVm `mdm `mgmR>r hm àH$ën Am`moOÊ`mV Ambm Amho. ANSI/NISO
239.7 Am{U BVa B©-_o{Q´>Šg {ZH$fm§Mm dmna COUNTER _Ü`o Ho$bobm
Amho. COUNTER àH$ënmMo gXñ` (àH$meH$ Am{U {dVaH$) {d{dY B©gmYZm§À`m dmnamÀ`m à_m{UV, {dídmgmh©, Vm¡bm{ZH$ Ahdmb Cn^moŠË`m§Zm,
J«§Wmb`m§Zm XoD$ eH$VmV.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 7
g_mamon
_o{Q´>Šg åhUOo J{UVr V§Ì. `m V§ÌmMm B§Q>aZoQ>nyd© H$mimnmgyZ J«§Wmb`
ì`dñWmnZmV dmna H$aÊ`mV `oV Amho. AbrH$S>À`m _m{hVr Am{U g§àfo U V§ÌkmZmÀ`m
H$mimV OmñVrV OmñV _m{hVr BboŠQ´>m{ZH$ ñdê$nmV àH$m{eV, {dV[aV hmoV Amho.
n`m©`mZo BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _m{hVrMo J«§Wmb`mVrb à_mUhr dmT>V Amho. BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$
_m{hVrÀ`m CnbãYVoMm, dmnamMm J{UVr V§ÌmZo Aä`mg H$aUo Cn`wŠV R>aVo. Aem
Aä`mgmgmR>r B©-_o{Q´>Šg ho V§Ì {dH${gV H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho. `m V§ÌmÀ`m dmnam_Ü`o
EH$gmaIonUm, gwgÌy Vm `mdr `mgmR>r à_mUHo$ d _mJ©X{e©H$m {dH${gV H$aÊ`mV Amë`m
AmhoV. B©-_o{Q´>ŠgMo \$m`Xo/VmoQ>o, VgoM Ë`mÀ`m J§«Wmb`mV Adb§{~Ê`mMr AmUIr
g§^mì` joÌo `m§À`m AZwf§JmZo A{YH$ Aä`mg hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
g§X^©
(>1) ARL (2001), Measures and Statistics for research libraries.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Available at www.arl.org. (Acessed on 12/1/2010).
Bertot, J.C. (2004), Libraries and networked information
services : issues and considerations in measurement.
Performance Measurement and Metrics 5(1) : 11-19.
COUNTER : Available at : www. projectcounter.org.
(Accessed on 10/1/2010).
Davis, D.M., (2002) E-metrics : What you need to know to
get started. Available at : www. nclis.gov (Accessced on 10/
1/2010).
www.niso.org.
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AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>dA
o g©
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AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAa åhUOo H$m` Vo gm§JyZ AmonZ gmog©
gm°âQ>doAa B{VhmgmMo Q>ßno, d¡{eîQ>ço ñnï> H$aÊ`mV Ambobr
AmhoV. J«§Wmb`m§gmR>r Cn`wŠV AgUmè`m H$mhr àUmbtMm AmT>mdm
KoÊ`mV Ambm Amho.
"AmonZ gmog©' `m eãXmMo H$mhr AW© H$mT>Vm `oD$ eH$VmV. Ogo H$s, "Ago
gm°âQ>doAa H$s Oo ~Z{dUmè`m àmoJ«°_abm Ë`mMo gmog©H$moS> BVam§Zm XoVm `oVmV Am{U
Ago H$moS> ho gm°âQ>doAaMmM EH$ ^mJ AgyZ Á`m H$moUm ì`ŠVrbm Vo gm°âQ>doAa Cn`moJr
dmQ>Vo Aem ì`ŠVrbm ho H$moS> ghOnUo {_i{dVm `oVmV.'
[aMS>© nm°`ÝS>a `m§À`m _Vo, AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAa åhUOo Ago gm°âQ>doAa H$s,
Á`mMo gmog©H$moS> BVam§Zm _mo\$V CnbãY AgVmV, {edm` Ë`mV ~Xb H$aUo d Vo
dmnaUo `mMrhr _w^m AgVo Am{U Á`mMo ì`dñWmnZ {dH$gH$ g§KmÛmao hmoV AgVo.
www.opensource.org Zwgma "gmog©H$moS>_Yrb ZdZdrZ ~Xb, ^a d
Ë`mVrb XOm©Ë_H$ gwYmaUoÛmao AmonZ gmog© ho Ë`m AmkmdbtMr JwUdÎmm d {dídmgmh©Vm
dmT>{dÊ`mg _XV H$aVo. AmonZ gmog© åhUdyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r bm`gÝgÀ`m nmR>~imÛmao
Amkmdbr dmMdÊ`mÀ`m, nwZ{d©VaUmÀ`m, gwYmaUoÀ`m d _mo\$V dmnaÊ`mÀ`m h¸$m§Mr
h_r Úmdr bmJVo.'
AmonZ gmog©À`m g§X^m©V [aMS>© ñQ>m°b_Z (Richard Stallman) Am{U {bZg
Q>moadmëS> (Linus Torvald) hr XmoZ {deof C„oIZr` ì`pŠV_Îdo AmhoV. qH$~hþZm
[aMS>© ñQ>m°b_Zbm Va AmYw{ZH$ AmonZ gmog©Mm OZH$M åhUmdo bmJob. H$maU, Ë`mÀ`m
15 dfmªÀ`m AWH$ n[al_m§_i
w M
o nyUn© Uo AñV§JV Pmboë`m "AmonZ gmog'© `m g§H$ënZoMo
nwZéÁOrdZ Pmbo.
AmonZ gmog©Mm B{Vhmg AJXr a§OH$ Amho. Á`mà_mUo EImÚm H«$m§VrMr bmQ>
`oVo, gd©Ì \$mo\$mdVo, hiyhiy _§X hmoV b`mbm OmVo d Z§Va nwÝhm nwZéÁOr{dV hmoVo,
Ë`mà_mUoM AmonZ gmog©Mr H«$m§Vrhr ApñVËd, Omo_, AñV§JV d nwZéÁOrdZ `m
Q>ßß`m§_YyZ àdmg H$aVo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 9
AmonZ gmogM
© m B{Vhmg (n{hbm Q>ßnm) (UNIX)
1983 _Ü`o [aMS>© ñQ>m°b_Z `m g§JUH$ ì`mdgm{`H$mZo GNU àmoOoŠQ>Ûmao
AmonZ gmog©bm nwZéÁOr{dV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. UNIX gma»`mM Am°naoqQ>J
{gñQ>r_Mr {Z{_©Vr H$aÊ`mMm Vmo à`ËZ hmoVm. hr Am°naoqQ>J {gñQ>r_ AmonZ gmog©À`m
"XwéñVr d nwZ{d©VaUm'darb ~§Xrg N>Xo XoUmar R>abr. {edm` AmonZ gmog© dmnaÊ`mgmR>r
bmJUmè`m "H§$nm`bg©' d "bm`~«arO' Aem Q>yëgMr {Z{_©Vr H$aÊ`mdahr Ë`mV {deof
^a hmoVm. gÜ`m Amnë`mbm n[a{MV Agboë`m AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAaZm Ë`mZ§Va
ApñVËdmV `oÊ`mg AmUIr 15 dfmªMm H$mbmdYr bmJbm. Varhr hm àmoOoŠQ> AmonZ
gmog©À`m nwZO©Ý_mMr Zm§Xr R>abm AgoM åhUmdo bmJob.
GNU Operating System Kernel (Am°naoqQ>J {gñQ>r_Mo H|$Ð H$s Oo
_o_ar d àmogog _°ZoO_|Q>Mo H$m`© H$aVo.) Á`mbm GNU Hurd åhQ>bo OmVo Ë`mÀ`m
{Z{_©Vrg \$maM {db§~ hmoV hmoVm. Varhr 1991 n`ªV GNU Project Mo BVa CÔoe
_mÌ nyU© Pmbo hmoVo.
1992 _Ü`o Linus Torvald Zo GNU General Public License Ûmao
Linux Kernel gmog©H$moS>g{hV CnbãY Ho$ë`m_wio GNU àmoOoŠQ>Mo Cd©[aV H$m_
nyU©Ëdmg OmD$Z Linux Operating System qH$dm GNU/LINUX ApñVËdmV
Ambr. `mgmo~VM 1995 _Ü`o Free BSD Am{U NET BSD (Berkeley
Software Distribution) `m Am°naoqQ>J {gñQ>råggwÕm AmonZgmog© ñdê$nmV CnbãY
Pmë`m. AmOhr Ë`m§À`m gwYm[aV Amd¥Î`m V`ma hmoV AgyZ Ë`m Versality, Portability
H$[aVm à{gÕ AmhoV.
Ago gmogH© $moS>gh d bm`gÝgÀ`m AmYmao gwa{jV AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>dA
o g© Ë`m§À`m
dmnaH$Ë`mªZm AJXr ghOJË`m B§Q>aZoQ>À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ CnbãY hmoD$ bmJbr AmhoV.
'GNU General Public License' ho "\«$s AmonZ gmog© \$mC§S>oeZ' Img _mo\$V
gm°âQ>doAg©Zm Ë`m§Mo h¸$ OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. gmYmaUV: 1993
Z§Va GNU, LINUX `m Am°naoqQ>J {gñQ>r_da AmYmabobo AZoH$ gm°âQ>dA
o g© CnbãY
o a
hmoD$ bmJbr. De bian GNU/Linux ho Ë`mVrb gdmªV bmoH${à` R>abobo gm°âQ>dA
hmo`. `m{edm` 90 À`m XeH$mÀ`m CÎmamYm©V 'Apache Web Server' ho AmonZ
gmog© gm°âQ>doAagwÕm bmoH${à` Pmbo hmoVo Am{U AmOhr Vo OJmVrb CÎm_ do~gìh©a
gm°âQ>doAa Amho. `m gm°âQ>doAg©À`m dmnamVrb gw{dYm d \$m`Úm§_wio "AmonZ gmog©'
hr Midi {Q>Hy$Z am{hbr. Red Hat Inc. gma»`m g§nyU©nUo AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg©
~Z{dUmè`m d H$ÝñbQ>ÝgrÛmao n¡go H$_{dUmè`m H§$nÝ`mhr {dH${gV hmoD$ bmJë`m.
AmonZ gmog©À`m B{VhmgmVrb BVa KS>m_moS>tn¡H$s X Windows System Mr
{Z{_©Vr, KDE Am{U GNOME `m§Mr {Z{_©Vr øm _hÎdmÀ`m ~m~r _mZë`m OmVmV.
`m~amo~aM 1999 _Ü`o gZ _m`H«$mo{gñQ>r_Ûmao V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m ñQ>ma Am°{\$g
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 10
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 11
1950 Am{U 1960À`m XeH$mV Ooìhm g§JUH$ Am{U Ë`mÀ`m Amkmdbr
`m§Mm dmna e¡j{UH$ Am{U {deof Am¡Úmo{JH$ g§ñWm§H$[aVm H$aÊ`mV `oD$ bmJbm
Voìhm ~hþVm§er gd©M Amkmdbr AmonZ gmog© {Xë`m OmV. `m AmkmdbtH$S>o n¡go
H$_{dÊ`mMo gmYZ åhUyZ nm{hbo OmV ZìhVo. "AmYw{ZH$ CËnÞmMm òmoV' hm Ñ{ï>H$moZ
Ë`m§À`m ~m~VrV {dH${gV Pmbobm ZìhVm. Ë`m_wio, Aem AmkmdbtMo gmog©H$moS> Ë`m
Amkmdbtgmo~VM CnbãY AgV. Ë`m{edm` Amkmdbr {dH${gV H$aUmam dJ© Am{U
Ë`m§Mm dmna H$aUmam dJ© g_m§Va nmVirÀ`m ñVamdarbM AgV. Amkmdbr
dmnaUmè`m§Zm VrV ~Xb H$aUo, Ë`mVrb MwH$m XwéñV H$aUo, dmnamgmR>r gwYmaUm
H$aUo, Amnë`mbm hì`m Vem nÕVrV Vo CnbãY H$ê$Z KoUo ho gmao AdJV Agë`mZo
Ë`mÛmao n¡go H$_{dUo hm Amkmdbr ~Z{dUmè`mMmhr CÔoe ZìhVm. ~è`mMem Am°naoqQ>J
{gñQ>r_ Ë`m§À`m gmog©H$moS>g{hV dmnaÊ`mg CnbãY Agë`mZo Ë`m§Mm dmna H$aUmam
EH$ dJ©M V`ma Pmbm hmoVm. Ogm H$s, 'SHARE.' ho bmoH$ gmog©Mr XodmUKodmU
H$arV.
1960 À`m XeH$mV Pmboë`m High Level Language Am{U Operating
system À`m CËH«$m§VrZ§Va _mÌ gm°âQ>doAa ~Z{dÊ`mÀ`m {H$_VrV ~arM dmT> Pmbr.
nydu hmS>©doAa gmo~VM Ë`m§À`mda AmYm[aV dmnaÊ`mOmoJr gm°âQ>doAa ~Z{dbr OmV.
_mÌ, AmVm ~mOmamV {Zìdi gm°âQ>doAagwÕm {dH$Ê`mg CnbãY hmoD$ bmJbo. Zmhr
åhUm`bm 'UNIX' gmaIo H$mhr àmoJ«°_ e¡j{UH$ d Ë`mÀ`mer g§~§{YV H$m`m©gmR>r
AT & T Ûmao _mo\$V {Xbo OmV hmoVo; na§Vw Ë`mV ~Xb H$aUo d Ë`mMo nwZ{d©VaU H$aUo
`m gw{dYm ~§X H$ê$ZM. bdH$aM 1970À`m XeH$mV Ho$di gm°âQ>doAaMo CËnmXZ
H$ê$Z {dH$Umè`m H§$nÝ`m§Mr g§»`m _eê$_à_mUo dmTy> bmJbr. Aem H§$nÝ`m§Mr noQ>§Q>,
H$m°nramB©Q> d Q´>So > _mH©$À`m AIË`m[aVyZ Aem gm°âQ>dA
o g©Zm "bm`gÝg'À`m A_bmImbr
AmUbo. Ë`m_wio nyduà_mUo 'SHARE' JQ>mgma»`m bmoH$m§Zm gm°âQ>doAa_Ü`o XwéñV
H$ê$Z Ë`mMo nwZ{d©VaU H$aVm `oUo ~§X Pmbo. 1980À`m XeH$mV Va _mo\$V
gm°âQ>doAg©da nyU©nUo ~§Xr Ambr. Aem àH$mao 1950-60À`m XeH$mV CX`mg
Amboë`m "AmonZ gmog'© Mm A§V Pmbm.
Xwgam Q>ßnm (LINUX)
(gÜ`mMo AmonZ Am°{\$g) {deof C„oIZr` åhUmdo bmJob. `mM H§$nZrÛmao 2007
_Ü`o ~Z{dÊ`mV Ambobo JDK (Javga Development Kit) ho AbrH$S>À`m
H$mimVrb à{gÕ AmonZgmog© Amho. AJXrM AbrH$S>o åhUOo Owb¡ 2009 _Ü`o JwJbZo
"JwJb H«$mo_' ZmdmMr do~ AmYm[aV AmonZ gmog© Am°naoqQ>J {gñQ>r_Mr {Z{_©Vr Ho$br
Amho.
AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>dA
o g©Mr d¡{eîQ>ço
(4) Am{W©H$ òmoV
AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg© Ë`m§À`m gmog©H$moS>da AmYm[aV, Z\$m {_i{dÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo Ho$boë`m ì`mdgm{`H$ dmnamMm nadmZm XoVmV. {edm` AmonZ gmog©
gm°âQ>dA
o g©Mr {dH«$s, {dVaU, XwéñVr, H$ÝgbQ>Ýgr Aem godm nwadyZhr n¡go H$_{dUmè`m
H§$nÝ`m AmhoV. Red Hat ho Ë`mMoM EH$ CXmhaU. Red Hat Incorporation Zo
AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg©À`m {dH«$s d H$ÝgbQ>Ýgr gpìh©gogÛmam Mm§Jbm Am{W©H$ ñÌmoV
{Z_m©U Ho$bm Amho.
(1) gmog©H$moS>Mr CnbãYVm
(5) ZdrZ Cn^moŠË`mÛmao AÚ`mdVVm
gmog©H$moS>Mr CnbãYVm ho AmonZ gmog©Mo Img d¡{eîQ>ç Amho. gd© AmonZ gmog©
({dH$V KoVbobo dm _mo\$V {_i{dbobo) Ë`m§À`m gmog©H$moS>gh CnbãY AgVmV.
Cn^moŠË`mbm `m H$moS>_Ü`o ~Xb H$aÊ`mMr _w^m {Xbobr AgVo. Ë`m_wio Ë`mV AmnUmg
hdm Vgm ~Xb H$ê$Z Amnë`m JaOoZwgma Vo dmnaVm `oVo.
gmYmaUnUo BVa gm°âQ>doAg©Mo AnS>oQ>²g dmnaH$Ë`m©bm n¡go _moOyZ {dH$V ¿`mdo
bmJVmV. {edm` g§~{§ YV H§$nZr ^{dî`mV Aer AnS>Qo > ìhO©Ýg CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVrbM
`m~m~V emídVr ZgVo. Aer ìhO©Ýg {_imbr Var Ë`mH$[aVm A{YH$ n¡go _moOmdo
bmJVmV. `mì`{V[aŠV H§$nZrM ~§X nS>br Va Amho VoM ìhO©Z dmnamdo bmJVo qH$dm
gm°âQ>doAa Var ~Xbmdo bmJVo.
AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg© ~m~VrV _mÌ Agm YmoH$m gm¡å` Amho. H$maU,
gm°âQ>doAg©Mo gmog©H$moS> CnbãY Agë`mZo Ë`mV hdo Voìhm, hdo Vgo ~Xb H$ê$Z KoVm
`oVmV. {edm` ZdrZ Cn^moŠVm Ë`mV ~Xb H$ê$Z nwÝhm Vo AmonZ gmog©Ûmao CnbãY
H$ê$Z R>odVmVM, Ë`m_wio AnS>oQ> ìhO©ZÀ`m CnbãYVo~m~V qMVm ZgVo.
(2) nadmZm (Licenses)
gd©gmYmaUnUo BVa gm°âQ>doAg©À`m ~m~VrV Vr `mo½` àH$mao dmnabr OmdrV d
Cn^moŠË`mZo Ë`mV ~Xb H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mo nwZ{d©VaU H$ê$ Z`o `mgmR>r Ë`m g§X^m©Vrb
Ý`m`mb`rZ h¸$ bm`gÝgÛmao A~m{YV R>do Ê`mV Ambobo AgVmV. `m bm`gÝgÛmao
Aem gm°âQ>doAg©_Ü`o XwéñVr H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m nwZ{d©VaUmÛmao Am{W©H$ òmoV {Z_m©U H$aUo
`mda ~§Xr AgVo.
AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg© _mÌ `mÀ`m AJXr {damoYr ^y{_Ho$V {XgVmV. AmonZ
gmog© bm`gÝgÛmam Aer gm°âQ>doAg© XwéñVr d nwZ{d©VaU `mg nyU©nUo nadmZJr XoVmV.
GNU General Public License, GNU Lesser General Public, BSD
License, Apache License Am{U Mozilla Public License ho Aem àH$maMo
nadmZo AmhoV.
(3) Amdí`H$VoZg
w ma ~Xb H$ê$Z dmna
AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>dA
o g©À`m _`m©Xm
(1) H$ÝgbQ>oÝgr {_iÊ`mVrb AS>MUr
OJ^a AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg©Mm PnmQ>çmZo hmoV Agbobm dmna d Ë`mÀ`m
dmnaH$Ë`mªMr dmT>Vr g§»`m nmhVm Aem gm°âQ>doAag§X^m©V godm XoUmè`m {dZmewëH$
H$ÝgbQ>ÝgrO CnbãY hmoV ZmhrV. Cn^moŠVmYm[aV gm°âQ>doAg© ~Z{dUo, Ë`mÀ`m
godm nwa{dUo eŠ` hmoV Zmhr.
(2) H$m_mVrb EH$gmaIonUm d Am{W©H$ Anì``
`m gm°âQ>doAg©Mm dmna dmnaH$Ë`mªÀ`m g§JUH$ gmjaVoda Adb§~yZ AgVmo.
dmnaH$Vm© gmogH© $moS>_Ü`o Á`m àH$maMo ~Xb H$aVmo Ë`mZwgma Ë`mbm AmD$Q>nQw >g² {_iVmV.
EH$mM gm°âQ>dA
o aÀ`m gmogH© $moS>_Ü`o doJdoJiçm nÕVrZo {dMma H$ê$Z Ho$boë`m ~Xbm§_i
w o
doJdoJiçm àH$mao Ë`mMm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo.
EH$mM ñdê$nmÀ`m H$m_mH$[aVm AZoH$ {R>H$mUr doJdoJio dmnaH$V©o doJdoJiçm
nÕVrZo gm°âQ>doAa {dH${gV H$arV AgVmV. `m_Ü`o àË`oH$OU doJdoJio _Zwî`~i,
n¡gm, doi d gmYZ IM© H$arV AgVmo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 12
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 13
(3) ZdrZ ìhO©Ýg~m~V H$mb_`m©Xm
AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg© V`ma H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ ñdoÀN>m nÕVrZo MmbV Agë`mZo
EImXm àH$ën {H$Vr doimV nyU© hmoB©b `mMm A§XmO bmdVm `oV Zmhr.
(4)
Compatibility with other software
EImÚm {d{eï> H§$nZrZo ~Z{dbobr Am°naoqQ>J {gñQ>r_ d Ë`mda AmYm[aV
gm°âQ>doAa ho EH$mM H§$nZrMo Agë`m_wio d Vo EH$_oH$m§da Adb§~yZ H$m_ H$arV
Agë`m_wio ì`dpñWV H$m`©aV amhVmV; na§Vw, AmonZ gmog©À`m ~m~VrV Vo H$moUrhr,
H$moR>ohr V`ma dm gwYm[aV H$arV Agë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m EH$_oH$m§da Adb§~yZ AgUmè`m
à{H«$`m§_Ü`o Jw§VmJw§V {Z_m©U hmoVo. VgoM Ë`m§À`m ì`dpñWV H$m`©nÕVrMr emídVr XoVm
`oV Zmhr.
AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>dA
o g© Am{U J«W
§ mb`o
J«§Wmb` g§JUH$sH$aU hr IMr©H$ ~m~ Agbr Var Ë`mMo AZoH$ \$m`Xo bjmV
KoVm gd©M J«§Wmb`m§_Ü`o g§JUH$sH$aUmÀ`m H$m_mbm MmbZm {_imbr Amho. doi d
l_m§Mr ~MV, H$m_H$mOmV {eñV, AMyH$Vm d doJ, H$m_mVrb {ÛéŠVrg Amim,
nma§n[aH$ d X¡Z{§ XZ godm§_Ü`o bjUr` ~Xb, BË`mXr \$m`Úm§_i
w o gd©M J«W§ mb`o ~mOmamV
CnbãY B§{Q>JQo« >So > AmkmdbtMm Adb§~ H$aVmZm {XgVmV. AmO{_Vrg ~mOmamV CnbãY
Agboë`m J«W§ mb` AmkmdbtÀ`m {H$_Vr bmIm|À`m KamV AmhoV. gJirM J«W§ mb`o
Am{W©H$ ÑîQ>çm BVH$s gj_ AgVmV Ago Zmhr, {edm` BVH$m IM© H$ê$Z Amnë`mbm
hdr Ver, Amnë`m JaOm§Zwgma Amkmdbr {_iVoM Agohr Zmhr.
H$_r IMr©H$ Am{U Amnë`m X¡Z§{XZ H$m_m§À`m àmYmÝ`H«$_mZwgma CnbãY hmoD$
eH$Umar Amkmdbr åhUyZ AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg©H$S>o nmhVm `oB©b. AmonZ gmog©
gm°âQ>doAg©_wio J«§Wmb`m§Vrb godm§_Ü`o gwYmaUm hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. J«§Wmb`mV Á`m
ì`ŠVr XaamoO g§JUH$mYm[aV H$m_o H$aVmV Ë`m ì`ŠVr AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg©À`m
dmnamV _XV H$ê$ eH$VmV. H$maU, _m{hVrMr aMZm, _m{hVrMm dmna, S>m°Š`w_|Q>oeZ
Am{U BVa g§JUH$mYm[aV J«W§ mb`rZ godm `m§À`m nañna ghg§~Y§ m§daM àUmbr `eñdr
R>ê$ eH$Vo. g§JUH$ `m gmYZmda Adb§~yZ XaamoO H$m_ H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrbmM
Amnë`mbm gm°âQ>dA
o a_YyZ Zo_Ho$ H$go [aPëQ>g² hdo AmhoV `mMr AMyH$ _m{hVr AgVo.
BVa joÌmà_mUoM J«§Wmb`m§Zm Cn`wŠV Aem AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg©Mr {Z{_©Vr
Pmbobr Amho. øm gm°âQ>doAg©À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ J«§Wmb`m§Mo g§JUH$sH$aU H$aVm
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 14
`oÊ`mgmaIo Amho. Amnë`m Amdí`H$ JaOm§Zwgma Aem gm°âQ>doAg©_Ü`o ~Xbhr H$aVm
`oV Agë`mZo Vr A{YH$M Cn`wŠV R>aVmV. BVHo$ AgyZgwÕm AmonZ gmog© J«§Wmb`
gm°âQ>doAg©Mm dmna \$magm Pmbobm {XgV Zmhr. EH$ Va ~è`mM J«§Wmb`m§Zr `m
gm°âQ>doAg©À`m CnbãYVoAmYrM g§JUrH$aUmg gwédmV Ho$bobr Amho d Xwgao åhUOo
AOyZhr EImÚm _mÝ`Vmàmá CnbãY gm°âQ>dA
o aÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ g§JUH$sH$aU H$aÊ`mg
AZoH$ J«§Wmb`o àmYmÝ` XoV AmhoV. `mMo H$maU Ë`m gm°âQ>doAg©Mr d¡{eîQ>ço d XOm©
hmo`. n`m©` åhUyZ CnbãY Pmboë`m AmonZ gmog© J«§Wmb` gm°âQ>doAg©Mr _m{hVr
AmnU KoD$
(1) H$mohm (KOHA)
J«§Wmb`mH$[aVm {Z_m©U Pmboë`m AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAgªn¡H$s "H$mohm' ho n{hbo
B§{Q>JQo« >So > J«W§ mb` gm°âQ>dA
o a Amho. Ý`yPrb§S>_Yrb 'Horowhenua Library Trust'
H$arVm 'Katipo Communication' Zo 1999 _Ü`o H$mohmMr {Z{_©Vr Ho$br. OmZodmar
2000 _Ü`o Vo gd©àW_ H$m`©aV Pmbo. 2001 nmgyZ H$mohm_Ü`o ZdZdrZ d¡{eîQ>çm§Mm
g_mdoe hmoD$ bmJbm. "_pëQ>qb½db gnmoQ>©' ho nm°b nm°dbrZ `m§Zr {Xbobo _hÎdnyU©
`moJXmZ hmo`. `m{edm` 2002 _Ü`o Ë`m§Zr MARC Am{U 239.50 `m B§Q>aZ°eZb
aoH$m°S²>©g Am{U H°$Q>bm°qJJ ñQ>°§S>S>©gMrhr Ë`mV ^a KmVbr. Ë`mH$[aVm nm°dbrZ `m§Zr
ZobgmoZ{db gmd©O{ZH$ J«W§ mb`mH$Sy>Z _XV {_i{dbr.
2005 _Ü`o H$mohmH$[aVm 'LibLime' `m doJiçm H§$nZrMr Amo{h`mo `oWo
ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. nwT>o OmD$Z 'Zebra' `m B§{Q>J«oQ>oS> gnmoQ>©Mr H$mohmbm OmoS>
XoÊ`mV Ambr. "Po~«m' `m A{VàJV S>oQ>m~og_wio emoYà{H«$`oH$[aVm bmJUmè`m doimV
VgoM emoYj_Vo_Ü`ohr ~arM gwYmaUm Pmbr. gÜ`m ghm _m°S>çëy g CnbãY AgUmar
3.0.3 hr H$mohmMr ZdrZ Amd¥Îmr 2009 _Ü`o à{gÕ Pmbr Amho. ZdrZ B§Q>a\o$g
{S>PmBZ, A°S>ìhmÝñS> gM©, _pëQ>-~«§°M H°$n°{~{bQ>r, `wPa Q>°qJJ Am{U AÝ` OoZo[aH$
EZhmÝg_|Q>²g hr Ë`mMr H$mhr R>iH$ d¡{eîQ>ço AmhoV. _mo\$V CnbãYVoH$[aVm "H$mohm'
'GNU' bm`gÝgÛmam àgm[aV Ho$bobo Amho.
(2)
PhpMyBibli (PMB)
PhpMyBibli (PMB) hr Linux dm Windows Am°naoqQ>J {gñQ>r_da
H$m`©aV hmoUmar, PHP àmoJ«mq_J ^mfoV V`ma Ho$bobr B§{Q>J«oQ>oS> AmonZ gmog© J«§Wmb`
Amkmdbr Amho. "A°ZmoAm°Šg' `m gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mMo à_wI \°«$ÝH$m°BO bo_mMªS>
(Francois Lemarchand) `m§Zr Am°ŠQ>m~o a 2002 _Ü`o `m gm°âQ>dA
o aÀ`m àH$ënmMr
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 15
gwédmV Ho$br. "PMB gpìh©gog' hr \«|$M H§$nZr AmVm PhpMyBibli `m àH$ënmMo
H$m_ nmhVo Amho. `m gm°âQ>doAaMm _w»` AmamIS>m àW_ bo_mMªS> `m§ZrM V`ma Ho$bm.
Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zm `m àH$ënmH$[aVm B[aH$ am°~Q>©, JmdQ>ra _oH$brZ d BVa VÁkm§Mo ghH$m`©
{_imbo. na§Vw H$mhr d¡`pŠVH$ H$maUm§_i
w o 2003 _Ü`o _mÌ bo_mMªS> `m§Zr `m àH$ënmVyZ
Amnbo A§J H$mTy>Z KoVbo. Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2008 _Ü`o PMB Mr Zdr Amd¥Îmr 3.2.0
CnbãY Pmbr AgyZ Ë`mV AmUIr ZdrZdrZ d¡{eîQ>çm§Mr ^a KmbÊ`mMo H$m_ gwê$M
Amho. GNU Ûmao ho gm°âQ>doAa J«§Wmb`mH$[aVm _mo\$V CnbãY Amho.
(3) New Gen Lib
'Verus Solutions Pvt. Ltd.' Am{U Kesavan Institute of
Information & Knowledge Management' `m h¡Ðm~mXpñWV H§$nZrZo {dH${gV
Ho$bobo 'New GenLib' ho AmonZgmog© B§{Q>J«oQ>oS> bm`~«ar _°ZoO_|Q> gm°âQ>doAa Amho.
gZ 2005 _Ü`o `m gm°âQ>dA
o aMr 1.0 hr n{hbr Amd¥Îmr à{gÕ Pmbr. hr n{hbr
Amd¥Îmr AmonZ gmog© åhUyZ _mo\$V CnbãY ZìhVr. nwT>o 9 OmZodmar 2008 bm 'Verus
Solution' `m H§$nZrZo GNU General Public License À`m AÝd`o `m
Amkmdbrbm AmonZ gmog© åhUyZ Kmo{fV Ho$bo. `m AmkmdbrMr Xwgar Amd¥Îmr 9 gßQ>|~a
2009 bm à{gÕ Pmbr Amho. Linux/Windows `m Am°naoqQ>J {gñQ>r_da H$m`©aV
hmoUmar hr Zdr Amd¥Îmr AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmZo n[anyU© Amho. {~pãbAmoJ«m{\$H$
aoH$m°S>©H$[aVm MARC 21 AmamIS>m, MODS 3.0 _oQ>mS>oQ>m AmamIS>m, S>~{bZ
H$moAa gnmoQ>©, `w{ZH$moS> 3.0 Am{U RFID `m V§ÌkmZmH$[aVm `moOZm hr H$mhr Img
d¡{eîQ>ço gm§JVm `oVrb.
'Evergreen' Mr n{hbr Amd¥Îmr 1.0 gßQ>~
| a 2006_Ü`o {dH${gV Pmbr.
gZ 2007 _Ü`o EìhaJ«rZ S>oìhbn_|Q> Q>r_Zo `m AmkmdbrÀ`m {dH$mg, à{ejU d
godm `mH$[aVm "E{¹$Zm°Šg gm°âQ>doAa' `m ì`mdgm{`H$ H§$nZrMrM ñWmnZm Ho$br.
Linux gìh©a Am{U Postgre SQL `m ~°H$E§S> S>oQ>m~ogda MmbUmar 'Evergreen'
hr Amkmdbr GNU General Public License Ûmam _mo\$V CnbãY Amho. hr
_w»`Ëdo Perl `m àmoJ«mq_J ^mfoV {b{hbr Agbr Var Ë`mVrb H$mhr ^mJm§H$[aVm C,
Java Script XHTML, Mozilla XUL `m ^mfoMmhr dmna Ho$bobm Amho.
1.4.0.6 hr Evergreen Mr Zdr Amd¥Îmr ZwH$VrM gßQ>|~a 2009 _Ü`o CnbãY
Pmbr Amho.
g§X^©
(1) Digit Fast Trac to Open Source Software, Aug.2009
(2) Shiue, Gangea. 'Open Source Systems for Libraries'
Technology Management in Libraries, New Delhi, Allied
Pub.2006, pg. 219-225.
(3) www.opensource.org
(4) www.wikipedia.org
ooo
(n[a{eï> 1 Am{U 2 n¥ð> 18 d 19 da {Xbobr AmhoV.)
(4) Evergreen
EH$m gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mÀ`m X¡Z§{XZ JaOm§À`m {ZH$S>rVyZ CX`mbm Ambobo
'Evergreen' ho AmonZ gmog© J«§Wmb` gm°âQ>doAa Amho. 2004_Ü`o Om°{O©`mÀ`m
amÁ` J«§Wmb`mbm Amnë`m PINES (Public Information Network for
Electronic Services) H$[aVm ~mOmamV CnbãY AgUmar H$moUVrhr J«§Wmb`
Amkmdbr Cn`wŠV R>aV Zmhr Ago OmUdbo. Voìhm Ë`m§Zr "_moR>çm à_mUmdarb
H°$Q>bm°JMr XodmUKodmU' `m g§H$ënZoda AmYm[aV 'Evergreen' `m AmonZ gmog©
'Consortial Quality Integrated Library Software' Mr {Z{_©Vr Ho$br. `m
AmkmdbrÛmao amÁ`^amVrb (Om°{O©`mVrb) gw_mao 270 hÿZ A{YH$ J«§Wmb`o [agmog©
eoA[a¨J H§$gmo{e©A__Ü`o ^mJ KoV AmhoV.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 16
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 17
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 18
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 19
Linux, Windows
Initial Release
Stable Release
O.S.
Administration
SDI
Reports
OPAC
Barcode Generater
MARC/UNI MARK
Features
Circulation
Cataloguins
Acquisition
Serial Manager
UNIMARK
3
MARC
239.50
3
3
3
3
VŠVm H«$. 2
n[a{eï> 2
English, French,
Spanish, Italian,
Arabic, Portuguese
3
Multi
Language
Support
PHP
MARCH 4J
3
3
3
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under
development
3
3
Evergreen
3
3
3
English
GNU General Public
License
www. evergreen ils.org.
Perl, C, Postgre SQL, Java
Script, XHTML, Mozia
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Intergated Library System
Linux
2005
1.4.0.6 / Sept. 2, 2009
Georgia Pub. Lib. Services
& PINES
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New Gen Lib
3
3
3
3
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Java
Integrated Library
System
GNU General Public
License
www.newgenli b.com
Linux, WM dows
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Venus Solution &
Kesavan Inst. of
IKM, Hyderabad
March, 2005
2.2/9th Sept.2009
Php. M / Bibli
3
3
3
English, French,
Chines, Arabic,
and More
Written in
Oct. 2003
3.2.0/Oct.2008
Linux, Windows,
Mac 05
Integrated Library
System
GNU General
Public License
www.sigb.net
PMB Services
Php My Bibli
Koha
3
3
3
3
Perl
Web site
License
Type
Integrated
Library System
GNU General
Public License
www.koha.org.
Developer
Koha
Katipo Communication Ltd.
New Zealand
January 2000
3.0.3/June 2009
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·
{df` : Cultivating a culture of learning in the library
VmarI : 9 OyZ 2008
Amnbo {ejU, ì`dgm`mVyZ {_iUmao {ejU `m{df`r MMm© H$aUmam hm
do~rZma!
· VrZ _mo\$V do~rZmg© 'Maintain IT Project' V\©o$
{df` : Laptop, training and gaming
VmarI : 25 gßQ>~| a 2008
`m do~rZma goeÝgZm AmnU Amnë`m bm`~«arVyZ gh^mJr hmoD$ eH$Vm. `m
àmoOoŠQ> A§VJ©V eoH$S>mo J«§Wnmbm§À`m _wbmIVr hmoD$Z Vo Ë`m§À`m g§JUH$m§Mr H$miOr
H$er KoVmV, Ë`mÛmao {Za{Zamiçm godm H$go XoVmV, `m{df`rMr _m{hVr {_idbr
Jobr d hr gd© _m{hVr, Ë`m§Mo AZw^d Ë`m§À`m ê$nmZo gdmªg_moa AmUbo Jobo. {~b d
{_b|S>m JoQ>²g \$mC§S>oeZÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo Ago _mo\$V do~rZmg© hmoVmV. b°nQ>m°n
dmnam{df`rMr _m{hVr, _XV, Ë`mg§~§YrÀ`m àíZm§Mr CÎmao `m MMm©gÌm§VyZ ghO
{_iVmV, AZw^dm§Mr XodKod hmoVo, e§H$m-g_mYmZ hmoVo.
^maVr` AZw^d
^maVmVhr {d{dY joÌm§V, ^maVr` CÚmoOH$ `m do~rZmg©_Ü`o gh^mJr hmoV
AmhoV. hiyhiy `m {XeoZ§ nmdbo CMbbr OmV AmhoV. 14 OmZodmar 2009 amoOr
d¡ÚH$s` CËnmXZo d godm `m§Mr ^maVmVrb CnbãYVm `m{df`rÀ`m do~rZma_Ü`o
Amamo½`{df`H$ Am¡Úmo{JH$ g_yhm§Zm A{Ve` Cn`wŠV _m{hVr {_iV Agë`mMo {XgyZ
Ambo.
^maVr` CÚmoOH$ Am{U d¡ÚH$s` godm XoUmè`m g§ñWm `m§Zm hr EH$ g§Yr
{_imë`mZo, Ë`mVrb _m{hVrMm d VwbZmË_H$ Aä`mgmMm {dYm`H$ n[aUm_ I{MVM
\$m`XmH$maH$ amhrb.
do~rZmaMo Cn`moJ
_m{hVrMr XodKod, MMm© VWm àgmaU `m gd©M ~m~VtV A{Ve` gmo`rMm
n`m©` hm do~rZma hmoV Amho. nma§n[aH$ go{_ZmaMr OmJm KoUmam hm do~rZma hmoÊ`mg
H$maUohr VerM AmhoV.
· A{Ve` à^md _mÜ`_, ÑH$-lmì` Agë`mZo n[aUm_H$maH$
· gmo`rñH$a - OJmVrb H$moUË`mhr ^mJmVyZ gh^mJr hmoUo eŠ`
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 23
·
·
·
·
·
·
n¡gm, doi, l_ `m§Mr ~MV
Am`moOH$m§Zmhr lo`ñH$a Amdí`H$ OmJoMr AS>MU Zmhr.
XyaXyaÀ`m VÁkm§À`m, Aä`mgH$m§À`m kmZmMm bm^
ì`mdgm{`H$ ~§Y^w {JZter ghO g§dmX eŠ`
B§Q>aZoQ>gmR>r EH$ H$m°åß`wQ>a d EH$ Q>o{b\$moZ bmB©Z, EdT>mM ngmam
Adm§Va IM© dmMë`mZo cost effective.
`m nÕVrZo AmnU Amnbr ì`mdgm{`H$ CÞVr ghO H$ê$ eH$Vmo. Aem MM©o_wio
BVa ì`mdgm{`H$ H$moUË`m n[apñWVrV H$m` {ZU©` KoVmV, Hw$UmMr _XV KoVmV,
Ë`m§À`m AZw^dmVyZ ~a§M H$mhr {eH$Vm `oV§, AJXr ghOnUo ! `mVyZ Amnë`m H$mhr
àíZm§Mr CÎmaohr gmnSy> eH$VmV. AS>MUrVyZ Zdo _mJ© {ZKy eH$VmV. g§emoYZmÀ`m
Zì`m {Xem IwbVmV. do~rZma_Ü`o ^mJ KoUmè`mbm ñdV:Mo {dMma, ñdV:À`m H$ënZm
OJmnwT>o {deX H$aÊ`mMr EH$ Mm§Jbr g§Yr {_iVo, ñdV§Ì ~wÕrbm dmd {_iVmo.
Amnë`m g§ñWoMo à{V{Z{YËd H$ê$Z n`m©`mZo {Vbmhr à{gÕr XoÊ`mMm _mJ© {_iVmo.
g_mamon
J«§Wmb`joÌmVhr Aem do~rZmg©Zo H«$m§{VH$maH$ n[aUm_ {XgyZ `oVrb Aem àH$mao
{d{dY joÌm§V, {d{dY {df`m§da do~rZma hmoV am{hbo, Va V§ÌkmZmÀ`m `m Zì`m XoUJrMm
AmnU gXwn`moJ Ho$ë`mMo g_mYmZ {ZpíMVM bm^ob.
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 24
X{jU _hmamï´>mVrb J«W
§ mb` Am{U
_m{hVremñÌmÀ`m {ejUmÀ`m {dH$mgm_Ü`o
`ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV
{dÚmnrR>mMo `moJXmZ
lr. gwhmg gmd§V,
J«§Wnmb, _hmË_m \w$bo _hm{dÚmb`, qnnar, nwUo
S>m°. qhXyamd dm`X§S>o
g|Q´>b bm`~«ar, Am`.Am`.Q>r. ~m°å~o, ndB©, _w§~B©
àmñVm{dH$
21ì`m eVH$m_Ü`o Cƒ {ejUmMm àgma nma§n[aH$ {dÚmnrR> Am{U _wŠV
{dÚmnrR>mÛmao H$aÊ`mV `oV Amho. nma§n[aH$ {dÚmnrR>mVrb {ejUmnmgyZ d§{MV
am{hboë`m g_mOmVrb àË`oH$ KQ>H$mg {ejUmÀ`m _w»` àdmhmV gm{_b H$ê$Z KoÊ`mMo
_hmZ H$m`© _wŠV {dÚmnrR>m_m\©$V hmoV Amho. Ë`mM na§naoVyZ `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´>
_wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$ "kmZmMr J§Jm' KamoKar nmohmoM{dÊ`mMo H$m`© H$arV Amho.
_w Š V {dÚmnrR> m À`m `m H$m`m© _ w i o M X{jU _hmamï´ > m Vrb J« § W mb` Am{U
_m{hVremñÌmÀ`m {dH$mgm_Ü`o `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$Mo
`moJXmZ `m~m~VMo gd©ojU `m boIm_Ü`o Ho$bobo Amho.
J§«Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ ho gm_m{OH$emñÌ AgyZ Ë`mÀ`m {dH$mgmMm doJ
_moR>çm à_mUmV dmT>bobm Amho. OJm_Ü`o _m{hVrMm n[añ\$moQ> Pmbobm AgyZ Ë`mMm
g§M` H$aUo A{Ve` H$R>rU Pmbobo Amho. _m{hVrÀ`m XodmUKodmUrg AmO A{Ve`
_hÎd àmá Pmbobo AgyZ Ë`mMo _w»` gmYZ _m{hVrMo V§ÌkmZ ho Pmbobo Amho. `m
_m{hVrMm g§M` H$aUo, Ë`mMr `mo½` H$miOr KoUo, JaOd§Vmg _m{hVr nwa{dUo `mMr
g§nyU© O~m~Xmar J«§Wmb`m§da `oD$Z nS>bobr Amho. `m_wio J«§Wmb`mMo ê$nm§Va _m{hVr
H|$Ð (Zm°boO g|Q>a) qH$dm J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVr H|$Ð `m_Ü`o Pmbobo Amho. `m_wio
àË`oH$ J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o ZdrZ gmYZo, V§ÌkmZ, _m{hVr g§emoYZ `m_Ü`o ~Xb hmoV AmhoV.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 25
`m gd© Jmoï>tMm {dMma H$ê$Z gڅpñWVr_Ü`o J«§Wmb`mV H$m_ H$aUmè`m bmoH$m§_Ü`ohr
ZdrZ V§ÌkmZ AmË_gmV H$aÊ`mMr ñnYm© gwê$ Pmbobr AgyZ Ë`m _mÜ`_mVyZ J«W§ mb`mÀ`m
godo_Ü`o gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo à`ËZ hmoV AmhoV. Ë`m_wio J«§Wmb` Am{U
_m{hVremñÌmMo {ejU KoÊ`mgmR>r CËgwH$Vm {Z_m©U Pmbobr Amho.
AmO g§nyU© OJm_Ü`o Xya{ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ KoÊ`mV `oUmè`m {ejUmg
A{Ve` _hÎd àmßV Pmbobo Amho. Ë`m_wio g§nyU© OJm_Ü`o H«$m§Vr KSy>Z Ambobr Amho.
Xya{ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {ejUmnmgyZ d§{MV am{hboë`m BÀNw>H$m§Zm {ejUmMr ZdrZ
g§Yr àmá Pmbobr AgyZ kmZmMr H$dmS>o gdmªgmR>r Iwbr Pmbobr AmhoV. Xya{ejUmÀ`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ H$bm, dm{UÁ`, H¥$fr, V§ÌkmZ Am{U BVa ì`mdgm{`H$ Aä`mgH«$_ gwê$
H$aÊ`mV Ambobo AmhoV. J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ hm {df`hr Ë`mnmgyZ d§{MV
am{hbobm Zmhr.
^maVmVrb Xya{ejU
_hmamï´>mVrb Aem bmoH$m§Mr JaO bjmV KoD$Z doJdoJiçm e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm,
_hmamï´> emgZ `m§À`m_m\©$V g{Q>©{\$Ho$Q> H$mog©, bm`~«ar _°ZoO_|Q> Ago dJ© gwê$ H$aÊ`mV
Ambobo AmhoV. Ë`mMà_mUo _hmamï´>mVrb _w~§ B©, ZmJnya, A_amdVr, Am¡aJ§ m~mX, Zm§XSo >,
nwUo, H$moëhmnya `oWrb {dÚmnrR>m§_m\©$V VgoM ImOJr {dÚmnrR>m§_m\©$V J«§Wmb` Am{U
_m{hVremñÌmMo nXdr Am{U nXì`wÎma Aä`mgH«$_ {Z`{_VnUo Mmb{dbo OmV AmhoV.
`m {Z`{_V dJmª_Ü`o àdoe {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r àdoenarjm, àdoe_`m©Xm Am{U {ejUmMo
_mÜ`_ Aem àH$maÀ`m AS>Wiçm§_wio àdoe {_i{dUo XwamnmñV Pmë`m_wio AZoH$
{dÚmWu BÀN>m AgyZhr J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmMo {ejU KoÊ`mnmgyZ d§{MV
am{hbobo AmhoV. Aem {dÚmÏ`mªZm Ë`m§À`m BÀN>oZwgma {ejU KoÊ`mMo _mÜ`_ åhUyZ
`ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mMr {Z{_©Vr H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho.
`ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$
^maVm_Ü`o Am§Y« àXoe gaH$maZo B.g. 1982 _Ü`o Am§Y« àXoe _wŠV {dÚmnrR>,
h¡Ðm~mX `m ZmdmZo XoemVrb n{hbo _wŠV {dÚmnrR> VoWrb _mV¥^mfoV gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm
_mZ {_i{dbobm Amho. gÜ`m Ë`m {dÚmnrR>mg S>m°. ~r.Ama. Am§~oS>H$a _wŠV {dÚmnrR,>
h¡Ðm~mX Ago Zmd XoÊ`mV Ambobo Amho. `m _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mMo `e bjmV KoD$Z Ë`mnmgyZ
ñ\y$Vu KoD$Z ^maV gaH$maZo B.gZ 1985 _Ü`o ^maVmÀ`m {Xd§JV n§VàYmZ `m§À`m
ZmdmZo B§{Xam Jm§Yr Z°eZb AmonZ `w{Zìh{g©Q>rMr ñWmnZm Zdr {X„r `m {R>H$mUr
Ho$bobr Amho.
gÜ`m ^maVmV _wŠV {dÚmnrR>m§À`m _m\©$V Xya{ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ kmZmMr
J§Jm KamoKar nmohmoM{dÊ`mMo H$m_ gwê$ Ho$bobo Amho. Amnë`m XoemV B§{Xam Jm§Yr Z°eZb
AmonZ `w{Zìh{g©Q>r, Zdr {X„r ho EH$_od amï´>r` _wŠV {dÚmnrR> AgyZ ~mH$sMr {dÚmnrR>o
Amnmnë`m amÁ`^mfo_Ü`o {ejU XoÊ`mMo H$m_ H$arV AmhoV. `m gd© _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mÀ§ `m
g{Q>©{\$Ho$Q>, nX{dH$m Am{U nXì`m§Zm Amnë`m XoemVrb BVa nma§n[aH$ {dÚmnrR>m§Mr
g_H$jVm XoÊ`mV Amë`m_wio AZoH$ bmoH$ _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mH$S>o AmH${f©V Pmbobo AmhoV.
`ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$ `m {dÚmnrR>mMr ñWmnZm
B.g. 1989 _Ü`o H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. _hmamï´>mVrb OZVoÀ`m gmo`rgmR>r `m
{dÚmnrR>mÛmao {Xë`m OmUmè`m {ejUmMo _mÜ`_ _hmamï´>mMr _mV¥^mfm _amR>r R>odbobr
Amho. `m {dÚmnrR>mÛmao H$bm, dm{UÁ`, H¥${f, A{^`m§{ÌH$s, V§ÌkmZ, BË`mXr Am{U
BVa ì`mdgm{`H$ Aä`mgH«$_m§Mo dJ© Mmb{dbo OmV AgyZ Ë`mg g_mOmMm \$ma _moR>m
à{VgmX {_iV Amho. `m {dÚmnrR>mV {ejU KoÊ`mgmR>r _{hbm§Zm àmYmÝ` {Xbo OmV
Amho.
nma§n[aH$ {dÚmnrR>m_Ü`o {ejU KoÊ`mnmgyZ d§{MV am{hboë`m Am{U àdoe
{_i{dÊ`mVrb AS>Wio bjmV KoD$Z `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mZo
J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmVrb nXdr (B.Lib.I.Sc.), nXì`wÎma (M.Lib.I.Sc.)
Am{U E_.{\$b ho Aä`mgH«$_ AZwH$« _o B.g. 1996, 2000 Am{U 2006 _Ü`o gwê$
Ho$bobo AmhoV. Ë`mMà_mUo `m {dÚmnrR>m_m\©$V nrEM.S>r.hr H$aVm `oVo. `m _wŠV
{dÚmnrR>mMo kmZXmZmMo H$m`© bjmV KoD$Z X{jU _hmamï´>mV J«§Wmb` Am{U
_m{hVremñÌmÀ`m {dH$mgm_Ü`o {dÚmnrR>mMo `moJXmZ `m~m~VMm Aä`mg Ho$bobm Amho.
_hmamï´>mVrb J«W
§ mb` Am{U _m{hVròmoVmMo {ejU
ì`mßVr Am{U _`m©Xm
J«§Wmb` ho gm_m{OH$, amOH$s`, Am{W©H$, n[adV©ZmMo _hÎdmMo H|$Ð Amho.
J«§Wmb` hoXoIrb CnOr{dHo$Mo gmYZ Pmë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m ì`mdgm{`H$Vo_Ü`o _moR>r dmT>
Pmbobr Amho. Ë`m_wio {ejUmnmgyZ d§{MV am{hboë`m g_mOmMr AmoT> J«§Wmb` Am{U
_m{hVremñÌmMo {ejU KoÊ`mH$S>o dmT>bobr Amho.
gXa Aä`mgmgmR>r Z_wZm {ZdS> åhUyZ X{jU _hmamï´>mVrb J«§Wmb` Am{U
_m{hVremñÌ `m {ejUH«$_mMr AmR> Aä`mgH|$Ðo {ZdS>bb
o r AgyZ Ë`m Aä`mgH|$Ðm§Vrb
2004, 2005 Am{U 2006 `m e¡j{UH$ dfmªgmR>r J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmÀ`m
Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r Zm|XUr Ho$bobo gd© 1387 {dÚmWu 70 g§_̧ H$ Am{U 10 H|$Ðg§`moOH$
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 26
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 27
`m§Mm g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambobm AgyZ gdmªH$Sy>Z àíZmdbrÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _m{hVrMo
g§H$bZ Ho$bobo AgyZ Ë`mg {dÚmÏ`mªH$Sy>Z 782(56.38%) g§_§ÌH$m§H$Sy>Z 53
(75.72%) Am{U H|$Ðg§`moOH$m§H$Sy>Z 10 (100%) à{VgmX {_imbobm Amho.
gXa Aä`mgmMo à{V{Z{YËd 782 {dÚmWu, 53 g_§ÌH$ Am{U 10H|$Ð g§`moOH$m§Zr
Ho$bobo Amho.
C{Ôï>o
qbJ
(1) `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mV\©o$ am~{dë`m OmUmè`m J«§Wmb`
Am{U _m{hVremñÌ {ejUH«$_m§Mm AmT>mdm KoUo.
(2) `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$Ûmao Xya{ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
am~{dë`m OmUmè`m J« § W mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m {ejUH« $ _mMr
n[aUm_H$maH$Vm VnmgUo.
(3) `m {dÚmnrR>mÛmao nwa{dÊ`mV `oUmè`m Aä`mg{df`H$ dmMZgm{hË`mMr
n[aUm_H$maH$Vm VnmgUo.
(4) `m {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m Aä`mgH|$ÐmÛmao {Xë`m OmUmè`m godmgw{dYm§Mm Am{U
_mJ©Xe©Z H$m`©H«$_mMr n[aUm_H$maH$Vm VnmgUo.
g§emoYZnÕVr
gXa Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r dU©ZmË_H$ g§emoYZnÕVrMm dmna H$aÊ`mV Ambobm
AgyZ _m{hVrMo g§H$bZ, àíZmdbr, nmhUr, _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mÛmao doimodoir àH$m{eV
hmoUmao dmMZgm{hË` `m§Ûmao Ho$bobo AgyZ g§H${bV _m{hVrMo {díbofU Am{U gmXarH$aU
Q>o~b, nm`MmQ>©, ~maMmQ>© `m§Ûmao H$aÊ`mV Ambobo Amho.
_m{hVrMo {díbofU Am{U gmXarH$aU
H$moï>H$ H«$.1 : d`mo_mZmZwgma {dÚmWu
d`mo_mZ
EHy$U
20 Vo 30
31 Vo 40
40 À`m daVr
nwéf
204
140
37
381
ñÌr
248
138
15
401
EHy$U
452
278
52
782
Q>¸o$dmar
57.80%
35.55%
6.65%
100%
darb H$moï>H$mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, d`mo_mZ 20 Vo 30 `m JQ>mVrb _{hbm§Mm
J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m Aä`mgH«$_mVrb gh^mJ 248 (54.87%) AgyZ
Vmo nwéfm§nojm 204 (45.13%) A{YH$ Amho. na§Vw d`mo_mZ 40 darb JQ>mVrb
nwéfm§Mm gh^mJ 37 (71.15%) _{hbm§nj
o m 15(28.85%) A{YH$ Amho.
`mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, d`mo_mZ 20 Vo 30 `m JQ>mVrb {dÚmÏ`mªZm, _wŠV
{dÚmnrR>mÛmao {Xë`m OmUmè`m J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m Aä`mgH«$_m~Ôb
IynM AmH$f©U AgyZ `m JQ>mVrb _{hbm§Mr g§»`m bjUr` Amho. åhUOoM
{ejUmnmgyZ Á`m _{hbm d§{MV am{hboë`m AmhoV Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m BÀN>oZwgma g§gma
gm§^miyZ {ejUmH$S>o AmH${f©V H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV
{dÚmnrR>mZo Ho$bobo Amho.
`ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mZo gwê$ Ho$boë`m J«§Wmb` Am{U
_m{hVremñÌ `m {df`mÀ`m {d{dY Aä`mgH«$_m§g B.g. 1996 nmgyZ B.g. 2006
AIoa 11,983 {dÚmÏ`mªZr Amnbr Zmdo Zm|X{dbobr AmhoV. Ë`m§n¡H$s J«§Wmb` Am{U
_m{hVremñÌ nXdr Aä`mgH«$_mg 9,141; {ZîUmV Aä`mgH«$_mg 2,278 Am{U
E_.{\$b. gmR>r 564 {dÚmÏ`mªZr Amnbr Zmdo Zm|X{dbobr AmhoV. B.g. 2004 Vo
2006 `m dfmªgmR>r EHy$U 4,555 {dÚmÏ`mªZr Amnbr Zmdo `ed§Vamd MìhmU
_hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>m_Ü`o Zm|X{dbobr AmhoV. Ë`m§n¡H$s X{jU _hmamï´>mVrb AmR>
Aä`mgH|$Ðm§_Ü`o 1,387 {dÚmÏ`mªZr Amnbr Zmdo Zm|X{dbobr AgyZ Ë`mMr Q>¸o$dmar
30.45 Amho. 1,387 `m gd© åhUOo 1,387 {dÚmÏ`mªZm àíZmdbr XoÊ`mV Ambr
hmoVr. Ë`m§nH¡ $s 782 (56.38%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr àíZmdbrg à{VgmX {Xbobm AgyZ
òmoV - gd©ojU _m{hVr
darb H$moï>H$mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, ehamV amhUmao {dÚmWu 441
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 28
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 29
H$moï>H$ H«$.2 : {dÚmÏ`mªMo amhÊ`mMo {R>H$mU
nwéf
ñÌr
EHy$U
Q>¸o$dmar
J«m_rU
219
122
341
42.61%
ehar
162
279
441
56.39%
EHy$U
381
401
782
100%
Q>¸o$dmar
48.72%
51.28%
100%
(56.39%) J«m_rU ^mJmV amhUmè`m {dÚmÏ`mªnojm 341 (43.61%) A{YH$
AmhoV. Ë`mMà_mUo J«m_rU ^mJmV amhUmè`m nwéf {dÚmÏ`mªMr Q>¸o$dmar 219
(57.48%) ehamV amhUmè`m nwéf {dÚmÏ`mªnj
o m 162(42.52%) A{YH$ AgyZ
_{hbm {dÚmÏ`mªMr ehamVrb Q>¸o$dmar 279(69.58%) J«m_rU ^mJmV amhUmè`m
122 (30.42%) {dÚmÏ`mªnj
o m A{YH$ Amho.
`mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, J«m_rU ^mJmVrb nwéf Am{U ehar ^mJmVrb
_{hbm J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ {df`mÀ`m Aä`mgH«$_m~m~V Xj AgyZ J«m_rU
^mJmVrb _{hbm§Zm J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m {df`m~m~VMo AmH$f©U
dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, {d^mJr` H|$Ðo Am{U Aä`mgH|$Ðo `m§À`m_m\©$V à`ËZ
hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
H$moï>H$ H«$.3 : {ddm{hV Am{U A{ddm{hV {dÚmWu
{ddm{hV
A{ddm{hV
EHy$U
nwéf
210
171
381
_{hbm
244
157
401
EHy$U
454
328
782
Q>¸o$dmar
58.06%
41.94%
100%
òmoV - gd©j
o U _m{hVr
darb H$moï>H$mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m
Aä`mgH«$_mg àdoe KoVboë`m {ddm{hV {dÚmÏ`mªMr g§»`m 454 (58.06%),
A{ddm{hV 328 (41.94%) {dÚmÏ`mªnojm A{YH$ Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo {ddm{hV
_{hbm {dÚmÏ`mªMr g§»`m 244 (53.74%), nwéf {ddm{hV 210 (46.26%)
{dÚmÏ`mªnj
o m A{YH$ Amho.
`mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mn`ªV J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ
`m Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m Xya{ejUm_m\©$V {_iUmè`m g§Yr~Ôb EH$ àH$maMr OmJ¥Vr {Z_m©U
Pmbobr AgyZ g§gma gm§^miyZ {ejU KoUmè`m _{hbm `m Aä`mgH«$_mH$S>o A{YH$
AmH${f©V hmoV AmhoV. H$maU gXaMo Aä`mgH«$_ ñd`§-AÜ``Zmda Adb§~Zy AgyZ
ì`dgm`m{^_wI Agë`m_wio _{hbm ñdV:À`m nm`mda Cä`m amhÿ eH$VmV `mMr OmUrd
_{hbm§Zm Pmbobr Amho.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 30
H$moï>H$ H«$.4 : J«W
§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ Aä`mgH«$_mg àdoe
KoÊ`mMm CÔoe
qbJ
à`moOZ
ZmoH$ar
ì`dgm` AmdS>
nwéf
318
09
40
_{hbm 325
10
58
EHy$U
643
19
98
Q>¸o$dmar 82.22% 2.43% 12.53%
BVa
05
03
08
1.03%
gd©
09
05
14
1.79%
EHy$U
381
401
782
òmoV - gd©j
o U _m{hVr
darb H$moï>H$mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, 782 {dÚmWmª©n¡H$s 643 (82.22%)
{dÚmÏ`mªZr J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmMm Aä`mg H$aÊ`mMm hoVy ZmoH$ar H$aÊ`mgmR>r
{ZpíMV Ho$bobm Amho.
`mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ Aä`mg nyU© H$aUmè`m
{dÚmÏ`mªZm ZmoH$arÀ`m AZoH$ g§Yr {Z_m©U Pmë`m_wio gdmªV OmñV {dÚmÏ`mªZr
ZmoH$arÀ`m à`moOZmg gdm©{YH$ 643 (82.22%) à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho.
H$moï>H$ H«$. 5 : e¡j{UH$ N>mnrb nwñVHo$/{Z`VH$m{bH$ `m~m~V
{dÚmÏ`mªMm à{VgmX
A.Z§. Vnerb
1. Aä`mgH«$_mMr nwñVHo$
doioV {_iVmV H$m ?
qbJ
nwéf
hmo`
352
(45.01)
_{hbm 375
(47.95)
Zmhr
EHy$U
29
381
(3.71)
26
401
(3.33)
2.
nwéf
24
381
(3.07)
39
401
(4.98)
Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r nmR>
gd© g_mdoeH$ AmhoV H$m?
357
(45.65)
_{hbm 362
(46.30)
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 31
A.Z§. Vnerb
qbJ
3.
Aä`mgH«$_mMr ^mfm Cƒ
XOm©Mr Amho H$m ?
nwéf
322
(41.17)
_{hbm 358
(45.78)
59
381
(7.55)
43
401
(5.50)
4.
Aä`mgH«$_mVrb nmR>
g_OVmV H$m ?
nwéf
356
(45.53)
_{hbm 379
(48.47)
25
381
(3.19)
22
401
(2.81)
5.
nmR>mVrb _m{hVr
{df`mÀ`m g§X^m©Zgw ma
`mo½` dmQ>Vo H$m?
nwéf
359
(45.92)
_{hbm 378
(48.34)
22
381
(2.80)
23
401
(2.94)
nwéf
87
381
(11.13)
70
401
(8.96)
6.
nwñVH$m§Mr N>nmB© (Ajao,
ZH$meo, AmH¥$Ë`m B.)
CËH¥$ï> XOm©Mr Amho H$m ?
hmo`%
294
(37.59)
_{hbm 331
(42.32)
Zmhr%
EHy$U
òmoV - gd©ojU _m{hVr
(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o Q>¸o$dmarMo AmhoV.)
darb H$moï>H$mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, 727 (92.97%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr
Aä`mgH«$_mMr nwñVHo$ doiVo {_iV Agë`mMm à{VgmX {Xbobm AgyZ 55 (7.03%)
{dÚmÏ`mªZr nwñVHo$ doioV {_iV Zgë`mMm à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho.
719 (91.94%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr Aä`mgH«$_mVrb nmR> gd©g_mdoeH$ AmhoV
Agm à{VgmX {Xbobm AgyZ 63(8.06%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr nmR> gd©g_mdoeH$ Zgë`mMm
à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 32
Aä`mgH«$_m§Mr ^mfm Cƒ XOm©Mr Agë`mMm à{VgmX 680 (86.96%)
{dÚmÏ`mªZr {Xbobm Amho Va 102 (13.04%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr Aä`mgH«$_mMr ^mfm
Cƒ XOm©Mr Zgë`mMm à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho.
Aä`mgH«$_mVrb nmR> g_OV Zgë`mMo 735 (93.99%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr _mÝ`
Ho$bobo AgyZ 47 (6.01%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr A_mÝ` Agë`mMo Z_yX Ho$bobo Amho.
nmRmVrb _m{hVr {df`mg AZwgê$Z Agë`mMm à{VgmX 737 (94.25%)
{dÚmÏ`mªZr {Xbobm AgyZ 45(5.75%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr Ë`mg ZH$mamWu à{VgmX {Xbobm
Amho.
nwñVH$m§Mr N>nmB© CËH¥$ï> XOm©Mr Agë`mMo 625 (79.92%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr
_mÝ` Ho$bobo AgyZ 157 (20.08%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr N>nmB© Cƒ XOm©Mr Zgë`mMo
åhQ>bo Amho.
`mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, `ed§Vamd MìhmU _wŠV {dÚmnrR>m_m\©$V
Xya{ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m Aä`mgH«$_mMo N>mnrb
gm{hË` {dÚmÏ`mªZm doioV nwa{dÊ`mV `oV AgyZ hm Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma H$aVmZm
Aä`mgH«$_mVrb nmR> gd©g_mdoeH$ ~Z{dÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Aä`mgH«$_mVrb ^mfm, `mo½`
g§X^©, CËH¥$ï> N>nmB© `mg A{Ve` _hÎd {Xë`m_wio `m Aä`mgH«$_mH$S>o g_mOmVrb
gd© KQ>H$m§Zm AmH${f©V H$aÊ`mMo H$m`© Ho$bobo Amho. Ë`m_wioM _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m
e¡j{UH$ gm{hË`m~Ôb {dÚmÏ`mªMr Mm§Jë`m àH$maMm à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho.
H$moï>H$ H«$. 6 : BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _Q>o[a`b
A.Z§. Vnerb
1.
2.
qbJ
à{VgmX
EHy$U
hmo`% Zmhr%
grS>rO, pìhS>rAmo H°$goQ>_Yrb nwéf
166
215 381
{MÌo AmdmO ñnï> dmQ>VmV H$m?
(21.23) (27.49)
_{hbm 155
246 401
(19.83) (31.45)
BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _Q>o[aAb
_m{hVrnyaH$ AmhoV H$m ?
nwéf
181
200 381
(23.15) (25.57)
_{hbm 171
230 401
(21.86) (29.42)
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 33
A.Z§. Vnerb
3.
4.
qbJ
BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _Q>o[aAb g§nH©$
gÌmg nyaH$ dmQ>VmV H$m ?
BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _Q>o[aAb
`mo½` àH$mao V`ma Ho$bo
Amho H$m ?
òmoV : gd©ojU _m{hVr
à{VgmX
EHy$U
hmo`% Zmhr%
nwéf 180
201 381
(23.02) (25.70)
_{hbm 166
235 401
(21.23) 30.05)
nwéf
179
202 381
(22.89) 25.83)
_{hbm 167
234 401
(21.36) (29.92)
(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o Q>¸o$dmar Xe©{dVmV.)
darb H$moï>H$mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s grS>rO, pìhS>rAmo H°$goQ>_Yrb {MÌo d
AmdmO ñnï> Zgë`mMm à{VgmX 461 (58.94%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr {Xbobo AgyZ Vmo
H°$goQ>_Yrb {MÌo Am{U AmdmO ñnï> AgUmè`m {dÚmÏ`mªnojm 321(41.06%)
A{YH$ Amho.
BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _Q>o[aAb _m{hVrnyaH$ Agë`mZo 352(45.01%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr
_mÝ` Ho$bobo AgyZ Ë`m§Mm à{VgmX BboŠQ´>m{° ZH$ _Q>[o aAb _m{hVrnyaH$ Agë`mMo A_mÝ`
Ho$boë`m {dÚmÏ`mªnj
o m 430 (54.99%) H$_r Amho.
346 (44.25%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _Q>o[aAb g§nH©$gÌmg nyaH$
Agë`mMm à{VgmX {Xbobm AgyZ 436 (55.75%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr BboŠQ´>m{° ZH$ _Q>[o aAb
g§nH©$gÌmg nyaH$ Zgë`mMm à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho.
BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _Q>o[aAb `mo½` àH$mao ~Z{dbo Agë`mMo _V 346 (44.25%)
{dÚmÏ`mªZr ì`ŠV Ho$bobo AgyZ Vo `mo½` àH$mao ~Z{dbo Zgë`mMo _V 436(55.75%)
{dÚmÏ`mªZr ì`ŠV Ho$bobo Amho.
`mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, AZoH$ {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m à{VgmXmZwgma grS>r, pìhS>rAmo
`m§Mm XOm© Ag_mYmZH$maH$ Agë`mMo åhQ>bo Amho. na§Vw gXaMo _Q>o[aAb H$_r XOm©Mo
Amho Ago åhUVm `oUma Zmhr. H$maU grS>r Am{U pìhS>rAmo XmI{dVmZm Am°{S>Amo
H°$goQ> ßboAa qH$dm Q>on aoH$m°S>©a `m§Mm XOm© `mo½` Zgë`mg BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _Q>o[aAbMo
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 34
n[aUm_ Mm§Jbo Agë`mMo {XgUma ZmhrV. àË`oH$ {ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_m_Ü`o epŠVñWmZo,
Xmof, g§Yr Am{U _`m©Xm Agy eH$VmV. `m ~m~r Ñ{ï>AmS> Z Ho$ë`mg _wŠV
{dÚmnrR>m_m\©$V nwa{dÊ`mV `oUmao BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _Q>o[aAb gd© ~m~VrV `mo½` Agë`mMo
dmQ>Vo.
H$moï>H$ H«$. 7 : ao{S>Amo Am{U Q>r.ìhr. àjonU
A.Z§. Vnerb
qbJ
à{VgmX
EHy$U
hmo`% Zmhr%
nwéf
203
178 381
(25.96) (22.76)
_{hbm 165
236 401
(21.10) (30.18)
1.
àjonUmMr doi `mo½`
dmQ>Vo H$m ?
2.
àjonU _m{hVrnyaH$
dmQ>Vo H$m ?
3.
àojnU g§nH©$gÌmg n`m©`r
dmQ>Vo H$m ?
òmoV : gd©ojU _m{hVr
nwéf
246
135 381
(31.46) (17.26)
_{hbm 195
206 401
(24.93) (26.35)
nwéf
182
199 381
(23.27) (25.45)
_{hbm 153
248 401
(19.57) (31.71)
(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o Q>¸o$dmar Xe©{dVmV.)
ao{S>Amo Am{U Q>r.ìhr. àjonUmMr doi `mo½` Agë`mMo 368(47.06%)
{dÚmÏ`mªZr à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho. na§Vw 414(52.94%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr àjonUmMr
doi `mo½` Zgë`mMm à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho. hmoH$mamWu à{VgmX XoUmè`m {dÚmÏ`mª_Ü`o
nwéfm§Mr Q>¸$o dmar 203(25.96%) _{hbm§nj
o m 165(21.10%) A{YH$ Amho.
EHy$U 782 {dÚmÏ`mªn¡H$s 441(56.39%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr ao{S>Amo Am{U Q>r.ìhr.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 35
Ûmao J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmMo àjonU _m{hVrnyaH$ Agë`mMo _mÝ` Ho$bobo AgyZ
341(43.61%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr àjonU _m{hVrnyaH$ Zgë`mMo Z_yX Ho$bobo Amho.
ao{S>Amo Am{U Q>r.ìhr. Ûmao hmoUmao àjonU ho g§nH©$gÌmg nyaH$ Agë`mMm
à{VgmX 335 (42.84%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr {Xbobm AgyZ 447(57.16%) {dÚmÏ`mªMr
àjonU g§nH©$gÌmg nyaH$ Zgë`mMm à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho.
`mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mÛmao
J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m Aä`mgH«$_m~m~VMo àjonU ao{S>Amo Am{U Q>r.ìhr.
Ûmao Ho$bo OmV AgyZ gXa Aä`mgH«$_mg àdoe KoVbobo {dÚmWu ZmoH$arÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo
~mhoa AgVmV. Ë`mMà_mUo _{hbm, {dÚmÏ`mªZm g§gma gm§^miyZ {ejU ¿`md`mMo
AgVo. Ë`m_wio ao{S>Amo Am{U Q>r.ìhr.Mo àjonUmg CnpñWV amhUo AeŠ` hmoVo. Ë`m_wio
ao{S>Amo Am{U Q>r.ìhr.~m~VÀ`m àojnUmg Am{U Ë`mÛmao {_iUmè`m _m{hVrg H$_r
à{VgmX {_imbobm Amho.
H$moï>H$ H«$. 8 : g§nH©$gÌo
A.Z§. Vnerb
qbJ
1
g§X^©gÌmMr _m{hVr
AJmoXa {_iVo H$m ?
nwéf
2
g§nH©$gÌo nwaoer AmhoV H$m?
3
g§_̧ UmÀ`m nÕVr~Ôb
g_mYmZH$maH$ AmhmV H$m ?
à{VgmX
EHy$U
hmo`% Zmhr%
333
48 381
(42.58) (6.14)
_{hbm 342
59 401
(43.73) (7.55)
nwéf
285
96 381
(36.44) (12.28)
_{hbm 308
93 401
(39.38) (11.90)
nwéf
337
44 381
(43.09) (5.63)
_{hbm 341
60 401
(43.61) (7.67)
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 36
A.Z§. Vnerb
qbJ
4
nwéf
g§nH©$gÌmnydu dmMZ
H$aVm H$m ?
òmoV : gd©ojU _m{hVr
à{VgmX
EHy$U
hmo`% Zmhr%
330
51 381
(42.20) (6.52)
_{hbm 330
71 401
(42.20) (9.08)
(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o Q>¸o$dmar Xe©{dVmV.)
H$moï>H$ H«$. 8 dê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, 782 {dÚmÏ`mªn¡H$s 675 (86.31%)
{dÚmÏ`mªZr g§nH©$gÌmMr _m{hVr (doimnÌH$) AJmoXa {_iV Agë`mMm à{VgmX
{Xbobm AgyZ 107 (13.69%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr Ë`mg ZH$mamWu à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho.
g§nH©$gÌo nwae
o r Agë`mMo 593 (75.82%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr _mÝ` Ho$bobo AgyZ
189 (24.18%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr g§nH©$gÌo nwaoer Zgë`mMo Z_yX Ho$bo Amho.
J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m {df`mÀ`m g_§ÌH$mÀ`m g§_§ÌU nÕVr~Ôb
678 (86.70%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr g_mYmZ ì`ŠV Ho$bobo AgyZ 104 (13.30%)
{dÚmWu Ag_mYmZr AmhoV.
EHy$U 660 (84.40%) {dÚmÏ`mªZr g§nH©$gÌmnydu dmMZ H$aVmV; na§Vw 122
(15.60%) {dÚmWu g§nH©$gÌmnydu dmMZ H$arV ZmhrV.
`mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, g§nH©$gÌm~m~VÀ`m gd© ~m~tZm {dÚmÏ`mªH$Sy>Z
Mm§Jbm d CËñ\y$V© Agm à{VgmX {_imbobm AgyZ H$mhr {dÚmÏ`mªZr ZH$mamË_H$
à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho. H$maU _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mV J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m
Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r àdoe KoUmao {dÚmWu nma§n[aH$ {dÚmnrR>mVyZ Ambobo AgVmV. Ë`m
{dÚmÏ`mªZm _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mÛmao XoÊ`mV `oUmao {ejU ho Xya{ejU Am{U ñd`§AÜ``ZmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {_iV Agë`mMr OmUrd ZgVo. nma§n[aH$ {dÚmnrR>mà_mUoM
_hm{dÚmb`mVrb Vmgmà_mUo Vmg hmoV AgVmV Ago Ë`m {dÚmÏ`mªZm dmQ>V AgVo.
Ë`m_wio Aem {dÚmÏ`mªZm (24.18%) g§nH©$gÌo Anwar Agë`mMo dmQ>Vo. g§JUH$
H$aUmè`m g§_̧ H$m§Zm doimodi
o r _mJ©Xe©Z {_iV Agë`m_wio g§_̧ H$mÀ`m nÕVr~m~V
{dÚmWu g_mYmZ ì`ŠV H$arV AgVmV. Ë`mMà_mUo (84.40%) {dÚmÏ`mªH$Sy>Z
g§_§ÌUmÀ`m nydu dmMZ H$aÊ`mg à{VgmX {_imë`m_wio g§_§ÌUmÀ`m doir {dÚmWu
Am{U g§_§ÌH$ `m§À`m_Ü`o _m{hVrMr XodmUKodmU Mm§Jë`m àH$mao hmoD$ eH$Vo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 37
gmam§e
darb ~m~tMm {dMma H$aVm `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mÛmao
gwê$ Agboë`m J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmÀ`m Aä`mgH«$_mg g_mOmVyZ CËH¥$ï>
à{VgmX bm^V Amho. `m _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mÛmao gXa Aä`mgH«$_m~m~V am~{dÊ`mV
`oUmè`m `moOZm§Mm \$m`Xm g_mOmVrb gd© KQ>H$m§n`ªV nmohmMV AgyZ Ë`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
EH$ ZdrZ {nT>r {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMo H$m`© hmoV Amho. _{hbm, {dÚmWu g§gma gm§^miyZhr
ñdV:À`m nm`mda C^o amhÊ`mMm Omo à`ËZ H$arV AmhoV Vmo ñVwË` Amho. `ed§Vamd
MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mZo {ejUmMo _mÜ`_ _mV¥^mfoVyZ (_amR>r) R>odë`m_wio
{ejUmnmgyZ d§{MV am{hboë`m d {ejU KoÊ`mMr AmdS> AgUmè`m àË`oH$ ì`ŠVrg
Ë`mMm \$m`Xm Pmbobm AgyZ g§nyU© _hmamï´>mV kmZmMr J§Jm KamoKar nmohM{dÊ`mMo
H$m`© Ho$bobo Amho.
ooo
~maH$moS> … J«W
§ XodKodrMo d nS>VmiUrMo EH$
gmono _mÜ`_ - ^mJ 2
lr. {díd§^a {dídZmW Kmobn
J«§Wnmb, emgH$s` V§Ì{ZHo$VZ, Cñ_mZm~mX
àmñVm{dH$
kmZJ§JmoÌr Ì¡_m{gH$mÀ`m gßQ>|~a - Zmoìh|~a 2007 À`m Ì¡_m{gH$mV "~maH$moS>
J«§W XodKodrMo d nS>VmiUrMo EH$ gmono _mÜ`_' hm boI à{gÕ H$aÊ`mV Ambm
hmoVm. Ë`m~m~V AZoH$ _mÝ`dam§À`m à{V{H«$`m àmá Pmë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m à{V{H«$`m
OmUyZ KoVë`m AgVm àË`j nS>VmiUr H$er H$amd`mMr `m~m~VÀ`m _m{hVrMr
_mJUr H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. Ë`m _mJUrZwgma "~maH$moS> … J«W§ XodKodrMo d nS>VmiUrMo
EH$ gmono _mÜ`_ - ^mJ 2' øm ZmdmZo nrS>rQ>r _erZÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo J«§W nS>VmiUr
H$er H$amdr `m~m~V nwT>rbà_mUo g{dñVa _m{hVr XoÊ`mV `oV Amho.
J¥hrVHo$
J«§W nS>VmiUr H$aÊ`mH$[aVm J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o H$mhr ~m~r J¥hrV YaÊ`mV Amboë`m
AmhoV.
(1) J«§Wmb`mVrb gd©M J«§Wm§Mm S>mQ>m g§JUH$mV ^abobm Amho.
(2) Jhmi Pmbobo J«§W {Zb}{IV Ho$bobo Agë`mg, Á`m AmXoemZwgma Vo {Zb}{IV
Ho$bobo AgVrb Ë`m AmXoemMm H«$_m§H$ d {XZm§H$ `m§Mr Zm|X XmIbZm|X
a{OñQ>a_Ü`o g§~§{YV XmIb A§H$mÀ`m g_moa eoam `m H$m°b__Ü`o Ho$bobr Amho.
hrM Zm|X g§JUH$m_Ü`o g§~§{YV XmIb A§H$mÀ`m g_moa [a_mH©$ `m H$m°b__Ü`o
Ho$bobr Amho.
(3) \$mQ>bobo J«§W {Zbo©{IV Ho$bobo Agë`mg, Á`m AmXoemZwgma Vo J«§W {Zb}{IV
Ho$bobo AgVrb Ë`m AmXoemMm H«$_m§H$ d {XZm§H$ `m§Mr Zm|X XmIbZm|X
a{OñQ>a_Ü`o g§~§{YV XmIb A§H$mÀ`m g_moa eoam `m H$m°b__Ü`o Ho$bobr Amho.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 38
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 39
(4) J«§WmMr qH$_V dmMH$mZo ^abobr Agë`mg, Ë`m nmdVrMm H«$_m§H$ d {XZm§H$
øm _m{hVrMr Zm|X XmIbZm|X a{OñQ>a_Ü`o g§~§{YV XmIb A§H$mÀ`m g_moa
"eoam' `m H$m°b__Ü`o Ho$bobr Amho. hrM Zm|X g§JUH$m_Ü`o g§~§{YV XmIb
A§H$mÀ`m g_moa [a_mH©$ `m H$m°b__Ü`o Ho$bobr Amho.
(5) J«§Wmb`mVrb gd©M H$nmQ>m§da qH$dm a°H$da EH$nmgyZ YmdË`m H«$_mZo gbJ
Z§~g© {b{hbobo AmhoV. CXm. 1, 2, 3, 4... BË`mXr.
(6) `m H$m_mgmR>r {H$_mZ XmoZ ì`º$s CnbãY AmhoV.
(7) gd©M dmMH$m§Zr J«§W naV H$aUo Amdí`H$ Zmhr.
(8) doJdoJù`m H$maUm§ñVd {Zb}{IV H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m J«§Wm§À`m Zm|Xr g§JUH$
àUmbrV H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m AmhoV.
Amdí`H$ AgUmao gm{hË`
(A) 1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
(~) 1)
2)
(H$) 1)
PDT (Portable Data Terminal with built in laser scanner)
PDT gmR>r Software
Mm{OªJH$[aVm EH$ EŠgQ>|eZ
Q>~o b - 1
IwMu - 2
EH$ ¹$m°`aMo Am{Id a{OñQ>a
EH$ _rQ>aMo EH$ nm§T>ao H$mnS>
H$nmQ>o Am{U a°H$ `m§Zm YmdË`m H«$_mZo Z§~[a¨J H$aUo d Zm|X R>odUo.
nrS>rQ>r BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ h°ÊS> _erZ
nrS>rQ>r åhUOo nmoQ>}~b S>mQ>m Q>{_©Zb {dW {~ëQ> BZ boPa ñH°$Za (Portable
Data Terminal with built in laser scanner) ho EH$ Cä`m AmH$mamMo BboŠQ´>m{° ZH$
_erZ Amho. `m_Ü`o gm°âQ>doAa bmoS> Ho$bobo Amho. øm _erZMr C§Mr 24 g|_r x
OmS>r 5 g|_r. x {Zåå`mn`ªV é§Xr 8 g|_r. AgyZ {Zåå`mnmgyZ ImbÀ`m ^mJmMr é§Xr
6.5 g|_r. Amho. g_moaÀ`m ~mOybm H$s-~moS>© AgyZ EH$m ~mOybm ñH°$qZJgmR>r EH$
~Q>Z Amho. VgoM daÀ`m ~mOybm boPa {H$aU ~mhoa nS>Ê`mH$[aVm 4 g|_r. x 2.5
g|_r. `m AmH$mamMo H$mMoMo AmdaU Agbobm Mm¡H$moZ Amho. Mm{OªJH$[aVm d nrS>rQ>r
_Yrb S>mQ>m Q´>mÝg\$a H$aÊ`mH$[aVm nrS>rQ>rÀ`m Vimbm Ver gmo` H$aÊ`mV Ambobr
Amho. H$s-~moS>©À`m daÀ`m ~mOybm 6.5 g|_r. x 4.5 g|_r. AmH$mamMo {S>ñßbo ñH«$sZ
Amho. nrS>rQ>r R>odÊ`mH$[aVm EH$ ñQ>±S> AgyZ øm ñQ>±S>bm nm°daMr gmo` Amho. VgoM ho
ñQ>±S> g§JUH$mbm OmoS>Ê`mH$[aVm EH$m Ho$~bMr gmo` Amho.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 40
nrS>rQ>r _erZMo H$m`©
nrS>rQ>r BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ h±S> _erZÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo J«§Wmdarb ~maH$moS> bo~b ñH°$Z
H$aVm `oVmV. àW_ EH$ J«§W ¿`mdm. Ë`mdarb ~maH$moS> bo~bda nrS>rQ>r_Yrb boPa
{H$aU nS>Vrb Aem àH$mao COì`m hmVmV nrS>rQ>r Yamdm. Ë`mM doir COì`m hmVmV
VO©ZrZo ñH°$qZJ ~Q>Z Xm~mdo. ñH°$qZJ ~Q>Z Xm~yZ Z YaVm Vo bJoM gmoS>mdo. ho ~Q>Z
Xm~VmM nrS>rQ>r_YyZ boPa {H$aU ~mhoa nS>Vrb. Ë`mM doir J«§Wmdarb ~maH$moS>
bo~b arS> hmoB©b. Ë`mM doir J«§Wmdarb ~maH$moS> bo~bdarb ñH°$Z Ho$bobm Z§~a
nrS>rQ>r _erZ_Ü`o gmR>{dbm OmB©b. VoWo XmIb A§H$ {Xgob. `m Z§~aÀ`m ~mOyg Sr.
No. 1 {Xgob. Ë`mZ§Va Xwgam J«§W KoD$Z darbà_mUoM à{H«$`m Ho$ë`mg Xwgam J«§W ñH°$Z
hmoB©b. Xwgè`m J«§WmMm XmIb A§H$ nrS>rQ>rÀ`m ñH«$sZda {Xgob. `m Z§~aÀ`m ImbÀ`m
~mOyg Sr. No. 2 {Xgob. Aem àH$mao H$moUË`mhr XmIb A§H$mMo J«§W ñH°$Z Ho$bo Var
Vo ñH«$sZda {S>ñßbo hmoVrb. {OVHo$ J«§W ñH°$Z Ho$bobo AgVrb VodT>o Sr. No. ñH«$sZda
{XgVrb. hmM S>mQ>m Z§Va g§JUH$mda transfer H$amd`mMm AgVmo. EH$mM H«$_m§H$mMm
Xwgam J«§W ñH°$Z Ho$ë`mg nrS>rQ>r _erZ Vmo Z§~a ñdrH$maV Zmhr. Aem doir Vmo J«§W
~mOybm H$mTy>Z VnmgyZ ¿`mdm. VgoM nrS>rQ>r _erZMo Enter ho ~Q>Z Xm~yZ nwT>Mm
J«§W ñH°$Z H$ê$Z Amnbo H$m_ gwê$ R>odmdo.
àË`j nS>VmiUrg gwédmV
àmW{_H$ V`mar
H$nmQ>mda qH$dm a°H$da EH$nmgyZ YmdË`m H«$_mZo gbJ Z§~g© Q>mHy$Z KoVbobo
AmhoV. Amdí`H$ AgUmè`m gd© gm{hË`mMr O_dmO_d nyU© Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`mMà_mUo
Amdí`H$ AgUmè`m gd© ~m~tMr nyV©Vm Pmë`mZ§Va àË`j J«§WnS>VmiUrg gwédmV
H$amd`mMr Amho.
n{hbo H$nmQ>
àW_ Á`m H$nmQ>mnmgyZ J«§W nS>VmiUrg gwédmV H$amd`mMr Agob Ë`m
H$nmQ>mOdi EH$ Q>~o b ZoD$Z R>do mdo. Ë`m Q>~o bmÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOybm XmoZ IwÀ`m© R>do mì`mV.
ho Q>o~b Iyn _moR>o Zgmdo. \$ma bhmZhr Zgmdo. ho Q>o~b H$nmQ>mÀ`m XmoZ Amoit_YyZ
EH$m {R>H$mUmhÿZ Xwgè`m {R>H$mUr ghOmghOr gaH${dVm `oUmao Agmdo. gmYmaUV
bm§~r 2.6 \y$Q> x é§Xr 2 \y$Q> `m AmH$mamMo Q>o~b Agë`mg \$maM gmo`rMo Amho.
H$nmQ>mÀ`m EH$m H$ßß`mVyZ qH$dm a°H$ Agë`mg a°H$À`m EH$m H$ßß`mVyZ gwédmV H$amdr.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 41
àW_ daÀ`m H$ßß`mVrb J«§W H$mTy>Z KoD$Z Q>o~bmda _m§S>mdoV. Ë`m_wio Ë`m
H$nmQ>mMm H$ßnm [aH$m_m hmoB©b. H$nmQ>mÀ`m H$ßß`mVyZ H$mT>boë`m øm J«§WmMr _m§S>Ur
H$aVmZm J«§Wm§Mm H$nmQ>mVrb H«$_ ~XbUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr. H$nmQ>mMm
[aH$m_m Pmbobm H$ßnm gmo~V \$S>Š`mZo nyU©nUo ñdÀN> nwgyZ ¿`mdm. Z§Va S>mì`m
hmVmVrb J«§W KoD$Z Vmo Amnë`m g_moa Yamdm. COì`m hmVmVrb nrS>rQ>rÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo
J«§Wmda bmdboë`m ~maH$moS> bo~bda ñH°$Z H$amdo. åhUOoM nrS>rQ>rMo ~Q>Z Xm~VmM
Ë`mVyZ bmb a§JmÀ`m {H$aUmMm EH$g§Y Agm PmoV ~mhoa nS>Vmo. Vmo PmoV J«§Wmdarb
~maH$moS> bo~bda nS>ë`mZ§Va "nrn' Agm qH$dm {d{eï> Agm AmdmO hmoB©b. Ë`m
AmdmOm~amo~aM Ë`m ~maH$moS> bo~bdarb XmIb A§H$ ñH°$Z hmoB©b. hm ñH°$Z Pmbobm
XmIb A§H$ nrS>rQ>r _Ü`o save (gmR>dUyH$) hmoB©b. `m {H«$`oZ§Va S>mì`m hmVmVrb
J«§W ~mOybm nmbWm R>odmdm. Z§Va S>mì`m hmVmZoM Xwgam J«§W ¿`mdm. Ë`mdarb ~maH$moS>
bo~bda nrS>rQ>rÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo ñH°$Z H$ê$Z ¿`mdo. nwÝhm "nrn' Agm qH$dm {d{eï>
Agm AmdmO hmoB©b. Ë`m AmdmOm~amo~aM Ë`m ~maH$moS> bo~bdarb XmIb A§H$
ñH°$Z hmoB©b. hm ñH°$Z Pmbobm XmIb A§H$ nrS>rQ>r _Ü`o save (gmR>dUyH$) hmoB©b.
n{hë`m doir nmbÏ`m R>odboë`m J«§Wmda S>mì`m hmVmVrb J«§W nwÝhm nmbWmM R>odmdm.
`m_wio J«§Wm§Mm Q>o~bmdarb d H$nmQ>mVrb H«$_ ~XbV Zmhr. J«§Wmb` joÌmMo H$mhrhr
kmZ Zgboë`m§H$Sy>Z ho H$m_ H$ê$Z KoVbo Var Ë`m_wio \$maM ÌmgXm`H$ hmoV Zmhr.
dJuH$aUmà_mUo J«§W bmdÊ`mH$[aVm doi dm`m OmV Zmhr. l_ dm`m OmV Zmhr. IM©
dm`m OmV Zmhr. ZH$moM Vr nS>VmiUr Aer hmoUmar ^mdZm V`ma hmoV Zmhr. H$m_o
doiÀ`mdoirM nyU© hmoVrb.
Aem àH$mao Q>~o bmda H$mT>bb
o o gd©M J«W§ ñH°$Z H$ê$Z ¿`mdoV. Vo ñH°$Z Pmë`mZ§Va
Á`m H$ßß`mVyZ ho J«§W ~mhoa H$mT>bo hmoVo Ë`mM H$ßß`mV Ë`mM H«$_mZo bmdyZ R>odmdoV d
Vmo H$ßnm ~§X H$amdm.
n{hë`m H$ßß`mZ§Va Ë`mImbr Xwgè`m H$ßß`mVrb gd©M J«§W EH$m H$_©Mmè`mZo
Q>o~bmda R>odmdoV Am{U Xwgam H$ßnm [aH$m_m H$amdm. hm Xwgam H$ßnm [aH$m_m Pmë`mZ§Va
Vmo \$S>Š`mZo ì`dpñWV nwgyZ ¿`mdm. Yyi PQ>Hy$Z ¿`mdr. Ë`mM Xaå`mZ Xwgè`m
H$_©Mmè`mZo COì`m hmVmV nrS>rQ>r `§Ì ¿`mdo. S>mì`m hmVmZo Q>o~bmdarb J«§Wm§n¡H$s
EH$ J«§W KoD$Z g_moa Yamdm. hm J«§W nrS>rQ>rÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo ~Q>Z Xm~yZ J«§Wmdarb
~maH$moS> ñH°$Z H$amdm. Z§Va hm J«§W ~mOybm nmbWm R>odmdm. nwÝhm Xwgam J«§W ¿`mdm Vmo
g_moa Yamdm. nrS>rQ>rÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo ~Q>Z Xm~yZ J«§Wmdarb ~maH$moS> ñH°$Z H$amdm.
Aem àH$mao EHo$H$ H$ê$Z Q>o~bmdarb gd© J«§W ñH°$Z H$ê$Z ¿`mdoV. Xwgam H$ßnm nyU©
ñH°$Z H$ê$Z Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`mM H$nmQ>mMm {Vgam H$ßnm ñH°$Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r ¿`mdm.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 42
{Vgam H$ßnm ñH°$qZJ H$ê$Z nyU© Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`mM H$nmQ>mMm Mm¡Wm H$ßnm ñH°$qZJ
H$aÊ`mH$[aVm ¿`mdm. Ago EH$m H$nmQ>mMo Mmahr H$ßno ñH°$qZJ H$ê$Z ¿`mdoV.
g_Om, EImÚm H$nmQ>mMo nmM H$ßno AgVrb Va Vo nmMhr H$ßno EHo$H$ H$ê$Z
nyU© ñH°$qZJ H$amdoV. åhUOoM EH$m doir EH$ H$nmQ> nyU©V… ñH°$qZJ H$ê$Z ¿`mdo.
Ë`mZ§Va Ë`mbm grb H$amdo. åhUOo nS>VmiUr Pmboë`m H$nmQ>mV O_m Pmboë`m
J«§Wm§n¡H$s EH$hr J«§W Ë`m H$nmQ>mV R>odbm OmUma Zmhr. AWdm Ë`mM H$nmQ>mVrb
EH$hr JǤW XodKodrgmR>r ~mhoa H$mT>bm OmUma Zmhr.
EH$m doir EH$M H$nmQ> nyU©nUo ñH°$qZJ H$ê$Z ¿`mdo. hmVmV KoVbobo H$nmQ>
nyU© hmoV Zmhr Vmon`ªV H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVrV Xwgao H$nmQ> ñH°$qZJH$[aVm KoD$Z Z`o.
n{hbo H$nmQ> nyU© Z hmoVmM Xwgao H$nmQ> ñH°$qZJH$[aVm KoVë`mg gd©M H$m_ AY©dQ>
hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. nS>VmiUrMo H$m_ nyU© hmoUma Zmhr. Ë`mVyZhr nS>VmiUrMo
H$m_ H$go~go nyU©Ëdmg Zoë`mg Ë`m_Ü`o Z {_iUmar nwñVHo$ nwÝhm emoYVmZm AZoH$
AS>Wio `oVmV. Ë`m_wio AmnU H$moUVo J«§W ñH°$Z Ho$bobo AmhoV Vo g_OV Zmhr Am{U
ñH°$Z Pmbobo d Z Pmbobo g_OyZ KoÊ`m_Ü`o doi dm`m OmVmo. H$m_mV gwgyÌVm amhV
Zmhr. Ë`m_wio EH$m doir EH$ H$nmQ> d EH$m H$nmQ>mMo gd© H$ßno EH$mM doir ñH°$Z
H$ê$Z KoUo _hÎdmMo Amho.
XodKod gwê$ R>do mdr
J«§W nS>VmiUr gwê$ Agboë`m H$mbmdYrV XodKod gwê$ R>odÊ`mg haH$V Zmhr.
Aer XodKod gwê$ R>odVmZm Á`m H$nmQ>mbm grb bmdbobo Agob qH$dm Á`m H$nmQ>mVrb
J«§W nS>VmiyZ Pmbobo AgVrb Ë`m H$nmQ>mVrb J«§Wm§Mr XodKod H$aVm `oD$ eH$V Zmhr.
nS>VmiUr Pmboë`m H$nmQ>mbm grb Ho$bobo Agë`m_wio Ë`m H$nmQ>mVrb J«§Wm§Mr XodKod
AmnmoAmn ~§X hmoB©b. na§Vw H$nmQ>mbm bm°H$Mr gmo` Zgë`mg nS>VmiUr Ho$boë`m
H$nmQ>mVrb JǤWhr H$mhr doim XodKodrgmR>r MwHy$Z KoVbm OmD$ eH$Vmo. Ago hmoD$ Z`o
`mgmR>r I~aXmarMm Cnm` åhUyZ XodKod H$aUmè`m H$_©Mmè`m§Zr XodKodrgmR>r J«§W
H$nmQ>mVyZ H$mT>VmZm àË`oH$ doir H$nmQ>mÀ`m grb Ho$boë`m {R>H$mUr nmhÿZ ImÌr
H$ê$ZM J«§W H$mT>mdm.
darb àH$mao EH$ EH$ H$nmQ> ñH°$Z H$ê$Z KoD$Z J«§Wmb`mVrb gd©M H$nmQ>o /
a°H$ `m§_Ü`o AgUmao gd© J«§W nS>VmiyZ ¿`mdoV.
H$m_mÀ`m Zm|Xr
H$nmQ>mdarb J«§Wm§Mr nrS>rQ>rÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo nS>VmiUr H$arV AgVmZm Ë`m
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 43
H$m_mÀ`m Zm|Xr R>odUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Aem Zm|Xr R>odë`m_wio nS>VmiUrÀ`m H$m_mV
AS>Wim Ambobm bjmV `oVmo. AS>Wim H$moUVm Amho ho bjmV Amë`mda Vmo H$gm Xya
H$amd`mMm `m~m~V {ZU©` KoVm `oVmo. AS>Wim `oUma Zmhr `mMr I~aXmar KoVm `oVo.
nS>VmiUrÀ`m H$m_mÀ`m Zm|Xr R>odÊ`mH$[aVm nwT>rbà_mUo H$m°b_ AgUmao a{OñQ>a
V`ma R>odmdo. gmÜ`m H$mJXmda Zm|Xr Ho$ë`m Varhr Mmby eH$Vo. _mÌ Ë`m Zm|Xr EH$m
{d{eï> \$mB©bbm bmdyZ R>odUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
A.H«$.
{XZm§H$
H$nmQ> H«$_m§H$
nrS>rQ>r _Yrb Sr. No.
nmgyZ
n`ªV
EHy$U
1.
2.
n{hë`m H$nmQ>mVrb Zm|Xr
darbà_mUo H$m°b_ Agboë`m a{OñQ>a_Ü`o {XZm§H$ `m H$m°b__Ü`o Á`m {XZm§H$mbm
ñH°$qZJbm gwédmV Ho$bobr Agob Vmo {XZm§H$ {bhmdm. H$nmQ> H«$_m§H$ `m H$m°b_Ü`o Á`m
H$nmQ>mVrb gd© J«§W ñH°$Z H$ê$Z Pmbobo AmhoV Ë`mMm H«$_m§H$ {bhmdm.
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Ambobm Sr. No. "nmgyZ' `m H$m°b__Ü`o Zm|X H$amdm. hm Sr. No. åhUOo XmIb
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nrS>rQ>r `m _erZ_Ü`o XmI{dbobm Sr. No. "nmgyZ' `m H$m°b__Ü`o {bhmdm. hm Sr.
No. åhUOo XmIb H«$_m§H$ Zìho. Xwgè`m H$ßß`mVrb gd© J«§W ñH°$Z H$ê$Z g§në`mZ§Va
nrS>rQ>r _erZ_Ü`o Agbobm Sr. No. "n`ªV' `m H$m°b__Ü`o {bhmdm. hm Sr. No.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 44
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g_Oob.
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nrS>rQ>r `m _erZ_Ü`o XmI{dbobm Sr. No. "nmgyZ' `m H$m°b__Ü`o {bhmdm. hm Sr.
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_erZ_Yrb Sr. No. "n`ªV' `m H$m°b__Ü`o {bhmdm. hm Sr. No. åhUOo XmIb
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 45
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gd©M J«§Wm§Mo ñH°$qZJMo H$m_H$mO nyU© hmoB©n`ªV H$arV amhmdo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 46
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 47
AS>Wio d Cnm``moOZm
1. {dÚwV nwadR>m
2. nrS>rQ>rMo \w$b Mm{OªJ
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4. JǤW XodKod Mmby AgUo.
5. _Zwî`~imMm BVaÌ dmna H$aUo.
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nrS>rQ>r _erZ_Yrb ñH°$qZJ Ho$bobm S>mQ>m Q´>mÝg\$a H$aÊ`mH$[aVm AYm© Vo EH$
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ghO _mV H$aVm `oD$ eH$Vo.
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H$nmQ>mVrb J«§Wm§Zm _mJUr `oD$ eH$Vo. VgoM J«§W nS>VmiUr H$arV AgVmZm XodKod
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doJù`m H$nmQ>mV R>odÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho.
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nyU© hmoB©b VgVer XodKodrH$[aVm CnbãY AgUmè`m J«§Wm§Mr g§»`m H$_rH$_r hmoV
OmUma Amho. EH$ jU Agm Agob, H$s gd©M H$nmQ>m§Vrb gd©M J«§Wm§Mo ñH°$qZJ nyU©
Pmbobo Agob. Ë`mZ§Va gd©M J«W§ XodKodrH$[aVm Iwbo hmoVrb.
(5) _Zwî`~imMm BVaÌ dmna H$aUo
nS>VmiUrÀ`m H$m_mH$[aVm {Xbobo _Zwî`~i BVaÌ H$moUË`mVar H$m_mH$[aVm
di{dÊ`mV `oV.o Ë`m_wio nS>VmiUrMo H$m_H$mO Wm§~Vo qH$dm a|JmiVo. n[aUm_r OodT>çm
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Zmhr. Ë`mgmR>r OmXm H$mbmdYr bmJVmo. {OVH$m H$mbmdYr OmñV bmJob {VVŠ`m
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 48
doimodoir nrS>rQ>r _erZ_Yrb ñH°$Z Ho$bobm S>mQ>m g§JUH$mV doJir \$mB©b
H$ê$Z Ë`mV Q´>mÝg\$a Ho$bobm AgVmo. hm S>mQ>m EH$Ì gbJ H$ê$Z ¿`mdm. øm \$mB©b_Yrb
S>mQ>m J«§Wmb` g§JUH$ àUmbr (Library software) _Ü`o bmoS> H$amdm. Ë`mZ§Va
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àUmbrVrb AmkmdbtMm dmna H$amdm. nwT>rbà_mUo Ahdmb ñH«$sZda {Xgob.
(1)
Total No. of Books in Library
:
(2)
Total No. of Books Scanned
:
(3)
Total No. of Books Write Off
:
(4)
Total No. of Books issued to the Readers
:
(5)
Total No. of Missing Books
:
darbà_mUo J«§Wmb`mVrb EHy$U J«§Wm§Mr g§»`m, ñH°$Z Ho$boë`m EHy$U J«§Wm§Mr
g§»`m, {Zb}{IV Ho$boë`m EHy$U J«§Wm§Mr g§»`m, dmMH$m§Zm {Xboë`m EHy$U J«§Wm§Mr
g§»`m Am{U Jhmi (missing) Pmboë`m J«§Wm§Mr g§»`m hr _m{hVr ñH«$sZda ñnï>
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qàQ> H$mT>Vm `oB©b. CXmhaUmW©,
(1) g§JUH$ àUmbrVrb Total No. of Missing Books da _mD$gZo S>~b
pŠbH$ Ho$ë`mg "{_qgJ' J«§Wm§Mr `mXr ñH«$sZda {Xgob. Ë`mMr H$mJXmda qàQ>
hdr Agë`mg AmnU Ver qàQ> H$mTy> eH$Vmo.
(2) g§JUH$ àUmbrVrb Total No. of Books issued to the Readers da
_mD$gZo S>~b pŠbH$ Ho$ë`mg "dmMH$m§Zm {Xboë`m' J«§Wm§Mr `mXr ñH«$sZda
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 49
{Xgob. Ë`mMr H$mJXmda qàQ> hdr Agë`mg AmnU Ver qàQ> H$mTy> eH$Vmo.
(3) g§JUH$ àUmbrVrb Total No. of Books Write Off da _mD$gZo S>~b
pŠbH$ Ho$ë`mg "{Zb}{IV Ho$boë`m' J«§Wm§Mr `mXr ñH«$sZda {Xgob. Ë`mMr
H$mJXmda qàQ> hdr Agë`mg AmnU Ver qàQ> H$mTy> eH$Vmo.
h[aV J«W
§ mb`o (Green Libraries)
doXdVr hã~w
g_mamon
Aem àH$mao J«W§ nS>VmiUrMo A{Ve` {O{H$arMo, doiImD$, H§$Q>midmUo dmQ>Umao
H$m_ nrS>rQ>r BboŠQ´>m{° ZH$ h±S> _erZÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo H$_rV H$_r doimV A{Ve` gwb^VoZo
H$ê$ eH$Vmo. nrS>rQ>r _erZÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo Ho$boë`m H$m_mV MwH$m A{O~mV hmoV
ZmhrV. H$m_m_Ü`o V§VmoV§VnUm AgVmo. `m_wio Amnbm CËgmh dmT>Vmo. `m H§$Q>midmÊ`m
H$m_mMr Q>mimQ>mi hmoV Zmhr. H$_rV H$_r doioV H$m_ nyU©M hmoVo. dmMH$m§Mr J¡agmo`
hmoV Zmhr.
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 50
n`m©daUmMm èhmg, d¡pídH$ CîUVm_mZ (Global Warming), n¥ÏdrMo g§ajU
H$aUo ømda AmVm OmJ{VH$ nmVirda hmbMmbr, MMm© d _mo{h_m hmVr KoVë`m OmV
AmhoV Am{U hiyhiy øm§Mm Omoahr dmTy> bmJbm Amho. ømda Cnm` åhUyZ Z¡g{J©H$
g§nÎmrMr ~MV H$aUo \$maM Amdí`H$ R>aV Amho. øm Z¡g{J©H$ g§nÎmrV d¥jVmoS> AWdm
O§JbVmoS> Wm§~dUo, d¥jmamonU H$aUo, nmUr~MV d Ë`mdarb Cnm`, D$O}Mr ~MV
åhUyZ gm¡aD$O}Mm dmna, ßb°pñQ>H$da ~§Xr, BË`mXr AZoH$ Cnm` M{M©bo OmV AmhoV
Am{U amÁ`mamÁ`m§VyZ, XoemXoem§VyZ ømda Cnm``moOZm H$m`m©pÝdV Ho$ë`m OmV AmhoV.
Ë`m~Ôb OmJê$H$Vmhr {Z_m©U Ho$br OmVo Amho. AmnUhr øm~m~V dV©_mZnÌo,
XyaXe©Zdarb Om{hamVr nmhVmo, EoH$Vmo d dmMVmohr AmhmoV. àË`j d An«Ë`j[aË`m
AmnU ømV gh^mJrhr hmoVmo qH$dm H$m` H$amdo, øm g§^«_mVhr amhVmo. åhUyZM
doJdoJù`m g§H$ënZm dmMH$m§n`ªV nmohMdyZ Ë`mVrb H$mhr H$ënZm àË`j am~dUo
Ë`m§Zm eŠ` ìhmdo ømgmR>r `oWo J«rZ hmD$gog qH$dm J«rZ {~pëS>¨½O hr g§H$ënZm _m§S>V
Amho. øm h[aV B_maVtMmM EH$ ^mJ åhUOo "h[aV J«§Wmb`o'.
h[aV B_maVr qH$dm J«§Wmb`m§Zm "Sustainable Buildings / Libraries'
Agohr g§~moYVmV. åhUOoM "ApñVËdmV Agboë`m qH$dm ñWm`r ñdê$nmVrb H$moUË`mhr
dmñVyMr n`m©daUmZwHy$b aMZm / ~Xb H$aUo hmo`.' A_o[aHo$Vrb h[aV B_maVr
`moOZm§g§~§YmVrb g§ñWm§À`m _Vo, Á`m B_maVr Imbrb KQ>H$m§Mr nyV©Vm H$ê$Z ZdrZ
B_maVr, Kao ~m§YVrb qH$dm Amho Ë`mM dmñVyV OmñVrV OmñV à_mUmV nwT>rb `moOZm
am~dVrb Ë`m§Zm "h[aV B_maVr' åhUmdo Ago gwM{dbo Amho.
(1) n`m©daUnyaH$ OmJoMr {ZdS> … Ë`mZwgma ~m§YH$m_mMm AmamIS>m AgyZ,
~m§YH$m_mMo gm_mZ dmnaUo; CXmhaUmW©, `mo½` {Xem R>adUo OoUoH$ê$Z COoS>,
hdm ^anya `oB©b. N>Vm§da nmaXe©H$ \$m`~a ½bmg (eŠ` Agob VoWo) dmnamdo,
XJS>, {dQ>m, ~m§~y§Mm dmna H$aUo, bmH$S>mMm dmna H$_rV H$_r H$aUo, BË`mXr.
(2) nmÊ`mMr ~MV, nwZdm©na d ñd`§{gÕVm … Ogo nmdgmÀ`m nmÊ`mMr gmR>dU
H$ê$Z nmUrnwadR>m H$aUo (Rain-water Harvesting), ~moAadob AWdm
[a¨Jdob ImoXUo, BË`mXr d gm§S>nmUr ~mJH$m_mgmR>r dmnaUo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 51
(3) D$O}Mr ~MV d {VMm `mo½` Vmo dmna … drO~MVrgmR>r Z¡g{J©H$ COoS>mMm
OmñVrV OmñV dmna H$ê$Z KoUo, gm¡aD$O}Mm dmna d Ë`mgmR>r bmJUmar `§ÌUm
~g{dUo, hdm IoiVr amhrb ømMr H$miOr KoUo.
(4) H$Mam qH$dm Q>mH$mD$ dñVy H$_r H$aUo.
(5) ñWm{ZH$ dñVy, gm{hË`, gm_mZ, _Zwî`~imMm dmna H$aUo.
(6) B_maVr (ømV J«§Wmb`ohr A§V^y©V AmhoV) qH$dm KamVrb dmVmdaU ho n`m©daU
nmofH$ Agmdo. CXmhaUmW©, H$_r drO bmJUmao {Xdo (CFL bulbs), ao\$« sOaoQ>a,
dmVmZwHy${bV `§Ìo, VgoM Z¡g{J©H$ COoS>, hdm `m§Mm {dMma, AmOy~mOybm PmS>o
bmdUo, BË`mXr.
(7) n`m©daU g§dY©Zmbm AZwHy$b Ago AmamIS>o ~Z{dUo d Ë`mZwgma aMZm H$aVm
`oB©b H$m ? øm g§X^m©V {dMma d g§emoYZ H$aUo. øm Ñï>rZo AmO dmñVwemñÌk
XoIrb H$m`©aV AmhoV.
darb _wÚm§dê$Z "h[aV B_maVr' åhUOo H$m` ho bjmV `oVoM. AmO OJ^amVrb
dmñVwemñÌkhr Ë`m Ñï>rZo H$m`© H$ê$Z ZdrZ AmamIS>o, ~m§YH$m_gm{hË`mMr {ZdS>
H$aV AmhoV.
21ì`m eVH$mH$S>o dmQ>Mmb H$aVmZm OgOgm ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmMm àgma {dñVmaV
Amho Am{U Á`m à_mUmV d¥jVmoS> hmoV Amho, drO Am{U nmÊ`mMr ZmgmS>r hmoV Amho,
VgVer h[aV H«$m§VrMr _mohr_ am~dUohr Amdí`H$ R>aV Amho Am{U ho à`ËZ gd©
joÌm§VyZ, gd© ñVam§da hmoUo JaOoMo Amho. AmO OmJoMr Q>§MmB© hr JhZ g_ñ`m dmT>Ë`m
bmoH$g§»`o_wio ^oS>gmdVo Amho. Voìhm hr n`m©daU OmonmgUmar Kao H$er ~m§Ym`Mr hm
àíZ nS>ob. åhUyZM Amho Ë`mM dmñVyMm OmñVrV OmñV dmna H$aUo, A§VJ©V aMZm
n`m©daU nyaH$ H$aUo, ApñVËdmV Agboë`m gmYZm§Mm nwaonya dmna H$aUo JaOoMo R>aV
Amho. _J J«§Wmb`o Var ømbm H$er AndmX R>aVrb ? h[aV J«§Wmb`o hr AmOÀ`m
eVH$mMr JaO Amho.
darb _wÚm§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z Amnë`mbm h[aV J«§Wmb`m§Mo {Z`moOZ H$aVm `oB©b
d gÜ`m Agboë`m J«§Wmb`mVhr AmnU H$mhr `moOZm am~dy eHy$ Am{U åhUyZM h[aV
J«§Wmb`o qH$dm B_maVtZm "Sustainable Libraries' H$m åhUVmV ho ghO bjmV
`oBb
© .
h[aV J«§Wmb`m§Mr {ZpíMV Aer EImXr ì`m»`m Zmhr. na§Vw {d{H$nr{S>`m
kmZH$moemV h[aV J«§Wmb`m~m~V nwT>rbà_mUo {ddoMZ Ho$bo Amho
are being built all over the world with many high profile projects
bringing the concept into mainstream along with library, green design
is an emerging trend defining the library of the 21st century."
J«§Wmb`m§À`m d¡{eîQ>çnyU© Aem kmZàgmamÀ`m H$m`m©_wio g_mOmV J«§Wmb`o hr
_hÎdnyU© H$m_{Jar ~OmdV AgVmV. H$moUË`mhr g_mOmbm CËH$fm©H$S>o ZoÊ`mgmR>r,
~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mgmgmR>r J«§Wmb`m§Mr Amdí`H$Vm àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZM ^mgV Ambr
Amho. H$moUË`mhr XoemMm Eo{Vhm{gH$ R>odm, gm§ñH¥${VH$ _yë`o Am{U àJVr J«§Wmb`m§{dZm
AeŠ` Amho. H$maU J«§Wmb`o hr kmZàgmamMr H|$Ðo AmhoV. {dkmZ Agmo dm H$bm,
d¡ÚH$s` joÌ Agmo dm amOH$s` joÌ, J«§Wmb`m{dZm nwT>rb àJVr AeŠ`M. åhUyZ øm
h[aV B_maVrÀ`m _mo{h_oV J«§Wmb`m§À`m gh^mJm{edm` nwT>o OmUo H$R>rUM. åhUyZM
{d{H$nr{S>`m kmZH$moemV nwT>o åhQ>bo Amho.
"Many view the Library as having a unique role in the green
building movement due to its altraistic mission, public and pedagogical
nature & the fact that new libraries are usually high profile,
community driven project."
"Green Libraries are a part of the larger green building
movement. Also known as sustainable libraries. Green Libraries
IamoIaM g_mOmbm {Xem XoÊ`mMo H$m_ dmMZmb`o Am{U J«§Wmb`o H$arV
AgVmV. XoemMr Iar g_¥Õr hr Ë`m XoemVrb J«§Wmb`m§dê$ZM R>aV AgVo. ømgmR>r
h[aV J«§Wmb`m§À`m øm MidirVrb Amnbmhr gh^mJ Agmdm åhUyZ Amnë`m
J«§Wmb`mV AmnU nwT>rb CnH«$_ am~dy eH$Vmo.
(1) J«§Wmb`mVrb gd© {IS>Š`m gwpñWVrV R>odyZ Ë`m CKS>çm R>odÊ`mMr gmo` H$ê$Z
KoUo (Oa Zgob Va!) øm_wio hdm d àH$me ghO AmV `oB©b d {Xdo Am{U n§Io
H$_r dmnamV `oVrb d drO~MV hmoB©b. ho Oa eŠ` Zgob Va {dOoMm dmna
H$aVmZm Q>çy~, {Xdo ho grE\$EbMo (CFL) dmnamdoV d Vo Zoh_r ñdÀN>
R>odmdoV åhUOo ^anya àH$me {_iob. ñdÀN>VmJ¥hmV _§X àH$memMo åhUOoM
H$_r j_VoÀ`m {Xì`m§Mm dmna H$amdm. dmVmZwHy$bZ `§Ìo Amdí`H$Vonojm OmñV
_moR>r R>ody Z`oV. Ë`mZo AmЩVm emofbr Z OmVm OmñV W§S>mdm {_iVmo; nU
{dOoMm Anì`` Iyn hmoVmo. VgoM Ë`mMm dmnahr H$_r H$amdm. g§JUH$mdarb
H$m_ Zgob Voìhm ñH«$sZgoìhaMm dmna Z H$aVm g§JUH$ "ñbrn _moS>' _Ü`o
R>odm. JaO Agob Ë`m H$jmVrb {Xdo, n§Io d BVa drO CnH$aUo ~§X H$am.
eŠ`Vmo gy`à© H$me AgVmZm {Xì`m§Mm dmna H$_r H$am. dmMZH$j eŠ` Agë`mg
COoS> OmñV Agob Aem {R>H$mUr hbdmdm qH$dm Ver gmo` hmoVo H$m ho nmhmdo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 52
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 53
N>Vm§da COoS>mgmR>r \$m`~a ½bmg (Á`mVyZ COoS> AmV `oD$ eHo$b nU nmÊ`mnmgyZ
~Mmd hmoB©b.) ~gdVm `oB©b H$m ømMm {dMma H$amdm.
(2) nmUr ~MVrgmR>rhr J«§Wmb`mVrb gd© Zi gwpñWVrV R>odmdoV. Zi JiVr
Wm§~dmdr. ZimVyZ nmUr \$ma _moR>çm à_mUmV Z `oÊ`mgmR>r bhmZ YmaoMo Zi
~gdmdoV. gm§S>nmÊ`mMm dmna J«§Wmb`mVrb Hw§$S>çm, AmOy~mOyMr PmS>o, bm°Z
øm§gmR>r H$amdm.
(3) ñdÀN>VmJ¥hmVrb âbe 1 Vo 1Ÿ&& {bQ>a nmÊ`mÀ`m j_VoMo R>odmdoV.
(4) J«§Wmb`mV Yyi H$_r `mdr åhUyZ AmOy~mOyg bm°Z AWdm d¥jmamonU H$amdo.
øm_wio Z¡g{J©H$ Jmadm {_iyZ YwirnmgyZ ajU hmoVo. drO dmMVo d dmVmdaUhr
CËgmhr amhVo.
(5) H$mJXmMr ~MV … J«§Wmb`mV àH$meH$m§À`m gyMr `oVmV, _m{hVrnÌHo$ `oVmV.
øm§Mm Cn`moJ Pmë`mda Oa _mJMr ~mOy H$moar Agob Va H$ÀÀ`m _gwÚmgmR>r,
A§VJ©V nÌì`dhmamgmR>r Ë`mMm dmna H$amdm qH$dm nwZdm©namgmR>r (aÔr åhUyZ)
ì`dpñWV ~m§YyZ R>odmdr.
(6) B©-~wŠg, B©-OZ©ëg øm§Mm dmna dmT>dyZhr H$mJX ~MV H$aVm `oB©b. Ë`m_wio
OmJoMrhr ~MV hmoB©b.
(7) OmJoÀ`m ~MVrgmR>r XmoZ àVr AgVrb d Or \$maer dmnamV Z `oUmar Xw_r©i
nwñVHo$ AgVrb Aem§À`m grS>r V`ma H$ê$Z R>odmì`mV. _m`H«$mo{\$pë_¨J
(gyú_Üd{Z\$sV) H$amdo. J«§Wmb`mVrb OwZr d H$mb~mø nwñVHo$ {ZH$mbmV
H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r (weeding-out) `moOZm AmImdr. øm_wio OmJoMr d n`m©`mZo
~m§YH$m_gm{hË`, {dOoMr ~MV AmoKmZoM `oB©b.
(8) ~m§YH$m_ H$aVmZm bmH$S>mMm dmna H$_r H$ê$Z, ~m§~y, \$m`~a øm§Mm dmna
dmT>V Amho ømMm {dMma Z¸$sM ìhmdm. ~m§~M
§y r dmT> {XdgmJ{UH$ hmoV Agë`mZo
Vo _O~yV Agë`mZo Ë`mMm dmna `mo½` R>aVmo. ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§Mm
Cn`moJ H$ê$Z ¿`mdm, ñWm{ZH$ gm{hË` dmnamdo. Ë`mZo noQ´>mob d dmhVyH$ IM©
dmMVmo.
(9) ßb°pñQ>H$Mm dmna Q>mimdm d {Z`VH$m{bHo$, nwñVHo$ nmg©b H$aVmZm nwÇ>o dm OwZo
nona dmnamdoV.
(10) gm¡aD$O}Mm dmna H$ê$Zhr {dOoMm dmna `mo½` à_mUmV H$aVm `oB©b. VgoM
H$Mè`mMr {Z{_©Vrhr OmñV hmoUma Zmhr, ømgmR>r Cnm` `moOVm `oVrb.
ømà_mUo AZoH$ Cnm` Amnmnë`m n[apñWVrZwgma {dMmanyd©H$ A_bmV AmUVm
`oVrb. darb Cnm`m§V Amnë`mhr H$ënZmeº$sMm dmna H$ê$Z J§«Wnmb Amnbo J«§Wmb`
"h[aV' H$ê$ eH$VmV.
AmO OJ^amVrb dmñVwemñÌkhr Kao, B_maVtMr aMZm n`m©daUmer g_Vmob
~gdyZ H$er H$aVm `oVrb øm Ñï>rZo AmamIS>o d aMZm (Design) H$ê$Z g§emoYZ
H$aV AmhoV. ZwH$VoM {¼íMZ g_mOmbm, AmM©{~en AmogdmëS> J«o{gAg øm§Zr _¥V
ì`º$sMo X\$Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnamV `oUmè`m bmH$S>r noQ>çm (coffin) Z dmnaÊ`mMo
AmìhmZ Ho$bo Amho. n`m©daU ajUmgmR>r Ho$dT>r hr Vi_i ! AmnUhr Amnë`m
J«§Wmb`mV øm MidirMm d¥j bmdy `m Am{U "h[aV J«§Wmb`o' Am{U {hadr g§nÎmr
nwT>rb {nT>rbm XoD$ `m.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 54
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 55
Q>rn … ga O. Or. dmñVwemñÌ _hm{dÚmb`mVrb J«§Wnmb åhUyZ {Z`wº$s Pmë`mda
boIH$mZo ñdV… nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z H$mhr Cnm` gwê$ Ho$bo AmhoV.
g§X^©
(1)
Green Homes, efficient, healthy, smart by R. K. Gautham,
Hyderabad, B. S. Publishers, 2009.
(2)
Green Architecture, guide of sustainable design, by Michael
J. Crosbie, Rockport (U.S.A.), Rockport Publi., 1994.
(4)
gwImdh jUm§gmR>r, ñdV…À`m Am{U BVam§À`mhr; doXdVr hã~w, _w§~B©, Q>m°n
npãbHo$eÝg, 2006.
(5)
www.greenlibraries.org
(6)
en.wikipedia.org.
ooo
Xya{ejU àUmbrV {ejH$m§Zm AmË_gmV
H$amdr bmJUmar H$m¡eë`o
lr. à_moX I§Xmao
ghm`H$ àmÜ`mnH$, g§JUH$ emñÌ {dÚmemIm
`ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$
àmñVm{dH$
B§Q>aZoQ>À`m dmnamnmgyZ g§XoedhZmVrb n[adV©Zmbm gwédmV Pmbr. _mÌ Ë`mg
Iam doJ Joë`m XeH$mVM Ambm. V§ÌkmZmV doJmZo hmoV Jobb
o r àJVr d ½bmo~bm`PoeZ_wio
Pmboë`m ~Xbm§Zr AmYw{ZH$ OJmV g§XoedhZ d Ë`mMm Am¡Úmo{JH$ dmna `mMo _hÎd
AZÝ`gmYmaUnUo dmT>bo. g§JUH$mMm gd©M joÌm§V dmT>Vm dmna `mMm _mZdmÀ`m
X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmVrb gd©M ~m~tda gImob n[aUm_ Pmbm Amho. Am¡Úmo{JH$ àJVrV
g§JUH$mMm gh^mJ \$maM _moR>m Amho. Am¡Úmo{JH$ OJmV Á`mbm g§JUH$ dmnamMo
kmZ d H$m¡eë` Amho, AemM ì`º$sg ZmoH$arda KoVmZm àmYmÝ` {Xbo OmVo. g§JUH$mÀ`m
à^mdmZo `mnojmhr _moR>m ~Xb g_mOmV KS>V Amho. Vmo åhUOo "kmZm{Y{ð>V' g_mOmH$S>o
gwê$ Pmbobr dmQ>Mmb. B§Q>aZoQ>À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _m{hVrMm àM§S> òmoV AmO gdmªn`ªV
nmohmoMV Amho d Ë`m_wio OJ^amVrb bmoH$m§_Ü`o _m{hVrMr XodmU-KodmU H$aUo eŠ`
Pmbo Amho. EH$mM àH$ënmda doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUr amhÿZ AZoH$ VÁk EH${ÌVnUo H$m_
H$aV AmhoV. B§Q>aZoQ>Ûmao gdmªgmR>r AZoH$ {df`m§da _m{hVrMo bmImo g§J«h gdmªgmR>r
CnbãY Amho. Ë`m_wio hì`m Ë`m {df`mMr ZdZdrZ _m{hVr {_i{dUo ghO gmÜ`
Pmbo Amho. ZdrZ V§ÌkmZm_wio gd©gm_mÝ` _mUgmg AmO {OVŠ`m _moR>çm à_mUmV
hì`m Ë`m {df`mMr _m{hVr ghO CnbãY Amho, {VVH$s Vr Ë`mnydu H$YrM CnbãY
ZìhVr. ho gd© B§Q>aZoQ> d g§JUH$mVrb AÚ`mdV V§ÌkmZm_wio eŠ` Pmbo Amho.
g§JUH$mMm dmna e¡j{UH$ joÌmVhr dmT>V Amho. {ejH$ {eH$dÊ`mgmR>r _moR>çm
à_mUmda g§JUH$mMm dmna H$arV AmhoV. Ë`m_wio {eH${dÊ`mÀ`m d {eH$Ê`mÀ`m
à{H«$`oV _moR>m ~Xb hmoV Amho. CXmhaUmW©, {S>{OQ>b ~moS>©À`m gmhmæ`mZo {ejH$
EH$mM doir AZoH$ {R>H$mUÀ`m {dÚmÏ`mªZm {eH$dy eH$Vmo d {dÚmÏ`uhr Ë`m§À`mer
g§nH©$ gmYy eH$VmV.
àñVwV g§emoYZ{Z~§YmMr C{Ôï>o
g§JUH$mMm d g§XoedhZ V§ÌkmZmMm Xya{ejUmÀ`m nmMì`m {nT>rV _hÎdmMm
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 56
gh^mJ AgUma Amho. `m {nT>rÀ`m {ejUì`dñWoV, B§Q>aZoQ>, do~ Q>oŠZm°bm°Or,
_pëQ>_r{S>`m Q>oŠZm°bm°Or, g§JUH$mMr _m{hVr d à{H«$`m H$aÊ`mMr dmT>bobr j_Vm,
gm°âQ>doAaMr A{VàM§S> _m{hVr hmVmiÊ`mMr gw{dYm `m§Mm _moR>çm à_mUmda dmna
H$aÊ`mV `oB©b. hr {ejUì`dñWm Zì`mZoM ApñVËdmV `oV Agë`mZo {dÚmWu d
{ejH$ `m§Zm AZoH$ ZdrZ H$m¡eë`o {eH$mdr bmJUma AmhoV. gXa emoY{Z~§YmV
{ejH$m§Zm _r nwT>À`m {nT>rÀ`m {ejU ì`dñWoV H$moUH$moUVr ZdrZ H$m¡eë`o AmË_gmV
H$amdr bmJUma AmhoV, Ë`mMm doY KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho.
emoY{Z~§YmMr ì`már
g§JUH$ d B§Q>aZoQ>À`m V§ÌkmZmV doJmZo hmoUmè`m ~XbmMm (àJVrMm) Xya{ejU
nÕVrda hmoUmè`m n[aUm_m§Mm Aä`mg H$aVmZm Xya{ejU nÕVrVrb {ejH$m§Zm
H$moUH$moUVr ZdrZ H$m¡eë`o AmË_gmV H$amdr bmJVrb, `mnwaVrM emoY{Z~§YmMr
ì`már _`m©{XV Amho.
ZdrZ {ejUì`dñWm
B§Q>aZoQ> d g§JUH$mÀ`m àJVrZo {ejUjoÌmV \$ma _moR>çm ~Xbmbm gwédmV
Pmbr Amho. ^{dî`mVrb `mÀ`m à^mdr dmnam_wio {ejH$, {dÚmWu, g§emoYH$,
{ejUVÁk, Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌmVrb VÁk `m gdmªZm EH${ÌVH$nUo OmoSy>Z {dÚmÏ`mªMo
{ejU A{YH$M n[aUm_H$maH$ H$aUo eŠ` hmoUma Amho d Ë`mÛmao A{YH$ àJë^
{dÚmWu KS>{dbo OmVrb. B§Q>aZoQ>Ûmao e¡j{UH$ gw{dYm XoÊ`mg AZoH$ {dÚmnrR>m§VyZ
gwédmV Pmbr Amho. Ë`mVhr Xya{ejU nÕVrZo {ejU XoUmar àJV XoemVrb {dÚmnrR>o
AJ«oga AmhoV. _pëQ>_r{S>`mMm dmna H$ê$Z ~Z{dboë`m Aä`mgH«$_m§da AmYm[aV
B§Q>aZoQ> d g§JUH$mÛmao øm {dÚmnrR>m§_m\©$V OJmVrb {dÚmÏ`mªZm {ejU KoÊ`mMr
gw{dYm CnbãY Amho. øm gw{dYo_wio {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m {ejU KoÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$`oV _moR>m
~Xb KSy>Z `oV Amho. `m ZdrZ e¡j{UH$ nÕVr_wio {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m {eH$Ê`mÀ`m d
g_OÊ`mÀ`m nÕVrV Am_ybmJ« gH$mamË_H$ ~Xb hmoV Amho. {dÚmÏ`mªZm g§JUH$mda
AmYm[aV {_iUmao Cƒ XOm©Mo AÜ``Zgm{hË` hm _hÎdmMm KQ>H$ Amho. `mV A°{Z_oeZ,
{MÌ{\$Vr, A{YH$ _m{hVrgmR>r g§X^© qbH$, g_Oon`ªV AZoH$ doim ~KÊ`mMr gw{dYm
d B§Q>ap° ŠQ>pìhQ>r `m_wio Vo (AÜ``Z gm{hË`) A{YH$M à^mdr Pmbo Amho. hr ZdrZ
e¡j{UH$ gw{dYm {dÚmÏ`mªZm gO©Zerb ~Z{dÊ`mg _XV H$aVo Am{U Ë`mg ZdZdrZ
H$ënZm H$aÊ`mg, g§emoYZ H$aÊ`mg Am{U Ë`m§Mo ñdßZ gË`mV CVa{dÊ`mg gj_
H$aVo. gd© H$mi, gd© {R>H$mUr ghO CnbãY hmoD$ eH$Umar hr e¡j{UH$ gw{dYm
H$er dmnam`Mr ho {dÚmÏ`mªZm g_OmdyZ Úmdo bmJob. VgoM qgH«$moZg Am{U
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 57
AqgH«$moZg nÕVrZo H$go {eH$mdo ? `mM nÕVrMm dmna H$ê$Z H$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr
H$go H$m_ H$amdo ? _pëQ>_r{S>`m ~og AÜ``Zgm{hË` H$go dmnamdo ? Am°ZbmB©Z narjm
H$er Úmdr, {ejH$m§Zm {S>ñH$eZ \$moa_Mm dmna H$ê$Z àíZ H$go {dMmamdoV, doJdoJù`m
{R>H$mUr Agboë`m d doJù`m g§ñH¥$VrV, dmVmdaUmV dmT>bëo `m {dÚmÏ`mªZr EH$_oH$m§er
g§dmX H$gm gmYmdm ? AZoH$ {dÚmÏ`mªZr EH${ÌVnUo EH$mM àH$ënmda H$m_ H$aÊ`mMo
H$m¡eë` AmË_gmV H$amdo bmJob. VgoM, _m{hVrÀ`m _hmàM§S> òmoVm§_YyZ AmnUmg
hdr Vr _m{hVr emoYÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` {eH$mdo bmJob. hr gd© H$m¡eë`o {ejH$m§Zmhr
AmË_gmV H$amdr bmJVrb. `m e¡j{UH$ nÕVr_wio nwT>À`m {nT>rMo {dÚmWu {Z_m©U
hmoV AmhoV. `m {dÚmÏ`mªMr AmdS>, Ñï>r Am{U e¡j{UH$ JaO hr nma§n[aH$ nÕVrZo
{eH$Umè`m {dÚmÏ`mªnj
o m \$maM doJir Amho. Ë`m_wio {dÚmÏ`mªZm d {ejH$m§Zm AZoH$
ZdrZ H$m¡eë`o {eH$Ê`mMr JaO _moR>çm à_mUmda {Z_m©U Pmbr Amho.
ZdrZ H$m¡eë`m§Mo {díbofU
AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmda AmYm[aV e¡j{UH$ nÕVrV {d{dY àJV gmYZm§Mm dmna
d AmkmdbtMm (gm° â Q> d o A a) dmna A{Zdm`© Amho . _mÌ {ejUmMr à{H« $ `m
n[aUm_H$maH$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r {ejH$m§Zm `m àJV gmYZm§Mm dmna à^mdrnUo H$amdm
bmJUma Amho. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm V§ÌkmZ dmnamgmR>r bmJUmao ZdrZ H$m¡eë` {eH$mdo
bmJUma Amho d Ë`mMm H$ënH$VoZo, {Z_m©Uj_ dmna H$amdm bmJUma Amho. VgoM
{dÚmÏ`mªZmhr `m gmYZm§Mm dmna H$gm H$am`Mm ? `mMo à{ejU Úmdo bmJob. VgoM,
`m ^mdr {nT>rÀ`m {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m e¡j{UH$ JaOm d {eH$Ê`mMr nÕV {ejH$m§Zm g_OyZ
¿`mdr bmJUma Amho.
ZdrZ {ejUmMr nÕV hr Q>ßß`mQ>ßß`mZo gwê$ hmoUma Agë`mZo gwédmVrÀ`m
g§H«$_U H$mimV {ejH$m§Zm H$m`©nÕVr H$m d H$er ~XbV Amho ho g_OyZ ¿`mdo
bmJob d Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zm ZdrZ nÕV A{YH$ à^mdr H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amnbo `moJXmZ Úmdo
bmJob. VgoM BVa ghH$mè`m§Mm gh^mJ, Ë`m§Mr H$m`©nÕVr d H$m_mMr O~m~Xmar
g_OmdyZ ¿`mdr bmJob. V§ÌkmZmMm gm_m{OH$ VmaVå` dmnê$Z dmna H$amdm bmJob
OoUoH$ê$Z {eH$Ê`mMr à{H«$`m à^mdr hmoD$ eHo$b.
gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV V§ÌkmZmÀ`m _`m©Xm, n[anyU© gw{dYm§Mm A^md, Ë`mgmR>r
bmJUmar n¡em§Mr d VÁkm§Mr H$_VaVm øm ~m~tMm {dMma H$ê$Z CnbãY AgUmè`m
n`m©`m§VZy `mo½` n`m©`mMr {ZdS> H$amdr bmJob. Cƒ XOm©Mo {ejU g_mOmVrb OmñVrV
OmñV KQ>H$m§H$S>o nmohmoM{dÊ`mgmR>r doJdoJù`m _mJmªZr {deof à`ËZ H$amdo bmJVrb.
Ë`mgmR>r ì`dñWmnH$s` H$m¡eë`m§Mo kmZ {ejH$m§Zm AmË_gmV H$ê$Z ¿`mdo bmJob.
{dÚmWu Amnbr _Vo, {dMma, e§H$m, V§ÌkmZmÀ`m AmYmao ghO[aË`m _m§Sy>
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 58
eH$Vrb. {d{dY _m°S>oëg V`ma H$ê$ eH$Vrb. doJdoJù`m {df`m§da MMm© H$ê$
eH$Vrb. AZoH$ {dÚmWu doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUr amhÿZ EH$mM àH$ënmda H$m_ H$aVrb.
`m gd© CnH«$_m§gmR>r Ë`m§Zm e¡j{UH$ ghm`H$mMr JaO bmJob. _mÌ Ë`mMr H$m`©H$jmhr
{ejH$mbm nyaH$ Agob d Omo {dÚmÏ`mªZm EH${ÌVnUo Ë`m§Mo e¡j{UH$ Ü`o` gmÜ`
H$aÊ`mg _XV H$aob. `m ghm`H$mg {dÚmÏ`mªZm àdoemnydu {ejUH«$_mMr _m{hVr
XoUo, Ë`m§Mo g_wnXoeZ H$aUo, {dÚmÏ`mªZm {Z`moOZmV _XV H$aUo, Vm§{ÌH$ gmYZm§Mr
XoI^mb H$aUo, {S>ñH$eZ \$moa_da bj R>do Uo, {dÚmWu, {ejH$ Am{U VÁk `m§À`mV
g_Ýd` KSy>Z AmUUo Aer H$m_o H$amdr bmJVrb.
V§ÌkmZmMr àM§S> j_Vm d Ë`mMm {ejUm_Ü`o gw`mo½` dmna H$gm H$aVm `oBb
©
`mMm gVV {dMma H$ê$Z {ejH$m§Zm doJdoJio à`moJ H$amdo bmJVrb d Zì`mZo {dH${gV
hmoUmè`m V§ÌkmZmMo kmZ d Vo dmnam`Mo H$m¡eë` gVV AmË_gmV H$amdo bmJUma
Amho. {ejUVÁk, {ejH$ `m§Zm ZdZdrZ V§ÌkmZmMm Aä`mg H$ê$ Vo {ejUmV H$em
àH$mao à^mdrnUo dmnaVm `oB©b `mMm emoY ¿`mdm bmJob. Vo dmnamgmR>r {ejH$m§Zm
H$moUH$moUVr H$m¡eë`o AmË_gmV H$amdr bmJVrb, Vo {ZpíMV H$ê$Z BVa {ejH$m§Zm
Ë`mMo à{ejU Úmdo bmJob.
`m{edm` OJmVrb Hw$R>ë`mhr {dÚmÏ`mªZm `m à{ejU nÕVrV àdoe KoVm `oUo
eŠ` hmoB©b. Ë`m_wio {ejH$m§Zm doJdoJù`m g§ñWm§~amo~a ghH$m`m©Mm H$ama H$amdm
bmJob. VgoM doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUÀ`m VÁkm§er g§dmX gmYyZ VoWrb ñWm{ZH$ JaOm,
e¡j{UH$ JaOm, Am¡Úmo{JH$ g§ñWm§Zm H$em àH$maMo _Zwî`~i bmJob `mMm Aä`mg
H$amdm bmJob.
{ejH$m§Zm {Z`{_V {df`m§Vrb g§emoYZm{edm` doJù`m joÌmV g§emoYZ H$amdo
bmJob. Ogo, V§ÌkmZmMm gw`mo½` d e¡j{UH$ H$m_mgmR>r à^mdr dmna H$gm H$aVm
`oB©b, Am°ZbmB©Z nÕVrZo à^mdrnUo H$go {eH$dmdo, Ë`mgmR>r H$moUH$moUË`m nÕVr
Agmì`mV, ìhÀ`w©Ab à`moJemim§Mm n[aUm_H$maH$ Cn`moJ H$em àH$mao dmT>{dVm
`oB©b, g§JUH$mda AmYm[aV _pëQ>_r{S>`m ~og AÜ``Zgm{hË`mMr {Z{_©Vr d Ë`mMr
Cn`mo{JVm H$er dmT>dmdr `m§gma»`m AZoH$ ZdrZ {df`m§Mo g§emoYZ H$amdo bmJob.
`m {ejUnÕVrVrb {dÚmÏ`mªMr {dMmagaUr H$er Agob, Ë`m§À`m JaOm H$moUË`m,
dV©UHy $ H$er Agob d Ë`m§Mm nañnam§Vrb g§dmX H$em àH$mao dmT>dVm `oBb
© `m~m~VMo
g§emoYZ hmVr ¿`mdo bmJob. VgoM H$mhr {dÚmÏ`mªZm Vm§{ÌH$ gw{dYm nwaoem à_mUmV
CnbãY AgVrb Va H$mhr {dÚmÏ`mªZm Ë`m _`m©{XV ñdê$nmV CnbãY AgVrb.
Ë`m_wio {ejH$m§Zm `m ~m~tMm {dMma H$ê$Z ZdrZ _yë`_mnZ nÕVr {dH${gV H$amdr
bmJob.
_pëQ>_r{S>`m`wº$ AÜ``Zgm{hË` ~Z{dUo hr A{Ve` Vm§{ÌH$ d pŠbï> à{H«$`m
Amho. _mÌ Ë`mVrb {ejH$m§Mm gh^mJ AË`§V _hÎdmMm d H|$Ðr` Agm Amho. Ë`m_wio
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 59
Ë`m§Zm doJdoJio Am°W[a¨J Qy>ëg dmnaUo {eH$mdo bmJob. {S>{OQ>b ñQ>moar ~moS>©, A°{Z_oeZ,
{MÌ{\$VtMr {Z{_©Vr, Ë`m§Mm dmna hm`na Q>oŠñQ> \$m°a_°qQ>J `m§gma»`m ~m~tMo H$m¡eë`
AmË_gmV H$amdo bmJob. Ë`mgmR>r {d{dY H$m`©emim§Mo Am`moOZ H$ê$Z Ë`mV {ejH$m§Mm
gh^mJ dmT>dmdm bmJob. {ejH$ Á`m {df`mV nma§JV Amho, Aem {df`m§Mm gImob
{dMma H$ê$Z g§JUH$mda AmYm[aV {ejUH«$_ H$em àH$mao XoVm `oB©b ho {ZpíMV
H$amdo bmJob d EH$mM doir AZoH$ {dÚmÏ`mªZm Ë`m§À`m gmo`rZo, doJmZo d Ë`m§À`m
nmVirda OmD$Z Ë`m§Zm g_Oob Aem àH$mao _pëQ>_r{S>`mda AmYm[aV gm{hË`mMr
{Z{_©Vr H$amdr bmJob.
{ejH$m§Zm AZoH$ doJdoJù`m JQ>mg§ mo~V H$m_ H$am`Mo H$m¡eë` AmË_gmV H$amdo
bmJob. CXmhaUmW©, _pëQ>_r{S>`m {Z_m©U H$aUmam JQ>, Am¡Úmo{JH$ OJmVrb VÁk
ì`º$s¨Mm JQ>, _mH}$qQ>JMo H$m_ H$aUmam JQ>, ì`dñWmnZ H$aUmam JQ>, `m gd© JQ>m§~amo~a
H$m_ H$aVmZm {dÚmWuH|${ÐV {ZU©` Ë`m§Zm bmJUmè`m e¡j{UH$ d ì`dñWmnH$s`
godm, gw{dYm `m§MmM àm_w»`mZo {dMma H$amdm bmJob.
{ejH$m§Zm AOyZ EH$ H$m¡eë` AmË_gmV H$amdo bmJob. Vo Á`m g§ñWoV H$m_
H$arV Amho Ë`m g§ñWm§Zm ZdrZ V§ÌkmZ {dH$V ¿`mdo bmJob. _mÌ ~mOmamV CnbãY
Agboë`m n`m©`m§Mm Vm¡b{ZH$ Aä`mg H$ê$Z g§ñWoÀ`m C{Ôï>nyVugmR>r `mo½` Ë`m
n`m©`m§Mr {ZdS> H$er H$amdr ho Vo H$m¡eë` hmo`.
kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mOmV {dMmd§Vm§Mr, g_mOmMr d {dÚmÏ`mªMr ZdrZ {ejUH«$_
gwê$ H$aÊ`m~m~VMr _mJUr dmT>VM Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a {ejUmMm XOm©hr C§Mdmdm
bmJob Am{U Ë`mMr O~m~Xmar hr {ZpíMV Ho$br OmB©b. Ë`m_wio {ejH$m§Zm gVV
KS>Umè`m ~Xbm§Mo g_m`moOZ H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm dmT>dmdr bmJob.
J«W
§ "d d¥ÎmnÌo' àXmZ (gmd©O{ZH$ J«W
§ mb`o)
A{Y{Z`_, 1954 Am{U J«W
§ àXmZ
(gmd©O{ZH$ J«W
§ mb`o) {Z`_, 1955
_amR>r AZwdmX - EZ. ~r. H$m§~io, Zm{eH$
The Delivery of Books 'And Newspapers' (Public Libraries) Act, 1954 Am{U Delivery of Books
(Public Libraries) Rules 1955 Mm _amR>rV AZwdmX
XoÊ`mV Ambm Amho. àñVwV A{Y{Z`_, {Z`_mÀ`m AmYmao
H$moUH$moUË`m J«§Wmb`m§Zm àH$meH$m§Zr dmMZgm{hË` nmR>{dUo
~§YZH$maH$ Amho ho g_OVo. àH$meH$m§Zr H$amd`mMr H$m`©dmhr d
X§S>mË_H$ VaVyX XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
n[a{eï> … 4
J«W
§ "d d¥ÎmnÌo' àXmZ (gmd©O{ZH$ J«W
§ mb`o) A{Y{Z`_, 1954
[J«§W àXmZ (gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o) A{Y{Z`_, 1954 … 1954 Mm H«$. 27,
gwYm[aV Ho$bobm J«§W àXmZ (gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o) A{Y{Z`_ … 1956,
1956 Mm H«$. 99]
gmam§e
V§ÌkmZmV d g§JUH$mV doJmZo hmoV Agboë`m àJVr_wio gd©M joÌm§V _moR>o ~Xb
hmoV AmhoV. e¡j{UH$ joÌhr Ë`mg AndmX Zmhr. Ë`mVrb ~Xb A{YH$M n[aUm_H$maV
AgyZ Ë`m§Mr ì`márhr _moR>r Amho. g§XoedhZmVrb àJVr d g§JUH$mMr {Xdg|{Xdg
H$_r hmoV OmUmar qH$_V `m_wio Ë`m§Mr dmT>Vr CnbãYVm {ejUmÀ`m gw{dYm gdmªn`ªV
à^mdrnUo nmohM{dÊ`mg _XVJma hmoV Amho. Xya{ejU ì`dñWoVrb ~Xbm_wio
{eH$Ê`mMr d {eH${dÊ`mMr à{H«$`m ~XbV Amho. {dÚmÏ`mªZm {df` {ZdS>rMo ñdmV§Í`
Ë`m§À`m gmoB©Zo d JVrZo {eH$Ê`mMr gdbV VgoM _ëQ>r{_S>r`m AmYm[aV AÜ``Zgm{hË`mVrb B§Q>aA°ŠQ>rìhrQ>r `m gd© gw{dYm {dÚmÏ`m©bm CnbãY hmoV AmhoV. {ejU
ì`dñWoVrb {ejH$ hm _hÎdnyU© KQ>H$ Agë`mZo Ë`mÀ`m H$m`©nÕVrV A_wbmJ« ~Xb
hmoD$Z Ë`mg AZoH$ ZdrZ H$m¡eë`o AmË_gmV H$amdr bmJVrb.
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 60
amï´>r` J«W
§ mb`, H$mobH$mVm d BVa gmd©O{ZH$ J«W
§ mb`m§Zm
J«W
§ àXmZ H$aÊ`m~m~V A{Y{Z`_
^maVr` JUamÁ`mÀ`m 5ì`m dfu bmoH$g^oÛmam Vmo nwT>rbà_mUo A{Y{Z`{_V
H$aÊ`mV `oV Amho.
1.
g§{já Zmd, ì`már d àma§^ … (1) `m A{Y{Z`_mg J«§W "d d¥ÎmnÌo' àXmZ
(gmd©O{ZH$ J«W§ mb`o) A{Y{Z`_, 1954 Ago åhUVm `oBb
© .
(2) Vmo Oå_y Am{U H$mí_ra amÁ`o dJiVm g§~§Y ^maV^a bmJy Agob.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 61
2.
ì`m»`m … g§X^m©Zwgma Xwgam AW© Ano{jV Zgob Va `m A{Y{Z`_mV,(A)
(3.3) BVa VrZ J«§Wmb`m§Zm nwadmd`mÀ`m àVr `m Omhra {dH«$sgmR>r _wÐU
Ho$boë`m ~hþg»§ ` àVtg_mZ AgVrb.
""J«§W'' `m g§koV, H$moUË`mhr ^mfoVrb àË`oH$ J«§W, J«§WmMm ^mJ
qH$dm {d^mJ d n{ÌH$m Am{U ñdV§Ì[aË`m _w{ÐV qH$dm {ebm_w{ÐV
Ho$bobo g§JrVmMo, ZH$memMo, gmJar ZH$memMo qH$dm _mZ{MÌmMo àË`oH$
nmZ `m§Mm g_mdoe Agob, VWm{n _wÐU d Zm|XUr A{Y{Z`_, 1867
""(3A) gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zm d¥ÎmnÌo àXmZ H$aUo … `m A{Y{Z`_mÀ`m
AZwf§JmZo Ho$boë`m {Z`_m§g AYrZ amhÿZ, VWm{n _wÐU d Zm|XUr
A{Y{Z`_, 1867 À`m VaVwXtZm ~mYm Z `oVm, hm A{Y{Z`_ bmJy
Agboë`m àXoemVrb àË`oH$ d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m àH$meH$mZo Amnë`m
d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m àË`oH$ A§H$mMr /àH$m{eV d¥ÎmnÌmMr àV à{gÕ hmoVmM
H|$Ð gaH$ma Amnë`m A{YH¥$V amOnÌmVrb A{YgyMZoÛmao gy{MV
H$arb Aem àË`oH$ J«§Wmb`mg ñdIMm©Zo àXmZ Ho$br nm{hOo.3
(1867 Mm H«$. 25) (H$b_ 2-A) À`m H$b_ 5 _Yrb VaVwXrer
gwg§JV àH$m{eV d¥ÎmnÌmMm `mV g_mdoe Zgob;
(AA) ""d¥ÎmnÌ'' `m g§koV _wÐU d Zm|XUr A{Y{Z`_, 1867 À`m H$b_
5 _Yrb VaVwXter gwgJ§ V H$moUVrhr àH$m{eV {Z`VH$m{bH$s` _w{ÐV
H¥$Vr H$s Á`mV gmd©O{ZH$ d¥Îm qH$dm gmd©O{ZH$ d¥Îmmg§~Y§ r Q>rH$mË_H$
^mî` `m§Mm g_mdoe Agob; (H$b_ 2-AA)1
(~)
3.
(3.4) CnH$b_ (1) _Ü`o g_m{dï> Ho$ë`mà_mUo EImÚm J«§WmÀ`m gwYm[aV
qH$dm nwT>rb Amd¥ÎmrV àW_ Amd¥Îmrnojm H$moUVrhr A{V[aº$ _m{hVr,
~Xb, _wÐU{bnr ~Xb, ZH$meo, {MÌo, AmaoIZo, BË`mXr Vn{ebmV
H$moUVmhr ~Xb Zgë`mg d Ë`m J«§WmMr àW_ Amd¥Îmr `m J«§W àXmZ
A{Y{Z`_m§VJ©V àXmZ Ho$bobr Agë`mg Aem àH$mao _w{ÐV Ho$bobr,
~Xb Zgbobr nwT>rb Amd¥Îmr `m gd© J«§Wmb`m§Zm àXmZ H$aUo
~§YZH$maH$ Zmhr.
""gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o'' `m g§koV amï´>r` J«§Wmb`, H$mobH$mVm Am{U
H|$Ð gaH$ma `m§~m~V A{YH¥$V amOnÌmVrb A{YgyMZoÛmao gy{MV
H$arb Aer H$moUVrhr VrZ BVa J«§Wmb`o `m§Mm g_mdoe Agob.
gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zm J«§W àXmZ H$aUo … (3.1) `m A{Y{Z`_mVrb
{Z`_m§À`m AYrZ amhÿZ, VWm{n _wÐU d Zm|XUr A{Y{Z`_, 1867 _Yrb
^mJ 9 À`m VaVwXtZm ~mYm Z `oVm (1867 Mm H«$. 25) `m A{Y{Z`_mMr
ì`már AgUmè`m àXoemV hm A{Y{Z`_ bmJy Pmë`mnmgyZ H$moUË`mhr H$amam{dZm
àË`oH$ àH$meH$mZo Amnë`m àH$m{eV J«W§ mMr EH$ àV amï´>r` J«W§ mb`, H$mobH$mVm
d BVa VrZ J«§Wmb`m§Zm àË`oH$s EH$ àV `mà_mUo àH$m{eV Pmë`mnmgyZ Vrg
{Xdgm§V ñdIMm©Zo àXmZ Ho$br nm{hOo.2
4.
J«W
§ àXmZ nmoM … gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mMm à_wI Agbobr ì`º$s (Vmo J«§Wnmb
åhUdbm OmV Agob qH$dm AÝ` nXZm_mZo AmoiIbm OmV Agob) qH$dm `m
H$m_mgmR>r àm{YH¥$V Ho$bobr ì`º$s Aem àH$mao H$b_ 3 AÝd`o àXmZ H$aÊ`mV
Amboë`m J«§WmMr àH$meH$mg boIr nmoM XoB©b.
5.
{Z`_^§J d Ë`mgmR>r X§S>mË_H$ VaVyX … H$moUË`mhr àH$meH$mZo `m
A{Y{Z`_m§VJ©V Ho$boë`m {Z`_mVrb H$moUË`mhr VaVwXrMo C„§KZ Ho$ë`mMo
AmT>ië`mg Ë`mÀ`mda é. 50 n`ªV aH$_oMr X§S>mË_H$ H$m`©dmhr Ho$br OmB©b
Am{U ""Aem àH$mao Ho$bobo C„§KZ J«W§ àXmZm~m~V Agë`mg Ë`mModa X§S>mË_H$
H$madmB© åhUyZ'' J«§WmÀ`m {H$_VrBVH$s a¸$_ X§S> åhUyZ ^amdr bmJob d
g§~§{YV Ý`m`mb`mZo {ZX}{eV Ho$ë`mà_mUo àH$meH$mH$Sy>Z dgyb H$aÊ`mV
Amboë`m X§S>mMr nyU© a¸$_ AWdm Ë`mMm H$mhr ^mJ Á`m gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mV
Aem àH$mao "J«W§ ' qH$dm "d¥ÎmnÌ' åhUOoM Oem àH$maMo àH$aU Agob Ë`mà_mUo
H$aUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo, VoWo ZwH$gmZ^anmB©À`m ê$nmZo ^amdo bmJob.
6.
{Z`_^§JmMr XIb … (1) H|$Ð gaH$maÀ`m gd©gm_mÝ` AWdm {deof
(3.2) amï´>r` J«§Wmb`mbm nwadbobr àV hr àH$m{eV Pmboë`m J«§WmMr àV
Agob, Á`mV Ë`mg§~§YrMo ZH$meo, {MÌo, CXmhaUo d AÝ` Vnerb
Agob, VgoM hr àV CËH¥$ï> H$mJXmda _w{ÐV Pmboë`m, CÎm_ ~m§YUr
Ho$boë`m BVa àVtà_mUo Agob.
1.
2.
J«§W àXmZ (gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o) gwYm[aV A{Y{Z`_, 1956 AÝd`o g_m{dï>
H$aÊ`mV Amë`mZwgma … 1956 Mm H«$. 99.
_hmamï´>mV (1) amÁ` _Ü`dVu J«W§ mb`, _w~§ B© (2) emgH$s` {d^mJr` J«W§ mb`,
nwUo - 30 Am{U emgH$s` {d^mJr` J«§Wmb`, ZmJnya `m J«§Wmb`m§Zm àVr
nmR>{dUo àH$meH$m§Zm ~§YZH$maH$ Amho.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 62
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 63
(~) ""J«§Wnmb'' gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mÀ`m g§X^m©V, Aem gmd©O{ZH$
J«§Wmb`mMm à_wI, Am{U `m A{Y{Z`_mÀ`m à`moOZmW© gd© qH$dm
H$moUVrhr H$m_o nma nmS>Ê`mgmR>r Ë`mZo àm{YH¥$V Ho$boë`m ì`º$sMm
`mV g_mdoe Agob.
AmXoemdê$Z gj_ àm{YH$mè`mZo VH«$ma Ho$ë`m{edm` H$moUË`mhr Ý`m`mb`mV\}$
Aem XÊS>Zr` JwÝømMr XIb KoVbr OmUma Zmhr.
(2)
_w»` Ý`m`X§S>m{YH$mar qH$dm àW_ loUr Ý`m`X§S>m{YH$mar `m§À`m
Ý`m`mb`mì`{V[aº$ H${Zð> ñVamdarb Ý`m`mb`mV\} $ `m
A{Y{Z`_m§VJ©V _moS>Umè`m XÊS>Zr` àH$aUm§Mr XIb KoVbr OmUma
Zmhr.
7.
emgH$s` àH$meH$m§gmR>r {Z~ªY … hm A{Y{Z`_ emgZmZo AWdm emgZmÀ`m
dVrZo àH$m{eV J«§W d d¥ÎmnÌm§Zmhr bmJy amhrb. VWm{n, Ho$di H$m`m©b`rZ
Cn`moJmgmR>r V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m J«§Wm§Zm hm A{Y{Z`_ bmJy Zgob.3
8.
{Z`_ H$aÊ`mMo A{YH$ma … H|$Ð gaH$mabm `m A{Y{Z`_mÀ`m à`moOZmW©
Amnë`m A{YH¥$V amOnÌmVrb A{YgyMZoÛmao Amdí`H$ Ago {Z`_ V`ma H$aVm
`oVrb.
^maV gaH$ma amOnÌ, ~m~ H«$. 2, ^mJ - 3, {X. 19-3-55
(H$) ""H$b_'' åhUOo A{Y{Z`_mVrb H$b_; Am{U A{Y{Z`_mÛmao AW©~moY
H$ê$Z XoUmao na§Vw {Z`_mV ì`m»`m Z Ho$bobo VWm{n dmnabobo gd© eãX
d dmH²$àMma Á`m§Zm gd©gm_mÝ`nUo {d{eï> AW© Agob.
3.
àXmZ nÕVr … H$b_ 3 _Yrb VaVwXtÀ`m AYrZ amhÿZ àH$meH$mZo àH$m{eV
Ho$boë`m àË`oH$ J«W§ mMr EH$ àV S>mH$ Zm|XrÛmao AWdm _XVZrgm_m\©$V gmd©O{ZH$
J«§Wmb`mÀ`m J«§Wnmbmg àXmZ H$amdr bmJob d Aem àH$mao Á`m J«§Wnmbmg Vr
àV {Xbr OmB©b Ë`mZo gmo~VÀ`m {d{hV ànÌmV Ë`mMr nmoM S>mH$ Zm|XrÛmao
àH$meH$mg nmR>dmdr. Aer nmoM Ë`m gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mÀ`m J«§Wnmbmg J«§W
àXmZ H$aÊ`mV Amë`mMm {ZUm©`H$ nwamdm Agob.
4.
Xmofr àH$meH$mda H$m`Xoera H$madmB© … 20 _o 1954 Z§Va àH$m{eV Pmboë`m
J«§WmMr àV gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mg àH$meZ {XZm§H$mnmgyZ 30 {Xdgm§Mo AmV
àXmZ Z H$aUmè`m àH$meH$m{déÕ Á`m gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mg J«§W àXmZ Pmbm
Zmhr Ë`m J«§Wmb`mÀ`m Zmdm{Zer Ý`m`mb`mV VH«$ma XmIb H$ê$ eHo$b d
Aem VH«$matMr Mm¡H$er H$aÊ`m~m~V H$m`Xoera H$madmB© H$aÊ`mg§~§Yr JwÝhm
H$m`©nÕVr, 1898 (1898 Mm H«$. 5) AÝd`o Xmdm XmIb H$arb.
{ejU _§Ìmb`,
amï´>r` J«§Wmb`, H$mobH$mVm
Zdr {X„r, 11 _mM©, 1955
{ZU©` H«$. (Eg.Ama.Amo.) 587 … J«W
§ àXmZ (gmd©O{ZH$ J«W
§ mb`o)
A{Y{Z`_, 1954 (1954 Mm H«$. 27) À`m H$b_ 8 AÝd`o àXmZ H$aÊ`mV
Amboë`m eº$s¨Mm dmna H$ê$Z H|$Ð emgZ `mÛmao nwT>rb {Z`_ H$arV Amho.
1.
g§{já Zmd … `m {Z`_m§Zm J«§W àXmZ (gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o) {Z`_, 1955
Ago åhUVm `oBb
© .
2.
ì`m»`m … g§X^m©Zgw ma Xwgam AW© Ano{jV Zgob Va `m {Z`_mV,
VWm{n, Ý`m`mb`mV Aer VH«$ma XmIb H$aÊ`mnydu, J«§Wnmb g§~§{YV
àH$meH$mg Ë`mÀ`m J«§WmMr àV àH$meZ {XZm§H$mnmgyZ 30 {Xdgm§Mo AmV
àXmZ H$aÊ`mV Ambr Zgë`mMo d Ë`mZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Mo AmV J«§W àXmZ Z Ho$bm
Joë`mg H$b_ 5 _Yrb VaVwXrZwgma Agm àH$meH$ X§S>mË_H$ H$madmB©g nmÌ
hmoB©b Aer boIr gyMZm Ë`m àH$meH$mg XoB©b.
5.
AMyH$ àH$meZ {XZm§H$mMr _m{hVr XoUo … àË`oH$ gmd©O{ZH$ J«W§ mb`mV àXmZ
H$amd`mÀ`m àVrda àH$meH$mZo àH$meZmÀ`m VmaIoMm {e¸$m / _m{hVr XoD$Z
Ë`mda J«§W àXmZ (gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o) A{Y{Z`_, 1954 Zwgma àV nmR>dbr
Agë`mMo Z_yX H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
6.
J«W
§ {df`H$ {ZdoXZ … àË`oH$ J«§WmÀ`m àH$meH$mZo J«§Wmnmbmg (eŠ` {VVH$m
OmñV) J«§Wm{df`r nwT>rbà_mUo {d{hV Z_wÝ`mV Vnerb XoUo Amdí`H$ amhrb.
(A) ""A{Y{Z`_'' åhUOo J«§W àXmZ (gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o) A{Y{Z`_,
1954 (1954 Mm H«$. 27)
3.
J«§W àXmZ (gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o) gwYm[aV A{Y{Z`_, 1956 AÝd`o g_m{dï>
H$aÊ`mV Amë`mZwgma … 1956 Mm H«$. 99.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 64
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 65
nwñVH$ n[aM`
_o_moa±S>_
1)
J«§WZm_, erf©H$ n¥ð>mMm Vnerb
(Aem Vn{ebmMm B§J«Or AZwdmX
B§JO
« r{edm` AÝ` ^mfoVrb J«W§ Agë`mg)
2)
JǤWmMr ^mfm
3)
boIH$/AZwdmXH$/g§nmXH$mMo Zmd
4)
{df`
5)
_wÐUñWi d à{g{ÕñWi
6)
_wÐUg§ñWoMo d àH$meZ g§ñWoMo Zmd
7)
_wÐUmb`mMm / àH$meZmMm {dVaU {XZm§H$
8)
n¥ð>g»§ `m
9)
AmH$ma
S>m°. _YwH$a eodmio
❏
❏
❏
❏
❏
❏
10) Amd¥Îmr H«$_m§H$
11) Amd¥ÎmrMr àVg§»`m
12) _w{ÐV qH$dm {ebm_w{ÐV
13) gmd©O{ZH$ {dH«$sgmR>r R>abobo _yë`
14) boIZmMo gdm©{YH$ma AWdm A§eV… A{YH$ma
AgUmè`m ì`º$sMo Zmd d {ZdmgmMm nÎmm
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 66
nwñVH$mMo Zmd … Supporting Research Students
boIH$ … Barbara Allan
àH$meH$ … Facet Publishing, London
àH$meZ df© … 2010
n¥ð>o … xiv, 1920
qH$_V … £ 44.95 (Rs. 3537.56)
\$goQ> àH$meZmZo gZ 2010 _Ü`o àH$m{eV Ho$bobm Supporting Research
Students `m nwñVH$m_Ü`o EHy$U 9 àH$maUo XoÊ`mV Ambr AmhoV. g§emoYH$ {dÚmÏ`mªZm
g§emoYZ H$aVmZm nyaH$ JaOm§Mo _hÎd A{YH$ AgVo. àñVwV bo{IHo$Zo dmMZgm{hË`mMm
emoY, gÜ`m g§emoYZ H$aUmao {dÚmWu Am{U Ë`m§Mo _mJ©Xe©H$ VgoM Á`m {dÚmÏ`mªZr
g§emoYZ `eñdrnUo nyU© Ho$bobo Amho Ë`m§À`mer MMm© Am{U 'Supporting Research
Students' `m {df`mda MmQ>S© >© BpÝñQ>Q>çQy > Am°\$ bm`~«ar Am°\$ BÝ\$m°a_oeZ àmo\$o eZëg
(CILIP), b§S>Z `oWo Pmboë`m H$m`©emioVrb MMm© d hb d eo{\$ëS> {dÚmnrR>m§Vrb
ghH$mè`m§~amo~a Pmboë`m MMmªMm AmYma KoD$Z nwñVH$mMo gmXarH$aU Ho$bobo Amho.
g§emoYZ Am{U g§emoYZ à{H«$`m hm {df` Vgm Iyn _moR>m Amho. g§emoYZmÀ`m àdmgmVrb
{d{dY Q>ßno gmXa H$aVmZm g§emoYH$mbm AmË_gmV H$amdr bmJUmar {d{dY H$m¡eë`o,
_m{hVr H$m¡eë`o (Information skills) `m§Mm A§V^m©d Ho$bobm Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a
g§emoYH$ {dÚmÏ`m©bm nyaH$ godm XoÊ`mgmR>r H$m`©emim, CX²~moYZ dJ©, BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$
godm, g§àofU `m g§X^m©V J«§Wmb`rZ godH$m§Mm gh^mJ _hÎdnyU© R>aVmo.
g§emoYZ H$aVmZm Amdí`H$ AgUmar H$m¡eë`o gm§JyZ amoOJma {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r
Amdí`H$ Agboë`m H$m¡eë`m§dahr ^a XoÊ`mV Ambm Amho. hr H$m¡eë`o {dÚmWu g§emoYZ
H$arV AgVmZmM AmË_gmV H$arV AgVmo. B§½b§S>_Ü`o {d{dY {df`m§À`m Á`m g§emoYZ
n[afXm (Research council) Ë`m_m\©$V g§emoYH$ {dÚmÏ`mªZm AW©gmhmæ`
(Funding) hmoV AgVo. Ë`mMmhr Ë`m g§X^m©Vrb _m{hVrMo {ddaU XoÊ`mV Ambo
Amho. Ho$g ñQ>S>r åhUyZ H$mhr g§ñWm§Mr CXmhaUohr {Xbr AmhoV. b§S>Z ñHy$b Am°\$
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 67
BH$m°Zm°{_Šg_Ü`o {dÚmÏ`mªZm ìhÀ`wA
© b b{ZªJÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Amnë`m {df`mdarb
gm{hË`mbm emoY àmá H$ê$Z XoVmZm H$mhr _wÔo {dMmamV KoVbo AmhoV. Vo åhUOo- (1)
Am°ZbmB©Z emoY KoVmZm Cn`wŠV gmYZo Am{U A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m gmYZm§Mr {ZdS> (Bestone), (2) d¥ÎmnÌo, n[afX Ahdmb Am{U à~§Y `m§Mm emoY, (3) emgH$s` Am{U
emgZm§VJ©V Agboë`m g§ñWm§Mo Ahdmb, (4) gm{hË`mMm {ZX}e H$gm H$amdm, (5)
b§S>Z ñHy$b Am°\$ BH$m°Zm°{_Šg_Ü`o CnbãY Zgbobo gm{hË`mgmR>r emoY H$gm ¿`mdm,
(6) g§emoYZ, Sharing, Am{U (7) b§S>Z ñHy$b Am°\$ BH$m°Zm°{_Šg `oWo CnbãY
g§JUH$ àUmbr H$em hmVmimì`mV `m~m~V _m{hVr àmá hmoVo. do~ 2.0 A§VJ©V
`oUmao V§ÌkmZ Ogo- AmaEgEg \$sS>, nm°S>H$m°ñQ²>g, ñbmB©S>eoH$a, gmoeb ZoQ> d{Hª$J,
{Q‰>ñQ>a, do~ãbm°½g, {d{H$g, pìhS>rAmo pŠbna d Am°{S>Amo \$mB©ëg `m g§X^m©Vrb
gnmoQ>© `m Am°ZbmB©Z à{H«$`oV XoÊ`mV Ambobm Amho.
EHy$UM `m nwñVH$mMm Cn`moJ hm g§emoYH$ {dÚmÏ`m©bm VgoM ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm
XmoZ nmVù`m§da hmoV AgVmo. g§emoYZ {df` {ZdS>Ê`mnmgyZ Ë`m A§VJ©V Agboë`m
à{H«$`m Am{U Ë`mgmR>r Úmd`mMm e¡j{UH$ nyaH$ godm, Ë`m {df`mÀ`m {ZdS>rg§X^m©V,
g§emoYZ nÕVtg§X^m©V, AhdmbboIZ g§X^m©V qH$dm AW©gmhmæ`m~Ôb AgVrb qH$dm
J«§Wmb`o Am{U Ë`m§À`m godH$m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Úmd`mÀ`m godm AgVrb. EH$ _mÌ
{ZpíMV H$s J«§Wnmb Am{U J«§Wmb` godH$ ho g§emoYZd¥ÎmrMo AgUo A{Zdm`© Amho.
åhUOoM Ë`mg g§emoYH$m§Zm {df` {ZdS>rnmgyZ EHy$UM g§emoYZà{H«$`m nyU© hmoB©nmdoVmo
nyaH$ godm XoVm `oUo eŠ` hmoVo.
ooo
boIH$ n[aM`
(1) hã~w, doXdVr JwéamO … Jobr 28 df} _w~§ B© {dÚmnrR>mV {d{dY {d^mJm§À`m
H$m`m©Mm AZw^d, d[að> J«§Wmb` ghm`H$ øm nXmda AgVmZm J«§WIaoXr
{d^mJ à_wI åhUyZ Jobr AZoH$ df} H$m`©^ma gm§^mibm. {d{dY _m{gH$m§V
boIZ, B§{Xam Jm§Yr _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mV g_wnXoeH$ åhUyZhr 3 df} H$m`©
Ho$bo. "gwImdh jUm§gmR>r … ñdV…À`m d BVam§À`m' ho _amR>r nwñVH$
2006 gmbr àH$m{eV Pmbo Am{U _mM© 2010 _Ü`o `m nwñVH$mMm
B§J«Or AZwdmX àH$m{eV hmoV Amho. J«§Wnmbm§À`m _mJÊ`m§gmR>r g{H«$`
gh^mJ.
(2) Kmobn, {díd§^a {dídZmW … lr. {díd§^a {dídZmW Kmobn, ho
dmaUmZJa, Vm. nÝhmim, {O. H$moëhmnya `oWrb gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mV
J«§Wnmb `m nXmda 1977 nmgyZ H$m`©aV hmoVo. 1982 nmgyZ Vo emgH$s`
V§Ì{ZHo$VZ_Ü`o aËZm{Jar, Ah_XZJa `oWo J«§Wnmb nXmda H$m`©aV hmoVo.
VgoM gÜ`m Cñ_mZm~mX `oWo J§«Wnmb nXmdaM H$m`©aV AmhoV. `mM
H$mbmdYrV Ë`m§Zr "J«W§ nmbZ à_mUnÌ'H$[aVm "{ejH$'åhUyZ H$m_ Ho$bobo
Amho. `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$Mo Aä`mgH|$Ð
Agbobo am. n. _hm{dÚmb`, Cñ_mZm~mX ~r.{b~. A±S> Am`.Eñgr.,
E_.Eb.Am`.Eñgr H$[aVm "g§_§ÌH$' åhUyZ H$m`©aV AmhoV. "kmZJ§JmoÌr'
`m Ì¡_m{gH$mV boIZ Ho$bo Amho.
BVa boIH$m§Mm n[aM` `mnyduÀ`m A§H$m§VyZ à{gÕ Pmbobm Amho.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 68
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>|~a 2009 - \o$~«wdmar 2010 … 69
kmZJ§JmoÌr
LIB 013
J«W
§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ … KQ>Zm, KS>m_moS>r, ^mî`
df© 10 do
kmZJ§JmoÌr … gßQ>~| a 2009 - \o$~«dw mar 2010
AZwH«$_{UH$m
g§nmXH$
S>m°. a_oe daIoS>o
H$m`©H$mar g§nmXH$
S>m°. _YwH$a eodmio
g§nmXH$ _§S>i
àm. àdrU KmoS>oñdma
S>m°. amO|Ð Hw§$^ma
S>m°. _mohZ IoaS>o
S>m°. gwf_m nm¡S>dmb
S>m°. Y_©amO dra
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o
o
o
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g§nmXH$s`
B©-_o{Q´>Šg : à_mUHo$ Am{U _mJ©Xe©Ho$
AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAg©
do~rZma : KQ>H$ Am{U H$m`©àUmbr
X{jU _hmamï´>mVrb J«W§ mb` Am{U
_m{hVremñÌmÀ`m {ejUmÀ`m {dH$mgm_Ü`o
`ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV
{dÚmnrR>mMo `moJXmZ
~maH$moS> … J«§W XodKodrMo d nS>VmiUrMo
EH$ gmono _mÜ`_ - ^mJ 2
h[aV JǤWmb`o (Green Libraries)
Xya{ejU àUmbrV {ejH$m§Zm AmË_gmV
H$amdr bmJUmar H$m¡eë`o
J«§W "d d¥ÎmnÌo' àXmZ (gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o)
A{Y{Z`_, 1954 Am{U J«W§ àXmZ
(gmd©O{ZH$ J«W§ mb`o) {Z`_, 1955
nwñVH$ n[aM`
gwQ>çm A§H$mMr qH$_V … g§ñWm é. 50
dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur
g§ñWm é. 200
2010
`ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>
©
{Z{_©Vr
lr. AmZ§X `mXd, ì`dñWmnH$, J«§W{Z{_©Vr H|$Ð, `. M. _. _wŠV {dÚmnrR>
_wÐH$
lr. AaqdX nmoVZrg, lr Am°\$goQ> àog, 7 E, ZmB©g, gmVnya, Zm{eH$ - 7
àH$meH$
lr. àH$me dmUr, Hw$bg{Md, `. M. _. _wŠV {dÚmnrR>
Zm{eH$ - 422 222.
A§H$ 2
S>m°. amO|Ð Hw§$^ma
lr_Vr AM©Zm JamQ>o,
lr_Vr dfm© _wVm{bH$
lr. gwhmg gmd§V
S>m°. qhXwamd dm`X§S>o
2
4
9
20
25
lr. {díd§^a Kmobn 39
lr_Vr doXdVr hã~w 51
lr. à_moX I§Xmao$ 56
lr. EZ. ~r. H$m§~io 61
(AZw.)
S>m°. _YwH$a eodmio 67
ì`ŠVr … é. 30
ì`ŠVr … é. 120
_mJrb A§H$ CnbãYVoZwgma nmR>{dbo OmVrb. dJ©UrMm YZmH$f© (S>rS>r) "{dÎm
A{YH$mar, `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$' `m Zmdo H$mT>bobm
Am{U Zm{eH$ `oWo Xo` Agmdm.
nÌì`dhmamMm nÎmm
dJ©Ur d ì`dñWmnZ - S>m°. _YwH$a eodmio, Cn-J«§Wnmb d à_wI, J«§Wmb` Am{U
_m{hVròmoV H|$Ð, `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$ - 422 222.
g§nmXH$s` (gm{hË` nmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r) - S>m.° _YwH$a eodmio, Cn-J«W§ nmb d à_wI,
J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVròmoV H|$Ð, `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>,
Zm{eH$ - 422 222.
l
`m A§H$mV ì`ŠV Pmboë`m _Vm§er g§nmXH$ d g§nmXH$ _§S>i gh_V AgobM Ago Zmhr.