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g§nmXH$s` J«§Wmb` H$Ýgmoa{e`m _m{hVr, _m{hVr {_i{dÊ`mMr gmYZo, _m{hVrMr Cn`wŠVVm, _m{hVrÀ`m JaOm `m AZwf§JmZo J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVròmoV H|$Ðm§Mo H$m`© A{Ve` _hÎdnyU© R>aVo. {dÚmWu Am{U {ejH$ `m§À`m dmMZmÀ`m JaOm {ZpíMV ñdê$nmV ~Xbboë`m AmhoV. ~Xbm§À`m AZwf§JmZo _m{hVrMr gmYZo, dmMH$m§Zm _m{hVr CnbãY hmoÊ`mgmR>rMo g§àofU V§ÌkmZ, Ë`mgmR>rÀ`m doJdoJiçm g§JUH$ àUmbr `m§~m~V J«§Wmb`m§Zm doimodoir ZdrZ H$m¡eëò AmË_gmV H$aUo d godm CnbãY H$aUo H«$_àmßV R>aVo. kmZJ§JmoÌr Ì¡_m{gH$mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Aem àH$maÀ`m ~Xbm§Mr Am{U dV©_mZ KQ>Zm§À`m KS>m_moS>tMr Zoh_rM Zm|X KoÊ`mV òVo. H$Ýgmoa{e`m hm J«§Wmb`m§gmR>r _hÎdmMm Am{U Cn`wŠV R>aUmam àH$ma AgyZ Ë`m_wio H$_rV H$_r {ZYr_Üò A{YH$m{YH$ dmMZ gm{hË`mMr CnbãYr AmnUmg H$ê$Z KoVm ò D$ eH$Vo. lr_Vr do XdVr hã~w `m§Zr àñVwV A§H$m_Üò J« §Wmb` "H$Ýgmoa{e`m'{df`H$ Cn`wŠV _m{hVr Agbobm boI {b{hbm Amho. `wO Am{U `wOa ñQ>S>rÀ`m ~m~VrVrb S>m°. BZm_Xma d Hw$. AmoVmar `m§Mm Aä`mgnyU© boI, S>m°. Jm`H$dmS> `m§Mm kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO Am{U J«§Wmb`m§Mr ^y{_H$m, MoVZ Q>mH$gmio `m§Mm B©-J«§Wmb` AmkmdbrMr Cn`wŠVVm, àm. lr_Vr H$ënZm gmoZdUo d àm. àXrn nmQ>rb `m§Mm g§emoYZmMo Zr{VemñÌ Ago _hÎdnyU© boI `m A§H$mV g_m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Ambobo AmhoV. Am§VaJ«§Wmb`rZ XodKodrgmR>r "S>obZoQ>' `m g§ñWoMm _moR>çm à_mUmda Cn`moJ hmoVmo. ^m¡{VH$ ñdê$nmV VgoM Am°ZbmB©Z ñdê$nmV dmMZgm{hË`mMr CnbãYr H$ê$Z KoVm òD$ eH$Vo. S>obZoQ>À`m H$m`©àUmbr g§X^m©V S>m°. eodmio Am{U lr. ~d©o `m§À`m Aä`mgnyU© boIm~amo~aM J«§W n[aM`hr gmXa H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. `m _m{hVrMm dmMH$m§Zm Am{U gd© {dÚmÏ`mªZm {ZpíMVM Cn`moJ hmoB©b. lr_Vr doXdVr hã~w d[að> J«§Wmb` ghm`H$ Odmha Zohê$ J«§Wmb`, _w§~B© {dÚmnrR>, _w§~B© kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 2 H$moUË`mhr g_mOmÀ`m àJVrgmR>r J«§W Am{U J«§Wmb`m§Mo _hÎd AZÝ`gmYmaU AgVo. J«§Wd¥Õr d Ë`m§Mo OVZ hr g_mOmÀ`m àJVrgmR>rMr _yb^yV JaO Amho. ømgmR>r àmMrZ J«§Wmbò Amnë`m dmMH$m§Mr JaO AmnmngmV ghH$m`© qH$dm XodmUKodmU H$ê$Z nwadV AgV, ho àmMrZ AboŠPm§{S´>`m J«§Wmb` d naJ_Z (Pergumun) J«§Wmb`mÀ`m Zm|Xrdê$Z AmT>iVo. OJmVrb kmZm_Üò Xadfu â nS>V Amho. Ë`m_wio J«§W, {Z`VH$m{bHo$, BË`mXr kmZgmYZo _moR>çm g§»òZo à{gÕ hmoV AmhoV. Ë`m~amo~aM _mZHo$, noQ>§Q>g, AàH$m{eV à~§Y VgoM ÑH$-lmì` gmYZohr dmT>V AmhoV. V§ÌkmZmMm àgma Am{U g§JUH$mMm dmT>Vm Cn`moJ VgoM B§Q>aZoQ>, Am§Vaamï´>r` S>oQ>m~ogog , grS>r-am°åg, B-{Z`VH$m{bHo$ d BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ J«§W VgoM _m{hVr H|$Ðm§Zm OmoS>Umar ZoQ>dŠ©g (_m{hVrMr AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aUmar Omir) _moR>çm à_mUmda {dH${gV hmoV AmhoV. {ejUmÀ`m àgmam_wio emim, _hm{dÚmbò, {dÚmnrR>o, g§ emoYZ g§ñWm, CÚmoJY§Xo, emgH$s` g§ñWm øm§À`m J«§Wmb`m§Mr g§»`m dmT>V Amho. _m{hVrÀ`m PnmQ>çmZo hmoUmè`m dmT>r_wio gd© àH$maÀ`m J«§Wmb`m§Zm, g§ñWm§Zm, _m{hVr H|$Ðm§Zm _m{hVrMm, J«§Wm§Mm d AmYw{ZH$ kmZgmYZm§Mm ObX JVrZo nwadR>m H$aUo {O{H$arMo R>ê$ bmJbo Amho. àJV g_mOmV Amnbo ñWmZ {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r g§emoYH$, V§Ìk, amOH$maUr, CÚmoOH$, BË`mXr KQ>H$m§Zm _m{hVr d kmZmMr, S>oQ>m~ogMr {ZH$S> ^mgy bmJbr. ømgmR>r bmJUmè`m AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmMm d `§ÌUoMm Adb§~ H$aÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmb`m§da d _m{hVr H|$Ðmda X~md òD$ bmJbm. ømgmR>r òUmam IM© d Am{W©H$ A§XmOnÌH$ øm§Mm _oi KmbUo H$R>rU hmoD$ bmJbo. {H$Vrhr ^ì` d AÚ`mdV J«§Wmb` qH$dm _m{hVrH|$Ð Agbo Var Vo kmZgmYZo / àboIm§Mr godm XoÊ`mg Ag_W© R>ê$ bmJbo. J«§Wmb`m§Zr d _m{hVr H|$Ðm§Zr øm g_ñ`m§da _mV H$aÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmb`rZ ghH$m`©, Am§VaJ«§Wmb`rZ XodmU-KodmU, Am§VaJ«§Wmb`rZ CgZdmar øm _mJmª~amo~aM AmnmngmVrb gm_§Oñ` d ghH$m`m©Mr ì`mßVr dmT>{dÊ`mg kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 3 gwédmV Ho$br. AZoH$ g_mZ {df`m§Mr, joÌm§Mr, ^yàmXo{eH$ OdirH$ Agbobr J«§Wmbò d _m{hVr H|$Ðo g§K{Q>V hmoD$ bmJbr. Ë`m§Mo g§K V`ma Pmbo d øm g§Km§Zr AmYw{ZH$ _m{hVrMr, S>oQ>m~og, B©-{Z`VH$m{bHo$, B©-J«§WmMr n|Q>§Q>g, gmaJ«§W, BË`mXrMr Am¡nMm[aH$ H$amamÛmao XodmU-KodmU H$aÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br. ømbmM J«§Wmb`rZ gm§{KH$ `wVr qH$dm g§KQ>Z Ago g§~moYÊ`mV òD$ bmJbo, åhUOoM _m{hVr H|$Ðo d J«§Wmb`m§Mo H$Ýgmoa{e`m Ago T>mo~i_mZmZo åhUVm òB©b. WmoS>Š`mV, J«§Wmb` / _m{hVr H|$Ð - J«§Wmb`rZ ghH$m`© - ( Library Cooperation) Am§ V aJ« § W mb`rZ CgZdmar ( Inter Library Loan) Am§VaJ«§Wmb`rZ XodmUKodmU (Resource Sharing) - Am§VaJ«§Wmb`rZ g§K (Library Consortia) Cn^moŠVm (User) Ago àJVrMo Q>ßno J«§Wmb` g§KmZr H$mimMo ^mZ R>odyZ Adb§{~bo. Ho$di g_mOmVrb g§emoYH$ , dmMH$ d {Okmgy `m§Mr kmZbmbgm Ëd[aV nyU© H$ê$Z d ~MVrhr gmo` nmhÿZM ! ""H$Ýgmoa{e`m''Mm dmna AmO CÚmoJ, ì`mnma, _moR>_moR>çm g§ñWm d g_mOmVrb AZoH$ joÌm§Vhr hmoV Amho. J«§Wmb` qH$dm _m{hVr H|$ÐmMm g§K qH$dm H$Ýgmoa{e`m hr g§H$ënZm nwT>rb AmH¥$Vrdê$Z ghO ñnï> hmoB©b. INFORMATION CENTRE / LIBRARY  LIB-2   H$moUË`mhr EH$m g§ñWobm, CÚmoOH$mbm qH$dm Am{W©H$ ì`dhma H$aUmè`m g§ñWobm gd©gm_mÝ` hoVyZo H$m`© H$aUo Hw$dVrÀ`m ~mhoa R>ê$ bmJVo Voìhm Aem g§ñWm EH$Ì òD$Z Amnbo gm§{KH$ JQ> (Group) V`ma H$aVmV. Ë`mbm H$Ýgmoa{e`_ Ago åhUVmV. Va bm`~«ar Am{U BÝ\$_©oeZ eãXH$moemà_mUo - Geographical Location LIB-3  LIB-N Similar Discipline Interest RN Broad  IN TE LAN/MAN/ WAN RESOURCE SHARING / LIBRARY COOPERATION      {ejH$ / dmMH$ / {dÚmWu Cn^moŠVm Aä`mgH$ g§emoYH$ BVa kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 4 Consortium is "An association of independent libraries and / or library system established by formal agreement, usually for the purpose of resource sharing membership may be restricted to a specific geographic region, type of library (Public, Academic, Special) or subject specialization. AW© LIBRARY CONSORTIUM  H$Ýgmo a {e`m ho ~hþ d MZ Agy Z ømMo EH$dMZ Amho H$Ýgm° a {e`_ (Consortium) na§Vw ~hþdMZr ZmdmZrM Vmo ê$T> Amho. Consortium øm eãXmMr ì`már b°{Q>Z ^mfoVyZ Pmbr. Am{U H$Ýgmoa{e`m hm b°{Q>Z eãX 19ì`m eVH$mV "^mJrXmar' qH$dm ^mJrXma ømgmR>r AZoH$ joÌm§V dmnabm OmD$ bmJbm. J«§Wmb`mV Vmo N>mnrb g§J«h åhUOoM {Z`VH$m{bHo$, nwñVHo$ øm§À`m g§X^m©V dmnamV òD$ bmJbm. OgOgm BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm {dñVma Pmbm, VgVer BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _m{hVr, S>oQ>m~og øm§Mr Am§VaJ«§Wmb`rZ XodmU-KodmU (Resources sharing) hr amÁ`ñVamda qH$dm amï´>r` ñVamdahr Amdí`H$ R>ê$ bmJbr. Am{U Am§VaJ«§Wmb`rZ EoŠ`, ghH$m`© dmTy> bmJbo. IMm©V ~MV hmoD$Z dmMH$m§Zm godm d _m{hVr XoUo gmono, ghO d gmoB©Mo Pmbo. J«§Wmb`rZ H$Ýgmoa{e`mMr g§H$ënZm èñdr R>aV Jobr ! ZdZdrZ _m{hVr H|$Ðm§Mrhr {Z{_©Vr Pmbr Am{U J«§Wmbò d _m{hVr H|$Ð øm§Mr AmnmngmV XodmU-KodmU gwê$ Pmbr. g§JUH$sH$aUm_wio XoeâmV _m{hVr qH$dm S>oQ>m~og nmR>dUo ho nyduÀ`m Fax, Q>nmbImË`mZo nmR>dÊ`mÀ`m VwbZoV {H$\$m`Vera d ObX JVrMo R>abo. ãbyåg~ar eãXH$mofmZwgma (Bloomsbury Concise English Dictionary, 2nd ed.) H$Ýgmoa{e`_ åhUOo, "Cosortium" - an association or grouping of institutions, business or financial organizations, usually set up for a common purpose that would be beyond the capabilities of single member of the group." ET LIB-1 CËnÎmr d ì`m»`m J«§Wmb`mÀ`m g§X^m©V åhUVmZm, J«§Wmb`m§À`m àH$mamZwgma qH$dm {deof/Img {df`mdarb J«§Wmb`m§Zr R>amdrH$ ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌmnwaVm _`m©{XV Agm g§K{Q>V JQ> kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 5 V`ma H$ê$Z d AmnmngmV Am¡nMm[aH$ H$ama H$ê$Z kmZgmYZm§Mr XodKod (Resoure Sharing) H$aÊ`mg "H$Ýgmoa{e`_' Ago åhUVmV. _amR>r_Üò AOyZhr `mo½` g§km Zgbr Var J«§Wmb`rZ `wVr qH$dm J«§Wmb`rZ g§K Ago T>mo~i_mZmZo åhUVm òB©b. H$Ýgmoa{e`mMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ · g§emoYZ joÌmVrb JQ>m§Zm I§~ra ZoV¥Ëd d g§emoYZmgmR>r g§Yr XoUo. · Aem JQ>m§Zm qH$dm J«§Wmb`m§Zm àË`j qH$dm ìhÀ`w©Ab (dñVwV:) kmZgmYZm§Mm dmna H$aÊ`mMr _w^m XoUo. · gm_§Oñ`nyU© nmqR>ã`mMr Mm¡H$Q> AmIyZ, H$Ýgmoa{e`mÛmao g^mgXm§Zm ñdV§Ì[aË`m d EH${ÌVnUo kmZgmYZm§Zr n[anyU© H$aUo. "H$Ýgmoa{e`m' AWm©V g§Km§Mo Üò` g§Km_Üò g_{df`H$ g§emoYZ joÌmVrb g§ñWm AgmoV qH$dm {d{dY àH$maMr J«§Wmbò qH$dm _m{hVr H|$Ðo AgmoV, "H$Ýgmoa{e`m' A§VJ©V Amnë`m J«§Wmb` qH$dm H|$ÐmÀ`m JaOoZwgma dmMH$m§À`m _mJUrMr AmIUr d AmT>mdm V`ma H$ê$Z \$ŠV Amnë`mM J«§Wmb`mVrb dmMH$m§Mr JaOhr H|$Ð ^mJdy eH$VmV. J«§Wmbò Amnë`m g^mgXm§Zm Ë`m§À`m _mJUrà_mUo kmZgmYZm§Mm nwadR>m H$aVmV. øm "BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _m{hVrMm òmoV H$_r IMm©V OmñVrV OmñV à_mUmV H$gm dmnamd`mg XoVm òB©b ho "H$Ýgmoa{e`m'Mo Üò` AgVo.' g^mgX g§ñWm§Zm ñdV§ÌnUo nwT>rbà_mUo \$m`Xo {_idyZ XoUo ho "H$Ýgmoa{e`m' qH$dm g§KmÀ`m Üò`mVrb à_wI _wÔo AmhoV. · àdoemÀ`m OmñVrV g§Yr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo. Img H$ê$Z B©-{Z`VH$m{bHo$ d S>oQ>m~og. · J«§Wmb`rZ {ZYrMm OmñVrV OmñV {d{Z`moJ H$aUo. åhUOoM WmoS>r ""A{YH$'' àdoe \$s {Xë`mda Ë`mhrnojm A{YH$V_ \$m`Xm {_idyZ XoUo. · gmVË`mZo {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mr dJ©Ur âÊ`mMr h_r XoUo. · XO©oXma kmZgmYZm§Mr XodmU-KodmU d XñVEodO, boIm§Mr à^mdr d ObXnUo Zo-AmUrMr gmo` H$aUo. · J«§Wmb`m§Mr à{V_m C§MmdUo, {deofV: bhmZ J«§Wmb`m§Mo _hÎd AYmoao{IV H$aUo. · gÚ…n[apñWVr_Yrb J« § Wmb`m§ Mr go dmj_Vm dmT> dUo d ì`mdgm{`H$ H$_©Mmè`m§Mr à{Vð>m C§MmdÊ`mg _XV H$aUo. · V§ÌkmZ d Ë`mgmR>rMo e¡j{UH$ kmZ XoÊ`mgmR>r IMm©V gdbV d ghH$m`© XoUo. · g§JUH$mMm dmna dmT>dyZ dmMH$m§Mr g§»`m dmT>{dUo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 6 darb H$mhr Üò ` {d^mJr` jo Ì mV, amÁ`ñVamda, amï´ > r ` ñVamda d Am§VaJ«§Wmb`rZ ñVamdê$Zhr g^mgX g§ñWmZm H$Ýgmoa{e`m_wio gmÜ` H$aVm òVmV. hr gmo` J«§Wmb`mV d J«§Wmb`m~mhoahr dmMH$m§Zm XoVm òVo ho {deof. øm ì`{V[aŠV J«§ Wmb`m§Z m "H$Ýgmo a{e`m'_wi o àH$meH$m§ H $Sy> Z H$_r IMm©V, EH${ÌVnUo B{Z`VH$m{bHo$, B©-nwñVHo$ øm§Mr IaoXr H$aVm òVo d H$moR>ë`m J«§Wmb`mZo H$moUVm S>oQ>m~og ¿`m`Mm d Vmo BVa g^mgX J«§Wmb`m§Zm H$moUË`m VÎdmda d {H$Vr àdoe \$s AmH$mê$Z Úm`Mm ho R>adVm òVo. dmMH$m§Zm øm_wio gdbVrÀ`m XamV _hmJS>o S>oQ>m~oghr Aä`mgVm òVmV. ^maVm_Üò {dÚmnrR> AZwXmZ Am`moJmV\©o$ (UGC) g^mgX, {dÚmnrR> d _hm{dÚmb`rZ J«§Wmb`m§Zm gdbVrÀ`m XamV database , {Z`VH$m{bHo$, B©-J«§W dmnaÊ`mg _w^m XoÊ`mV òVo. AZoH$ {dÚmnrR> UGC H$Ýgmoa{e`mÀ`m A§VJ©V JSTOR, Oxford University Press, Web of science, Wiley Blackwell, American Chemical Society øm àH$meH$m§Mr H$mhr {Z`VH$m{bHo$ dmMmd`mg d CVadyZ KoÊ`mV (Printout) qH$dm g§JUH$mV gmR>dyZ Users file gdbV XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho. BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ gm{hË`mV, _m{hVr H|$ÐmVrb _m{hVr òmoVm§VyZ Online S>oQ>m~og IaoXr H$aVmZm Ë`mMr qH$_V A§XmOo bmImnojm OmñV OmVo. CXm. LISA - Library Information Science abstract online A§XmOo EH$ bmI n§MmdÞ hOma, EBSCO - Online Database A§XmOo Mma bmI gÎma hOma n`ªV OmVmo. {d{Z_` Xa, àH$meH$m§Mo YmoaU ømZwgma øm [H$_Vr H$_r-OmñVhr hmoVmV. J«§Wmb`rZ H$Ýgmoa{e`m_wio g^mgX J«§Wmb`mVrb dmMH$m§Zm, gdbVrÀ`m XamV Aem àH$maMo _hmJS>o àJV kmZ {_i{dUo gmoB©Mo R>aV Amho. ^maVmVrb amï´>r` ñVamdarb H$Ýgmoa{e`mA§VJ©V nwT>rb H$mhr H$Ýgmoa{e`mMm Vnerb - H$Ýgmoa{e`m … H$mimMr JaO (Need) da C„oI Ho$ë`mà_mUo _m{hVrMr hmoUmar àM§S> dmT>, ZdZdrZ g§Yr, Am{W©H$ {dH$mg, Am§Vaamï´>r`-amï´>r` bm^ hmoUmar XodmU-KodmU d dmT>Vr Am{W©H$ Midi qH$dm J« §W mb`m§ Zm Z Pon Umam IM© . Aem AZo H $ d {d{dY H$maUm§ ~amo ~aM H$Ýgmoa{e`mMr JaO nwT>rb {d{dY KQ>H$m§_wio AYmoao{IV hmoV Amho. · emñÌr` d Vm§{ÌH$ _m{hVrÀ`m {dH$mgm_wio emñÌk, A{^`§Vo, V§Ìk, ì`dñWmnH$ `m§Zm AÚ`mdV _m{hVr {_idVmZm d Vr AmYw{ZH$ J«§Wmbò d _m{hVr H|$Ðm§Zm kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 7 http://www.jcc-icmr. informindia.co.in/ i) Journals - 693 Not provided about / about.asp ii) JCCC - (Journals 11800) 24 ICMR (Indian council Medical esearch) i) E-Journal-900 ii) Jccc Not provided 12 ISRO 4) 5) Not provided Not provided http://www.iiap.res.in / Library / i) E-journals -25 ii) Nature forsa.html iii) Journals 11 / FORSA (Astronomy Astrophysics) 3) 25 http://www.niscair.res.in/Activities and E-Journals 3100 services /Major projects/majproj.htm# ejournal consortia 40 INFLIBNET 2) CSIR 160 {dÚmnrR> ht tp :/ / web . inf lib net . a c.in/ inf o/ i) B-{Z`VH$m{bHo$-5790 30 ugcinfonet /ugcinfonet.Jsp J«§Wmbò ii) S>oQ>m~og - 10 UGC INFONET iii) JCCC qH$_V (H$amoS>_Üò) kmZgmYZo URL ^maVmVrb H$mhr à_wI H$Ýgmoa{e`m d Ë`m§À`m Vnerb Xe©{dUmam VŠVm J«§Wmbò Zmd 1) {dÚmnrR> AZwXmZ Am`moJ kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 8 · · · · · · · nwadVmZm òUmè`m g_ñ`m, ""H$Ýgmoa{e`m''_wio ~è`mM A§er Xya hmoVmV. ZdZdrZ {df` d V§ÌkmZmMr AmoiI d Adb§~ H$aUo gwb^ hmoVo. H$_r IMm©V OmñV, AÚ`mdV d doJmZo godm nwa{dVm òVmV. A§XmOnÌmVrb Anwam {ZYr, hr g_ñ`m ~è`mM A§er Xya hmoVo. ZdZdrZ V§ÌkmZmV dma§dma h§moUmar àJVr, Ë`mMr dmT>Vr _mJUr, dmna H$aÊ`mMr JaO nwadVm òVo. BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _m{hVrMr d I{M©H$ S>oQ>m~ogMrhr CnbãYVm H$ê$Z XoVm òVo. àH$meH$m§Zmhr ZdZdrZ YmoaUo d `moOZm AmIyZ Ë`mZwgma H$Ýgmoa{e`m A§VJ©V g^mgXm§Zm H$_r IMm©V nwadR>m H$aUo eŠ` hmoVo. dmMH$ qH$dm {ZH$S> AgUmè`m gdmªZmM WoQ> dmna Ë`m§À`mM g§JUH$mdarb ZoQ>dH©$Ûmaohr H$aVm òVmo. C{Ôï>o (Objectives) · · · · · · · · · · · AmnmngmVrb gmYZgm_J«r qH$dm kmZgmYZm§Mr XodKod H$aÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmb`m§Zm CÎmoOZ XoUo. J«§Wd¥Õr H$aVmZm nwZéŠVr (Duplication) hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ gd© g^mgX J«§Wmb`m§Zr gmoB©Mr R>aob Aer J«§W / _m{hVr gm_J«r `moOZm AmUUo. _m{hVr XñVEodOm§Mr XodmU KodmU gwb^ H$aUo. hmS>©doAa d gm°âQ>doAa EH${ÌV dmnaÊ`mMr gmo` qH$dm _w^m XoUo. ZdrZ `moOZm d V§ÌkmZmMm Adb§~ H$aÊ`mg CÎmoOZ XoUo. H$Ýgmoa{e`mA§VJ©V Agboë`m g^mgX g§ñWm§Zm {dÚmnrR>, _hm{dÚmbò BVahr g§ñWm§gmR>r BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ S>oQ>m~og IaoXr H$ê$Z Vmo dmnaÊ`mMr gdbV XoUo. naH$s` {Z`VH$m{bH$m§gmR>r IaoXr H$aVmZm ghg§~§{YVm§_Üò g§dmX gmYUo. BVa amï´>r` d Am§Vaamï´>r` H$Ýgmoa{e`m§er ghH$m`© H$aUo. Amnbo AZw^d H$Ýgmoa{e`m g^mgXm§er AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aUo. g_mZ nÕVrMm AmamIS>m R>adyZ Ë`mZwgma S>oQ>m~og V`ma H$aUo boIH$ qH$dm g§emoYH$m§À`m "~wÕçm§H$ g§nXoMm h¸$' _m{hVr CVadyZ KoVmZm A~m{YV amIÊ`mgmR>r XOm©Ë_H$ àñVmd R>adUo, BË`mXr. H$Ýgmoa{e`mMo àH$ma (1) (A) {d{dY àH$maÀ`m J«§Wmb`m§Mo g§KQ>Z CXm. gmd©O{ZH$, e¡j{UH$ d {deof J«§Wmbò. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 9 (Am) g_mZ àH$maMr J«§Wmbò, CXm. \$ŠV gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmbò qH$dm B©{Z`VH$m{bH$m§gmR>r g§K{Q>V Pmbobr J«§Wmbò. (2) ^yàXoemZwgma g_mZ H$m`©joÌ Agbobr J«§Wmbò (A) ñWm{ZH$ nmVirdarb "H$Ýgmoa{e`m' - hr J«§Wmbò EImÚm {d{eï> eha, {Oëhm qH$dm VmbwŠ`mnwaVoM _`m©{XV AgVmV. CXm. BOSLA - Bombay Science Librarians Association. (Am) amÁ`ñVar` H$Ýgmoa{e`m - EImXçm amÁ`mnwaVoM _`m©{XV Agbobo g§K. (B) amï´>r` ñVamdarb H$Ýgmoa{e`m - EImÚm amï´>mVrb AZoH$ J«§Wmb`m§Mo g§K ho ~hþYm {dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZ joÌmVrb J«§Wmbò qH$dm g§ñWmgmR>rMo AgVo. CXmhaUmW©, UGC , INFLIBNET , ISRO BË`mXr. (B©) Am§Vaamï´>r` ñVamdarb H$Ýgmoa{e`m - doJdoJiçm Xoem§Vrb J«§Wmbò EH${ÌVnUo Am§Vaamï´>r` nmVirda gh^mJr hmoD$ eH$VmV. Ooìhm doJdoJiçm Xoem§Vrb qH$dm amï´>r` ñVamdarb EH$Ì òVmV, Voìhm EH$m ñdV§Ì "H$Ýgmoa{e`mÀ`m ì`dñWoImbr Ago H$Ýgmoa{e`m òVmV. Ë`mbm ""_oQ>m H$Ýgmoa{e`m'' Agohr g§~moYVmV. CXm. International Coalition of Library Consortia À`m A§VJ©V OJâmVrb OdiOdi 150 J«§Wmb`m§À`m g§KQ>Zm EH$Ì Amë`m AmhoV. ømMà_mUo {df`mZwgma qH$dm g§b¾ H$m`©joÌ Agbobo J«§Wmb`rZ H$Ýgmoa{e`m hr AmhoV. CXmhaUmW©, FORSA - Form for Resource Sharing in Astronomy and Astrophysics. (3) (A) nwañH¥$V (Sponsored) H$Ýgmoa{e`m (Am) AnwañH¥$V ( NonSponsored) H$Ýgmoa{e`m AnwañH¥$V J«§Wmb`rZ H$Ýgmoa{e`m ñdIMm©Zo d ñd~imda Am{W©H$ ^ma {d^mJyZ KoVmV d godm nwa{dVmV. Va nwañH¥$V H$Ýgmoa{e`m A§VJ©V H|$Ðr` g§KQ>ZoÛmao _moR>m Am{W©H$ ^ma CMbbm OmVmo. {H$ËòH$ doim H|$Ðr` g§K H$mhr _hÎdmÀ`m H$m`©àUmbrhr nwañH¥$V H$aVo. CXmhaUmW©, ^maVmV UGC-INFONET À`m à_mUoM CSIR , ISRO BË`mXr. ^maVmV H$mhr N>mnrb {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mo Oa B-{Z`VH$m{bH$mVrb CnbãY Agob, Va Ë`mMm dmna H$aÊ`mMr gdbVhr H$mhr g§ñWm XoVmV. CXmhaUmW©, ^maVr` AdH$me g§emoYZ g§ñWm, ~§Jbmoa. BVa H$mhr "H$Ýgmoa{e`m' A§VJ©V òUmar erf©Ho$ · J-Gate by Informatics India Pvt. Ltd. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 10 · · EBSCO's database by EBSCO Information Service Group OCLC ho A_o[aH$Z J«§Wmb`m§Mo H$Ýgmoa{e`m Agbobo à_wI S>oQ>m~og Amho. øm `moOZo A§VJ©V H$mhr àH$meH$ hr ñdV§ÌnUo B©-{Z`VH$m{bHo$ nwa{dVmV. CXm. Šbyda Am°ZbmB©Z (Kluwer online), pñà¨Ja ìhab°J (Springer verlag)BË`mXr. J«§Wmb`rZ H$Ýgmoa{e`m H$m`©nÕVr H$moUË`mhr g§KmZm (H$Ýgmoa{e`m) ñdV§Ì [aË`m qH$dm {d{dY àH$maÀ`m J«§Wmb`m§À`m g§KmZm EH${ÌVnUo H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr nÕVr Adb§~VmZm nwT>rb Jmoï>r H$amì`m bmJVmV. (1) kmZgmYZo qH$dm àboIm§Mr {ZdS>, Ë`m§Mr àmár d g§J«h H$aUo. (2) {Z`moOZ H$aUo - øm_Üò àË`j d Ano{jV dmMH$ H$moU ho {ZpíMV H$aUo d Aem dmMH$m§Mo dJuH$aU H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm Amdí`H$ Aem kmZgmYZm§Mr d _m{hVr godm§Mr {ZpíMVr H$aUo. (3) Aem g§KQ>Zm§gmR>r Amdí`H$ KQ>H$, gmYZgm_J«r, VÁk godH$dJ© d ñdV§Ì B_maV qH$dm {d^mJ øm§Mr gmo` H$aUo. (4) J«§Wmb`rZ g§Km§Mo (H$Ýgmoa{e`m) ì`dñWmnZ d Ë`mMr O~m~Xmar R>adUo, A§XmOnÌH$ V`ma H$aUo, {Z`§ÌU R>odUo d H$m_mMo _yë`m§H$Z H$aUo. (5) {Za{Zamiçm _m{hVr godm XoÊ`mÀ`m H$m_mMm Vnerb R>adUo. (6) H$Ýgmoa{e`mÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r {d{dY Q>ßno R>adyZ Vo nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r doimnÌH$ R>adUo. (7) Pmboë`m H$m_mMr nmhUr Am{U _yë`_mnZ H$ê$Z AmIboë`m H$m`©H«$_mV d YmoaUmV Amdí`H$ Vo ~Xb H$aUo. (8) ZdZdrZ V§ÌkmZ d _m{hVrM Zm|X R>odyZ Vr g^mgX d g§b½Z g§ñWmZm H$idyZ Ë`mÀ`m Cn`wŠVVoMm {dMma H$aUo d Ë`mà_mUo godH$ dJm©bm VÁk H$aÊ`mgmR>r à{ejU XoUo, H$m`©emim, MMm©gÌo âdUo, BË`mXr. J«§Wmb`rZ H$Ýgmoa{e`mMo \$m`Xo (1) _moR>çm à_mUmV àH$meH$m§H$Sy>Z S>oQ>m~og, kmZgmYZo d gm_J«rda øm§da gdbV {_iVo. EH${ÌVnUo qH$_V R>a{dVmZm {H$_Vr~m~V VS>OmoS> H$aVm òVo. (2) dJ©UrXma Pmë`mda BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ kmZ gmYZm§Mm dmna H$aÊ`mMr _w^m gdbVrV {_iVo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 11 (3) {H$_VrMm nwaonya dmna. (4) {S>{OQ>b J«W§ mbò ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r V§ÌkmZ d gdbVr {_idVm òVmV. (5) àM{bV OmJê$H$Vm godm (CAS - Current Awareness Services) d _m{hVrMo {ZdS>H $ àgmaU ( SDI - Selective Dissemination of Information) Ëd[aV XoVm òVmV. (6) 24 X 7 godm nwa{dVm òVo. (7) BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ {Z`VH$m{bHo$, J«§W (Database) S>oQ>m~og OmJm ì`mnV Zgë`m_wio OmJoMr ~MV hmoVo. VmoQ>o (1) {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m N>mnrb àVrMr AZwnbãYVm. (2) BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ gmYZgm_J«r dmnamMr _mZ{gH$Vm godH$dJm©V ZgUo d Ë`mgmR>r à{ejUmMr gmo` d VaVyX ZgUo. (3) H$Ýgmoa{e`m qH$dm g§K V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r àmW{_H$ Jw§VdUyH$ _moR>çm à_mUmda H$amdr bmJVo. 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(11) H$mhr doim gm_J«r qH$dm gm{hË`mMm dmna H$aVmZm H$m`Xoera AS>MUr òVmV. darb VmoQ>çm§Mr qH$dm g_ñ`m§Mr Vrd«Vm H$_r H$aVmZm à_wI g§ñWobm ~arM O~m~Xmar ¿`mdr bmJVo. Ogo H$s, H$Ýgmoa{e`m_wio EH$m H|$Ðr` g§ñWoÀ`m A{YnË`mgmR>r AZoH$ J«§Wmbò EH$Ì òV Agë`m_wio à_wI g§Kmda A{YH$mamZo H$mhr {ZU©` KoÊ`mMr kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 12 O~m~Xmar òVo d Ë`m_wio OmoIr_ (Risk) KoÊ`mMr V`marhr R>odmdr bmJVo. VÁk godH$ H|$Ðr` {d^mJmgmR>r Zo_Uo, Ë`m§Mo doVZ ømMm ^ma Aem gd© Jmoï>tMm {dMma H$aUo à_wI g§Km§Zm OéarMo R>aVo. VgoM H$mhr doim ñd`§^mdr godm hr H$moUË`mhr doVZmMr Anojm Z R>odVm XoÊ`mMrhr V`mar R>odmdr bmJVo. g§nH$m©Mo Omio H$m`©j_ d doJdmZ AgVo. Vm§{ÌH$ AS>MUr Xya H$aÊ`mgmR>r, {ZJm amIÊ`mgmR>r dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur ^ê$Z Vr gwa{jV R>odUohr JaOoMo R>aVo. AmnmngmVrb gm_§Á`ghr H$Ýgmoa{e`m§Mo H$m`© gwH$a H$aVmV ho bjU KoUo \$ma OéarMo AgVo. "H$Ýgmoa{e`m' qH$dm g§K V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r d _m{hVrMm `mo½` d H$m`Xoera dmna H$aÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmao H$amaZm_o, _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo d nadmZo Amdí`H$ AgVmV. AÝ`Wm H$m`Xoera H$madmB© hmoD$ eH$Vo. ømg§~§Yr nwT>rb Jmoï>tMr XIb KoUo Oéar AgVo. "H$Ýgmoa{e`m' qH$dm g§Km§Zm CnbãY hmoUmao BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ S>oQ>m~og qH$dm gm{hË` ho nadmZm H$amamÛmao M ( License agreement) {_i{dVm ò Vo . ho gm{hË` dmnaÊ`mgmR>r Á`m AQ>r d eVu AgVmV Ë`m§Mm C„oI nadmZm H$amanÌmV Ho$bobm AgVmo. øm H$amamdarb gøm ho "àH$meH$' g^mgX {dÚmnrR>m§À`m dVrZo g§Kmer H$aV AgVmV. ømMm Jm§^r`m©Zo {dMma H$amdm. àm_wImZo øm AQ>t_Üò XmoZ àH$mam§Mm {dMma Ho$bm OmVmo. (1) ho gm{hË` H$moUr qH$dm H$moU dmnaUma AmhoV Am{U (2) H$em àH$mao BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ gmYZo d gm{hË` (Resources) dmnamdo. _w»`Ëdo H$ê$Z g§K d àH$meH$ H$mhr R>amdrH$ Jmoï>tda dmnam~m~V {Z~ªY KmbVmV. åhUyZ øm _mÜ`_mV\©o$ _m{hVr {_idVmZm nwT>rb H$mhr Jmoï>tMr gmdY{Jar ~miJUo Oéar Amho. (1) àH$meH$ Ë`m§Mr àH$meZo dmnaVmZm "H$m`Xoera nÕV' dmnê$Z dmnamda {Z~ªY R>odV AgVmV. (2) BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_mÛmao _m{hVrMm dmna H$aVmZm (Downloading, Copy Paste) Vo àH$meH$ qH$dm H$Ýgmoa{e`mÀ`m VÎdmV d H$amamV ~gUmao Amho qH$dm Zmhr ømMr ImVaO_m H$aUo. (3) H$mhr _m{hVr N>mnyZ KoUo (Print out), CVadyZ KoUo (Download) øm~m~V Ë`m§Mo {Z`_ AgVmV. CXmhaUmW©, H$mhr {Z`VH$m{bHo$ g§nyU©nUo N>mnyZ KoVm òV ZmhrV, AZoH$ àVr KoÊ`mg ~§Xr AgVo, BË`mXr. (4) g§K g^mgXm§ì`{V[aŠV BVa g§ñWm, {dÚmbò, {dÚmnrR>m§Zm B§Q>aZoQ>, B©-_obÛmao _m{hVr nmR>dÊ`mg ~§Xr AgUo, BË`mXr. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 13 gmam§e gaVoeodQ>r Agm {ZîH$f© H$mT>Vm òB©b H$s, {dH$gZerb Xoem§À`m àJVrerb ^{dî`mgmR>r "H$Ýgmoa{e`m' ho AË`§V _hÎdmMo Amho. amï´>r` nmVirda g§emoYZ H|$Ðo, CÀM{ejU g§ñWm øm§À`m g_¥ÕrgmR>r YmoaUo AmIVmZm H$Ýgmoa{e`m hm CÎm_ d {H$\$m`Vera _mJ© R>ê$ bmJbm Amho. B-{Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mr VgoM _hmJS>o S>oQ>m~og IaoXr H$aVmZm "H$Ýgmoa{e`m' Mm {dMma H$ê$Z dJ©UrXma ~ZUo ho J«§Wmb`m§Zm d _m{hVrH|$Ðm§Zm Am{W©©H$ {dd§MZm gwgø H$ê$Z {H$_VrMm nyU© {d{Z`moJ ( Cost effectivge) XoUmam CÎm_ n`m©` R>abm Amho d Ë`mMr ì`mßVrhr dmT>V OmUmarM Amho. nwT>rb H$mimV Am§Vaamï´>r` d amï´>r` ñVamda BboŠQ´>m°{ZŠg _mÜ`_o, B{Z`VH$m{bHo$, {d{dY S>oQ>m~og øm§Mm PnmQ>çmZo hmoUmam gmR>m, Ë`m§Mm {dH$mg d {ZH$S> ho AQ>i Amho. øm gdmªMm dmT>Vm IM© J«§Wmb` d _m{hVrH|$Ðm§Zm gm§{KH$ hmoD$Z nobUoM XyaXeu d àoaUrnUmMo R>aUmao Amho. ^{dî`H$mimÀ`m JaOm nwè`m H$ê$Z AmYw{ZH$sH$aUm~amo~aM AmYw{ZH$ _mÜ`_o, gm{hË` gmYZo, H|$ÐmMo Omio (Networking) V`ma H$aÊ`m~amo~aM Amnë`m g§ñWm g_¥Õ H$aÊ`mgmR>r gÜ`mVar "_m{hVrH|$Ðo' d J«§Wmb`m§Zm g§K> ~ZdUoM "H$Ýgmoa{e`m' hm CÎm_ _mJ© Amho. g§X^© (1) Dhiman, Anilkumar & Rani, Yashoda (2012). Manual of Digital Libraries : Vol-II, New Delhi, Ess Ess Publications. (2) èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> (1997), ñd`§-AÜ``Z g§M (LIB006) _m{hVr godm : _m{hVr godm Am{U g§KQ>Z, AZwdmX, lram_ a. ZmVy, Zm{eH$, `.M._._wŠV {dÚmnrR> (3) Birhade, Manisha M. (2012-2013), Library Consortia : A `wO Am{U `wOa ñQ>S>rda g§JUH$sH$aUmMm à^md S>m°. Eg.E.EZ. BZm_Xma J«§Wnmb, dmbM§X H$m°boO Am°\$ B§{OZrA[a¨J, gm§Jbr Hw$. V¥ár A. AmoVmar {eH$mD$ J«§Wnmb dmbM§X H$m°boO Am°\$ B§{O{Z`[a¨J, gm§Jbr AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV J«§Wmb`mÀ`m ~XbË`m ñdê$nmZwgma J«§Wmb`m§Mm hmoUmam dmna d J«§Wmb` d J«§Wmb` dmnaUmao dmMH$ `m§Mm Aä`mg hmoUo JaOoMo Pmbobo Amho. J«§Wmb`m§À`m gdmªJrU {dH$mgmH$[aVm Agm Aä`mg hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. `m_wio J«§Wmb`mgmR>r {_iUmè`m {ZYrMm `mo½` àH$mao {d{Z`moJ hmoD$ eH$Vmo. àñVmdZm Project, Mumbai Journals Article (1) Arora, Jagdish & Trivedi, Kruti (March 2010), INDESTAJCTE Consortium : Present Services and Future Endeavars : vol.30(2) p.p.79-91, New Delhi, DESIDOC Journals of Library and Information Technology. Web Bibliography (1) Academic Consortia in India, http://www.stpi.nar/org.too/fdb/ tr/2009/11/07-venky.doc. J«§Wmb` emñÌmÀ`m nmMì`m gyÌmZwgma J«§Wmb` hr dmT>V OmUmar g§ñWm Amho. (Library is a growing organism) J«§Wmb`mV nwñVH$m§Mr g§»`m hr Zoh_r XoUJr, IaoXr, ôQ> `m ñdê$nmV dmT>V AgVo. J«§Wmb`m§Zm _m{hVrMo H|$Ð åhQ>bo OmVo. J«§Wmb`m§Mo ñdê$n ho ~XbË`m H$mimZwê$n nma§n[aH$VoH$Sy>Z AmYw{ZH$VoH$S>o diV Amho. J«§Wmb`mV N>mnrb J«§Wm§~amo~aM A_w{ÐV J«§Wm§Mmhr g_mdoe hmoVmo. {Z`VH$m{bHo$, d¥ÎmnÌo, hñV{b{IVo, ZH$meo, XñVEodO, _m`H«$mo\$m_©, _m`H«$mo{\$e, grS>rO, H°$goQ>, pìhS>rAmo Q>oßg, {S>ìhrS>rO, pìhS>moAmo Joåg, B©-~wŠg, B©-OZ©ëg, Am°{S>Amo ~wŠg Am{U BVa gm{hË` `m§Mm g§J«h Agbobo {R>H$mU åhUOo J«§Wmb` hmoV. J«§Wmb`m§_Üòhr gmd©O{ZH$, kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 14 kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 15 e¡j{UH$ d {deof J«§Wmb` Ago àH$ma nS>VmV. J«§Wmb` åhUOo {OWo {d{dY _mÜ`_m§V g§J«{hV Ho$boë`m _m{hVrMm g§J«h Ho$bm OmVmo Aer B_maV hmo`. J«§Wmb`mMr ì`m»`m "Library - collection of books, public or private room or building where these are kept, similar collection of films, records, computer routines etc., or place where they are kept, series of books issued in similar bindings as set."1 "A Library (from French "librairie" , Latin - books) is an organized collection of resources made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing it provides. It provides physical or digital access to material and may be a physical building or room or a virtual space or both."1 gÜ`mMm g_mO hm _m{hVràYmZ g_mO åhUyZ AmoiIbm OmVmo Amho. _m{hVr nwa{dUmè`m AZoH$ g§ñWm AmO CnbãY AmhoV. B§Q>aZoQ>À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ doJdoJiçm àH$maÀ`m _m{hVrMr XodmU-KodmU Ho$br OmVo. g§JUH$mÀ`m ñH«$sZda EH$m Amkmdbr _m\©$V OJmVrb H$moUË`mhr ñdê$nmVrb _m{hVr hr H$mhr goH§$XmV dmMH$m§g_moa òVo. {S>{OQ>b bm`~«arÀ`m {dH$mgm_wio ËdarV godm dmMH$m§Zm XoVm òUo eŠ` Pmbo Amho. {S>{OQ>b bm`~«ar_wio dmMH$m§Zm àË`jnUo dmMZmb`mV / J«§Wmb`mV OmD$Z VoWrb H°$Q>bm°J ~KyZ nwñVH$m§Mr _mJUr H$aÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm AgV Zmhr. `m àH$maÀ`m J«§Wmb`mV g^mgXËd {_idyZ Ë`m J«§Wmb`mVrb H$moUVohr dmMZ gm{hË` ñdV:Mm g§JUH$mdê$Z ~Ky eH$VmV / dmMy eH$VmV. dmMH$m§À`m J«§Wmb`m§H$Sy>Z Anojm dmT>boë`m {XgyZ òVmV. [agmog© eoA[a¨J_m\©$V (Consortium) J«§Wmb`mV CnbãY Zgboë`m dmMZgm{hË`{df`rÀ`m dmMH$m§À`m Anojm dmT>V AmhoV. Ë`m nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmb`m§_Üò g§JUH$m§Mm dmna dmT>bm AgyZ H$mhr jUm§V dmMH$m§Zm Ë`m§Mo dmMZgm{hË` nwa{dbo OmV Amho. J«§Wmb`m§Mo gmd©O{ZH$, e¡j{UH$ d {deof J«§Wmbò Ago {d{dY àH$ma AmhoV. gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`m§_Üò Ogo gd© àH$mao dmMZgm{hË` CnbãY hmoD$ eH$Vo, Vgo H$mhr J«§Wmb`m§_Üò R>amdrH$ {df`m§darb dmMZgm{hË`M CnbãY hmoVo. Aem J«§Wmb`m§Zm {deof J«§Wmbò Ago åhUVmV. `m àH$maÀ`m J«§Wmb`m§_Üò EImXçm {df`mer g§~§{YV dmMZgm{hË` EH${ÌV Ho$bo OmVo. CXmhaUmW©, nwUo òWrb NCL ho J«§Wmb` National Chemical Laboratory {VWo Ho${_H$b gm`Ýg `m {df`mer g§~§{YV gd© àH$maMo dmMZ gm{hË` CnbãY hmo Vo . Vgo M C-DAC ho J« § W mb` Centre for kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 16 Development of Advanced Computing AgyZ `m J«§Wmb`m_Üò g§JUH$ `m {df`mer g§~§{YV gd© àH$maMo dmMZgm{hË` CnbãY hmoVo. `m àH$maÀ`m {deof J«§Wmb`mV òUmao dmMH$ ho {deof dmMH$ AgVmV. CXmhaUmW©, Ph.D. H$aUmao g§emoYH$ d BVa g§emoYZ H$aUmao dmMH$ BË`mXr. `m àH$maÀ`m J«§Wmb`m§_Üò g§emoYZ H$aUmè`m dmMH$m§Zm Ë`m§Zm nm{hOo Agbobo dmMZgm{hË`, nwñVHo$, {Z`VH$m{bHo$, g§emoYZna boI, doJdoJiçm Xoem§_Üò Ë`m {df`mda Pmbobo boIZ, g§emoYZ, BË`mXr {df`mMr _m{hVr g§X^©godm åhUyZ nwa{dbr OmVo. `m àH$maMo dmMZgm{hË` ho _hmJS>o AgVo. e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`mV òUmè`m dmMH$m§_Üò embo` {dÚmWu, nXdrYmaH$ d nXì`wÎma {ejU KoUmao {dÚmWu `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. VgoM g§emoYZ H$aUmao {dÚmWu, {ejH$, àmÜ`mnH$, emñÌk, CXçmoJY§ÚmVrb bmoH$, ì`mdgm{`H$ Ogo- B§{O{ZAa, S>m°ŠQ>a, dH$sb BË`mXr `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. J«§Wmb`mVrb dmMZgm{hË` d {Xë`m OmUmè`m godm `m Mm§Jë`m ñdê$nmVrb AgVrb Va dmMH$m§Mm AmoT>m dmMZmb`mH$S>o OmñV AgVmo. `mgmR>r J«§Wmb`m§_Üò nma§n[aH$ J«§Wm§~amo~aM AmYw{ZH$ dmMZgm{hË`, AmYw{ZH$ nÕVr `m§Mmhr dmna AmVm Amdí`H$ ~Zbm Amho. J«§Wmbò Oer _hÎdmMr AmhoV VerM Ë`m J«§Wmb`mV òUmao dmMH$hr _hÎdmMo AgVmV. J«§Wmb`mV òUmao dmMH$ ho H$moUË`m àH$maMo gm{hË` dmMVmV, Ë`m§À`m dmMZm{df`rÀ`m AmdS>r, dmMH$m§Mr _mJUr OmñV Agbobr nwñVHo$, J«§Wmb`mVrb J«§Wm§Mm dmna Vo H$moUË`m H$maUmgmR>r H$aVmV `m gdmªMm Aä`mg H$aUo ho _hÎdmMo AgVo. VgoM H$moUVm J«§W dmMH$m§H$Sy>Z OmñV dmnabm Jobm, {H$Vr J«§W J«§Wmb`mV dmMH$m§H$Sy>Z hmVmibo Jobo `m§Mmhr Aä`mg H$aUo _hÎdmMo R>aVo. `wO ñQ>S>r `wO ñQ>S>r_Üò dmMH$m§À`m JaOm bjmV Z KoVm dmMH$ J«§Wmb`mMm dmna H$gm H$aVmV `mMm Aä`mg Ho$bm OmVmo. dmMH$ J«§Wmb`mV Amë`mda Ë`m§À`m dmMZ{df`H$ / _m{hVr{df`H$ JaOm§Mm emoY KoÊ`mgmR>r Vo J«§Wmb`mMm H$gm Cn`moJ H$aVmV `mMm Aä`mg åhUOo `wO ñQ>S>r hmo`. `wO ñQ>S>rÛmam dñVw{Zð> _m{hVr dmMH$m§H$Sy>Z {_i{dVm òVo. ì`m»`m ""Ooìhm Cn^moŠË`m§À`m g§~§YrÀ`m g§emoYZmV Cn^moŠË`mÀ`m àË`j H$m`©nÕVrMm (Actual Information Behaviour) Aä`mg Ho$bm OmVmo, Voìhm Ë`mg `wO ñQ>S>r Ago åhUVmV.'' kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 17 "Use as an activity is still the most valid measure of any item's worth to a library or information system. Much of the literature on the subject of measuring library usage has to do with issues of collection maintenance identifying the most or least used areas of the library." dmMH$m§Zr J«§Wmb`m§Mm dmna H$gm Ho$bm ho `wO ñQ>S>r_Üò nm{hbo OmVo. H$moUVo J«§W OmñV à_mUmV dmnabo OmVmV, H$moUË`m J«§Wm§Zm OmñV _mJUr Amho, VgoM H$moUË`m g§X^©godm {H$Vr à_mUmV dmMH$m§H$Sy>Z CnbãY AmhoV, Ë`m§Mm Cn`moJ dmMH$m§Zm Ë`m§À`m g§emoYZ H$m`m©V hmoVmo H$m Zmhr `m§Mm Aä`mg `wO ñQ>S>rÛmao H$aVm òVmo. `mdê$Z J«§Wmb`m§Mo _moO_mn H$aVm òVo. J«§Wmb`mVrb ÌwQ>tMm AmT>mdm KoD$Z Ë`m gwYmaVm òVmV. dmMH$mZo / g§emoYH$mZo Ë`mÀ`m boImZm_Üò {Xboë`m g§X^© gyMrÀ`m AmYmao Ë`mbm J«§Wmb`mVrb H$moUË`m gmYZm§Mm àË`jnUo dmna H$aVm Ambm ? J«§Wmb`mH$Sy>Z Ë`mÀ`m JaOm ^mJ{dë`m Joë`m H$m ho nmhVm òVo. VgoM Am§VaJ«§Wmb`rZ XodKod à{H«$òV H$moUVm J«§W dma§dma _mJdmdm bmJbm, H$moUVo J«§W J«§Wmb`mV CnbãY hmoUo _hÎdmMo AmhoV, BË`mXr Jmoï>tMm Aä`mg H$aVm òVmo. `wO ñQ>S>rÛmao Or _m{hVr g§H${bV Ho$br OmVo Vr g§»`mË_H$ ñdê$nmMr AgVo. hr EH$ àË`j H$m`©nÕVr Agë`mZo _m{hVr g§H${bV H$aÊ`mgmR>r {d{dY g§emoYZ nÕVrMm dmna H$aVm òVmo. `wOa ñQ>S>r J«§Wmb`mMm nm`m hm J«§WdmMH$ d godm `m§da AmYm[aV AgVmo. S>m°. a§JZmWZ `m§Zr gm§{JVë`mà_mUo J«§Wmb`m§Mm {dH$mg H$aVmZm J«§Wg§J«h d XoÊ`mV òUmè`m godm `m§~amo~aM dmMH$ d Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z Ho$bm OmUmam J«§Wmb`mMm dmna `mMmhr {dMma H$amd`mg hdm. dmMH$m§Zm H|$Ðq~Xy _mZyZ J«§Wmb`m§Mm {dH$mg Ho$bm Jobm nm{hOo. dmMH$m§Mm Aä`mg `m_Üò dmMH$m§Mr dV©UyH$, Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z dmnabm OmUmam J«§Wg§J«h d Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§À`m g§emoYZmV dmna Ho$boë`m nwñVH$m§Mr `mXr `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. dmMH$ Ë`m§Zm nm{hOo Agboë`m J«§Wm§Mm emoY KoÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVm _mJ© Adb§~VmV `mMm Aä`mg H$aUo, {_idboë`m J«§Wm§Mm Ë`m§À`m g§emoYZm_Üò H$gm d {H$Vr dmna H$aVmV ho nmhUo. VgoM Ë`m§À`m nyU© Pmboë`m g§emoYZmV H$moUË`m d {H$Vr J«§Wm§Mm CëboI Ë`m§À`m gyMr_Üò Ambm Amho, `mMm emoY KoUo `m àH$mao dmMH$m§Mm Aä`mg Ho$bm OmVmo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 18 ì`m»`m (1) According to a "Whittaker: a user may be defined as a "a person who uses one or more libraries services at least once in a year." User are individuals who can be divided in to different categories on the basis of tasks assigned to them in a library organization."1 (2) ""`wOa ñQ>S>r åhUOo dmMH$, Cn^moŠVo, g§emoYH$ `m§À`m {d{dY _m{hVr gmYZm§Ûmao (àíZmdbr, _wbmIV, S>màr) KoVboë`m _m{hVr{df`rÀ`m JaOm§Mm emoY hmo`.'' (3) ""Ooìhm EImXçm g§emoYZmV Cn^moŠË`mÀ`m ì`ŠV H$m`© nÕVrMm (Verbal Information Behaviour) Aä`mg Ho$bm OmVmo, Voìhm Ë`mbm `wOa ñQ>S>r åhUVmV.'' ~XbË`m H$mimZwgma dmMH$m§À`m dmMZgm{hË`mÀ`m JaOmhr ~XbV AmhoV. AmO _m{hVrÀ`m n[añ\$moQ>m_wio _m{hVr hr _moR>çm à_mUmV {Z_m©U hmoV Amho. `m dmT>Umè`m _m{hVr_wio dmMH$m§À`m _m{hVrMm emoY KoÊ`mÀ`m d¥ÎmrVhr dmT> hmoV Amho. g_mOmVrb, OJmVrb, àM{bV KS>m_moS>tMm emoY dmMH$m§Zm AgVmo. dmMH$ Ë`mbm hì`m AgUmè`m _m{hVrMm emoY ñdV: KoV AgVmo. Ë`mgmR>r Vmo J«§Wmbò, ~mø KQ>H$m§Mr _XV, ñdV: J«§W IaoXr H$ê$Z, g§JUH$mÀ`m _XVrZo, BË`mXr àH$mao _m{hVrMm emoY KoV AgVmo. `mgmR>r àËòH$ J«§Wnmbm§Zm Ë`m§À`m dmMH$m§Mm Aä`mg H$ê$Z J«§Wmb`m§Mr Cn`wŠVVm dmT>{dÊ`mda â Úmdm bmJVmo. `m dmMH$m§Mm Aä`mg hm dmMH$m§À`m ì`ŠV H$m`©nÕVrMm (Verbal Information Behaviour) Aä`mg `wOa ñQ>S>r_Üò Ho$bm OmVmo. `m_Üò dmMH$ Amnbr _Vo ì`ŠV H$aV AgVmo. Ë`mÛmao Ë`mbm nm{hOo Agboë`m _m{hVrMm emoY KoÊ`mg _XV Ho$br OmVo. `wOa ñQ>S>r_Üò àíZmdbr, _wbmIV, {ZarjU `m§gma»`m gmYZm§Mm _m{hVr g§H${bV H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. dmMH$m§Zm J«§Wmb`m§H$Sy>Z H$em àH$maÀ`m Anojm AmhoV `mgmR>r dmMH$m§À`m ì`pŠV{Zð> JaOm§Mm Aä`mg H$amdm bmJVmo. `wO d `wOa ñQ>S>r `mdarb g§JUH$sH$aUmMm à^md J«§Wmb`m_Üò g§JUH$mZo àdoe Ho$ë`mZo J«§Wmbò hr dmMH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo A{YH$ gmo`rMr R>abr AmhoV. g§JUH$m_wio dmMH$m§Zm J«§Wm§Mr _m{hVr H$mhr jUm§V {_idyZ XoVm òVo. Ë`m_wio J«§Wmb`rZ godH$m§Mm d dmMH$m§Mm doi dmM{dVm òUo eŠ` Pmbo Amho. g§JUH$mMm Adb§~ J«§Wmb`mV Ho$ë`mZo dmMH$m§g§~§YrMr _m{hVr bJoM {_iy kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 19 eH$Vo. dmMH$m§Mr Zm|X g§JUH$mda Ho$ë`mZo EH$m dmMH$mZo H$moUË`m J«§Wm§Mr dma§dma _mJUr Ho$br Amho ho g_Oy eH$Vo. H$moUVo J«§W Ë`mZo dmMbo AmhoV ho g_Oy eH$Vo. gÜ`m J«§Wmb`m§_Üò dmnaë`m OmUmè`m RFID (Radio Frequencey Identification) `m V§ÌkmZm_wio dmMH$m§Zm d J«§Wmb` H$_©Mmè`m§Zm OmñV Cn`wŠV Pmbo Amho. `m V§ÌkmZmVrb goë\$ MoH$ BZ `m V§ÌkmZm_wio J«§Wmb`mVrb dmMH$m§H$Sy>Z hmVmibr Joboë`m nwñVH$m§Mr Zm|X g_Oy eH$Vo. goë\$ MoZ BZ åhUOo J«§Wmb`mV ~gdbobo Ago `§Ì Á`mda dmMH$ Amnë`m A§JR>çmMm R>gm XoD$Z / J«§Wmb`mVrb _|~aern H$mS>© (ñ_mQ>©H$mS>©) Ë`m _erZda R>odyZ Ë`m§Mr AmoiI Ë`m _erZbm XoVmV d Oo nwñVH$ H$nmQ>mdê$Z ~KÊ`mgmR>r, Ho$di hmVmiÊ`mgmR>r KoVbo Amho Vo nwñVH$ Ë`m _erZda R>odyZ Ë`m H$nmQ>mdê$Z H$mT>boë`m nwñVH$mMr Zm|X Ë`m _|~aÀ`m Zmdmda Ho$br OmVo. Ë`m_wio dmMH$m§Zr {H$Vr d H$moUVr nwñVHo$ {XdgâmV hmVmibr AmhoV `mMr Zm|X Ë`m _erZda amhVo. `m_wio dmMH$ J«§Wmb`mVrb J«§Wm§Mm dmna {H$Vr à_mUmV H$aVmV `mMr Zm|X {_iVo. `m àH$maMr _erÝg J«§Wmb`mV R>odbr AgVm dmMH$m§Zm Ë`m _erZMr _m{hVr XoD$Z Ë`m§Zr Vo dmnabo Va `m_wio àËòH$ J«§W {H$Vr dmMH$m§Zr dmnabm, H$moUË`m J«§Wm§Zm OmñV _mJUr Amho, `mMr Zm|X R>odUo ghO eŠ` hmoVo. Aem J«§Wmb`mVrb dmMH$m§Zmhr Ago _erZ dmnaÊ`mgmR>r à{ejU {Xbo OmVo. `m àH$mao g§JUH$mÀ`m ghmæ`mZo `wO ñQ>S>rgma»`m Jw§VmJw§VrÀ`m H$m_mMo ñdê$n EH$X_ gmono d gmo`rñH$a Pmbobo Amho. dmMH$m§Zm Ë`m§Zr {d{eï> H$mbmdYrV H$moUH$moUVo J«§W {H$Vr H$mimH$[aVm KoVbo hmoVo, EH$M J§«W nwZ… nwÝhm KoVbm hmoVm H$m Aem AZoH$ àíZm§Mr CÎmao bJoM AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo dmMH$ d J«§Wnmb qH$dm J«§Wmb`rZ H$_©Mmar `m§Zm {_iy eH$VmV. `m àH$mao J«§Wmb`mVrb dmMZgm{hË` {dH$mgmgmR>r Amdí`H$ d _hÎdnyU© _m{hVr CnbãY hmoD$ eH$Vo. g§X^© (1) Allen, R. E. (1984), The Poket Oxford Dictionary of current English, Oxford, Clarendor Press : p.421. (2) http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/library (3) kmZJ§ JmoÌ r, {S>g |~ a-OmZo d mar-\o $~«w dmar, 2010-2011 nmZ.Z§ . 19, Retrived on. (4) http:www.academicjournals.org/IJLIS.Retrived on (5) Van house, N. Weil N., and McClure, C. 1990, Measuring Academic Library Performance, A practical approach, Chicago, American Library Association XodKod {d^mJ RFID V§ÌkmZm_wio XodKod {d^mJmVrb AMyH$ Zm|Xr H$iVmV, Ogo J«§W {H$Vr naV Ambo, {H$Vr dmMH$m§Zm Kar dmMÊ`mg {Xbo, _wXV dmT>dyZ Zoboë`m J«§Wm§Mr g§»`m, _mJUr Agboë`m J«§Wm§Zm dmMH$m§er g§nH©$ gmYyZ J«§W naV _mJ{dÊ`mMr à{H«$`m, `m V§ÌkmZm_wio eŠ` Pmbr Amho. ìh°Z hmD$g `m§Zr gm§{JVë`mZwgma XodKod {d^mJm_wio dmMH$m§Mm àH$ma, nwñVH$m§Mo H$nmQ>mdarb ñWmZ, nwñVH$ _mJÊ`mMo _mÜ`_ d H$m°b Z§~a `m§Mr _m{hVr {_iVo. VgoM dmMH$m§À`m doioMrhr H$ënZm òVo. H$moUVm dmMH$ H$Yr Hw$R>ë`m doioV OmñV à_mUmV J«§Wmb`m§Zm ôQ> XoVmV ho g_yOZ òVo. B§Q>a bm`~«ar bmoZ_wio J«§Wmb`mVrb dmMH$m§gmR>r Xwgè`m J«§Wmb`mVyZ {H$Vr nwñVHo$ _mJ{dbr d BVa J«§Wmb`m§Zr Ë`m§À`m dmMH$m§gmR>r Amnë`m J«§Wmb`mVyZ {H$Vr nwñVHo$ _mJdyZ KoVbr `m§Mo à_mU g_OVo. EHy$U J«§Wmb` ZoQ>dH©$_Yrb nwñVH$m§À`m XodKodrMo à_mU {H$Vr Amho ho H$iVo. àËòH$ _{hÝ`mV EHy$U {H$Vr nwñVH$m§Mr XodKod MmbVo `mMm g{dñVa d¥ÎmmÝV g_OVmo. VgoM J«§Wmb`rZ ZoQ>dH©$_Yrb B§Q>a bm`~«ar bmoZMohr ñdê$n H$iVo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 20 kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 21 kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO Am{U J«§Wmb`mMr ^y{_H$m S>m°. S>r.Q>r. Jm`H$dmS> ghm`H$ J«§Wmb` VWm _m{hVr A{YH$mar, H|$Ðr` Ob Am{U {dÚwV g§emoYZ H|$Ð, IS>H$dmgbm, nwUo grS>r/S>rìhrS>r amo_, {Z`VH$m{bHo$, dV©_mZnÌo Am{U J«§Wmb`mVrb àH$m{eV gm{hË` hr kmZmMr gmYZo AmhoV. åhUyZ J«§Wmbò hr gÎmm§VaUmV d kmZ{Z{_©VrV CëboIZr` H$m`m©_wio Ë`m§Zm H$_mbrMo _hÎd àmá Pmbo Amho. àËòH$ H$m`m©b`mVrb J«§Wmb`mV hr gmYZo {Z:ewëH$ CnbãY AmhoV. _m{hVr Am{U XiUdiU V§ÌkmZm_wio g_mOmMo gm_m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ nQ>bmda A^yVnyd©H$ ~Xb Pmbo AmhoV. Imbrb VŠË`mV Am¡Úmo{JH$ `wJmnmgyZ Vo _m{hVr `wJmn`ªVMo ~XbmMo dU©Z Ho$bo Amho Vo Ago. Am¡Úmo{JH$ `wJ _m{hVrMo `wJ gÜ`m OrdZmÀ`m joÌmV Am_ybmJ« ~Xb KSy>Z òV AmhoV. Vmo ~Xb gm_mÝ` _mUgmbm nM{dUo AdKS> OmV Amho. _mUyg AmíM`©M{H$V hmoVmo d Ë`mbm H$mhr g_OoZmgo hmoVo. BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ {_S>r`m, J«§Wmb` d _m{hVr H|$Ðo, dV©_mZnÌo, {d{dY {Z`VH$m{bHo$, Q>r.ìhr. M°Zob, B§Q>aZoQ> godm, àH$meZ gm{hË`mVyZ _moR>çm à_mUmda _m{hVr CnbãY hmoV Amho. hr _m{hVr Aer AgVo H$s, Ë`mVrb EH$m KQ>H$mMm BVa KQ>H$m§er H$mhr g§~§Y OmoS>Vm òV Zmhr. _m{hVrMm ZwgVm Y~Y~m H$mogiV AgVmo. Ë`mV EH$gyÌVm ZgVo. {d{dY joÌm§Vrb {deofkm§Mr g§»`mhr hiyhiy \$ma dmT>br Amho. gm_mÝ` _mUgmbm JwX_ê$Z Q>mH$Vm òB©b, Aem ñdê$nmMo amoO Zdo Ahdmb, AmH$S>odmar, AmoiI, Am°ZbmB©Z boI gmXa H$aVmV. dV©_mZnÌmVrb ZdZdrZ ~mVå`m, AmíM`© Am{U AZw_mZ gm_mÝ` _mUgmbm Jm|YimV Q>mH$V AmhoV Ago {MÌ Amho. _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ `wJmV \o$g~yH$, AmHw©$Q>, {Q‰>Q>a `m _mÜ`_m§Mm _m{hVr g§ào{fV H$aÊ`mgmR>r _moR>çm à_mUmV Cn`moJ hmoD$ bmJbm Amho. `m doJdoJù`m gmYZm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _m{hVrMo AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aUo AË`§V Amdí`H$ Pmbobo Amho. hr gmYZo dmnaUo Ogo Amdí`H$ Pmbobo Amho Vgo Ë`mMo H$mhr Xwîn[aUm_hr OmUdVmV. CXm. \o$g~wH$Mo ImoQ>o ñWi {Z_m©U H$ê$Z A`mo½` _m{hVrMo {dVaU H$aUo. Ë`mH$[aVm gm`~a H«$mB©_ gma»`m gd©Ì emImhr nmobrg ImË`mV {Z_m©U H$amì`m bmJë`m AmhoV. H$mhrhr Agbo Var _m{hVrMr hr ZdrZ gmYZo {ZpíMVM H«$m§VrH$maH$ ^mgyZ XoemÀ`m / OJmÀ`m àJVrgmR>r {ZpíMVM `m gmYZm§Mm Cn`moJ hmoV Amho. _m{hVr{Y{ð>V g_mOmMm {Z{_©VrgmR>r {d{dY àH$maÀ`m _m{hVrgmYZmVrb _m{hVr dmnaUo / _m{hVrMr {Z{_©Vr H$aUo ho _hÎdmMo Amho. hr kmZ{Z{_©Vr H$moRy>Z hmoVo ? Ë`m§Mr gmYZo H$m` ? kmZ{Z{_©VrgmR>r AmOMr J«§Wmb` d _m{hVr H|$Ðo _mobmMr ^y{_H$m ~OmdV AmhoV. B§Q>aZoQ>, Q>r.ìhr. M°Zob, à_mUrH$aU H$ñQ>_m`PoeZ ZmoH$aremhr`wŠV g§ñWm g§K eŠVrda AmYm[aV g§ñWm H|$Ðr^yV Vm~m nmaXe©H$ ñdm`VÎmm d¡`pŠVH$ g§~§Y ghH$mar g§~§Y EH$m ì`ŠVrZo KoVbobo {ZU©` gdmªZr {_idyZ KoVbobo {ZU©` gwédmV nyV©Vm H$aUo H$aUo EH${ÌV H$aUo {d{dYVm EH$m ~mOyZo XiUdiU XiUdiUmMo Omio {d^mJrH$aU gd© ^mJmda bj XoUo à^mJmda AmYm[aV à{H«$òda AmYm[aV {Z`mo{OV EHy$U JwUdÎmm H$m`©H$mar g§MmbH$ à_wI J«mhH$ à_wI/Cn^moŠVm amOm 1750 Vo 1850 À`m Xaå`mZ, Am¡Úmo{JH$ H«$m§VrMm gH$mamË_H$ n[aUm_ Agm Pmbm H$s, H$_r doimV, H$_r IMm©V A{YH$ JwUdÎmm Agbobm _mb H$_rV H$_r {H$_VrV {_iy bmJbm. bmoH$m§Mo EH$ à_mU~Õ amhUr_mZ V`ma hmoD$ bmJbo. Am{W©H$ gw~Îmm Amë`mZo Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmV â_gmR> dmT> Pmbr. ì`mnma Am{U XiUdiUmMm Am§Vaamï´>r` nmVirda {dH$mg hmoD$ bmJbm. Ë`m_wio gd©gm_mÝ` _mUgmMo OrdZ_mZ gwYmaÊ`mg _XV Pmbr. \«$mÝg Am{U B§½b§S>Mr bmoH$emhr g§H$ënZm ê$Oy bmJbr. Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZo d I{ZOo `m§Mm Am¡Úmo{JH$ {dH$mgmH$[aVm _moR>çm à_mUmV Cn`moJ hmoD$ bmJbm. Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUm_wio hdm, nmUr, ÜdZr `m§À`m àXyfUmMo Xwîn[aUm_ bmoH$m§da OmUdy bmJbo. AUwD$O©oMm dmna dmT>bm. `m H$mimV {dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZmg B§½b§S>_YyZ gwédmV Pmbr. {dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Oo ZdZdrZ emoY bmJboV Vo kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 22 kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 23 àñVmdZm {dH$mgmMoM {ZXe©H$ hmoVo. EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mV "_m{hVr V§ÌkmZ' hr doJir g§H$ënZm {dH${gV hmoD$Z {dkmZ Am{U gm_m{OH$ {dkmZ `mnmgyZ doJir hmoD$Z g§àofU d g§JUrH¥$V Ë`mgmo~V CX`mg Ambo. 1801 _Üò Omogog _m[a`m O°H$S>© `m§Zr \«$mÝg_Üò "n§M²S> H$mS>©àUmbr' hr nÕV H$nS>o {edVmZm {Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mgmR>r emoYyZ H$mT>br. Mmb©g ~°~oO `m§Zr "{S>\$aÝg B§{OZ' ho AmYw{ZH$ g§JUH$ {dH${gV H$aÊ`mH$S>o n{hbo nmD$b Q>mH$bo. Z§Va 1834 _Üò "A°Zmbo{Q>H$b B§{OZ' 1843 _Üò [aMS>© hmo `m§Zr amoQ>ar àog, 1844 _Üò g°å`wb _mog© `m§Zr n{hbm Q>o{bJ«m\$ emoYyZ H$mT>bm. Ë`m_wio nwT>rb EH$mo{Ugmdo eVH$ _hÎdmMo R>abo. (2) _m{hVrMm g_mO (Information Society) gd© ~XbmMo ê$nm§Va _m{hVr d g§àofU V§ÌkmZmV ( Information and communication Technology) _Üò hmoV Amho. åhUyZ gÜ`mMo Am¡Úmo{JH$ g_mOmMo ê$nm§ V a ZdrZ `w J mV åhUOo "½bmo ~ b pìhbo O ', "Q> o Š Zmo Q ´ > m o { ZH$ Bam° ' , "Am¡Úmo{JH$aUmZ§VaMm g_mO' , "_m{hVrMo `wJ' Am{U "kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO' Aem g§H$ënZm ê$T> hmoD$ bmJë`m. _m{hVr g_mO OmJ{VH$ {eIa n[afX (World Summit on the Information Society - WSIS) XmoÝhr "_m{hVrMm g_mO Am{U kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO' Aem g§H$ënZmMm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm. gd©àW_ 1973 gmbr S>°{Z`b ~ob `m§Zr "_m{hVr g_mO' 'Information Society' hr g§H$ënZm Ë`m§À`m The Coming of Post Industrial Society `m J«§WmV _m§S>br. "kmZmda AmYm[aV godm qH$dm VmpÎdH$ kmZ' `m XmoZ n¡byda ZdrZ AW©ì`dñWoMm _Ü`dVu g§aMZm Am{U _m{hVrda AmYm[aV g_mO Aer _m§S>Ur Ho$br. 1990 À`m XeH$Vm dëS>© dmB©S> do~ Am{U Am`.gr.Q>r.Mm {dH$mg Pmbm. "_m{hVrMm g_mO' hr g§H$ënZm emgH$s` d VmpÎdH$ {dMmagmaUrda ~m§YUr hmoV AgVm {VMm _w»` hoVy hm OmJ{VH$ ~mOmamV "ñd`§-{Z`§{ÌV' Self-regulated H$aUo hm hmoVm. `mV OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>H$ (WTO) Am§Vaamï´>r` ZmUo {ZYr Am{U OmJ{VH$ ~±H$ `m ~hþ{dY g§ñWm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ OJmVrb Jar~ Am{U lr_§V Aer Xar {Z_m©U hmoD$Z {dH${gV amï´>m§Zr _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmÀ`m nm`m^yV gw{dYm {dH$mg YmoaUmMm Adb§~ Ho$ë`mZo XiUdiU CÚmoJ eoAa ~mOmamda Ambm, na§Vw CÎmaoH$S>rb ~mOma Wm§~Ê`mg gwê$dmV Pmbr. {dH${gV amï´>mVrb Q>o{bH$å`w{ZHo$eZ Am{U BÝ\$moa_°{Q>Šg H§$nÝ`m Jw § V dUw H $sgmR> r ZdrZ ~mOma emo Y y bmJë`m. XiUdiU V§ Ì kmZ Am{W© H $ OmJ{VH$sH$aUmV _m{hVrMm g_mO A{YH$ g§~§Y Amë`mZo _m{hVr OmJ{VH$sH$aUmMm kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 24 "JwS>drb A°å~°gS>a' åhUyZ ^y{_H$m {Z^mdy bmJbm. {S>{OQ>b {S>ìhmB©S> Xar ^ê$ H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r à`ËZ gwê$ Pmbo. (3) kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO (Knowledge Society) 1990 À`m "kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO' hr g§H$ënZm CX`mg Ambr. "_m{hVrMm g_mO' `m g§H$ënZobm n`m©` åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mV òD$ bmJbr. `wZoñH$moZr "kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO' g§H$ënZm g§ñWmVrb YmoaUmbm CÔoeyZ ñdrH$mabr. \$ŠV Am{W©H$ n¡bygmR>rM Zìho Va "_m{hVrMm g_mO' hm kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mOmMm _yb^yV nm`m Amho. "_m{hVrMm g_mO' g§H$ënZm Vm§{ÌH$ emoYmer {ZJ{S>V Amho. gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, amOH$s` Am{U g§ñWmË_H$ ê$nm§Va Am{U {dH$mgmË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ, BË`mXr A§J kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mOmV AmhoV. "kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO' g§H$ënZoV _m{hVr g_mOmbm àmYmÝ` {Xbo OmVo. hm g_mO J{V_mZ Amho. kmZ ho Am{W©H$ dmT>rgmR>r Amdí`H$ Va AmhoM na§Vw g_mOmVrb gd© KQ>H$m§À`m {dH$mgmH$[aVm nmofH$ Amho. _°Ý`wAb H$mñQ>obg `m boIH$mZo "BÝ\$moa_oeZb gmogm`Q>r' Vo "BÝ\$moa_oeZ gmogm`Q>r' Agm eãXà`moJ Ho$bm. CÚmoJ Am{U Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aU `mVbm \$aH$ Xe©{dÊ`mgmR>r hm eãXà`moJ Ho$ë`mMo AmT>iyZ òVo. "kmZ Am{U _m{hVr' øm gd© {dH$mg à{H«$òVë`m {ZUm©`H$ n¡by AmhoV. "BÝ\$moao_oeZb' hr g§H$ënZm gm_m{OH$ g§ñWm åhUyZ _m{hVrMo {Z_m©U, à{H«$`m Am{U {dVaU ho Q>ßno AgyZ CËnmXZ Am{U gÎmoMo òmoV AmhoV. "_m{hVrMm g_mO' H$m`m©Mm Ame` ì`ŠV H$aUmar g§H$ënZm åhUOo g§H$bZ, à{H«$`m Am{U _m{hVrMo XiUdiU Am{U "kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO' g§H$ënZm Am{W©H$ _mÜ`_mMo H$m`© KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mgmR>r {Z`§{ÌV H$aUmar eŠVr Amho. AbdrZ Q>m°\$baÀ`m _Vo, _m{hVrMm g_mO AW© ZrVrMo "kmZ' ho à_wI gmYZ Amho. `m EH$m eãXmV AmH$S>o, _m{hVr, à{V_m, àVrHo$, g§ñH¥$Vr, {dMmagaUr Am{U _yëò XS>bobr AmhoV. {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m eodQ>r Obr` g_mO (Networked Society) g§H$ënZoV "_m{hVrMm g_mO' `m {gÕm§Vmbm _hÎd àmá Pmbo Amho. ZoQ>d{Hª$J, pìhS>rAmo H$m°Ý\$aqgJ, BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _ob Am{U _m{hVr à{VemoY `m CnH«$_m§Zm _hÎd àmá Pmbo. (4) J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVr H|$ÐmMr ^y{_H$m "J«§Wmbò' hr nma§n[aH$ kmZg§dY©ZmMr _§{Xao d J«§WnmbmMr ^y{_H$m kmZ gmR>dU H$aUmam Aer hmoVr. EH$m eVH$mnydu J«§Wmbò kmZmMo ^m§S>mao åhUyZ J«§WmMr H$miOr KoUmao Am{U J«§Wnmb Ë`m§Mo IaoXr, ì`dñWmnZ, gmR>dUo, g§dY©Z Am{U {dVaU H$aUo kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 25 ho à_wI H$m`© hmoVo. 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Ë`m g§b¾ _m{hVr {_i{dUo, _yë`_mnZ Am{U {dVaU H$aUo ^mJ nS>bo. `mH$[aVm gmaboIZ, ^mfm§Va godm, {ZX©o{eH$m, gyMr d Ahdmb V`ma H$aUo, _m{hVr d g§emoYZ {H«$`m§Zm doJ Ambm. · · · · · · · · (5) A§H$s` J«§Wmb` : JaO Am{U hoVy (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) _m{hVr V§ÌkmZm_wio "A§H$s` J«§Wmb`' dm "{S>{OQ>b bm`~«ar' øm g§H$ënZm dmMH$m§Zm AmH${f©V H$aV AmhoV. H$moUVmhr _OHy$a ghO Am{U MQ>H$Z nmhd`mMm Agob Va "A§H$s` J«§Wmb`' ho EH$ gmYZ åhUyZ dmnabo OmVo. ~hþ_mÜ`_r` AmH$S>o Ë`m§Mo gmR>dU d Ë`mMo XiUdiU H$aÊ`mg AmìhmZ R>aV AmhoV. AmnU B§Q>aZoQ>_wio hr _m{hVr amï´>r` d Am§Vaamï´>r` ZoQ>dH©$da ghO nmR>dy eH$Vmo. Ë`m_wio {ejUVÁk, J«§Wmbò, ì`mdgm{`H$, àH$meH$, àUmbr {dH$gH$ Am{U Cn^moŠVmdJ© hm A§H$s` J«§Wmb`mH$S>o EH$ AmXe© Am{U V§ÌkmZ åhUyZ nmhV AmhoV. J«§Wmbò Am{U g§dY©Z `m§Mo J«§Wg§J«h A§H$s` ñdê$nmV OnÊ`mgmR>r Zìho Va _moR>çm ñdê$nmV Ë`mMm Ame` doJdoJiçm {R>H$mUmhÿZ nmhÊ`mgmR>r, AÜ`mnZmgmR>r dmnaV AmhoV. Ë`m_wio g_mOmMo A§H$s` J«§Wmb`m~Ôb AmH$f©U dmT>V Amho. 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(6) B©-AH$m©BìhO_Üò H$m°nr Ho$bobr _m{hVr âbm°nrda AWdm Q>onda ghOnUo gwa{jV R>odVm òVo. (7) B©-npãbqeJMr _m{hVr doioV d J«§Wmb` _m{hVr H|$Ðm§Zm IaoXr H$amdr bmJV Zmhr. (8) H$_r IMm©V Am{U doJmZr _m{hVr àH$m{eV hmoVo. (9) AmdmO, {MÌ, BË`mXrMr \$mB©b `mV g_m{dï> AgVo. (10) hr àH$meZo H$moRy>Zhr JwJbda emoYVm òVmV. boI d àH$meZo ghOnUo CnbãY hmoVmV. (11) H$moUVmhr boI AWdm àH$meZ _m{hVr doJmZo àH$m{eV H$aVm òVo. `mV g§H$bZ, _wÐU Am{U àH$meZ Zmhr. darb MM©odê$Z g§{jánUo Ago gm§JVm òB©b H$s, AmO {d{dY joÌm§V _m{hVrÀ`m {dñ\$moQ>m_wio g_mOmVrb àËòH$ _m{hVrÀ`m AmYmao ehmUm hmoD$Z gÎmm hñVJV H$aÊ`mÀ`m _mJo YmdV Amho. gÎmm hñVm§VaU (Power Shifting) hr {H«$`m KS>V Amho. 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ÁmiJmd Email : kalpanasonawane73@rediffmail.com àm. àXrn Vwieram_ nmQ>rc J«§Wnmc A.`w.H$.Ho$ g§M{cV, _{hcm _hm{dÚmc`, Xodnya, Ywio Email ptpatil66@rediffmail.com gmam§e AmO OJmV _moRçm à_mUmda {d{dY joÌm§V g§emoYZ Mmcy Amho, nU nmíMmÎ` amï´>mV Á`mà_mUo g§emoYZmda _ohZV KoVcr OmVo Ë`m à_mUmV Amnë`mH$So> _ohZV KoVcr OmV Zmhr. g§emoYZmV ~è`mMem à_mUmV CMco{Jar Ho$cr OmVo d g§JUH$mV H$m°nr, noñQ> hr gw{dYm Agë`mZo Ë`mV AmUIr â nS>Vo. Ë`m_wio gXa g§emoYZ Mm§Jco hmoÊ`mgmR>r H$m` H$miOr ¿`mdr d g§emoYZmV H$moUVr Z¡{VH$Vm nmimdr `mMm D$hmnmoh gXa g§emoYZ coIm_Üò KoVcm Amho. Ë`mV àñVmdZm, ì`m»`m, àH$ma, Zr{VVÎdo, _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo, g§{hVm d YmoaUo `m§Mr _m{hVr {Xcocr Amho. g§emooYZ (Meaning of re-search) g§emooYZ hm eãX B§J«OrVrc research `m eãXmgmR>r à{VeãX Amho. re åhUOo nwÝhm Am{U search åhUOo emoY KoUo, nwZ… nwÝhm emoY KoUo qH$dm Pmcoë`m g§emoYZmda nwZ… nwÝhm g§emoYZ H$ê$Z ZdrZ VÏ`, ZdrZ gË` Am{U ZdrZ dñVwpñWVr Aä`mgUo åhUOo g§eomYZ hmo`. åhUOo CncãY Agcoë`m kmZmMo dñVw{Zð> nÕVrZo narjU H$aUo qH$dm ZdrZ kmZ àmá H$aUo qH$dm g§nmXZ H$aUo hmo`. g§emoYZ hr gVV MmbUmar ~m¡{ÕH$ à{H«$`m Amho. `m à{H«$òV OwÝ`m ÌwQ>r Xya H$ê$Z ZdrZ dñVwpñWVr H$moUVmhr nyd©J«h _Zmer Z ~miJVm _m§S>ë`m OmVmV. gË` emoYyZ H$mT>Uo Am{U Ë`mÛmao {ZU©` KoUo ho ~m¡{ÕH$ kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 30 kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 31 à{H«$òMo A§J^yV cjU g_Oco OmVo. EImÚm {df`mMo gË` ho Mm¡H$er qH$dm emoYm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _mhrV H$ê$Z KoUo åhUOo g§emoYZ hmo`. g§emoYZ à{H«$òMm nm`m hm ì`ŠVrMr {Okmgy d¥Îmr hm AgVmo. gm_m{OH$ g§~§Y, {dMmaàUmcr, nañnag§~§Y Am{U gË` emoYÊ`mMr YS>nS> `m ~m~r g§emoYZmMr ì`mnH$Vm ñnï> H$aÊ`mgmR>r Cn`wº$ R>aVmV. g§emoYZ hr gVV MmcUmar à{H«$`m AgyZ nyd©kmZmMo {dícofU Am{U dñVw{Zð> nÕVrZo ZdrZ gË` ZdZdrZ g§H$ënZmÀ`m ñdê$nmV _m§S>co OmVo. {Okmgm qH$dm kmZ g§nmXZ H$aUo hr _mZdmMr EH$ _yc^yV àd¥Îmr Amho, Ë`mgmR>r Vmo Amnë`m kmZo{Ð`m§À`m Cn`moJ H$arV AgVmo. _mZdr OrdZmVrc, ì`dhmamVrc Am{U g¥ï>rVrc {d{dY g_ñ`m gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r gmVË`mZo g§emoYZ H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. g§emoYZm_wio g_mOmÀ`m {dH$mgmcm _XV hmoVo. gm_m{OH$ g§emoYZ hm Ho$di EH$ e¡j{UH$ CnH«$_ ZgyZ H$mhrVar emoYyZ H$mT>Ê`mMm Vmo EH$ g§H$ën Amho. g§emoYZ hm EH$ àdmh Amho, H$maU g§emoYZ H$m`© H$YrM g§nV ZgVo. EImÚm g§emoYZ g_ñòMo g_mYmZH$maH$ CÎma emoYÊ`mgmR>r Ho$coë`m g§emoYZmVyZ AZoH$ Xwgè`m Ano{jV g_ñ`m {Z_m©U hmoVmV Am{U Ë`mgmR>r nwÝhm g§emoYZ H$amdo cmJVo. Aem àH$mao g§emoYZ hm gVV Zì`mMm emoY KoÊ`mMm EH$ ì`dpñWV d g§K{Q>V à`ËZ Amho. ì`m»`m : Oo.S>ãë`w. ~oñQ> `m§Mo _Vo Iè`m AWm©Zo g§emoYZ åhUOo d¡km{ZH$ nÕVr àË`jmV H$m`m©pÝdV H$aÊ`mMr A{YH$ {Z`_~Õ, AmH$ma~Õ, gwì`dpñWV Am{U gImoc Aer à{H«$`m Amho. ho[a¨J `m§À`m _Vo emñÌr` g§emoYZ hr EH$ g§M`r à{H«$`m Amho. {deofV: gm_m{OH$ emim§_Üò Vr EH$ ZH$mamË_H$ à{H«$`mgwÕm Amho. Ho$di kmZ g§nmXZ H$ê$ZM Zìho Va H$mc~mø J¥hrVo aÔ H$ê$ZgwÕm gO©Zj_Vm {dH${gV hmoD$ eH$Vo ZrVr (Meaning of Ethics) ZrVr hm eãX gm_m{OH$ g§X^m©_Üò dmnacm OmVmo. Xwgè`mer Mm§Jco ~mocUo, dmJUo, Mm§Jco g§~Y Ro>dUo, H$moUVrhr Jmoï> gX²gX²{ddoH$mÀ`m AmYmamda H$aUo, àËòH$ H$m`© gË` d àm_m{UH$nUo H$aUo, Hw$Umerhr {Z:njnUo dmJUo hm AW© ZrVr `m eãXmV Amho. ZrVr hr Am§V[aH$ ~m~ter {ZJ{S>V Amho. ZrVrMm g§~§Y ì`º$sÀ`m _yë`ì`dhmam§er Amho. åhUOo ZrVr hm EH$ àH$mao ì`dhma Amho, Va _yë` hm Ë`m ì`dhmamMm AmXe© Amho. gd©àH$maÀ`m _yë`m§Mm g_mdoe Amnë`m ì`dhmamV AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`m_wio H$m`m©Mm XOm© d à{Vð>m dmT>Vo. _yë` `m g§koZo ñd`§{gÕ Am{U Bï> Aem Üò`m§Mm Am{U AmXemªMm {ZX}e Ho$cm OmVmo. à{gÕ coIH$ {d.g.Im§So>H$a `m§Zr `m~m~V åhQ>co Amho H$s, _mZdr g_mOmcm CƒËdmcm ZoUmao {Z`_ åhUOo kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 32 ZrVr hmo`. g_mOmMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg gmYÊ`mgmR>r, g_mOmVrc H$m`©nyVugmR>r Oo _mZX§S>, {Z`_, VÎdo AgVmV Ë`m§Zm ZrVr Ago åhUVmV. EH$ `wJ hmoVo Ooìhm ^maV Z¡{VH$, Ym{_©H$ Am{U AmÜ`mpË_H$ _yë`m§gmR>r à{gÕ hmoVm. g§`_, àm_m{UH$nUm, Z_«Vm, CXmaVm, gË`, Aqhgm, AMm¡`©, X`m-j_m, em§Vr, l_à{Vð>m, ñZoh hr _mZdr` _yëò AmhoV. `m _yë`m§Mm A§V^m©d Z¡{VH$Vo_Üò hmoVmo, åhUOo hr _yëò Oa gVV Cn`moJmV AmUbr OmV AgVrc Va AmnmoAmnM J¡adV©Zmcm Amim ~gVmo. `mo½` àH$maMr ZrVrMr ^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoD$Z _mZdmV Z¡{VH$Vm {Z_m©U hmoVo. ì`m»`m : AZ}ñQ> hoq_½do `m§À`m _Vo Or H¥$Vr Ho$ë`mda ì`º$sZm Mm§Jco dmQ>Vo Vr Z¡{VH$ Am{U Or H¥$Vr Ho$ë`mda ì`º$s¨Zm dmB©Q> dmQ>Vo Vr AZ¡{VH$ H¥$Vr hmo`. (What is morals is what you feel good after and what is immorals is what you feel bad after) g§emoYZmMo Zr{VemñÌ (Research Ethics) Ethics åhÊmOoM Zr{VemñÌ Am{U _yë` {ejU ho _mZdr g_mOmV hOmamo dfmªnmgyZ MmcV Amcocr AmhoV. Zr{VemñÌm_Üò Mm§Jco qH$dm dmB©Q>, MyH$ qH$dm ~amo~a `m§À`mVrc {Z`_Z Ho$co OmVo. VgoM Mm§Jë`m Jmoï>r H$em àH$mao Agmì`mV ho Zr{VemñÌ gy{MV H$aVo. Zr{VemñÌ H$moUË`m Jmoï>r A§JrH$mamì`mV Am{U H$moUË`m ~m~r Q>mimì`mV `m§À`mer {ZJ{S>Ëm Amho. Zr{VemñÌ ho Cƒ OrdZ _yë`m§Mo _mJ©H«$_ gwM{dVo. AZoH$ VÎddoÎ`m§Zr Zr{VemñÌmV A{Ve` g_¥Õ Am{U Cƒ VÎdo {Xcocr AmhoV Zr{VemñÌm_Üò {gÕmÝV _w » `V: Xmo Z àH$mam§ V {d^m{OV Pmcoc o Amho . Vo Imcrcà_mUo- hoVwXe©H$ (Teleological) hm {gÕmÝV {OWo OmñVrV OmñV g§»`m~i Agoc Aem ~m~VrV Amncm {ZU©` XoV AgVmo. `m nÕVrZwgma OmñVrV OmñV Mm§Jë`m ~m~rMo n¥W¸$aU H$ê$Z {ZU©` KoVcm OmVmo. eŠ`Vmo OmñVrV OmñV ~m~r d n[a_mUo nS>Vmicr OmVmV Am{U Ë`mZwgma {ZU©` KoVco OmVmV. H$V©ì`Xe©H$ (Deontological) {ZU©` à{H«$`mda cj H|${ÐV H$ê$Z H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mda â {Xcm OmVmo. eŠ`Vmo kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 33 J{UVr nÕVrZwgma CXm. {Z`_mdcr, H$m`Xo `m§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z H¥$Vr Ho$cr OmVo d eodQ>r {ZU©` KoVcm OmVmo. {ZU©` ~hwYm doJdoJio {Z`_ d VÎdo `m§Zm AZwgê$Z KoVco OmVmV. _mJrc H$mhr dfmªnmgyZ AZoH$ VÎddoÎ`m§_Üò gXdV©Z/gX{dMma (Virtue Ethics) dê$Z AZoH$ dmX-àdmX AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m _Vo Mm§Jë`m Zr{VVÎdm§Mr Jwé{H$„r åhUOo {Z`_, VÎdo qH$dm O~m~XmanUm ZgyZ Vr Mm[aÍ`mda Adc§~yZ AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m _Vo OmñVrV OmñV cj ho àm_m{UH$nUm, gË`, ghH$m`©, Mm§JconU `m§gma»`m JwUm§Mm Mm[aÍ` g§dY©ZmV A§V^m©d H$gm hmoB©c `mH$So> nm{hOo. `mCcQ> Virtue Ethics hm _mJ©Xe©Z H$arV AgVmo. Or ì`º$s Mm§Jë`m JwUm§Zr qH$dm H$m`m©Zo àoarV Pmcocr AgVo {VcmMVirtue Ethics {Z`_mdcr qH$dm VÎdo nwa{dVmo. T>mo~i_mZmZo gm§Jm`Mo Pmco Va Ethics åhUOo {ZU©`j_Vm OmonmgÊ`mMr d Vr A§JrH$maÊ`mMr ~m~ Amho. d¡`{º$H$ qH$dm gm§{KH$nUo doJdoJir _mJ©Xe©H$ Mm¡H$Q> AmIÊ`mV òVo H$s Á`m`moJo EImXo H$m`© qH$dm Üò`nyVu Mm§Jë`m àH$mao gmÜ` H$aVm òB©c. Zr{VemñÌmÀ`m A§V^y©V VÎdm_wio Á`m {R>H$mUr g§emoYH$ d Cƒ{ejU g§ñWm kmZmÀ`m emIm qH$dm òmoV emoYV AgVmV d h`mMo g§dY©Z H$arV AgVmV Ë`m§Zm ZdrZ ÀmmcZm {_iV AgVmV. Zr{V_ËVoÀ`m VÎdm_wio ZdrZ kmZm§Mr {j{VOo, ZdrZ H$ënZm g_ñ`m§darc Cnm` d g§emoYZmMo gm_mÝ`rH$aU H$aUo, ZdrZ g§emoYZ nÕVr {dH${gV H$aUo qH$dm gmYZgm_J«rMm emoY KoUo gmono hmoVo. Ë`mÀ`mer {ZJ{S>V Ago VÏ`mË_H$ nwamdo O_m H$aUo `mda AmYmarV AgVo. g§emoYZ nÕVrV AIoaMm Q>ßnm åhUOo AZw_mZ H$mT>Uo. {Xcoë`m _m{hVrÀ`m AmYmao nwamì`m§Mr gË`Vm nS>Vmië`mZ§VaM AZw_mZ H$mT>Ê`mV òVo. `m AZw_mZmV EH$dmŠ`Vm AgVo H$moUË`mhr ì`º$sZo EH$mM àH$maÀ`m _m{hVrÀ`m AmYmao d nwamì`m§À`m AmYmao H$mT>coco AZw_mZ ho gmaIoM AgVmV. H$moUË`mhr g§emoYH$mMo nyd©M[aÌ ho Ë`mÀ`m g§emoYZmda à^md Q>mH$V AgVo. g§emoYH$m_Üò EH$mJ«Vm, {MH$mQ>r, àm_m{UH$nUm, Mm§JconUm, gmo{eH$Vm d g§`_ `m Jmoï>r AgUo Amdí`H$ R>aVo. CÎm_ g§emoYH$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r ñdV§Ì d¥Îmr d _ycVÎdo AgUo Amdí`H$ R>aVo. g§emoYH$m_Üò EImÚm VÎddoÎ`mà_mUo dñVw{Zï> Ñ{ï>H$moZ Agmdm. g§emoYZ Zr{VemñÌmMr n[a_mUo (Parameters of Ethical Research) g§emoYZ ho _ZmV H$mhrVar hoVy Ro>dyZ H$aÊ`mV òV AgVo d dñVwpñWVrda AmYm[aV Jmoï>tMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z àíZm§Mr CÎmao emoYÊ`mV òVmV qH$dm EImÚm g_ñòMo H$maU d Ë`mdarc Cnm` gwM{dÊ`mV òVmV. g§emoYZ ho _m{hVrMo ì`pŠVJV dJuH$aU H$ê$Z d Ë`mda J{UVr` d ^m¡{VH$ nÕVrZo g§ñH$aU H$ê$Z H$aÊ`mV òVo. Ë`m_wio g§emoYZ åhUOo ì`dpñWV, {Z`§{ÌV d EH$g§K d gw{dYm`wº$ AgVo. g§emoYZ ho emñÌr` nÕVrZwgma AgVo VgoM VmpÎdH$ Am{U Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~§rda AmYm[aV AgVo. g§emoYZmMo CÔoe Imcrcà_mUo AgVmV. 1. ZdrZ VÏò emoYyZ H$mT>Uo qH$dm OwZr VÏò nS>VmiUr H$aUo. 2. VÏò (facts) `m§À`m ghOg§~§Y R>a{dUo, H«$_ cmdUo d ñnï>rH$aU H$aUo. 3. ZdrZ emñÌr` gmYZo, VÎdo d {gÕmÝV _m§S>Uo H$s Oo _mZdr dV©UwH$sÀ`m Aä`mgmV {dœgZr` R>ê$ eH$Vrc. g§emoYZ ho emñÌr` nÕVrMo AZwH$aU H$aVo. {M{H$Ëgm, dñVw{Zð>Vm, VmpÎdH$ d ì`dpñWVnUo kmZmMr _m§S>Ur H$aUo d Á`m Jmoï>rMo g§emoYZ H$aÊ`mV òV Amho H$moUË`mhr g§emoYH$mMo Üò`dmŠ` åhUOo Greater good for greater number ho AgVo Am{U Amnco Üò` gmÜ` H$aÊ`mH$[aVm g§emoYH$ Á`m à{H«$òVyZ OmVmo, Vr à{H«$`m hr Üò`àmár BVH$sM _hÎdmMr AgVo. `m à{H«$òVyZ àËòH$ nmàrà_mUo {Z{VVÎdo A§V©^yV AgVmV. na§Vw Ago gm§JÊ`mV òVo H$s, g§emoYZ à{H«$`m hr V§VmoV§V {d{eï> {Z`_mdcrda AmYm[aV Ho$br OmD$ eH$V Zmhr. g§emoYZ H$arV AgVmZm Zr{VVÎdo hr J¥hrV YamdrM cmJVmV Va R>amdrH$ {Z`_mdcrà_mUo g§emoYZ Ho$co AgVm Vo g§emoYZ `mo½` àH$mao Ho$co OmVo. Zr{VVÎdo hr g§emoYZmV _mJ©Xe©ZmMo H$m`© H$aVmV. Laws, Harper & Marcus `m§ Z r Amnë`m Research for Development `m J«§WmV H$mhr Zr{VVÎdo gm{JVcr Amho. Vr Imcrcà_mUo · g§emoYH$mcm {df` {ZdS>VmZm Imcrc Jmoï>r§Mo _mJ©Xe©Z hmoVo. - dV©_mZ pñWVrcm Yê$Z d ZOrH$À`m H$mimda AmYm[aV {df` - Cƒ gm_m{OH$ _yë` - Á`m_wio {dH$mgmË_H$ n«{H«$òV, kmZgmYZoV Cn`moJ hmoD$ eH$Vmo. · g§emoYZ g_ñòMr AMyH$ _m§S>Ur H$aUo qH$dm {Xcoë`m _m{hVrÀ`m AmYmao n«íZ qH$dm g_ñ`m {ZpíMV H$aUo. · Á`m Jmoï>rMo qH$dm ~m~rMo g§emoYZ H$aÊ`mV òV Amho Vo AZwH$aUr` Zgmdo qH$dm Ë`mV gmaIonUm Zgmdm. · Á`m ì`º$sda g§emoYZmMm n«^md nSy> eH$Vmo Ë`m§ZmXoIrc {dœmgmV KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 34 kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 35 Ethics in Research - A Perspective (à_mU~Õ) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Á`m g§ñWoMr/ g§KQ>ZoMr _XV KoUma Agmc Ë`m~m~VÀ`m n«{H«$òMo nyU©nUo {Z`moOZ Agmdo. Aä`mgmV qH$dm CÔoenyVugmR>r nyU©nUo Cn`moJr R>aoc Agm Z_wZm {ZpíMV H$aUo. Á`m KQ>H$m§Mr g§emoYZmV _XV hmoUma Agoc Ë`m KQ>H$m§~m~V n«m_m{UH$ AgUo. Á`m KQ>H$m§da g§emoYZ H$amd`mMo Amho qH$dm g§emoYZmV Ë`m KQ>H$m§Mr _XV KoÊ`mV òV Amho Ë`m§Zm g§emoYZmMm {df` H$iUo _hÎdmMo Amho. g§emoYZ n«{H«$òV `mo½` Am{U AW©nyU© H$m`© H$aÊ`m~m~V {dœmg {Z_m©U H$amdm. g§emoYH$mZo g§emoYZ H$aVmZm Ë`m_Üò AmË_{dœmg d _ZmnmgyZ ag KoVcm nm{hOo VgoM g§eomYZmV JmonZr`Vm nmicr nm{hOo. n«{VdmXrMm OmñV doi KoD$ Zò, H$maU Ë`m§Zm BVahr H$m`© H$amd`mMr AgVmV. n«{VdmXrÀ`m _ZmoJVmMr `mo½` n«H$mao Zm|X Ro>dUo. Á`m g§emoYZ gmYZm§Mm / gm_J«rMm dmna H$aUma AmhmoV Ë`m§Mr d¡YVm VnmgyZ ¿`mdr. ImgH$ê$Z gm§p»`H$s {dícofUmÀ`m ~m~VrV hr d¡YVm VnmgyZ nmhmdr. Or _m{hVr O_m Ho$cr Amho Ë`mda n«{VdmXrMm A{YH$ma qH$dm _mcH$s {H$VnV Amho Vo VnmgUo. Á`m _wÚm§~m~V ^¸$_ nwamdo AmhoV Ë`m _wÚm§Mr _m§S>Ur H$mQo>H$moanUo H$amdr. n[aUm_m§Mm {dMma Z H$aVm Omo H$mhr {ZH$mc òB©c Vmo OgmMm Vgm gmXa H$aUo. Á`m g§ñWm/ ì`º$s EImÚm {df`mda g§emoYZ H$aV AgVrc qH$dm g§emoYZ n«{H«$òV AgVrc Ë`m§Zm ârdnUo nmqR>~m Úmdm. g§emoYZ nyU© Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`mMo H$m` AZw_mZ qH$dm n[aUm_ {ZKmco `m~m~V n«{gÕr H$aUo. Ë`m`moJo Á`m ì`º$s qH$dm g§ñWm Ë`mM n«H$maMo g§emoYZ H$arV AgVrc Va Ë`m§Mm doi d l_ dmMoc VgoM Ë`mM g§emoYZmMr nwZamd¥Îmr Q>ioc. Oa g§emoYZ cndyZ Ro>dco qH$dm OJmg_moa AmUco Zmhr Va Vo AZrVrcm Yê$Z hmoB©c. g§eomYZ n«{gÕr H$arV AgVmZm Or _m{hVr (data) O_m Ho$cocr Agoc Vr ImOJr ~m~ Amho Ë`mMm WoQ> n[aUm_ ì`º$s qH§$dm g§ñWoda hmoD$ eH$Vmo, åhUyZ _m{hVr n«{gÕr H$ê$ Zò. Á`m ì`º$sZr qH$dm g§ñWm§Zr g§eomYZ H$m`m©V ~m¡{ÕH$, Am{W©H$, qH$dm _mZ{gH$Ñï>çm _XV Ho$cr Agoc Ë`m§Mo Am^ma åhUyZ F$U{ZX}e_Üò Zmd Q>mH$mdo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 36 Joë`m 15 dfmªnmgyZ gm_m{OH$ dV©Z Am{U e¡j{UH$ emñÌmV _mZdmg§~YrÀ`m g§emoYZmV Z¡{VH$ n«_mÊ`VoMm {deof AmJ«h Yacm OmV Amho. CXm. `wZm`Qo>S> ñQo>Q>g²_Üò Amamo½` {d^mJ, e¡j{UH$ {d^mJ Am{U g_mOH$ë`mU {d^mJmV Oo g§emoYZmg§~YrMo {ZH$f gmXa H$arV ZmhrV Vmon`©V Ë`m§Zm AZwXmZ {Xco OmV Zmhr. J«§Wmc` g§emoYZmV J«§WnmcmZo dmMH$m§Zm H$gm \$m`Xm hmoB©c ho nm{hbo nm{hOo. VgoM Imcrc ~m~tMmXoIrc g§emoYZ Z¡{VH$VoMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. · J«§Wmc` {dH$mgmV Am{U _m{hVr emñÌmÀ`m {gÕmÝVmV â Q>mH$Uo. · {ddoH$s {dMma,{ZU©` j_Vm CXY¥V H$aUo. · J«§Wmc`mV g§a{MV ZmdrÝ`nyU© ~Xc. · gm_m{OH$, ì`mdgm{`H$ ~m§YrcH$s Am{U O~m~Xmar Omo g§emoYH$ g§emoYZ H$aVmo Ë`m§Zm g§emoYZmV {deof H$miOr KoUo, gmd©O{ZH$ Am{U d¡`{º$H$ Aä`mgmV H$moUVmhr nyd©J«hXy{fV Ñ{ï>H$moZ Z Ro>dUo `m Jmoï>r gm§^mië`m nm{hOoV. _m{hVr {_i{dVmZm _mZdr Z¡{VH$_yë` g_moa Ro>dyZ EH$ n«`wº$ `m ZmË`mZo _m{hVr XoUmè`mMm {dMma Agmdm. J«§WmcèmñÌmVrc AZoH$ Aä`mgy _mZdr dU©ZmÀ`m {ZarjUmda n«H$me Q>mH$VmV, åhUyZ g§emoYH$mZo g§emoYZ {df` H$miOrnyd©H$ {ZdS>mdm OoUoH$ê$Z Ë`mMr Cn`mo{JVm dmQo>c Ë`mgmR>r Non opposive g§emoYZ nÕVr dmnamdr. g§emoYZmg§~YrMr Z¡{VH$ _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo (Ethical Guidelines) {gS>Zr hyH$, g§nm{XV '{X B{WŠg Am°\$ Q>rqMJ A±S> gm`§Q>r{\$H$ argM©' `m J«§WmVrc _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo · JwUmË_H$ g§emoYZ hmoÊ`mgmR>r g§emoYZ H$m`m©Mm XOm© Cƒ Agmdm. · g§ emo YZ {ZîH$f© gwì`dpñWV n«m á hmoÊ `mgmR> r g§emoYH$, VÁk _§ S>i r, ì`mdgm{`H$ ~§Yy, BVa VÁk ì`ŠVrMo _mJ©Xe©Z ¿`mdo. · g§emoYZ Aä`mgmMo {Z`moOZ, n«Ë`j ôQ> Am{U Ahdmc gmXarH$aU `m doioV g§emoYH$mZo H$moUË`mhr g§emoYH$ ì`º$s~m~V MwH$sMo {ZdoXZ H$ê$ Zò. · g§emoYZ n«XÎm g§H${bV H$aVmZm H$moUË`mhr d¡`{º$H$ _m{hVrMr (g§emoYZm ì`{V[aº$) JwáVm ^§J hmoUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr. · Omon`§©V n«`wº$ _mZ{gH$Ñï>çm n«íZmdcr âÊ`mg V`ma hmoV Zmhr, Vmon`©V n«íZmdcr XoD$ Zò. CXm. VUmdmË_H$ qH$dm Agwa{jV dmQ>Uo. · g§emoYZmMo {ZpíMV C{Ôï>, gm_mÝ`{Z`_ Am{U VÎdo `m§Mo H$mQo>H$moa nmcZ ìhmdo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 37 · · · · · Ahdmc n«{H«$`m Am{U {ZîH$f© eŠ`Vmo OmñVrV OmñV gwì`dpñWV Agmdo. Á`m§À`m nyduÀ`m g§emoYZmMm Vwåhmcm \$m`Xm Pmcm Agoc Ë`m§Zm Ë`mMo lo` Úmdo. Á`m§À`mH$Sy>Z g§emoYZmgmR>r n«Ë`j dm An«Ë`jnUo Am{W©H$ gmhmæ` n«má Pmco Agob Ë`m§Mm C„oI H$amdm. g§emoYZmV Á`m§Mo gmhmæ` {_imco Ë`m§ZmXoIrc lo` Úmdo. ~m¡{ÕH$, n«m_m{UH$Vocm g§emoYZmV Cƒ ñWmZ Úmdo. g§emoYZmVrc Z¡{VH$VoMr g§{hVm Am{U YmoaUo ( Codes & Policies in Research Ethics) So>ìhrS> ~r aopg³H$ `m§Zr Ë`m§Mm What is ethics in research & Why is it important? `m coImV Imcrc g§{hVm d YmoaUo gm§{JVcr AmhoV. n«m_m{UH$nUm (Honesty) gd© n«H$maÀ`m _m{hVrMr XodmUKodmU n«m_m{UH$ n«`ËZmda AmYm[aV Agmdr. _m{hVr Ahdmc, n[aUm_, nÕVr, n«{H«$`m Am{U n«H$meZ `mV n«m_m{UH$Vm Agmdr. Amnë`m g§H${bV _m{hVrMm {dn`m©g, MwH$sMo gmXarH$aU H$ê$ ZH$m. Amnco ghH$mar _mJ©Xe©H$, narjH$ `m§Mr {Xem^yc H$ê$ Zò. dñVw{Zð>Vm (Objectivity) n«m`mo{JH$ ê$naofm, _m{hVrMo {dícofU, _m{hVrMo gmXarH$aU, H$_©Mm-`m{df`r {ZU©`, AmT>mdm, ñd`§{ZU©`, coIZ, nwamdo / gmj Am{U BVa ~è`mM ñVamda dñVw{Zð>Vm Amdí`H$. gMmoQ>r (Integrity) Amnco {dMma, dMZ d H¥$Vr `mV gwg§JVr Ro>dÊ`mMm AmQ>moH$mQ> n«`ËZ H$am. H$miOr / I~aXmar (Carefulness) {ZîH$miOrnUm Q>mim. Amnë`m H$m_mMo g_rjmË_H$ nÕVrZo narjU H$am Am{U H$m_mda nyU© cj H|${ÐV H$am. Amnco g§emoYZmer g§~§{YV gd© XñVEodO Ogo g§H${bV _m{hVr, g§emoYZmMr ê$naofm, nÌì`dhma, BË`mXr gd© OnyZ Ro>dm. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 38 _moH$ionUm (Openness/ Frankness) g§H${cV _m{hVr, n[aUm_, H$ënZm, gmYZo gd© Iwco Agy Úm. ~m¡{ÕH$ _mc_Îmo{df`r AmXa (Respect for Intellectual Property) H$moUË`mhr ì`{º$JV AWdm H§$nZrÀ`m _mcH$s h¸$mÀ`m ~m¡{ÕH$ gm{hË`mMm `mo½` AmXa Ro>dm. Vmo dmnamnydu nadmZJr ¿`m, Ë`m~Ôc g§~§{YVm§Zm Ë`mMo lo` Úm, Ë`mMm C„oI H$am. Hw$UmMo {cImU, _m{hVr Z H$iV KoD$ ZH$m. JmonZr`Vm (Confidentiality) g§emoYZ H$m_mgmR>r dmnacocr H$mJXnÌo, Ahdmc, ImOJr g§dmX, ì`{º$JV _m{hVr, ì`mnm[aH$, d¡ÚH$s` Aer H$moUVrhr ImOJr _m{hVr JmonZr` Ro>dm. n«H$meZm{df`r O~m~Xmar (Responsible Publication) Amnë`m g§emoYZ gm{hË`mMo n«H$meZ \$º$ ì`{º$JV \$m`ÚmgmR>r Zgmdo, Va g§emoYZ ho ~m¡pÕH$ ñVamda gdmªgmR>r _wXVnyd©H$ Agmdo. Ë`m n«H$meZmgmR>r AdmñVd IM© H$ê$ Zò. g„mJma d _XVZrg{df`r O~m~Xmar (Responsible Mentoring) {dÚmÏ`mªZm n«oaUm XoUmao CnXoemË_H$ g§emoYZ Agmdo. Vo {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r H$ë`mUH$mar d Ë`m§Zm {ZU©`j_ H$aUmao Agmdo. ghH$mè`m§{df`r AmXa (Respect for Colleagues) Amnë`m g§emoYZmcm _XV H$aUmè`m ghH$mè`m§{df`r AmXa Agmdm. gm_m{OH$ O~m~Xmar (Social Responsibility) g§emoYZmVyZ g_mOmVrc Mm§Jë`m Jmoï>tZm _mJ©Xe©Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r n«~moYZ H$aUo d dmB©Q> Jmoï>r Q>miUo. XwOm^md / gmnËZ^md ZH$mo (Non-Discrimination) Amnco ghH$mar d {dÚmWu `m§À`m{df`r Amnë`m _ZmV H$moUVmhr XwOm^md Agy Zò. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 39 H$m`©j_Vm (Competence) g§emoYZmÛmao Amncr ì`mdgm{`H$ H$m`©j_Vm d¥qÕJV H$am d OrdZmV Ë`mMm ñdV:gmR>r d BVam§gmR>r Cn`moJ H$am. H$m`XoeranUm (Legality) g§emoYZmìXmao emgH$s` YmoaUm~Ôc, g§ñWm~Ôc Am{U H$m`Úm~Ôc _m{hVr {_idm d Ë`mMo nmcZ H$am. n«mÊ`m§{df`r H$miOr (Animal Care) g§emoYZmV Oa n«mÊ`m§Mm dmna H$aV Agmc, Va Ago H$moUVohr g§emoYZ Ago H$ê$ ZH$m H$s Ë`m§Zm Anm` hmoB©c. (5) H$m`§Xo-nmQ>rc J§JmYa (2005) g§emoYZ nÕVr, Zm{eH$ : M¡VÝ` npãcHo$eÝg². (6) Kerlinger Fred W. (1973) "Foundation of Behavioral Research", Newyork : HOH, Rinchart &Winston. (7) Kumar P.S.G. (2004) "Research methods and Statistical techniques", Delhi : B.R Publishing House. (8) Laws S., Harper C, Marcus R. (2003) "Research for Development", New Delhi : Vistara Publication. (9) ZmJVmoSo> {H$aU H¥$ (2000) Z¡{VH$ _yë` {ejU, ZmJnya : {dÚm n«H$meZ. (10) Resnik David B, "What is ethics in Research? Why is it Important?" {ZîH$f© (Conclusion) AmO Amnë`mH$So> g§emoYZ ho _moR>çm n«_mUmda gwê$ Amho. `wOrgrZohr Cƒ {ejUmgmR>r g§emoYZmda â {Xcocm Amho. n«mÜ`mnH$m§gmR>r API cmJy Ho$cocm Amho. Ë`mgmR>r g§emoYZ {cImUmcm JwU {Xcoco Amho. Ë`m_wio g§emoYH$mZo Amncm g§emoY Z H$m`© H$aVmZm EH$mJ«Vm, {MH$mQ>r, n«m_m{UH$nUm, gmo{eH$Vm, g§`_, dñVw{Zð>Vm, I~aXmar, ~m¡{ÕH$ _mc_Îmo{df`r AmXa, _moH$ionUm, JmonZr`Vm, ghH$mè`m§{df`r AmXa, H$m`©j_Vm, gm_m{OH$ O~m~Xmar `m ~m~tMo ^mZ R>odyZ H$miOr KoVcr Va g§emoYZ CËH¥$ï> XOm©Mo hmoD$Z g_mOmcm Ë`mMm \$m`Xm hmoD$ eH$Vmo. g§X^© (References) (1) ~moYZH$a gwYra Am{U AcmoUr {ddoH$ (1993) gm_m{OH$ g§emoYZ nÕVr, ZmJnya : lr gmB©ZmW n«H$meZ. (2) Busha Charles H and Harter Stephen P (1980) "Research methods in Librarianship: techniques and interpretation", Newyork : Academic press. (3) Hook, Sydeny & others Ed.,"The Ethics of Teaching and Scientific Research." (4) Hudekar, S.G. and Shollapur (2005) "Research Ethics : A Need for Intropection", 'University news, 1-7 Aug. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 40 kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 41 B©-J«§Wmb` AmkmdbrMr Cn`wŠVVm MoVZ Q>mH$gmio, nr.S>r.gr. J«§Wmb` (åhmS>m), nwUo _§S>i àñVmdZm AmO V§ÌkmZmZo àËòH$ joÌmV _hÎdmMo ñWmZ àmá Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m_wio X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmVrb àËòH$ KS>m_moS>r V§ÌkmZmda Adb§~y bmJë`m AmhoV. (CXm. ^_«UÜdZr, B§Q>aZoQ>, dmhZo Aer ~arM gmYZo AmhoV.) Á`m{edm` _mUgmMo OrdZ {dñH$irV hmoD$ eH$Vo. V§ÌkmZ hr AmOÀ`m H$mimMr JaO Amho. V§ÌkmZmÀ`m ~m~VrV J«§Wmb` H$go _mJo amhÿ eH$Vo, H$maU àËòH$ joÌmV AmO _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmMo Cn`moOZ Ho$bo OmV Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo J«§Wmb` joÌmVgwÕm `m V§ÌkmZmMm dmna hmoD$ bmJbm Amho. ~è`mMdoim J«§Wmb`mg_moa Am{W©H$ òmoVm§Mo nmR>~i {_iV Zmhr. J«§Wmb` g§JUH$sH$aU J«§Wmb` hr AmO H$mimMr JaO Amho. àËòH$ joÌmV g§JUH$mMm dmna dmT>bm Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo J«§Wmb`mV g§JUH$mMm dmna hmoV Amho. nyduÀ`m H$mir J«§Wmb`mVrb gd© à{H«$`m hmVmZo Ho$ë`m OmV AgV. J«§Wmb`mVrb XodKod (Issue, Returning), VWm Vm{bH$sH$aU (Cataloguing), gmR>m nS>VmiUr (Stock verification) Aem _moR>çm à{H«$`m øm J«§Wnmbmg hmVmZo H$amì`m bmJV d ømgmR>r _moR>çm à_mUmV _Zwî`~i VgoM doi bmJV Ago. na§Vw AmO g§JUH$ V§ÌkmZmÀ`m _XVrZo J«§W XodKod, Vm{bH$sH$aU d gmR>m nS>VmiUr Ad¿`m EH$m {_{ZQ>mV hmoVo d øm_wio _Zwî`~i H$_r bmJVo VgoM doioMr ~MV hmoVo. Ë`m_wio J«§Wmb`mMm XOm© d dmna dmT>Vmo. ho gd© H$m_ gmono H$aUmar Amkmdbr B©-J«§Wmb` (J«§Wmb` ì`dñWmnZ Amkmdbr) `m{df`r AmnU g{dñVa MMm© H$aUmaM AmhmoV. B©-J«§Wmb` … AmoiI g§JUH$s` V§ÌkmZmÀ`m `wJmV J«§Wmb`mMo _hÎdhr _moR>çm à_mUmV dmT>V Amho. J«§Wmb` \$ŠV J«§Wm§MoM hr g§H$ënZm V§ÌkmZmZo _moS>rV H$mT>br Amho. ""J«§Wmb`m_Üò J«§Wmgmo~V _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmYm[aV dmMZgm{hË`mZo `wŠV Ago AmOMo J«§Wmb` Amho. dmMH$m§Zm EH$m N>VmImbr Ë`m§À`m AmdS>rMr VgoM Aä`mgmMr J«§W d Mmby KS>m_moS>r ( Current Awareness Service ) d¡ { eîQ> ç ny U © _m{hVr ( Selective Dissemination of Information) Aem J«§Wmb`mVrb _hÎdmÀ`m godm Ëd[aV VgoM {dZm_yë` CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xë`m OmVmV. J«§Wmb`m_Üò Agbobo _w{ÐV VgoM A_w{ÐV gm{hË`, Ë`mMr J«§WH$nmQ>mdarb aMZm, Zm|XUr, dJuH$aU, Vm{bH$sH$aU Aem {d{dY ~m~tgmR>r _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmMr _XV KoVë`mg H$_rV H$_r doioV A{YH$m{YH$ godm XoVm òD$Z JwUdÎmm gmYVm òVo. Ë`mgmR>r J«§WnmbZ joÌm_Ü` Cn`moJr nS>Vrb Aem H$mhr g§JUH$àUmbr ~mOmamV CnbãY AmhoV. Ë`mM~amo~a H$mhr g§JUH$àUmbr øm _mo\$V ñdénmV CnbãY AmhoV. `m_wio J«§Wnmb H$_r doioV OmñVrV OmñV dmMH$m§Zm J«§Wmb`mÀ`m gmoB© gw{dYm§~Ôb VgoM godm§~Ôb _m{hVr XoD$Z dmMH$m§À`m JaOm ^mJdy eH$Vmo. B©-J«§Wmb` hr Akmdbr amï´>r` gyMZm H|$Ð `m ^maV gaH$maÀ`m A{YH¥$V g§ñWoÛmao EH$ àH$ën åhUyZ H$mhr VÁk ì`ŠVtÛmao H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ`mVrb ~§Jmoba òWrb emIoV J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVr emñÌ {d^mJm_Üò 2003 gmbr n{hbr Amd¥Îmr V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`mZ§Va {VÀ`m VrZ Amd¥Î`m à{gÕ Pmë`m. hr Akmdbr gyMZm {dkmZ H|$ÐmZo _mo\$V R>odbr Amho, H$maU ømMm Cn`moJ àËòH$ bhmZmVrb bhmZ J«§Wmb`mbm H$aVm òB©b. àËòH$ J«§Wmb`mH$S>o _w~bH$ n¡gm CnbãY ZgVmo. Aem doiog `m AkmdbrMm Cn`moJ J«§Wnmb H$ê$ eH$Vmo. B©-J«§Wmb`mV àËòH$ gw{dYm {Xë`m Joë`m AmhoV, Á`m EH$m n[anyU© J«§Wmb`mg Cn`wŠV nS>VmV. Ë`m_wio `mMm dmna embo`, _hm{dÚmb`, emgH$s` H$m`m©bò, e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm H$ê$ eH$VmV. `m_Üò J«§Wmb`mMo g§nyU© ì`dñWmnZ, VgoM ñWm{ZH$ ^mfm `m§Mm g_mdoe Agë`m_wio hr AË`§V Cn`wŠV Akmdbr Amho. J«§Wmb` g§JUH$sH¥$V Agmdo `mgmR>r àËòH$ J«§Wnmb YS>nS> H$arV AgVmo. H$mhr doiog Ë`mMr g§ñWm Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm nmR>~i XoD$ eH$V Zmhr. H$mhr doiog J«§Wnmbmg V§ÌkmZmMo hdo Vgo kmZ ZgVo. Ë`m_wio Vmo _mJo nS>Vmo. na§Vw B©-J«§Wmb` `m Akmdbr_wio J«§Wnmbmg Am{W©H$ AS>MU VgoM Vm§{ÌH$ AS>MU òV ZmhrV. H$maU B©-J«§Wmb` ho gyMZm {dkmZ H|$ÐmÀ`m g§Ho$VñWimda _mo\$V CnbãY Amho. B©-J«§Wmb` dmnaUo hohr AË`§V gmono d H$moUVohr à{ejU Z KoVm dmnaVm òUmao Agë`m_wio J«§Wnmb J«§Wmb`mV ñdV:Mo EH$ ñWmZ {Z_m©U H$ê$ eH$Vmo. `m gdmª_wio g§ñWoMm n¡gm, kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 42 kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 43 J«§Wmb`mMo _hÎd _Zwî`~i VgoM doi dmMVmo. J«§Wmb` ì`dñWmnZ àUmbr 1. 2. 3. 4. ImOJr Akmdbr _wŠVÛma Akmdbr _mo\$V Akmdbr brãgrg 1. H$mohm 1. B©-J«§Wmb` ñbr_ 2. Ý`y OZ {b~ br~gwQ> gmob VrZ àH$maMr Akmdbr J«§Wmb` ì`dñWmnZogmR>r CnbãY Amho. (1) ImOJr Akmdbr (Commercial Software) hr Akmdbr EH$m {d{eï> H§$nZrZo ì`dgm`mgmR>r V`ma Ho$bobr Akmdbr AgVo. hr Akmdbr KoVmZm AmnUmg H§$nZrbm g§nH©$ gmYyZ _J Ë`m§À`m ì`ŠVtH$Sy>Z Ë`mMo à{ejU KoD$Z Amnë`m J«§Wmb`mV ¿`mdo bmJVo. d ømMr qH$_V gmYmaUV: bmIm§_Üò AgVo. Ë`m_wio àËòH$ embo` VgoM _hm{dÚmbrZ J«§Wmb`m§_Üò AmnUmg Aer Akmdbr {XgV Zmhr. Aer Akmdbr OmñV H$ê$Z _moR> _moR>çm ImOJr g§ñWm, {dÚmnrR>o Aem {R>H$mUr dmnabr OmVo. (2) _wŠVÛma Akmdbr (Open Source Software) hr Akmdbr B§Q>aZoQ>da _mo\$V ñdê$nmV R>odbr OmVo. OoUoH$ê$Z H$moUrhr hr Akmdbr H$Yrhr H$moRy>Zhr B§Q>aZoQ>À`m gmømZo Amnë`m g§JUH$mda KoD$ eH$Vmo, {VMm dmna H$ê$ eH$Vmo. GNU-GPL - License À`m ghmæ`mZo {VÀ`m_Üò hdo Vgo ~Xb H$ê$ eH$Vmo. {VMo à{ejU, H$m`©emim VgoM dmQ>n H$ê$ eH$Vmo. na§Vw ho gd© H$aÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wnmb g§JUH$ emñÌmMm nXdrYa AWdm Ë`mbm àmdrÊ` Agbo nm{hOo. (3) _mo\$V Akmdbr (Free Ware Software) _mo\$V Akmdbr hr EH$m {d{eï> g§ñWoÛmao Zm Z\$m Zm VmoQ>m `m ñdê$nmda V`ma Ho$br OmVo. Ë`mda g§ñWoMo ~§YZ AgVo. Ë`m_Üò H$moUrhr ~Xb AWdm dmQ>n H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. hr AkmdbrgwÕm B§Q>aZoQ>da g§ñWoÀ`m g§Ho$VñWimda _mo\$V R>odÊ`mV òVo. OoUo H$ê$Z H$moUrhr {VMm dmna H$ê$ eHo$b. na§Vw `m AkmdbrMo à{ejU kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 44 AmnUmg Ë`mM g§ñWoH$Sy>Z ¿`mdo bmJVo. `m gd© dU©Zm§dê$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, ImOJr Amkmdbr KoÊ`mgmR>r e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm, emim, _hm{dÚmb` hr Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm gj_ Agbr nm{hOoV. OoUoH$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm dm{f©H$ XoI^mb IM© gmogVm òB©b. Oa _wŠVÛma Akmdbr KoVbr, Va Ë`m_Üò Vm§{ÌH$ÑîQ>çm J«§Wnmb gj_ Agbm nm{hOo na§Vw J«§Wnmb g§JUH$ emñÌ joÌmVyZ òV Zgë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm _wŠVÛma Akmdbr_Üò H$m_ H$aUo AdKS> OmVo. Ë`m_wio J«§Wnmb Ë`mH$S>o nU diV Zmhr. Ë`m_wio eodQ>Mm n`m©` Oa J«§WnmbmZo {ZdS>bm Va Vmo Zm Am{W©H$ Zm Vm§{ÌH$ÑîQ>çm _mJo nS>Vmo. _mo\$V Akmdbr hr _mo\$V ñdê$nmV AgyZ Vr g_OÊ`mg gmonr d ñWm{ZH$ ^mfo_Üò CnbãY AgVo. Ë`m_wio J«§Wnmb {hMrM {ZdS> H$aVmo. Ë`m_wio J«§Wmb`mÀ`m OJmV B©-J«§Wmb` `m AkmdbrMo _hÎd dmT>V Mmbbo Amho. AmVm AmnU B©-J«§Wmb`mVrb _moS>çyëg (Modules) ~m~V MMm© H$aUma AmhmoV. Administration gdmªV _hÎdmMo Am{U gwédmVrMo _moS>çyëg Amho `m_Üò AkmdbrMo ì`dñWmnZ Ho$bo OmVo. `m_Üò Ogo H$s, J«§Wmb`mVrb nmÌì`dhmamMo Z_wZo, J«§W {dH«o$Vo, J«§Wmb` g{_Vr, J«§Wmb` S>oQ>m ~°H$An Aem H$mhr _hÎdmÀ`m Am{U EH$mM doir âmì`m bmJUmè`m _m{hVrMm `m {R>H$mUr g§M` H$ê$Z R>odbm OmVmo. OoUo H$ê$Z Á`m doiog AmnU g§~§{YV _m{hVrg§~§Yr H¥$Vr H$ê$ Ë`m doiog Vr _m{hVr AmnUmg Ëd[aV Ë`mË`m {R>H$mUr âVm `mdr. Book Acquisition `m _moS>çyëg_Üò J«§W IaoXrgmR>r H$aÊ`mV òUmar Or nma§n[aH$ à{H«$`m Amho Ë`mg§~§Yr _m{hVr AgVo. Ooìhm J«§Wmb`mV J«§WmMr _mJUr hmoVo, Voìhm J«§Wnmb Ë`m _mJUrVrb J«§WmgmR>r EH$ _mJUr nÌ V`ma H$ê$Z d[aîR>m§H$Sy>Z nadmZJr KoVmo. d[að>m§Zr Ë`m _mJUrgmR>r nadmZJr {Xë`mZ§Va J«§Wnmb Ë`mMr _mJUr J«§W-{dH«o$Ë`mH$S>o H$aVmo. Ë`mZ§Va J«§W{dH«o$Ë`mH$Sy>Z J«§W àmá Pmë`mZ§Va J«§Wnmb Ë`mMr Zm|X XmIbZm|X dhr_Üò H$aVmo. Ë`mMo {~b V`ma H$ê$Z J«§W{dH«o$Ë`mbm XoVmo. hr gd© à{H«$`m AmYr J«§Wnmb hmVmZo H$aV AgV, nU AmVm B©-J«§Wmb`mÀ`m `m _moS>çyëg_wio ho H$m_ g§JUH$sH¥$V Pmbo d ømgmR>r AdKr 10 {_{ZQ>o bmJVmV. Catalouging `m _moS>çyëg_Üò J«§W IaoXr Ho$ë`mZ§Va H$moUVrhr IaoXr nÕV Z dmnaVm J«§Wm§Mr Zm|X gai[aË`m Ho$br OmVo. Ë`mZ§Va øm_YyZ ~maH$moqS>J (Barcoding) Ho$br OmVo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 45 gmR>m nS>VmiUr (Stock Verification) `mgmaIr doiImD$ d OmñV _Zwî`~imMr H$m_o øm Akmdbr_wio Ad¿`m H$mhr {_{ZQ>m§_Üò hmoD$ bmJbr AmhoV. J«§Wmb`mVrb H$mhr hadbobo J«§W, J«§Wmb`mVyZ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$bobr, VgoM ~m`qS>J Ho$boë`m J«§Wm§Mr `mXr AmnUmg òWo {_iy eH$Vo. Circulation `m _moS>çyëg_Üò J«§Wmb`mVrb g^mgXm§Mr dJ©dmar VgoM Zm|X Ho$br OmVo. àËòH$ dmMH$m§Zm Ë`m§Mo ~maH$moS>ghrV AmoiInÌ AkmdmbrÛmao {Z{_©V Ho$bo OmVmV. Á`m doiog dmMH$ J«§Wmb`mV òVmo Ë`m doiog Vmo Vo AmoiInÌ J«§Wnmbmg XoVmo. J«§Wnmb Ë`mg ~maH$moS> _erZ (Barcode Scanner) Ûmao nS>VmiUr H$ê$Z ZdrZ J«§W Ë`mg XoVmo AWdm KoVmo. d hr gd© _m{hVr Akmdbr bJoM g_moa XmIdVo. Ë`mZ§Va JoQ> nmg V`ma hmoVmo d dmMH$mbm J«§W {Xbm OmVmo. Serials `m _moS>çyëg_Üò dm{f©H$ _m{gHo$ IaoXr g§X^m©V Or à{H«$`m Ho$br OmVo Vr øm AkmdbrÛmao H$amdr bmJVo. Ë`m_wio dfm©Zwdfm©Mr _m{hVr `mV H$m`_ amhVo. _mJÀ`m dfu H$moUVo _m{gH$ KoVbo, `m dfu H$moUVo hdo Amho, Ago AmnUmg Ëd[aV ~KVm òVo. AÝ`Wm _mJrb dfm©Mr ZñVr emoYmdr bmJVo. VrnU OrU© Pmbobr AgVo. Ë`m_wio B©-J«§Wmb` hr Akmdbr_Yrb ho _moS>çyb AË`§V JaOoMo Am{U Cn`wŠV Ago Amho. Micro Documents J«§Wmb`mV d¥ÎmnÌ H$mÌU H$aUo ho J«§WnmbmMo EH$ _hÎdmMo H$m_ AgVo. Vr H$mÌUo H$mTy>Z H$moè`m H$mJXmda {MH$Q>dyZ Vr OnyZ R>odUo `m gd© à{H«$ò_Üò ânya doi dm`m OmVmo. Ë`m_wio `m AkmdbrV d¥ÎmnÌ H$mnyZ Vo ñH°$Z (Scan) H$ê$Z Ë`mMm g§M` V`ma H$aVm òVmo. Ë`mZ§Va H$m`©emioMm AmT>mdm (Workshop Reportarticle) Ago H$mhr _hÎdmMo H$mJXnÌ òWo gmR>dbr OmVmV d JaOoZwgma Ë`m§Mm g§X^m©gmR>r Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. Budget àËòH$ J«§Wmb`mgmR>r EH$ dm{f©H$ A§XmOnÌH$ V`ma Ho$bo OmVo. Ë`m_Üò òË`m dfm©gmR>r J«§Wmb`mg EH$ {d{eï> a¸$_ {Xbr OmVo. Ë`mMm {heo~ dfm©À`m eodQ>r Úmdm bmJVmo. Ë`m doiog J«§Wnmb ZñVr emoYV amhVmo ho H$Yr IaoXr Ho$bo, Vo H$go O_m Pmbo, Ago AZoH$ àíZ Ë`mbm nS>VmV. na§Vw `m _moS>çyëg_Üò AmnU dm{f©H$ IMm©Mr gd© _m{hVr doimodoir Oa âV am{hbmo, Va dfm©À`m eodQ>r Amnë`m dm{f©H$ IMm©Mm kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 46 Vnerb (statement) àmá H$ê$Z KoVm òVmo. Search `m _moS>çyëg_wio J«§Wmb`mV CnbãY Agbobr gd© J«§W, _m{gHo$, d¥ÎmnÌo, H$mÌUo `m§Mm emoY Vwåhr J«§Wmb`mV Z OmVm KoD$ eH$Vm. `m_wio dmMH$m§Mm doi VgoM J«§WnmbmMm doi dmMVmo. Akmdbr Zgboë`m J«§Wmb`mV J«§Wnmbmg nma§n[aH$ ñdénmVrb Vm{bH$m ~KyZ dmMZgm{hË` CnbãYr~m~V _m{hVr hmoVo. na§Vw B©-J«§Wmb` AkmdbrVrb `m _moS>çyëg_wio dmMH$ ñdV: J«§W, H$nmQ> Z§~a d OmJm g§JUH$mda emoYyZ J«§W H$mTy>Z J«§WnmbmH$S>o AmUyZ XoVmV. Ë`m_wio dmMH$mbm J«§Wmb`mMr AmdS> {Z_m©U hmoVo. B©-J«§Wmb`mÀ`m H$mhr _hÎdmÀ`m godm (Special Features) (1) ~maH$moqS>J (Barcoding) ~maH$moqS>J V§ÌkmZmMm dmna J«§Wmb`mVrb àËòH$ J«§Wmda Ho$bm OmVmo. VgoM dmMH$m§À`m AmoiInÌm§da `mMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. OoUo H$ê$Z Á`m doiog dmMH$ J«§Wmb`mV òVmo, Ë`m doiog J«§Wnmb ~maH$moS> _erZZo H$mS>© ñH°$Z H$aVmM dmMH$mMr gd© _m{hVr g§JUH$mda òVo. Ë`mZ§Va dmMH$mZo J«§W ng§V H$ê$Z J«§Wnmbmg {Xë`mg J«§Wnmb Ë`mg ñH°$Z H$aVmo d dmMH$mbm J«§W VmËH$mi {_iVmo. B©-J«§Wmb` `m àUmbrV ~maH$moS> {Z{_©VrMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. (2) Am` H$mS²>g© (I-Cards) àËòH$ J«§Wmb`mV dmMH$m§Zm AmoiInÌ ho {XboM OmVo. na§Vw àËòH$ J«§Wmb`mV H$mS>©g² gXñ` Zm|XUr Pmë`mZ§Va 2 Vo 3 {Xdgm§Zr {Xbo OmVo. H$maU Vo qàqQ>JgmR>r J«§Wmb` ~mhoa {Xbo OmVo. na§Vw B©-J«§Wmb` Akmdbr_wio gXñ` Zm|XUr Pmë`m~amo~a 5 goH§$XmV H$mS>© V`ma hmoVmV d Vo Ëd[aV dmMH$m§Zm {Xbo OmVmV. Ë`m_wio dmMH$mMm doi dmMyZ J«§Wmb`mMm qàqQ>JMm IM© dmMVmo. (3) gmR>m nS>VmiUr (Stock Verification) gmR>m nS>VmiUr ho AË`§V _moR>o VgoM {H$MH$Q> H$m_ Amho. `mgmR>r _moR>çm à_mUmV _Zwî`~i bmJVo. Ë`m_wio J«§Wnmb H$mhr doiog ho H$m_ H$aÊ`mMo Q>miVmo. na§Vw B©-J«§Wmb` AkmdbrÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo ho _moR>o H$m_ H$mhr {_{ZQ>m§_ÜòM Ho$bo OmVo. `m_wio g§ñWoMm doi VgoM n¡gm XmoÝhr dmMÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 47 (4) XmIb Zm|Xdhr (Accession Register) àËòH$ J«§Wmb`mV ZdrZ J«§Wm§Mr Zm|X XmIb Zm§oXdhr_Üò H$amdrM bmJVo. na§Vw H$mhr doiog J«§Wmb`mV J«§W _moR>çm g§»òV òVmV, Ë`m doiog J«§Wnmbmg Ë`m H$m_mgmR>r H$mhr {eH$mD$ {dÚmWu Zo_yZ ho H$m_ H$ê$Z ¿`mdo bmJVo. na§Vw B©-J«§Wmb`mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo J«§Wmb`mV XmIb hmoUmè`m àËòH$ J«§Wm§Mr Zm|X gai B©-J«§Wmb` AkmdbrV Ho$br OmVo. Ë`mZ§Va B©-J«§Wmb` H$m`©àUmbrVyZ XmIbZm|X dhr V`ma hmoVo d Amnbo {b{hÊ`mMo H$m_ dmMVo. B©-J«§Wmb`mMo \$m`Xo (1) ^maV gaH$maMr EH$_od Aer _mo\$V Akmdbr. (2) hmVmiÊ`mg A{Ve` gmonr, H$moUVohr à{ejU Z KoVm ñd-Aä`mgmZo {eH$Vm òÊ`mOmoJr Akmdbr. (3) `m_Üò J«§Wm§Mr Zm|X 24 àmXo{eH$ ^mfm§_Üò H$aVm òVo. CXmhaUmW©, _amR>r, qhXr, Vm{_i. (4) emim, _hm{dÚmbò, emgH$s` VgoM e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm `m§Zm Cn`wŠV. gmam§e (Conclusion) J«§Wmb` \$ŠV J«§WmMo Amb` am{hbo ZgyZ qH$dm J«§Wnmb \$ŠV J«§WmMo nmbH$ Z amhVm Vmo V§ÌkmZmgmo~V dmQ>Mmb H$aVmo. AmO J«§Wnmb Information Scientist, Information Officer, Cataloguer, Classifier, Library Consultant. Aem nXm§da H$m`©aV Amho. ho gd© eŠ` Pmbo Vo V§ÌkmZm_wio. na§Vw Ë`mM~amo~a embo`, _hm{dÚmb`rZ, emgH$s` H$m`m©bò òWrb J«§Wnmb Am{W©H$ d Vm§{ÌH$ n[apñWVr_wio _mJo amhVmo`. `m gd© n[apñWVrda EH$ gj_ n`m©` AmnUmg amï´>r` gyMZm H|$ÐmZo (NIC) {Xbm Amho, Vmo åhUOo B©-J«§Wmb`. Á`m g§ñWm§H$S>o g§JUH$àUmbr IaoXrgmR>r Am{W©H$ CnbãYr hmoV Zmhr. Ë`m§À`mgmR>r B©-J«§Wmb` àUmbr hm Cn`wº$ n`m©` Amho. àËòH$ {Oëøm_Üò amï´>r` gyMZm H|$ÐmMr (NIC) emIm Agë`m_wio H$moUË`mhr AS>MUr Agë`mg AmnUmg Ëd[aV CÎma {_iVo. gÜ`m åhmS>mÀ`m nwUo _§S>imVrb nr.S>r.gr. J«§Wmb`mV `mMm èñdr dmna hmoV Amho. J«§Wmb`mMo gd© H$m_H$mO g§JUH$mÛmao H$aUo eŠ` Pmbo Amho. Ë`m_wio dmMH$ d J«§Wmb` `m§À`mVrb g§~§Y gwYmê$Z J«§Wmb` H$m_mMr H$m`©VËnaVm dmT>br Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr … {S>g|~a 2012 - _o 2013 … 48 J«§Wn[aM` … à~§Y boIZmMr nÕVr lr. {dO` XodYa J«§WZm_ bo{IH$m àH$meH$ n«H$meZ df© qH$_V … … … … … à~§Y boImMr nÕVr S>m°. eHw§$Vbm jragmJa `w{Zìhg©b àH$meZ, nwUo 2012 é. 120/- ISBN 978-81-87552-33-8 S>m°. eHw§$Vbm jragmJa `m§Mo ZwH$VoM à{gÕ Pmbobo "à~§YboIZmMr nÕVr' ho gd© {dÚmemIoVrb nrEM.S>r Am{U E_.{\$b À`m {dÚmÏ`mªZm CnbãY Pmbobo EH$ CËH¥$îQ> nWXe©H$ nwñVH$ åhUVm òB©b. bo{IH$m `m ñdV: nrEM.S>r. AmhoV Am{U Ë`m§Zr nwUo {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m O`H$a J«§Wmb`mV VrZ XeH$m§hÿZ OmñV H$mi godm Ho$br Amho. 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