LIB 013
J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ … KQ>Zm, KS>m_moS>r, ^mî`
kmZJ§JmoÌr
df© 16 do
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 - Zmoìh|~a 2015
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ISSN 2231-6507
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2015
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AmUUo hohr H$g~ Amho, H$m¡eë`mMo H$m_ Amho. {ejH$ Am{U J«W§ nmb `m§À`m _XVrZo
AmnUmg Amnë`m AÜ``ZmgmR>r Cn`wº$ _m{hVrMr {ZdS> H$aUo eŠ` hmoVo.
àñVwV A§H$m_Ü`o J«W§ mb` H$Ýgm°{e©`m, J«W§ mon`moJ åhUOo Zo_Ho$ H$m`, J«W§ mb`rZ
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mohan_kherde2@rediffmail.com
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`wJmV J«§Wmc`mMo _hÎd H$_r Pmë`m{edm` amhUma Zmhr.
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A{Ve`moŠVr hmoUma Zmhr.
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dmMZgm{hË`mMr CncãYVm hr AË`§V Aën Amho. Ë`m_wio Am°ZcmB©Z B©-[agmoAg}g
nmgyZ `m ñVamdarc {dÚmWu, {ejH$, g§emoYH$ d BVa J«§Wmc` Cn^moŠVo d§{MV
amhVmZm {XgVmV. {dnwc n«_mUmV gw{dYmM Zgë`m_wiohr ZdrZ ñdê$nmVrc
dmMZgm{hË` Amnë`m Aä`mgmH$[aVm Cn`moJmV AmUÊ`mMr gd`M Ë`m§Zm amhV
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{H$_Vr hr H$maUo `m n[apñWVrg H$maUr^yV R>aVmV. _hm{dÚmc`rZ {dÚmWu d
{ejH$ `m§Zm Amdí`H$ Agcoë`m BboŠQ´>m{° ZŠg ñdê$nmVrc g§emoYZmË_H$ dmMZgm{hË`
Ë`m _hm{dÚmc`mÀ`m J«§Wmc`mV CncãY Zmhr qH$~hwZm `m ñdê$nmVrc
dmMZgm{hË`mÀ`m {H$_Vr n«M§S> Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Mr Xadfu dJ©Ur ^aUo `m
_hm{dÚmc`m§Zm nadS>Umao Zgë`m_wio _hm{dÚmc`rZ J«W§ mc`o Vr Amnë`m {dÚmWu,
{ejH$, d BVa dmMH$m§Zm CncãY H$ê$Z XoD$ eH$V ZmhrV.
_hmamï´> {dÚmnrRo> H$m`Xm 1994 _Ü`o H$c_ 19 (4) A§VJ©V {dÚmnrR>
J«§Wnmcm§À`m Imcrc O~m~Xmè`m {Xcoë`m AmhoV.
The Librarian shall be responsible for the development,
modernisation, upkeep and management of the university Library
or libraries and shall be responsible for maintaining the standards of
teaching, research and professional skills in library science, in the
university department of library science, if any, and offer his help
and advice in this respect to the librarians or libraries of affiliated
college or recognized institutions.
`mZwgma {dÚmnrR> J«W§ mc`mgmo~VM Ë`m {dÚmnrR>mg g§c{¾V _hm{dÚmc`mÀ`m
J«§Wmc`m§Mm {dH$mg gmÜ` H$aÊ`mH$[aVmXoIrc {dÚmnrR> J«§Wnmcm§Zr Amnco `moJXmZ
XoUo Ano{jV Amho. hr ~m~ cjmV KoD$Z g§V JmS>J~o m~m A_amdVr {dÚmnrR> J«W§ mc`mZo
_hm{dÚmc`m§Zm nadSo>c Aem Aën {H$_VrV Ë`m§À`m J«W§ mc`m§H$[aVm d Ë`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
_hm{dÚmc`rZ {dÚmWu, {ejH$, d BVa dmMH$m§H$[aVm BboŠQ´>m°{ZŠg ñdê$nmVrc
dmMZ gm{hË`mMo chmZ n°H$o Oog² V`ma H$ê$Z _hm{dÚmc`m§H$[aVm H$Ýgm°{e©`m {dH${gV
Ho$cocm Amho d Vmo _hm{dÚmc`rZ {dÚmWu, {ejH$, d BVa dmMH$m§Z§ m CncãY H$éZ
XoÊ`mMm n«`ËZ Ho$cocm Amho. gXa "g§V JmS>Jo~m~m A_amdVr `w{Zìh{g©Q>r cm`~«ar
H$Ýgm°{e©`m \$m°a `wOr A°ÝS> nrOr H$m°coOog²' `m H$Ýgm°{e©`mMm Chmnmoh `m coImÀ`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ H$aÊ`mV Amcocm Amho. VËnydu g§V JmS>Jo~m~m A_amdVr {dÚmnrR>
J«§Wmc`mMm WmoS>Š`mV n[aM` H$ê$Z XoUo JaOoMo dmQ>Vo.
g§V JmS>J~o m~m A_amdVr {dÚmnrR> J«W
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g§V JmS>Jo~m~m A_amdVr {dÚmnrR> (nyduMo A_amdVr {dÚmnrR>) _hmamîQ´>
{XZ VWm H$m_Jma {XZr åhUOo 1 _o 1983 amoOr ñWmnZ Pmco d Ë`mM gmo~V
{dÚmnrR>mMo J«W§ mc` ApñVËdmV Amco. {dÚmnrR> n[agamVrc _Ü`dVu ^mJmV 8094
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Mm¡.{_. n[ajoÌmV VrZ _Ocr n«eñV B_maVrV J«W§ mc` ñWm{nV AgyZ Ë`m_Ü`o {dkmZ,
J¥h{dkmZ, J«§Wmc` emñÌ, {ejU, emar[aH$ {ejU, {dYr VgoM _amR>r, {hÝXrgh
AZoH$ {df`m§darc dmMZ gm{hË` {dnwc n«_mUmV CncãY Amho. `m ì`{V[aŠV,
UGC-Infonet A§VJ©V 17 So>Q>m~ogg
o gh ABI/Inform Complete, Proquest
Science Journal, LISA, IEEE, ACM Digital Library, Science online,
Indstat BË`mXr So>Q>m~ogogÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ BboŠQ´>m°{ZŠg [agmoAg}g CncãY AmhoV.
nma§n[aH$ J«§Wmc`rZ godogmo~VM Remote Access, Federated search, nmoQ©>c,
H$Ýgmo{e©`m, do~ Amon°H$, {S>{OQ>c cm`~«ar, E-resorce Access Centre,
BpÝñQ>Q>çweZc [anmo{PQ>ar, BË`mXr _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmda AmYm[aV godm d gw{dYm
J«§Wmc`mÛmao dmMH$m§Zm nwa{dë`m OmVmV.
{dÚmnrR> J«W§ mc`mZo ñdV…Mo ñdV§Ì g§H$o V ñWi/nmoQ>© c {dH${gV Ho$coco AgyZ
Ë`m _mÜ`_mVyZ J«§Wmc` OJ^amVrc dmMH$m§n`ªV nmohM{dÊ`mMm n«`ËZ J«§Wmc`
n«emgZmÛmao H$aÊ`mV Amcocm Amho. `m nmoQ©>cÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {dÚmnrR> J«§Wmc`mMm
AmOn`ªV A_o[aH$m, MrZ, OnmZ, \«$mÝg, a{e`m, BË`mXr OJ^amVrc 40 nojm
A{YH$ Xoem§Vrc AH$am cmImhÿZ A{YH$ dmMH$m§Zr bm^ KoVcm Amho d AOyZhr KoV
AmhoV. n«má gm§p»`H$s` _m{hVrZwgma _mJrc nmM dfm©Vª gXa nmoQ>© ccm 33640000+
{hQ>g² n«má AgyZ 5778000+ n¥îRo> ømdê$Z S>mD$ZcmoS> H$aÊ`mV Amcoco AmhoV.
H$Ýgm°{e©`m
H$Ýgm°{e©`mMm Zo_H$m AW© g_OyZ KoVmZm Ago åhUVm `oB©c H$s, {d{eîQ>
C{ÔîQ>çnyVuH$[aVm EH${ÌV Amcoco Ago JQ> H$s Á`m_Ü`o ghH$ma d g§gmYZm§Mr
XodmUKodmU hmoUo JaOoMo AgVo. (A group of organizations who come
together to fulfill a combined objective that usefully requires cooperation and the sharing of resources)
cm`~«ar H$Ýgm°{e©`mMr ì`m»`m _mÌ Imcrcn«_mUo XoVm `oB©c.
{ZpíMV Ho$coë`m g_mZ JaOm§Mr (eŠ`Vmoda g§gmYZm§Mr XodmUKodmU) nyV©Vm
H$aÊ`mñVd EH$_oH$m§Zm ghH$m`© H$aÊ`mg gh_V Agcoë`m XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$
J«§Wmc`m§Mm JQ> åhUOo cm`~«ar H$Ýgm°{e©`m. (A library consortia is a group
of two or more libraries that have agreed to cooperate with each
other in order to fulfill certain similar needs, usually resource sharing)
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 6
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H$mog© gwê$ Ho$bm. nwÊ`mMo dm. nw. H$moëhQ>H$a, S>m°. H¥$. e§. qhJdo, lr. nwam{UH$,
COi§~H$a, S>m°. em§. J. _hmOZ Ago _hmamï´>mVbo AZoH$mZoH$ CÎm_ J«§Wnmb àm.
a§JZmWZ `m§Zr V`ma Ho$bo. `m§ZrM nwT>o Vr {ejUmMr na§nam _hmamï´>mV éOdbr, _moR>r
Ho$br.
1945 gmbr Vo _Ðmg {dÚmnrR>mMo J«§Wnmb åhUyZ {Zd¥Îm Pmbo. ~Zmag
{dÚmnrR>mMo Hw$bJwê$ S>m°. amYmH¥$îUZ `m§À`m {Z_§ÌUmdê$Z Ë`m§À`m {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m
J«§Wmb`mVrb Odi Odi 1 Vo 1.25 bmI nwñVH$m§Mo dJuH$aU H$ê$Z {Xbo. nwT>o
{X„r {dÚmnrR>mV Ë`m§Zr J«§Wmb`emñÌ {d^mJ gwê$ H$amdm åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm Am_§ÌU
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 12
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 13
Amho, ho {H$Vr gX²^m½`Mo bjU Amho. `mMm AmZ§X H$m` AgVmo, ho Á`mMo Ë`mbmM
R>mD$H$ AgVo. _r Vmo gÜ`m AZw^dV Amho. Ë`mVhr _moR>m A{YH$ bjUr` `moJm`moJ
Agm lr. n. ny. lr. _m_m§Mr `mM dfm©V OÝ_eVmãXr gwê$ Pmbr Amho. n. ny. lr.
dmgwXodmZ§X Q>|ã`o ñdm_r _hmamO `m§À`m g_mYrMrhr eVmãXr gwê$ Pmbr Amho. `m
gwdU© `moJmda _bm Ë`mÀ`mM n{dÌ ñWmZmda ~mobm`M§ Am_§ÌU {_imd§ hr {H$Vr
_moR>r _oOdmUr _bm dmQ>Vo ho _r eãXmV gm§Jy eH$V Zmhr.
àm. a§JZmWZ g§ñH¥$V {df`mMo ñH$m°ba hmoVo. bhmZ d`mVM Ë`m§Mo g§ñH¥$V_YyZ
{b{hbobo {Z~§Y {ejH$ dJ© ZmdmOV AgV. Ë`m§Mo dS>rb g§ñH¥$V_YyZ am_m`Umda
àdMZo H$arV AgV. Ad¿`m ghm dfmªV d{S>bm§M§ N>Ì hadboë`m a§JZmWZ `m§Zr,
Ë`m§À`m g§ñH¥$V ^mfoMm ào_mMm dmagm Amnë`m öX`mVyZ nwT>o Zobm. n. ny. lr. dmgwXdo mZ§X
Q>|ã`o ñdm_r _hmamOm§M§ g§ñH¥$V dmL²>_` Am{U _amR>r dmL²>_` nmhVm, S>m°. a§JZmWZ
`m§À`m O`§VrMm Iam YmJm, `mM J«§Wmb`mer OwiVmo ho H$moUmÀ`mhr bjmV `m`bm
haH$V Zmhr.
S>m.° a§JZmWZ `m§Zm J«W§ mb`emñÌmMo {nVm_h åhUV AgV. ^maVmVrb J«W§ mb`
MidirMo {nVm_h åhUyZ Vo à{gÕ Va hmoVoM, nU ^maVmVrb J«§Wmb`emñÌmMo
OZH$hr hmoVo. AmO g§nyU© Xoe^a Oo emñÌewÕ J«§Wmb`emñÌmMo Omio {XgVo Amho,
Ë`mMm ^¸$_ nm`m S>m°. a§JZmWZ `m§Zr KmVbm Amho. ho Ia§ Agb§ Varhr ^maVmVrb
kmZmbm, J«§Wm§Zm Am{U ì`º$s, KQ>Zm, B{Vhmgmbm OJmÀ`m nmpíM_mË` dJuH$aU
nÕVrV hdo {VVHo$ ñWmZ {_iV Zmhr, åhUyZ ^maVmVrb kmZmMm, dmL²>_`mMm,
g§{MVmMm, VÎdkmZmMm, g§V_h§V àUmbtMm g_mdoe hmoB©b Aer ^maVr` nÕVrda
AmYmabobr dJuH$aU nÕVr Ë`m§Zr g§nU
y © OJmbm {Xbr. n. ny. lr. _m_m§À`m eVmãXr
dfm©V S>m.° a§JZmWZ `m§À`m `m g§{MVmM§ Oo ZmV§ Amnë`m g§VdmL²>_`mer `oD$Z {^S>V,§
Vo ñnï> H$am`bm _bm {ZpíMVM AmZ§X hmoV Amho. Ë`m§Mm hm dmagm AOyZ Var H$moUr
OmoS>yZ dm CbJSy>Z XmIdbobm Zmhr. Vmo Vw_À`mgma»`m Á`oð>, loð> ì`º$s¨g_moa Aën_Vr
~wÕrZo _r _m§S>m`Mm à`ËZ H$aUma Amho. AmVm _r _yi {df`mH$S>o diVmo.
S>m.° Eg. Ama. a§JZmWZ `m§Mm YmdVm n[aM`
gmbr H$Zm©Q>H$mV H$m`Xm Ambm. _hmamï´>mV hmM gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb` H$m`Xm 1967
gmbr Ambm. Ë`mM H$m`Úm_wio AmO ho gmd©O{ZH$ J«W§ mb` C^o Amho. `m H$m`Úm_wiM
o
_hmamï´>mVë`m {d{dY J«W§ mb`m§_Ü`o gm§ñH¥${VH$, dmL²>_`rZ H$m`©H$« _ nma nS>V AmhoV.
àm. a§JZmWZ `m§Mo H$m`© {demb Amho. ^ì` {Xì` Amho. Ë`m§Mo {dMma {Z
J«§Wmb`emñÌ g_OyZ ¿`m`bm h`mV Kmbdm`bm hdr. {H$_mZ Á`mbm Ë`m§M§ Am`wî`
AmoPaV§ H$m hmoB©Zm, g_OyZ ¿`m`M§ Agob, Ë`mZo Ë`m§Mo 'A Librarian Looks
Back ho AmË_M[aÌ dmMm`bm hdo. "_mJo nhmVmo diyZ' hm AZwdmX lr. H¥$îU _wH$§w X
COi§~H$a `m§Zr Ho$bm`. S>m.° em§. J. _hmOZ `m§Zrhr Ë`m§Mo N>mQo >I
o mZr M[aÌ {b{hb§`.
(S>m°. {e`mbr am_m_¥V a§JZmWZ OrdZ Am{U H$m`©, nwUo, nwUo {dÚmWu J¥h àH$meZ,
2009)
Ambo. 1947 - 1955 `m AmR> dfmªÀ`m H$mimV Ë`m§Zr {VWo J«§Wmb`emñÌmVrb
nrEM.S>r. n`ªVÀ`m {ejUH«$_mMr gmo` CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr. 1948 gmbr {X„r
{dÚmnrR>mZo Ë`m§Zm S>r. {bQ>. nXdr XoD$Z Ë`m§Mm C{MV Agm Jm¡ad Ho$bm. 1957
gmbr ^maV gaH$maZo Ë`m§Zm nÙlr XoD$Z Jm¡adbo.
Ë`m§Zr doimodoir ^maVmV AZoH$ g§ñWm ñWmnZ Ho$ë`m {Z H$mhr g§ñWm§Mo H$m`©
gwê$ H$ê$Z {Xbo. B§{S>`Z Z°eZb gm`§{Q>{\$H$ S>m°Š`w_|Q>oeZ g|Q>a (BÝñS>m°H$) ñWmnZ
Ho$bo. {X„r npãbH$ bm`~«arMm d¡{eîQ>çnyU© à`moJ gwê$ Ho$bm. "A°Zëg Am°\$ bm`~«ar
gm`Ýg' ho Ì¡_m{gH$ J«§Wmb`emñÌmgmR>r gwê$ Ho$bo. d¡Mm[aH$ ì`mgnrR> åhUyZ `m
Ì¡_m{gH$mZo »`mVr {_idbr. B§{S>`Z ñQ>±S>S>©g² BpÝñQ>Q>çweZV\}$ (IST) J«§Wmb`
emñÌmVrb AZoH$ _mZHo$ V`ma Ho$br. g§ñWmË_H$ C^maUrVbo Ë`m§Mo gdmªV _hÎdmMo
H$m`© åhUOo D.R.T.C. S>m°Š`w_|Q>oeZ argM© A±S> Q´>oqZJ g|Q>a `m g§ñWoMr C^maUr.
1959 gmbr Vo ~§Jbmoa `oWo ñWm{`H$ Pmbo Am{U 1962 gmbr Ë`m§Zr hr g§ñWm gwê$
Ho$br. `m g§ñWoV\}$ Ë`m§Zr "S>m°Š`w_|Q>eZ' {df`mVbm XmoZ dfmªMm nyU©doioMm nXì`wÎma
{ejUH«$_ gwê$ Ho$bm Am{U `m g§ñWobm H$bH$Îmm `oWrb "B§{S>`Z ñQ>°{Q>pñQ>H$b
BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> `m g§ñWoZo _mÝ`Vm {Xbr. n{hbr nmM df} a§JZmWZ {ejH$ åhUyZ `m
g§ñWoV gH«$s` hmoVo.
àm. a§JZmWZ `m§Zr AZoH$ J«W§ {b{hbo. J«W§ mb`emñÌmV H$mobZ dJuH$aU nÕVr
OÝ_mg KmVbr. emoY{Z~§Y {b{hbo, J«W§ mb` {Z_m©U Ho$bo, _m{gHo$-Ì¡_m{gHo$ Mmbdbr.
g§ñWm H$mT>ë`m, ^maV gaH$ma, A_o[aH$Z gaH$maZo Ë`m§Mm C{MV Jm¡ad Ho$bm.
AmË_M[aÌmgh 24 J«§Wm§Mr {Z{_©Vr Ho$br Am{U AIoan`ªV {ejH$-J«§Wnmbg§emoYH$-boIH$ åhUyZ H$m`©aV am{hbo. 27 gßQ>|~a 1972 amoOr Ë`m§Zr OJmMm
{Zamon KoVbm.
H$mobZ dJuH$aU nÕVr, dJuH¥$V Vm{bH$m g§{hVm (classified Catalogue
Code), àboIZ (Documentation), g§X^© godm, J«W
§ mb` àemgZ, BË`mXr AZoH$
ZdZdrZ {df` nÕVr, {Z`_ àH$ma Ë`m§Zr gwê$ Ho$bo, àË`jmV AmUbo. Varhr Ë`m§À`m
XmoZ Jmoï>tMr AmR>dU AmnU H$YrM {dgê$ eH$Uma Zmhr. EH$ åhUOo gmd©O{ZH$
J«W§ mb` H$m`Xm hmoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobo AWH$ n[al_ Am{U XmoZ J«W§ mb` emñÌmbm
{Xbobo A{^Zd Ago nmM {gÕm§V. Five Laws of Library Science åhUyZ ho
{gÕm§V à{gÕ AmhoV.
àm. a§JZmWZ `m§À`m AWH$ à`ËZm_wio 1948 gmbr ^maVmbm n{hbm gmd©O{ZH$
J«§Wmb` H$m`Xm _Ðmg_Ü`o àË`jmV Ambm. nwT>o 1960 gmbr Am§Y«àXoe, 1965
J«§Wmb`emñÌmMo nmM {gÕm§V ho Ë`m§Mo VmpÎdH$ ñdê$nmMo boIZ, _yb^yV
g§emoYZmV (Pure Science) JUb§ OmV§. Ë`m§M§ Iyn nÕVrZo _§WZ H$aVm `oV§. Ho$b§
Job§`hr Am{U Varhr, Ë`m {ddoMZmV Zì`mZ§ ^a nS>VM Amho. 1931 gmbr àm.
a§JZmWZ `m§Zr hm {dMma àW_ nwñVH$ê$nmZo _m§S>bm. Ë`mZ§Va AmOVmJm`V MMm©
gwê$M AgVo. nwñVH$ê$nmZo àW_ Ë`m§ZrM hr 5 VÎdo {deX H$ê$Z {Xbr. Vr 5 gyÌo
H$moUVr? AJXr gmYr gmonr Aer Vr VÎdo dmQ>VmV, nU Ë`m§Zm Imob Agm AW© Amho.
Vr VÎdo Aer1) Books are for use - J«§W ho Cn`moJmgmR>r AmhoV.
2) Every reader his book - àË`oH$ dmMH$mg Ë`mMm dm {VMm J«§W {_imbm
nm{hOo.
3) Every book its reader - àË`oH$ J«§Wmg Ë`mMm dmMH$ {_imbm nm{hOo.
4) Save the time of the reader - dmMH$m§Mm doi dmMdm.
5) A Library is a growing organism - J«§Wmb` hr d{Y©îUw g§ñWm Amho.
nydu _wÐUnyd© H$mimV J«§W dmnamdaM _`m©Xm hmoVr. {d{eï> dJm©bmM J«§Wm§Mm
dmna /Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoVm `oV Ago. _wÐUm_wio H«$m§Vr Pmbr Am{U J«§Wm§Mm Iè`m
AWm©Zo dmna hmoD$ bmJbm. na§Vw _wÐUm_wio J«§Wm§À`m g§»`oV {dbjU dmT> Pmbr.
"g§»`mË_H$ dmT>' hr ~m~ H$mhr g_ñ`m§Zmhr KoD$Z Ambr. CXm. gd© J«§W bjmV Z
amhUo, Ë`m§À`m Zm|Xr ñ_aUmV Z _mdUo, AZoH$ J«§Wm§Mo Xe©Zhr Z bm^Uo, gd©M J«§W
EH$Ì Z gmR>dVm `oU,o g§»`mË_H$ dmT>r_wio J«W§ emoYH$m`m©g {db§~ bmJUo, {Xdg|{Xdg
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 14
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 15
J«W
§ mb`mMo nmM {gÕm§V
g§»`mË_H$ dmT>r_wio J«§Wmb`mMr OmJm Anwar nS>Uo, BË`mXr. `m gd© g_ñ`m§daMo
Cnm` àm. a§JZmWZ `m§Zr `m n§MgyÌrÛmao {deX H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. CXm. àË`oH$
dmMH$mbm J«§W {_imbm nm{hOo. ho VÎd A_bmV AmUm`Mo Agob Va, Ë`mgmR>r
Vm{bH$m, dJuH$aU Ho$bobo Agm`bm hdo. Ë`mÛmam àË`oH$ dmMH$ Amnë`mbm hdm
AgUmam J«§W emoYy eH$Vmo. Ë`mM~amo~a Oa Ë`m J«§Wmb`mV "_wº$Ûma nÕV' (Open
Access) Agob Va àm. a§JZmWZ gm§JVmV Vr XmoZ VÎdohr A_bmV AmUVm `oVmV.
dmMH$ nwñVH$mn`ªV OmV Agë`mZo Ë`mbm hdm AgUmam J«§W {_idUo eŠ` hmoVo.
VgoM `mM nÕVr_wio Ë`mbm _mhrV ZgUmam EImXm ZdmM J«§W Ë`mÀ`m ZOaog `oVmo
Am{U àË`oH$ J«W§ mbm Ë`mMm dmMH$ {_iVmo. dmMH$mMm doihr `m_wio dmMVmo. _wº$Ûma
nÕVrà_mUoM, J«§WàXe©Z `m H$m`m©VyZhr H«$. 2 d H«$. 3 hr VÎdo nyU© hmoD$ eH$VmV.
"g§»`mË_H$ dmT>' `m EH$mM Jmoï>r_wio J«W§ mb`mV emñÌr` nÕVtMm CJ_ Pmbm
d J«§Wmb` godm-H$m`m©Mm {dH$mg hmoD$Z {d{dY CnH«$_ J«§Wmb`m§Zm am~dmdo bmJbo.
Jobr 150 df} ^maVmVrb e¡j{UH$, g§emoYZ Am{U gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o Amnmnbo
godm-H$m`© H$aV AmhoV. doi dmMdUo, OmJm Anwar nS>Uo, àË`oH$ J«§Wmg dmMH$
{_imdm qH$dm àË`oH$ dmMH$mg Ë`mMm J«W§ {_imdm, `mgmR>r YS>nS>V AmhoV, Ë`mda
Cnm`hr emoYyZ H$mTy>Z Vo H$m`© nwT>o ZoV AmhoV. {d{dY J«§Wmb`m§Zr am~dbobo CnH«$_,
{Xboë`m godm, AmIbobr emñÌr` nÕV, `moOboë`m Cnm``moOZm, J«W§ mb` g_ñ`m§da
emoYZy H$mT>bb
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`mMm àË`` Amë`m dmMyZ amhUma Zmhr.
_mÌ àm. a§JZmWZ `m§À`m n§MgyÌmVrb n{hbo VÎd _mÌ VmpÎdH$ nmVirdaM
M{M©bo OmVo Amho Ago {XgyZ `oB©b. Ë`mMo H$maU Ago {XgVo H$s, n{hë`m VÎdmbm
àmË`{jH$ ñdê$nmMo CÎma åhUyZ àm. a§JZmWZ `m§Zr Xwgao, {Vgao d Mm¡Wo gyÌ _m§S>bo
Amho. AgmM Odinmg J¡ag_O H$ê$Z KoVbm Amho H$s H$m` Aer e§H$m `mdr.
{OVŠ`m {Oìhmù`mZo XmoZ, VrZ d Mma (AWdm nmMhr) VÎdm§~m~V J«W§ nmb ~mobVmV,
{VVŠ`m {Oìhmù`mZo n{hë`m VÎdm{df`r ~mobV ZmhrV qH$dm n{hë`m VÎdmMr MMm©
Cnm`mË_H$ åhUyZ, Xwgè`m - {Vgè`m VÎdmH$S>o didVmV. Ago H$m, `mMo CÎma emoYbo
Va "J«§Wm§Mm Cn`moJ' Zo_H$m H$m` AgVmo, `mMo ^mZ AZoH$m§Zm ZgVo. "J«§WmMm dmna'
H$gm H$amdm, hoM ZrQ> AdJV ZgVo. "Cn`moJ' Am{U "dmna' `mV H$m` \$aH$ AgVmo,
H$am`Mm AgVmo, `mMohr ^mZ nmibo OmV Zmhr. àm. a§JZmWZ `m§Zm H$m` A{^àoV
Agmdo, `mMmhr {dMma Ho$bm OmV Zmhr.
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J«W
§ m§Mm "Cn`moJ' H$aUo åhUOo H$m` ?
Cn`moJ Am{U dmna `mVbm \$aH$hr bjmV ¿`m`bm hdm. Ooìhm àm. a§JZmWZ
Use hm eãX dmnaVmV. Ë`mMm AW© Ë`mMm Cn`moJ `mM AWm©Zo Vmo eãX àm_w»`mZo
dmnam`Mm Amho. "dmna' `m AWm©Zo Zìho. "dmna' `m eãXmbm "dmnam {Z \o$H$m',
"JaO gamo, d¡Ú _amo' Mr Or N>Q>m àmá hmoVo Vr J«§Wm~m~V {dMmamV KoVm `oUma Zmhr
dm KoUo `mo½` hmoUma Zmhr. dmna Oar Pmbm, Var Vmo J«W§ BVam§Zm qH$dm Ë`mM dmMH$mbm
nwÝhm bmJy eH$Vmo. Ë`m_wio Omo J«§Wdmna H$am`Mm Amho, Vmo dmna H$gm Agmdm `m
Ñï>rZoM " dmna' hm AW© bjmV ¿`m`bm hdm. hmVmiUo, g§^miUo `m AWm©Zo "dmna'
hm AW© àm. a§JZmWZ `m§Zm A{^àoV Amho ho CKS>M Amho. nU "Cn`moJ' H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r
{d{eï> H¥$VrMr OmoS> A{^àoV Amho, Vr H$moUVr?
H$moUË`mhr dñVyMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoUo qH$dm Vr dmnaÊ`m`mo½` Amho `mMr
ImÌr nQ>Uo `mgmR>r Ë`m dñVyMo AMyH$ kmZ ìhm`bm hdo AgVo. J«W§ /dmMZ gm{hË`mMm
Cn`moJ H$ê$Z ¿`m`Mm Agob Va Vmo J«W§ dm Vo dmMZ gm{hË` Amnë`mbm H$go CnmoJr
nS>b
o , nS>b
o M H$m, H$go, H$em nÕVrZo, H$moUË`m ñdê$nmV Aem {d{dYm§JmZo dmMH$mbm
qH$dm Cn`moJ H$Ë`m©bm ^mZ Agmdo bmJVo. J«W§ m§À`m ~m~VrV Ago ^mZ AgUmao dmMH$
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H$m`© H$moUmMo? Va AWm©VM J«§Wmb`mMo. n`m©`mZo Vo H$m_ J«§Wnmbm§Zr H$am`bm hdo.
"J«§WmMm Cn`moJ H$m` ?' `m àíZmMm doY J«§Wnmbm§Zr / J«§Wmb`m§Zr ¿`m`bm hdm,
hmM {ZîH$f© Amnë`mbm H$mT>m`bm bmJVmo.
J«§Wm§Mm Cn`moJ H$am`Mm Agob, H$ê$Z ¿`m`Mm Agob, dmMH$m§Zr Vmo H$amdm
Ago dmQ>V Agob, Va J«§Wnmbm§Zm àW_ `mMo ^mZ Agm`bm hdo H$s Cn`moJ H$am`Mm
åhUOo H$gm ? dmMZ H$aUo hm àmW{_H$ Cn`moJ OJOmhra Amho. Ë`mÀ`m nbrH$S>o
J«W§ mMm / J«W§ m§Mo Cn`moJ H$m` AgVmV ? Cer åhUyZ S>mŠo `mImbr KoÊ`mnmgyZ, \o$Hy$Z
_maÊ`mn`ªV AZ§V Cn`moJ AgVmV, ho _mÝ` Ho$bo Var Ë`mMo kmZ_mJm©dê$Z dmMH$mbm
ZoUmao Cn`moJM àm. a§JZmWZ `m§Zm A{^àoV AmhoV ho CKS> Amho. g§X^m©nmgyZ WoQ>
_wImoX²JV H$aÊ`mn`ªV J«§Wm§Mo AZ§V Cn`moJ AmhoV. Vo gdmªZm kmVhr AmhoV, nU
Ë`mÀ`m nbrH$S>o J«§Wm§Mm Cn`moJ AgVmo, Agy eH$Vmo, `mMr OmUrd {H$Vr OUm§Zm
AgVo?
n. ny. lr. _m_mgmho~m§Zm EH$Xm EH$mZo àíZ {dMmabm hmoVm H$s J«W§ m§Mm Cn`moJ
H$m` d H$gm H$am`Mm ? Ë`mda Ë`m§Zr \$ma gwX§ a _m{_©H$ CÎma {Xbo hmoV.o Vo åhUmbo hmoVo
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 17
"kmZoídar àË`oH$mÀ`m KamV Om`bm hdr' À`m _mJMo VÎd Aën à_mUmV H$m
hmoBZ© m, J«W§ mb`o A_bmV AmUVmV. J«W§ dmMm`bm Kar XoÊ`mÀ`m nÕVrZo, kmZoídarM
H$m, Va {d{dY J«§W J«§Wmb`o dmMH$m§À`m KamV ZoÊ`mÀ`m {H«$`obm hmV^ma bmdVmV.
dmMH$ J«W§ KoD$Z Kar OmVmV `mMm AW© Vo Vmo J«W§ dmMVmV ho AmnU J¥hrV YaVmo, nU
AmË_gmV H$aVmV H$m Am{U AmË_gmV Ho$bmM Va Vmo OrdZmV OJVmV H$m, `mMm
H$moUVmhr nwamdm JǤWmb`o, JǤWnmb XoD$ eH$V ZmhrV. JǤW JǤWmb`mVyZ AmUbobm
Agmo dm ñdV… {dH$V KoD$Z AmUbobm Agmo, Ë`mMm Cn`moJ dmMH$ H$aVmo H$m? hm
Iam àíZ Amho. àm. a§JZmWZ `m§Zm hoM {dMmam`Mo Amho. "J«§W Cn`moJmgmR>r AmhoV'
Ago Ooìhm Vo gm§JVmV Voìhm Cn`moJ H$moUVm, H$gm {Z H$emgmR>r Vo dmMH$mZo, J«W§ nmbmZo
Am{U J«§Wmb`mZo emoYm`Mo Amho {Z Ë`mà_mUo dmJm`Mo Amho.
J«§Wm§Mm Cn`moJ, `mo½` nÕVrMm Cn`moJ, dmMH$mZo H$amdm Ago dmQ>V Agob
Va, J«§Wmb`m§Zm H$mhr à{H«$`m H$amì`m bmJVmV. A_o[aH$Z J«§Wmb` VÁk àm. Oo.
EM. eoam `m§Zr J«§Wmb`m§gmR>r kmZmMm {gÕm§V _m§S>bm hmoVm. àm. eoam `m§Mo åhUUo
Ago hmoVo H$s, J«§Wmb`o kmZmMm gmR>m J«§W / {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ H$aVmV.
`m kmZgmR>çmbm Vo Knowledge Situation Agm eãX dmnaVmV. hm kmZgmR>m
dmMH$m§n`ªV OmÊ`mgmR>r dmMZmb`m§Zm Vo kmZ g§dmXdmhr (H$å`w{ZHo$eZ) H$amdo bmJVo
d Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm H$mhr gmYZo {Z_m©U H$amdr bmJVmV. nwñVH$m§Mo Ho$bobo dJuH$aU
Am{U Vm{bH$sH$aU hr XmoZ gmYZo kmZ g§dmXdmhr H$aÊ`mgmR>r Cn`wº$ R>aVmV. na§Vw
BVHo$M nwaogo Zmhr. Ë`mgmR>r AÝ` H$mhr ~m~rhr H$amì`m bmJVmV, Va J«§Wmb`mVbm
kmZgmR>m g§dmXdmhr (H$å`w{ZHo$~b) hmoVmo.
J«§Wmb`o Oo {d{dY CnH«$_ KoVmV. CXm. ì`m»`mZo, ì`m»`mZ_mbm, àXe©Zo,
MMm©, n[ag§dmX, ñnYm©, gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m`©H«$_, BË`mXr Ë`m _mÜ`_mVyZ kmZgmR>m
g§dmXdmhr hmoVmo. ho CnH«$_ H$aÊ`mMo H$mhr V§Ì Zmhr. H$moUVrhr _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo
J«§Wmb`m§H$S>o ZmhrV. Ë`mVyZ g§H«${_V dm àdmhr hmoUmao kmZ H$em, H$moUË`m {Z {H$Vr
à_mUmV àdmhr Pmbo `mMo J{UV Zmhr. H$m`©H«$_ hmoVmV, Ho$bo OmVmV {Z g§nVmV.
àm. a§JZmWZ qH$dm lr. _m_m `m§Zm A{^àoV AgUmam J«§Wm§Mm Cn`moJ hmoVmo H$m, Ho$bm
OmVmo H$m, hm Iam àíZ Amho.
kmZ àdmhr ìhm`Mo Agob Va Ë`m J«§Wmb`m§À`m _mJo kmZemIm§À`m VÁkm§Mo
nmR>~i Agmdo bmJVo, VaM Ë`m J«§WmVbo kmZ àdmhr hmoD$ eH$Vo. e¡j{UH$ Am{U
g§emoYZna J«W§ mb`m§À`m _mJo, nma§n[aH$ nÕVrZo {Xbr OmUmar {ejU ì`dñWm AgVo.
dJm©VZy {ejH$, àmÜ`mnH$, g§emoYH$ kmZ àdmhr H$aÊ`mMo, Vo kmZ gmono H$aÊ`mMo, Vo
kmZ gwb^ H$aÊ`mMo H$m`© H$aVmV Am{U Ë`m~amo~aM Ë`m§Mr J«W§ mb`o Ë`m kmZmZo `wº$
AgUmao J«§W dmMH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVmV. àmÜ`mnH$, {ejH$m§Zr àdmhr Ho$boë`m
kmZm_wio Ë`m Ë`m J«§Wmb`mMm dmMH$, Ë`m§À`m J«§Wmb`mVrb J«§Wm§Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 18
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 19
H$s, "J«§WmMo VÎd EH$Xm AmË_gmV Ho$bo H$s Ë`mMm Cn`moJ g§nVmo.' {H$Vr gmono nU
Varhr AdKS> ñdê$n Ë`m§Zr _m§S>bo Amho. "J«§WmVrb VÎd AmË_gmV H$am`Mo, ZwgVo
dmMm`Mo, g_OyZ ¿`m`Mo Zmhr, Va AmË_gmV H$am`Mo. J«W§ mMo VÎd AmË_gmV H$aVm
`oV Zmhr, åhUyZ Va Vmo J«W§ AmnU OnyZ, OVZ H$ê$Z R>do Vmo H$m ? nwÝhm nwÝhm dmMVmo
H$m ?
VÎd AmË_gmV H$am`Mo H$go ? H$m H$am`Mo ? Ë`mMo H$maU H$m` ? `mMo CÎma
emoYm`bm Jobmo Va nwÝhm Amnë`mbm n. ny. lr. _m_m§À`mM EH$m {dMmamH$S>o `mdo
bmJVo. lr. _m_m åhUm`Mo, "kmZoídar OJVm `m`bm hdr.' kmZoídar OJm`Mr åhUOo
H$m` ? Va kmZoídarMm Cn`moJ H$am`Mm. hm Cn`moJ H$gm H$am`Mm, Va OJyZ H$am`Mm.
OJyZ H$am`Mm Agob Va Vr AmË_gmV ìhm`bm hdr Am{U AmË_gmV ìhm`Mr Agob
Va H$m` H$am`Mo ? {VMm Cn`moJ H$am`bm hdm. Cn`moJ Hw$R>o H$am`Mm ? CR>Vm,
~gVm, {dMma H$aVm, H$aVm `m`bm hdm Am{U `mMgmR>r Vr AmË_gmV ìhm`bm
hdr. J«§Wm§À`m Cn`moJmM§ BVH§$ gw§Xa {ddoMZ _r Var AÝ` Hw$R>o dmMbobo Zmhr.
Agm J«W§ mon`moJ {H$Vr dmMH$ H$ê$ eH$Vrb `mMr e§H$mM Amho ? Agm J«W§ mon`moJ
dmMH$m§Zr H$amdm Ago {H$Vr J«W§ mb`m§Zm / J«W§ nmbm§Zm dmQ>V Agob ? Oar dmQ>bo Var
Vgm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoVm `mdm `mgmR>r H$m` H$am`bm hdo ? H$moUVo H$m`©H$« _ J«W§ mb`m§Zr
Am`mo{OV H$am`bm hdoV ? Ago H$m`©H«$_ Am`mo{OV H$am`Mo AgVrb, Va Vo H$moUVo
`mMohr EH$ AMyH$ CÎma n. ny. lr. _m_m§Zr XoD$Z R>odbo Amho.
lr. _m_m åhUm`Mo, kmZoídar àË`oH$mÀ`m KamV Om`bm hdr. Vo Ë`m§M§ ñdßZ
hmoV.§ H$m àË`oH$ Kar kmZoídar Omdr, Ag§ Ë`m§Zm dmQ>V hmoV§ ? Va AWm©V kmZoídarMm
Cn`moJ àË`oH$mbm H$aVm `m`bm hdm, Ag§ Ë`m§Zm dmQ>V Ago Am{U Cn`moJ H$gm, Va
Vr àË`j OJyZ Am{U OJm`Mr Agob Va Vr AmË_gmV ìhm`bm hdr, ho Va AmoKmZoM
Ambo. `mMm AW©, EH$m narZo lr. _m_m§Zr J«§Wmon`moJmMr _m{_©H$ {XemM Amnë`mbm
KmbyZ {Xbr Amho. hr {Xem J«W§ nmbm§Zr, J«W§ mb`m§Zr H$er nmim`Mr, hmM _moR>m àíZ
Amho. àm. a§JZmWZ `m§À`m {dMmamVrb VmpÎdH$ Jw\§ $U lr. _m_m§À`m {ddoMZmZo bjmV
`oVo. lr. _m_m§Zm A{^àoV AgUmar {Xem H$moUVr Agy eH$Vo ?
J«W
§ mon`moJmMr _m{_©H$ {Xem
KoVmo. `mMm AW© Vmo dmMH$ Vo kmZ AmË_gmV H$aVmo Ago Zmhr, {Z OrdZmV OJVmoM
Agohr Zmhr. nU eŠ`Vm Var {Z_m©U hmoVo.
gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`m§À`m _mJo Aem àmÜ`mnH$, {ejH$m§Mr \$ir ZgVo, dJ©
ZgVmV. Aä`mgH«$_, {eH$dUr ZgVo. Ë`m_wio gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`m§da \$ma _moR>r
O~m~Xmar `oD$Z nS>V,o _mÌ H$mhr gmd©O{ZH$ J«W§ mb`o AndmX AgVmV. Ë`m§À`m _mJo
doJù`m nÕVrMr `§ÌUm C^r AgVo. CXm. _w§~B© _amR>r J«§Wg§J«hmb`mÀ`m _mJo _amR>r
g§emoYZ _§S>i, B{Vhmg g§emoYZ _§S>i, XmVo gyMr _§S>i, gmZo Jwê$Or ~mi {dH$mg,
H$bmemIm, {d{dY ì`m»`mZ_mbm, BË`mXr AZoH$ H$m`m©M,o {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mo nmR>~i
C^o Amho. øm H$m`m©VyZ àdmhr Ho$boë`m kmZmÀ`m _mJm©Mm Cn`moJ `m gmd©O{ZH$
J«§Wmb`mbm hmoVmo qH$dm AmO _r Á`m gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mV ho ^mfU XoVmo
Amho, Ë`m J«§Wmb`mÀ`m _mJohr lrdm_Z amO àH$meZ g§ñWm, lr. _m_m§Mo bmoH$moÎma
H$m`©, g§V gm{hË`mdaMm {gÕhñV à^md `m Jmoï>r Cä`m AmhoV. Aem J«§Wmb`m§Mo
H$m`© gwH$a hmoV,o gmono hmoV.o nU Á`mÀ`m _mJo Aer EImXr ^¸$_ `§ÌUm ZgVo, Ë`m§À`m
H$m`m©bm _`m©Xm nS>VmV.
J«§Wm§Mm Cn`moJ Va ìhm`bm hdmM. Ë`mMm n[aUm_ g_mOmV {Xgm`bm hdm.
g_mO gwg§ñH¥$V, bmoH$emhrnÕVr Adb§{~Umam, Ý`m`r, H$m`Xmào_r Agm`bm hdm,
g_mOmVrb ì`º$s åhUyZ, H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ KQ>H$ åhUyZ, gmd©O{ZH$ OrdZmVrb O~m~Xma
ZmJ[aH$ åhUyZ, Ë`mZo _mUgm§da ào_ H$am`bm hdo, _mUgm§er, àË`oH$ àmUr {_Ìm§er
Ë`mZo AmnbonUmZo dmJm`bm hdo, Ûof, _Ëga, hodoXmdo gmoS>m`bm hdoV, AmnwbH$sMo,
Mm§Jb
w nUmMo ZmVo {Z_m©U H$am`bm hdo. àJë^ ì`{º$Ëd åhUyZhr Ë`mMm dmda ìhm`bm
hdm. g_§OgnUm, g{hîUwVm, Xwgè`mMm AmXa, AÝ` {damoYr VÎdm§{df`r `mo½` Vr
ghmZw^yVr _mUgmbm Agm`bm hdr. ho Ago {MÌ Amnë`mbm \$maM ¹${MV {XgyZ
`oV.o Vo H$m ? J«W§ m§Mm Cn`moJ Ho$bm Zmhr åhUyZ H$s Á`m J«W§ m§Mm Cn`moJ H$am`bm hdm
hmoVm, Ë`m§Mm Ho$bm Zmhr åhUyZ ? Ago åhUVm `oB©b H$s, _mUgmda, _mUgmÀ`m
{dMmaeº$sda, _mUgmÀ`m AXmZ-àXmZ à{H«$`oda n[aUm_ H$ê$Z AmUUmao J«W§ doJioM
AgVmV ? Vgo Agob Va Vo J«W§ H$moUVo ?
àm. a§JZmWZ Va Ago _mZVmV H$s, àË`oH$ J«§Wmbm Ë`mMm dmMH$ {_im`bm
hdm. `mMm AW© àË`oH$ J«W§ mbm Ë`mMm åhUyZ EH$ dmMH$dJ© AgVmo Am{U J«W§ mb`m§Zr
Aem dmMH$dJm©Mm emoY KoD$Z Vmo (Vo J«§W) J«§W Ë`m Ë`m dmMH$m§n`ªV nmohmoMdm`Mo
AgVmV. Vo Agohr _mZVmV H$s, àË`oH$ dmMH$mbm Ë`mMm J«§W {_im`bm hdm. `mMm
AW© Agm H$s àË`oH$ dmMH$mbm AmdS>ob, ê$Mob Am{U Cn`moJr nS>ob Agm J«§Wm§Mm
dJ© AgVmo. Vmo dJ© dmMH$mbm _mhrV AgVmo qH$dm ZgVmo. J«§Wmb`m§Zr Vo Vo J«§W Ë`m
Ë`m dmMH$m§n`ªV nmohMdm`Mo AgVmV, nU H$moUmbm H$moUVm J«§W éMob, AmdS>ob ho
H$go emoYm`Mo ? H$moUVm JǤW Cn`moJr R>aob ho H$go AmO_md`mMo ? H$go R>adm`Mo ?
Ag§»` J«§Wm§VyZ Agm EImXm J«§W Cn`moJr R>ê$ eH$Vmo H$m ?
`mdaMm Cnm` åhUyZ àm. a§JZmWZ _wº$Ûma nÕVrMm nwañH$ma H$aVmV.
dmMH$mbm J«§Wg§J«hmn`ªV OmD$ Úm`Mo {Z Ë`mbmM Ë`mMr {ZdS> H$am`bm gm§Jm`Mr.
hm _mJ© `mo½`M Amho, nU _J J«W§ mb`mMo, J«W§ nmbmMo H$m`© H$m` ? Ë`mZo H$m` ^y{_H$m
¿`m`Mr ? dmMH$mÀ`m ì`{º$_ÎdmV _mJÊ`m§À`m nyVV© ~o amo~aM J«W§ mb`m§Zm g_ï>rÀ`m
dmMZ pñWVrJVrMm {dMma H$amdm bmJVmo. g_mO gwg§ñH¥$V ìhmdm, {dMmar, g§`_r
ìhmdm, àJVrerb {dMmam§Mm Agmdm, Ë`mÀ`mVrb Xmof XwJU©w m§Mm {ZMam ìhmdm, {ZH$mon
Aem ghg§doXZm KoD$Z g§doXZerb g_mZo Ë`mZo gm_m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Ym{_©H$,
H$m¡Q>w {§ ~H$ ì`dhma H$amdm. `mgmR>r H$mhr dmMZ nÕVr AmIÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo.
gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zm `m g§X^m©V \$ma _mobmMr H$m_{Jar nma nmS>mdr bmJVo. Ver
Anojm Var AgVo.
Aer O~m~Xmar nma nmS>m`Mr Agob Va H$moUË`m J«§Wm§Mo dmMZ H$amdo ?
H$moUVo J«§W Ë`mgmR>r Cn`wº$ R>aVrb ? Ago H$moUVo J«§W Amnë`mH$S>o AmhoV H$s Oo
g_ï>rÀ`m H$jm é§XmdÊ`mMo H$m`© H$ê$ eH$VmV ?
lr. _m_m§Zm Ooìhm KamKam§VyZ kmZoœar J«§W Omdm Ago dmQ>V hmoVo, Ë`mMm AW©,
kmZoídar (Am{U gd©M g§VdmL²>_`) g_ï>rÀ`m CÕmamgmR>r Cn`wº$ J«§W Amho. AgoM
Ë`m§Zm gwMdm`Mo Amho. J«W§ mb`emñÌ H$m` Cnm` gwMdVo ? J«W§ mb`emñÌmV EH$ nÕV
AmMaUmV AmUbr OmVo Vr åhUOo J«§WmonMmanÕV. `m nÕVrV J«§WmÀ`m Cn`moJmMo
J{UVM _m§Sy>Z XmIdbo Amho.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 20
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 21
J«W
§ monMma nÕV
J«§WmonMma åhUOo J«§WmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo _mUgm§da Ho$bobr CnMma nÕVr. {d{dY
_mZ{gH$ àíZm§À`m, g_ñ`m§À`m g§X^m©V {Z_m©U Pmboë`m _ZmVë`m Jm|YimgmR>r Cnm`
åhUyZ AMyH$ J«§W dmMm`bm {Xbm OmVmo. Ë`m dmMZmZo dmMH$mbm {Xem {_iVo.
Jm|YimÀ`m Jb~ë`mVyZ Vmo ~mhoa `oD$ eH$Vmo. CXm. CXmg dmQ>Uo ({S>àe
o Z), ZoVÎ¥ dmMm
A^md, H$UIanUmMm A^md, BË`mXr AZoH$ g_ñ`m _mUgmÀ`m _ZmV CX²^dVmV {Z
Ë`mbm Ë`mVyZ ~mhoa H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r nwñVH$m§Mm Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. Aer J«W§ monMmanÕV
nmíMmÎ` XoemVrb gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o A_bmV AmUVmV. dmMZVÁk, J«§Wnmb,
S>m°ŠQ>a, gm_m{OH$ H$m`©H$Vm© Aer _§S>itMm g_yh EH$Ì `oD$Z hr nÕV EImÚm
dmMH$mÀ`m g§X^m©V A_bmV AmUVmV.
nmíMmÎ` XoemV `m nÕVrda ^anya g§emoYZ Va Pmbo AmhoM, nU VmpÎdH$
{dMma _m§S>Umar, ñd`§_mJ©Xe©Z H$aVrb Aer J«§Wm§Mr `mXr, Ë`m nwñVH$m§Mo _hÎd
gm§JUmar nwñVHo$hr ^anya AmhoV. ^maVmV EH$Va hm {df` ZdrZ Amho. Ë`mMm dmna
AOyZ H$moUrhr Ho$ë`mMo EoH$dV Zmhr. H°$. _mohZ nmR>H$ `m§Mm EH$ AndmX åhUVm
`oB©b. dmMH$m§Zm _mJ©Xe©H$ R>aob Aer `mXrhr Amnë`mH$S>o Zmhr. {e\$mag `mXtMr
\$maM _moR>r H$_VaVm Amnë`mH$S>o Amho, Varhr `m CnMma nÕVrda g§emoYZ ìhm`bm
hdo. ^maVmVbr pñWVr, _hmamï´>mVbr n[apñWVr H$er Amho ?
Amnë`mH$S>o dmMZmMr AmdS> Zmhr, J«W§ IaoXrMr gd` Zmhr, ñd`§_mJ©Xe©ZmMr
dmQ> emoYÊ`mH$S>o àd¥Îmr Zmhr. Ë`m_wio J«W§ monMma nÕVrbm nmíMmÎ` XoemV Ogm à{VgmX
{_iVmo Vgm {_iUma Zmhr. Ë`mgmR>r CnMmaH$Ë`m©bm ñdV…hÿZ à`ËZ H$am`bm hdm.
_m¡{IH$ nÕVrV KS>bobr ^maVr` _Zo AOyZhr àdMZ, H$sV©Z, {Zê$nU Aem
nÕVtZm _mÝ`Vm XoVmZm {XgVmV. J«§WmonMma nÕVrV CnMmaH$Ë`m©bm J«§WmMo _hÎd,
Ë`mMm hmoD$ eH$Umam Cn`moJ d n[aUm_ nQ>dyZ Úmdm bmJVmo, VaM dmMH$ Ë`m
J«§WmÀ`m dmMZmH$S>o, Cn`moJmH$S>o diVmo. Ho$di J«§WdmMZmMr JmoS>r bmdÊ`mÀ`m
à`moJmVhr à`moJH$Ë`m©bm A_mn H$ï> ¿`mdo bmJVmV. Va J«§WmonMma nÕVrV Vo {H$Vr
¿`m`bm bmJVrb `mMr H$ënZmM Ho$bobr ~ar.
àm. a§JZmWZ `m§Mo "J«§W ho Cn`moJmgmR>r AmhoV' ho VÎd J«§WmonMma nÕVrV
`WmW©nUo bmJy hmoV.o J«W§ mVrb {dMmam§Mm `mo½` Vmo n[aUm_ _Zmda, dmMH$m§À`m {dMmam§da
hmoD$Z Ë`m§Mr Ë`m doiMr g_ñ`m gwQ>Vo. Ë`mVyZ Vmo ~mhoa `oD$ eH$Vmo d Ë`m J«§Wm§Mm
Cn`moJ nyU© hmoVmo. `mMm AW© Ë`mMm Vmo àíZ, Vr g_ñ`m H$m`_ ñdê$nmV gwQ>Vo Ago
Zmhr Va nwÝhm CXmg dmQy> bmJbo Va Vmo nwÝhm Z¡amí` Xya H$aUmè`m J«§Wm§H$S>o, Ë`m
J«§Wm§À`m dmMZmH$S>o diÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm {Z_m©U hmoVo.
J«§Wm§Mr hr VmH$X S>m°. a§JZmWZ `m§Zm {Xgbr Am{U lr. _m_mgmho~ unto this
last gmaIm J«§W _. Jm§YtZm ~XbdyZ Q>mHy$ eH$Vmo, Va g§Vgm{hË`mMr, Ë`mVhr "J«§W
loð> kmZoídar' Ag§ Á`m lr Zm_Xodm§Zr dU©Z Ho$b§`, Ë`m kmZoídarMo loð>Ëd doJi§
gm§Jm`Mr JaO Zmhr.
J«W§ mb`m§Zr BVH§$M H$am`bm hd§ H$s "J«W§ m§Mm AMyH$ Cn`moJ hmoBb
© ' Aer H¥$Vr
H$am`bm hdr, VaM àm. a§JZmWZ `m§M§ AmnU Ia§ ñ_aU Ho$b§ Ag§ åhUVm `oB©b.
BWo _bm ~mobmdë`m~Ôb d _mPo {dMma em§VnUo EoH$y U KoVë`m~Ôb g§`moOH$m§Mo
_r _Z…nyd©H$ Am^ma _mZVmo.
J«W
§ mb`rZ ^` : e¡j{UH$ n`m©daUmVrb
ZH$mamË_H$ ^mdZm
lr. {demb XÎmmÌ` ~mnVo
ghm`H$ J«§Wnmb, {dÚmnrR> J«§Wmb`,
g§V JmS>Jo~m~m A_amdVr {dÚmnrR>, A_amdVr
vishal_bapte@rediffmail.com
àñVmdZm
(àm. Eg. Ama. a§JZmWZ `m§À`m O`§Vr{Z{_Îm nwÊ`mÀ`m H°$. lr. lr. X. VWm _m_mgmho~
Xoenm§S>o gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mV {Xbobo ì`m»`mZ.)
J«§Wmb`rZ ^` åhUOo _mZ{gH$ Am{U dV©dUwH$sÀ`m AZwf§JmZo J«§Wmb`mÀ`m
gm{ZÜ`mV `oUmar AAmZ§XXm`r ^mdZm qH$dm ^md{ZH$ pñWVr hmo`. gmYmaUV: J«W§ mb`
^``wº$ {dÚmWu {d{dY àH$maÀ`m ZH$mamË_H$ ^mdZm CXm. VmU, VUmd, ^`,
{dgH$irV {dMma~wÕr `m§_wio J«§Wmb`mMm H$m`©j_VoZo Cn`moJ H$ê$ eH$V ZmhrV.
AñdñWVm Aem ì`{º$_ÎdmMm ñWm{`^md AgVmo. Hw$bWmD$ (Kuhlthau, 1988,
1991) À`m _VmZwgma J«§Wmb`rZ ^` CnH«$_mMr gwédmV, {df` {ZdS>, H|$X«nydu
emoY, {df`H|${ÐV emoY, _m{hVr Jmoim H$aUo Am{U emoY g_már `m _m{hVremoYZ
à{H«$`oÀ`m ghm Q>ßß`m§_Yo AZw^dmg `oV.o _m{hVr gmjaVm H$m`©H$« _mMm A^md, e¡j{UH$
g§ñWoMr gm_m{OH$ g§aMZm, V§ÌkmMm gImob dmna, H$_©Mmar Am{U Cn^moº$o `m§À`mVrb
g_Ýd`mMm A^md B. KQ>H$ J«§Wmb`rZ ^` dmT>{dÊ`mg H$maUr^yV R>ê$ eH$VmV.
gVV dmT>V OmUmao J«W§ mb`rZ ^` Cn^moº$çmÀ`m Ñï>rZo J«W§ mb`rZ g§gmYZo dmnaVmZm
_mZ{gH$ AS>Wim n`m©`mZo AñdñWVm V`ma H$aVmV. `mda Vmo _mV H$ê$ eH$ë`mg
Ë`mMr ñd`§-H$m`©j_Vm dmT>V.o ñd`§-H$m`©j_Vm Am{U J«W§ mb`rZ ^` ho nañnanyaH$
AmhoV. ñd`§-H$m`©j_Vm {OVH$s OmñV {VVHo$ J«§Wmb`rZ ^` ho H$_r AgVo. Á`m
{R>H$mUr J«§Wmb`rZ ^` A{VOmñV AgVo, Ë`m {R>H$mUr ñd`§-H$m`©j_Vm nyU©nUo
H$_r Pmbobr AgVo.
H$m°ÝñQ§>g E. _obZ (Constance A. Mellon) Zo gd©àW_ J«§Wmb`rZ ^`
(Library Anxiety) hr g§km J«§Wmb`mMm Cn`moJ H$aVmZm {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m _mZ{gH$
pñWVrMo dU©Z H$aVmZm Cn`mo{Obr Amho. Ë`m§À`m Aä`mgmV Ago AmT>iZy Ambo H$s,
75 Vo 85 Q>¸$o {dÚmÏ`mªZr Ë`m§Mr gwédmVrMr à{H«$`m ^rVr Am{U H$miOrÀ`m ñdê$nmV
ì`º$ Ho$br Amho. Ë`m§Zr hadë`mMm AZw^d KoVbobm Amho. hadë`mgmaIo dmQ>Uo hr
^mdZm Mma H$maUm§nmgyZ CËnÎmrg `oVo : J«§Wmb`mMm AmH$ma; dñVy Z¸$s H$moRo> Amho
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 22
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 23
`mg~§Yr kmZmMm A^md; gwédmV H$er H$amdr?; H$m` H$am`Mo Amho?. _m{hVr
emoYZmÀ`m à{H«$`oV gwadmVrbm A{VCËgmh dmQ>V Agbm Varhr Z§VaÀ`m Q>ßß`mV
AZw^dmg `oUmè`m {ZameoMr ^mdZm, Jm|Yi, WH$dm, An`emMr ^mdZm, AH$m`©j_Vm,
H$miOr Am{U hadbonUmMr ^mdZm `m_wio emoYH$Ë`m©Zo _m{hVr emoYà{H«$`m Wm§~dbobr
AgyZ qH$dm Á`m doigo hr à{H$«`m Wm§~bobr AgVo, Ë`m doigo emoYH$Ë`mª_Ü`o `m gd©
^mdZm§Mm g§Mma {XgyZ `oVmo.
J«W
§ mb`rZ ^`mMr H$maUo
{Z`VH$m{bH$mVrb boI emoYUo, hì`m Agboë`m J«§WmMm Vnerb {_idUo,
àboI Ama{jV H$aUo, g^mgX gÚ…pñWVr VnmgUo hr H$m`© Ë`m§Zr nma nmS>mdr
Aer Anojm Ho$br OmVo. `m{edm` Am°ZbmB©Z S>mQ>m~ogog, g§Ho$VñWio,
BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ J«§W `m§Mm Cn`moJXoIrb g§JUH$mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ hmoUo Ano{jV
Amho. `m ZdrZ _m{hVr n[apñWVrH$sbm Š`wZ {OAmo Am{U A°WÝWZr AmoÝdoJ~wPr
`m§Zr V§ÌkmZmZo bJS>bobo Omio (a technology laden information
network) Ago åhQ>bo Amho. {Z`{_V emoY àUmë`m§nj
o m (search engine)
Am°ZbmB©Z S>mQ>m~ogMm Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mH$[aVm {deof H$m¡eë` Amdí`H$ Amho.
CXm. EImXm g§emoYH$ àmo¹o$ñQ> S>mQ>m~og JwJb dmnaVmo Ë`mà_mUo _w»` eãX
emoY Mm¡H$Q>rV Q§>H${b{IV H$ê$Z emoYy eH$Vmo. na§Vw g§emoYH$ Amnbo ImVo
CKSy>Z, {df`-Cn{df`{Zhm` H$ßno V`ma H$ê$Z, _m{hVr {d{eï> e¡br_Ü`o
gmR>dZy , Amnë`m {df`mer g~§{YV VËna (alert) godMo m Cn`moJ H$ê$Z àmo¹$o ñQ>
S>mQ>m~ogMm Cn`moJ A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m àH$mao hmoD$ eH$Vmo. A{Vì`mnH$ emoY
KoÊ`mMr j_Vm, ~w{bAZ Am°naoQ>aMm dmna, àm¡pŠg_rQ>r Am°naoQ>g© Am{U Q´>§ H$o eZ
AmXr KQ>H$m§Mm Cn`moJ H$gm H$am`Mm ho _mhrV Zgë`m_wio gm_mÝ`
Cn`moJH$Ë`m©Mr pñWVr \$maM dmB©Q> hmoD$ eH$Vo. Ë`m_wio g§JUH${Zhm` àd¥Îmr
Am{U AmYw{ZH$ J«§Wmb`rZ g§gmYZo `m§Mm Cn^moº$mdJm©da ZH$mamË_H$ à^md
nSy>Z Ë`m§À`m J«§Wmb`rZ ^`mV dmT> hmoD$ eH$Vo. ZdrZ `§Ìo, gmYZo, Am°naoqQ>J
{gñQ>__Ybm ~Xb, qàQ>a, H$m°nrAa,B§Q>aZoQ> `m_wio ì`º$sg Agwa{jV, AñdñW
(uncomfortable) dmQy> eH$Vo.
J«§Wmb`mg~§Yr A{^kmZm_Ü`o _w»`V: Cn`moJH$Ë`m©bm J«§Wmb`mg~§YrÀ`m
AZwfJ§ mZo {H$Vr gwa{jV dmQ>Vo `mMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. J«W§ mb`mer OmñV OdirH$
Zgob åhUOo J«§Wmb`mMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr _moR>çm à_mUmV Zgob
Va {Zamem, ^` Am{U J«W§ mb`mg Q>miUo AmXtH$So> H$b {XgyZ `oVmo. J«W§ mb`mer
gwgJ§ VVm (comfort) hr J«W§ mb` {H$Vr gwa{jV, ñdmJVmoËgwH$ Am{U _¡ÌrnyU©
Amho `m~m~V {ZX}e H$aVo. `mda {dÚmÏ`mªMo J«W§ mb`mg~§Yr {Z`_, n[a{Z`_,
J«§Wmb`mVrb {d{dY {d^mJ, J«§Wmb`mÛmao nwa{dë`m OmUmè`m godm,
J«§Wmb`mVrb EHy$U g§gmYZo `mg~§Yr kmZmMm n[aUm_ hmoVmo.
J«§Wmb`rZ ^` ho AZoH$ H$maUm§Zr CX²^dy eH$Vo - Ogo e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr
Amnbr _m{hVrgmYZo Cn^moº$çm§n`©V ZoÊ`mV H$_r nS>U,o _m{hVrgmYZm§n`©V nmohMm`Mo
H$go `mg~§Yr ñnï>rH$aUmV H$_r nS>Uo Am{U g§ñWoV gH$mamË_H$ H$m`©àUmbrMm
A^md. `m{edm` J«§Wmb`mMm Cn`moJ KoUmè`m ì`º$sÀ`m _mZ{gH$ Am{U ~m¡{ÕH$
{dMmaàUmbrdahr ho Adb§~Zy AgVo. Imbrb H$mhr H$maUm§MmXoIrb J«W§ mb`rZ ^`
dmT>{dÊ`mÀ`m H$maUm§_Yo g_mdoe H$aVm `oB©b.
· J«W§ {dH«$o Ë`m§À`m gd©gmYmaU dJ©dmarnojm àboIm§Mo _w»` {df` d Cn{df` `m§Zgw ma
emór` aMZm H$aÊ`mH$[aVm J«§Wmb`o {Z`§{ÌV eãXmW© (controlled
vocabulary) Am{U ~moYm§H$ `m§Mm AZoH$ dfmªnmgyZ Cn`moJ H$arV AmhoV.
hdm Vmo àboI {_idVmZm hr nÕVr g~§{YVmZo g_OyZ ¿`mdr Aer J«W§ mb`mMr
Anojm AgVo. na§Vw ~moYm§H$ åhUOo H$m`, Vo H$go H$m`© H$aVo, AmonH° $ d do~AmonH° $
`m{df`r kmZ ZgUmè`m, WmoS>Š`mV, g§JUH$ Hw$eb ZgUmè`m Cn^moŠË`m§_Ü`o
J«§Wmb`rZ ^` dmT>Ê`mg H$maUr^yV R>ê$ eH$Vo. _J H$nmQ>mdarb hdm Vmo J«§W
{_iUo XyaM amhVo.
· Xwb©j, CÕQ>nUm, YmH$XnQ>em, AghH$m`©nyU© dmJUyH$, Ah§_Ý` d AT>r~mO
H$_©Mmar dJ© J«§Wmb`mMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoÊ`mg BÀNw>H$ Agboë`m ì`º$sg
gmhmæ` _mJÊ`mnmgyZ namd¥Îm H$aVmV. dmñV{dH$V: H$_©Mmar dJ© hm J«W§ mb`mMr
g§gmYZo Am{U Cn^moº$mdJ© ømVrb Xwdm Amho, na§Vw Aem àH$maMr ZH$mamË_H$
^mdZm Oa Cn^moº$çm§_Ü`o OÝ_mg `oV Agob Va J«W§ mb`mVrb H$_©Mmar dJ© hm
Ë`m§À`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ AZmdí`H$ KQ>H$ R>aVmo.
· AmOÀ`m g§JUH$ `wJmV J«W§ , H$_©Mmar dJ© Am{U dmMH$ `mÀ`m BVH$mM g§JUH$
hmXoIrb _hÎdmMm KQ>H$ Pmbm Amho. _m{hVrMr gmR>dU, aMZm Am{U àgma
`mH$[aVm g§JUH$àUmbrMm Cn`moJ _m{hVr ì`mdgm{`H$m§H$Sy>Z hmoUo Ano{jV
Amho. `mCbQ> Cn^moº$çmdJm©H$[aVm g§JUH$àUmbr hm J«W§ mb`rZ g§gmYZm§n`©V
nmohM{dÊ`mMm EH$ àdoe _mJ© Amho. Amon°H$ qH$dm do~ Amon°H$À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
eoam°Z ~moñQ>rH$ (Sharon L. Bostic) Zo JwUH$ {díbofU (factor analysis)
Mm dmna H$ê$Z H$_©Mmar dJm©gmo~V à{V~§Y/AS>Wim, n[aUm_H$maH$ KQ>H$,
J«§Wmb`mgmo~V ghOVm, J«§Wmb`m~m~V A{^kmZ Am{U `m§{ÌH$ AS>WSo> `m nmM
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 24
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 25
·
J«W
§ mb`rZ ^`mMo nydJ© m_r KQ>H$
KQ>H$m§Mm J«W§ mb`rZ ^`mda n[aUm_ H$aUmè`m nydJ© m_r KQ>H$m§Mm (antechedents
of library anxiety) C„oI Ho$bm Amho. J«§Wmb`rZ ^`mMo nyd©Jm_r KQ>H$ ho
_ZmoaMZmË_H$, n[apñWVrOÝ` d ~mø n[apñWVrOÝ` Ago AgVmV. _ZmoaMZmË_H$
nyd©KQ>H$m§_Yo ñdV:À`m d¡Mm[aH$ nmVirVyZ J«§Wmb`rZ dmVmdaUmV {Z_m©U hmoUmè`m
KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. n[apñWVrOÝ` nydK© Q>H$m§_Yo J«W§ mb`mÀ`m ñdê$nmMm g_mdoe
hmoVmo. na§Vw darb XmoÝhtMm AndmX dJiyZ J«§Wmb`rZ ^`mda n[aUm_ H$aUmao
n[apñWVrOÝ` nyd©Jm_r KQ>H$ {ZpíMVnUo gm§JVm `oV ZmhrV. EH$ Jmoï> _mÌ Z¸$s H$s
øm KQ>H$m§Mm dmJUyH$ Am{U _mZ{gH$Voda gH$mamË_H$ Am{U ZH$mamË_H$ Agm à^md
nSy> eH$Vmo.
n[apñWVrOÝ` KQ>H$
_ZmoaMZmË_H$ nydK
© Q>H$
· J«§Wmb`mMm AmH$ma
· ñd`§-à{Vð>m
· R>md{R>H$mUmg§~§YrÀ`m kmZmMm A^md
· ñd`§-g§H$ënZm
· H$m`©nÕVrg§~§YrÀ`m kmZmMm A^md
· ñd`§-AmH$bZ
· H$_©Mmar dJm©gmo~V à{V~§Y-AS>Wim· nyUË© ddmX
AQ>H$md
· e¡j{UH$ MmbT>H$b
· WoQ> n[aUm_OÝ` AS>Wio
· Aä`mg nÕVr
· H$_©Mmar dJm©gmo~V ghOVm
· Amem
· `m§{ÌH$ AS>Wio
· gm_m{OH$ namdb§{~Ëd
· J«§Wmb`mMm AmamIS>m Am{U gOmdQ>
↑
← J«W§ mb`rZ ^`
· J«§Wmb` Cn`moJmMm CÔoe
↓
· J«§Wmb`rZ {ZX}e Aä`mgdJm©Mr g§»`m
~mø n[apñWVrOÝ` KQ>H$
· J«§Wmb`rZ ^oQ>rMr dma§dmaVm
· qbJ
· XOm© qH$dm à_mUHo$ `m§Mr gamgar
· d`
· e¡j{UH$ qMVm (CXm. gm§p»`H$s ^`)
· ñWm{ZH$ ^mfm
· g§JUmon`moJ H$b
· ì`dgm`
· g§ J UH$ qH$dm B§ Q > a Zo Q > M r Kar qH$dm
· J«§Wmb`mMo {d{eï>
H$V©ì`ñWir CnbãYVm
XoemVrb ñWmZ
· g§JUH$mÛmao _m{hVr emoYVmZm Ho$bobm
· Aä`mg df©
^mfoMm Cn`moJ
· d§e
· kmZJ«hU e¡br
(ómoV : Am|ÝdoJ~wPr, E. Oo, {OAmo Š`w. Or. Am{U ~moñQ>rH$, Eg (2004)
EImÚm {dÚmÏ`m©À`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ darbn¡H$s H$moUVo nyd©KQ>H$ J«§Wmb`rZ ^`
dmT>{dÊ`mÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ n[aUm_H$maH$ R>aVmV, ho OmUyZ KoUo Amdí`H$ R>aVo.
J«W§ nmb ho ^` H$_r H$aÊ`mH$[aVm Amdí`H$ {ZX}eZnÕVr A_bmV AmUyZ {dÚmÏ`mªMr
J«§Wmb`rZ g§gmYZm§Mr Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm dmT>dy eH$Vmo. Š`wZ {OAmo Am{U
A°ÝWZr AmoÝdoJ~wPr øm§Zm Ë`m§À`m g§emoYZmV g§JUH$s` {ZX}e, Am°ZbmB©Z godmgw{dYm, qbJ, Aä`mgmMo df©, ñWm{ZH$ ^mfm, J«W§ mb`rZ ^oQ>rMr dma§dmaVm, gh^mJr
Pmbobo J«§Wmb`rZ Aä`mgH«$_, J«§Wmb` Cn`moJmMr H$maUo `m§gmaIo J«§Wmb`rZ ^`
dmT>{dUmar H$mhr Mb KQ>H$ AmT>iyZ Ambo AmhoV.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 26
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 27
J«W
§ mb`rZ ^`mMo ZH$mamË_H$ n[aUm_
J«W§ mb`rZ ^` H$_r-A{YH$ à_mUmV AmT>iZy `oV Agë`m_wio {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m
kmZJ«hU j_Voda Am{U EHy$UM {ejU àgmamda `mMm dmB©Q> à^md nS>Vmo. `m_wio
Ho$di _mZ{gH$ Am{U {Z{_©Vrerb j_VodaM n[aUm_ hmoV Zmhr, Va EImXm gmYm
àboI {_idUoXoIrb H$R>rU hmoD$Z ~gVo. Ë`mVhr ZdrZ J«§Wmb`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr ho
VÎd \$maM à^mdr R>aVo. ~aoMXm {dÚmWu _m{hVrMm emoY KoÊ`mMoM Wm§~dVmo.
J«§Wmb`rZ ^`mer g~§{YV H$mhr ZH$mamË_H$ n[aUm_ Imbrbà_mUo AmhoV.
· H$m`©j_VoV KQ>
· J«§Wmb` d H$_©Mmar dJ© `m§Zm Q>miUo.
· e¡j{UH$Ñï>çm AmË_{dídmgmMm A^md
· _ôÎdnyU© J«§Wmb`rZ g§gmYZm§Mm H$_r Cn`moJ
· gImob Aä`mgmMm A^md
· _m{hVremoYZ à{H«$`oV MwH$sMr àd¥Îmr, VH©$g§JVr {dH${gV hmoUo
· J«§Wmb`mer g~§{YV H$m_o H$aVmZm gmYmaU H$m`©nÕVr
· d¡km{ZH$ _mZ{gH$VoMm A^md
`m n[aUm_m§gmo~VM J«§Wmb`rZ ^`mda CnbãY gm{hË`mV J«§Wmb`mMm
H$m`©j_VoZo Am{U Hw$ebVoZo Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoÊ`mV ho VÎd H$go hm{ZH$maH$ Amho, `mV
EH$dmŠ`Vm {XgyZ `oV.o
J«W
§ mb`rZ ^` e_{dUo
J«m{gAZ Am{U H°$ßbmo{dQ²>P `m§Zr nwT>rb H$mhr Cnm``moOZm J«W§ mb`rZ H$miOr
e_{dÊ`mÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ {Xë`m AmhoV.
·
J«W§ mb`rZ {ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ g§emoYZna boI, J«W§ mMm {d{eï> ^mJ, bKwemoY
à~§Y {_idUo qH$dm Am°ZbmB©Z g§X^© gm{hË` Ogo eãXH$moe, {dídH$moe,
hmVmiÊ`mH$[aVm J«W§ mb`rZ Vm{bH$mnÌo, AmonH° $, do~Am°nH° $ Am{U S>mQ>m~oggo
`m~Ôb à{ejU XoUo.
· g§JUH$mMm Cn`moJ H$aVmZm Cn`moJH$Ë`m©bm ghOgwb^ dmQ>Ê`mH$[aVm
ghmZw^wVrXe©H$ Am{U CÎmoOZmË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ ~miJUo.
· VUmd{dhrV à{ejUdJ© Am`mo{OV H$ê$Z V§ÌkmZmMo {ejU àXmZ hmoD$ eH$Vo.
`m{edm` J«§Wmb`rZ àUmbrMo _yb^yV kmZ XoD$Z BVa ñdê$nmÀ`m VËg_
àUmbrg g_OyZ KoÊ`mMr nmÌVm dmT>{dÊ`mg _XV H$aVm `oD$ eH$Vo.
· g_yh {ZX}eZmV J«W§ mb`rZ ^` H$_r H$aÊ`mMm EH$ _mJ© åhUOo \$bH$, pâbnMmQ©>
qH$dm nm°danm°BQª > gmXarH$aUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {dH$gZerb _m{hVremoY à{H«$`m
`Wmo{MV ñnï>rH$aUmgh XmIdUo.
· S>mù
o `mg_moa {MÌ C^o H$arb Aem a§Jg§JVrMm dmna H$ê$Z {d{eï> {MÝhm§H$ZmMm
dmna.
{d{eï> Cn^moº$çmÀ`m JaOoVyZ gH$mamË_H$ Ñï>rZo ^`, e§H$m, Jm|Yi, VmU,
Jm¡UnUmMr ^mdZm H$_r H$aUo Am{U _m{hVremoY à{H«$`oV H$m` Am{U H$go H$am`Mo
`mH$[aVm _m{hVr gmjaVm dJ© Am`mo{OV H$aUo hm gdm}ËH¥$ï> _mJ© hmo`. nma§narH$
{ejU nÕVrÀ`m à`moJm~amo~aM H$m`©j_ kmZYmaUm nÕV, g§JUH$ gmhmæ`^yV
{ZX}e, {dÚmWu H|$ÐrV à{ejU, ñd`§ñ\y$V© {ejU `m§gma»`m nÕVtMm Cn`moJ Ho$bm
nm{hOo. ZH$mamË_H$ ^mdZm Zï> H$ê$Z ñd`§H$m`©j_Vm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r {d{dY kmZ
àXmZ H$aUmè`m nÕVtMm Cn`moJ Ho$bm nm{hOo; H$maU hrM ZH$mamË_H$ ^mdZm _m{hVr
gmjaVm H$_Hw$dV H$ê$ eH$Vo. åhUyZ `m nmíd©^y_rda J«§Wmb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m§Mm
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kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 37
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kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 39
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XoemVrb J§«Wnmbm§Zr Agm à`moJ H$am`bm H$m` haH$V Amho.
Adm§Va dmMZgm{hË`mMm àgma hmoÊ`mgmR>r am~{dbo OmUmao
CnH«$_
1. H$nSo> IaoXrda nwñVH$m§Mr ^oQ>
ZmdrÝ`nyU© H$ënZm am~{dÊ`mMr H$ënH$Vm hr nwUoH$am§Mr Img AmoiI Amho.
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CnpñWV hmoVo.
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2. AmZ§XmMm ì`mnma !
AmOH$mb nwñVH$mMr XwH$mZo nydugmaIr H$_r OmJoV ZgVmV. nwñVH§$ MmiUo,
~KUo hm EH$ AZw^d AgVmo. Ë`mbm ì`mdgm{`H$ ~mOy Amho ho Iao nU bmoH$m§À`m
[aH$må`m doioMm \$m`Xm KoVbm Zmhr Va ì`mdgm{`H$ H$gbo. Am°Šg\$S©> ~wH$ñQ>moa,
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Iao Va AmnU Iyn doi OmJm AS>dyZ ~gVmo nU Vo BWo _m\$ Amho. Zoh_rÀ`m
YH$mYH$sÀ`m OrdZmV Oam H$mhr doJio Ho$ë`mMm AmZ§X `mV {_iVmo.
3. dmMZmZ§Xm§gmR>r ~wH$ H°$\o$
~wH$ ñQ>mA
o a_Ü`o bmC§OgmaIm AmZ§X {_imdm `mgmR>r AmVm "{gQ>r Am°\$ Om°`'
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nrV nwñVHo$ dmMÊ`mMm AmZ§X {_iUma Amho. "ñQ>mao r' Ago `m ~wH$ H°$\o$Àmo Zmd Amho.
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Amho. {b{hÊ`mgmR>r n°S>g,² nopÝgb Ro>dboë`m AmhoV, Ë`m_wio Vwåhr Vwåhmbm Oo dmQ>Vo
Vo {bhÿZ Ro>dy eH$Vm. nwñVH$ào_rgmR>r hr _oOdmZr AgyZ n|p½dZMr VrZ hOma nwñVHo$
{VWo AmhoV. `oWo `oD$Z bmoH$m§Zr H$Wm dmMmì`mV, {bhmì`mV, gm§Jmì`mV, {MÌmV
_m§S>mì`mV Aer Anojm Amho Ago `m H°$\o$Mo à_wI {gÕmW© nmZgar `m§Mo _V Amho.
"n|p½dZ' `m {R>H$mUr àH$m{eV Z Pmbobr nwñVHo$hr Ro>dUma Amho VgoM H$mhr Xw{_©i
nwñVHo$hr Ro>dUma AmhoV. hm 15 hOma ñ¹o$Aa \w$Q>m§Mm nwñVH$m§Mm _m°b AgyZ VoWo
AZoH$ H$monao Ago Ro>dbo AmhoV {OWo OmD$Z Vwåhr dmMy eH$Vm, {MÌ H$mTy> eH$Vm,
H$WmH$WZ H$ê$ eH$Vm H$mobH$Vmdm{g`m§gmR>r hm doJim AZw^d Amho.
OJmVrb ~wH$ H°$\o$
1. X J«mC§S²>g A°boŠgm§{S´>`m, Am°ñQó>{b`m
2. X pìh§Qo>O E§nmo[a`_, b§S>Z
3. hm°Qo>b g|Q´>b A±S> H°$\o$, H$monZhoJZ
4. ~mbP°H$ Q>moam§Q>mo
5. bmo{gìhm Wr, n°[ag
6. bm {S>pñQ´>ã`wQ>mBg, _m±{Q´>`b
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7.
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pg³H$H$ma ~°H$o Z 7 ñQ>mH° $hmo_
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brbr ìh°{Zbr, b§S>Z
4. PmS>mImbr nwñVH$ à«H$meZ
nwUo `oWo AjaYmam ~wH$ J°bar_Ü`o PmS>mImbr nwñVH$ àH$meZ d Jßnm§Mm
H$m`©H$« _ H$aÊ`mMr gmo` Amho. `mVyZ boIH-$dmMH$m§À`m ^oQ>r hmoVmV. ZdrZ H$ënZm§da
MMm© hmoVo. H$mhtZm {Zdm§VnUo nwñVHo$ dmMVm `oVmV.
H$mhtZm nwñVHo$ nadS>V ZmhrV Ë`m§Zm nwÊ`mV AJXr añË`mda ghOJË`m A{Ve`
Xw{_©i nwñVHo$ Zm__mÌ {H$_VrV {_iyZ OmVmV. H$mhr {R>H$mUr Va nwñVHo$ ^mS>çmZo
{_iVmV, nU Vr ~hwYm Aä`mgmMr AgVmV.
g_mamon
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nwañH$ma XoD$Z Jm¡a{dÊ`mV `oVo. dmMH$m§Zm dmMZmb`mV `oÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r
AZoH$ {R>H$mUr doJdoJio CnH«$_ am~{dbo OmVmV. `m Jmoï>tMm {dMma H$ê$Z
emim§-_hm{dÚmb`m§Zrhr {d{dY CnH«$_m§Mo Am`moOZ H$amdo. Ë`m_wio J§W« mb`m§Mm dmna
dmTo>b Ë`mM~amo~a Adm§Va dmMZgm{hË`mMm àMma Am{U àgma hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoD$
eHo$b.
g§X^© gyMr
1.
2.
3.
4.
_ramVmB©, (11 gßQ|>~a 2013). {dñ_aUeŠVr. Retrieved from http://
www.misalpav.com (accessed on 13.07.2014)
Adm§Va dmMZgm{hË` hrM {eXmoar. (02 Am°JñQ> 2008). Retrieved from
In http://www.manatala.wordpress.com (accessed on
13.07.2014)
A_o`, B©-~wŠg Am{U nwñVHo$. (15 \o$~«dw mar 2013). Retrieved from
http://www.maayboli.com (accessed on 12.07.2014)
gmdo, dg§V. (2009). embo` J§W« mb`o. Zm{eH$ : `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´>
_wŠV {dÚmnrR> àH$meZ. n¥.29, 4.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 43
5.
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Xoenm§So>, E. ìhr., (2009). J§«Wmb`mMm {dH$mg Am{U Ë`m§Mo g_mOmVrb
H$m`©. Zm{eH$ : `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> àH$meZ. n¥.7.
agmi, gwYra. (28 \o$~«wdmar 2012). Adm§Va dmMZgm{hË` Aä`mgH«$_mMm
^mJ Pmbm VaM Zdr {nT>r dmMo b . Retrieved from http://
divyamarathi.bhaskar.com (accessed on 12.07.2014)
nwñVH$m§er _¡Ìr VwQ>Vo`. (23 E{àb 2014). Retrieved from In http://
marathi.yahoo.com (accessed on 12.07.2014)
åhmÌo, _hoe. nwñVH$m§À`m Odi OmVm Ambo nm{hOo. (22 E{àb 2012).
{díd nwñVH$m§M.o Retrieved from http://maheshmhatre.blogspot.in
(accessed on 12.07.2014)
H$UoH$a, à{V^m. (a{ddma 14 gßQ|>~a 2014). CÚmMo dmMH$ KS>{dÊ`mgmR>r
A_o[aHo$Vrb à`ËZ. bmoH$_V. bmoH$a§J. n¥. 2.
10. VéUmB© H$aVo` dmMZmMm gJOVoZo {dMma. (21 OmZodmar 2011). Retrieved
J«W
§ mb` g§JUH$sH$aU H$aUmè`m kmZemIm
àm. aUOrV Y_m©nwarH$a
_m{hVr emñÌk, ñdm_r am_mZ§X VrW© _amR>dmS>m {dÚmnrR>, Zm§XoS>
dranjit29@gmail.com
S>m°. _oYm aUOrV Y_m©nwarH$a
J«§Wnmb, _{hbm _hm{dÚmb`, Zm§XoS>
medhadharmapurikar28@gmail.com
9.
from In http://epaper.esakal.com/esakal (accessed on
12.07.2014)
11. {MniwUH$a, {dîUwemór. ({S>g~| a 2004 Vo \o$~«dw mar 2005). dmMZ {dÚmb`
: B©-àH$meZo. kmZJ§JmoÌr. `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> àH$meZ.
n¥.29.
12. H$nSo> IaoXrda nwñVH$m§Mr ^oQ>. (e{Zdma, 4 AmŠQ>m~o a 2014). X¡. bmoH$gÎmm,
nwUo d¥Îmm§V, n¥. 3.
13. AmZ§XmMm ì`mnma. (e{Zdma, 4 AmŠQ>m~o a 2014). X¡. bmoH$gÎmm, nwUo d¥Îmm§V,
n¥. 4.
14. dmMZmZ§Xm§gmR>r ~wH$ H°$\o$. (e{Zdma, 4 AmŠQ>mo~a 2014). X¡. bmoH$gÎmm,
nwUo d¥Îmm§V, n¥. 4.
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J«§Wmb` g§JUH$sH$aUmMr JaO Ho$di J«§Wmb`rZ H$_©Mmè`m§Zm Zmhr Va
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dmna ho H$maUgwÕm H$m§hr A§er H$maUr^yV Amho, Á`m_wio J«§Wmb`rZ H$_©Mmar d
dmMH$ dJ© `m§Zm Ë`m Amdí`H$VoMr OmUrd Pmbr. BVa joÌm§Vrb g§JUH$sH$aUmÀ`m
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_oH°${ZH$b bm`~«arMm emoY bmdyZ Ho$bm. Ë`mbm Ë`m§Zr _o_oŠg Ago Zmd {Xbo. Ë`mV
doJdoJù`m gyMr emoYñWmZmVyZ J«W§ emoYUo eŠ` hmoV Ago. J«W§ mb` g§JUH$sH$aUmMo
à`ËZ 1960 gmbr gwê$ Pmbo. 1980 _Ü`o Ooìhm _mBH«$mo H$m°åß`wQ>aMm àgma Pmbm
VoìhmnmgyZ J«§Wmb` g§JUrH$aUmbm JVr àmá Pmbr. Q>obrH$å`w{ZHo$eZ V§ÌkmZ Am{U
B§Q>aZoQ>_wio Va A_ybmJ« ~Xb {Xgy bmJbm. åhUyZM J«§Wmb`rZ g§JUH$sH$aUmMm
EImXm Aä`mgH«$_mV AgUo Amdí`H$ dmQy> bmJbo. `mV àm_w»`mZo J«§Wmb`
g§JUH$sH$aUmMr JaO, Cn`moJ d Ë`mg§~§YrMr nmíd©^y_r `m§Mm g_mdoe `mV AgUo
Ano{jV Amho. J«§Wmb` g§JUH$sH$aUmMo KQ>H$, J«§Wmb`rZ g§JUH$sH$aUmMr àË`j
{Xem, Ë`mV J«§Wmb` g§JUH$sH$aUmMo {Z`moOZ, A§_b~OmdUr d ñnï>rH$aUmMm
C„oI Ho$bobm Agmdm. J«W§ mb` g§JUH$sH$aUmV _hÎd AgVo Vo S>Qo >m~ogMo. Ë`mH$[aVm
à_mUHo$ CXm. _mH©$, grgrE\$, `w{Z_mH©$, BË`mXrda _m{hVr XoUo C{MV R>aVo.
J«§Wmb`mVrb nS>Úm_mJrb H$m`m©Mo g§JUH$sH$aU CXm. J«§WmonO©Z, {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mo
ì`dñWmnZ, Vm{bH$sH$aU, J«W§ XodKod `m§Mmhr g_mdoe H$aUo AJË`mMo Amho. `mgmo~V
g§JUH$sH¥$V J«§Wmb`rZ godm CXm. àM{bV _m{hVr, OmJê$H$Vm godm, gyMr, àboI
nmoM g§X^©godm, BË`mXr godm `m g§JUH$mÛmao H$em àH$mao XoVm `oVmV `mMo VmpÎdH$ d
àmË`{jH$ kmZ XoUo C{MV R>aob.
AmO _m{hVr ì`dñWm PnmQ>çmZo ~XbV Amho. EImXm {ZU©` KoÊ`mH$[aVm
qH$dm g§ñWoMo CÎm_ ì`dñWmnZ H$aÊ`mH$[aVm R>amdrH$ nÕVr AZwgê$Z, g§H${bV
Ho$boë`m _m{hVrda à{H«$`m H$ê$Z g§ñWoÀ`m d Cn^moŠË`mÀ`m {hVmH$[aVm _m{hVrMo
àgmaU H$aUo åhUOo _m{hVr ì`dñWmnZ Amho. _m{hVr ì`dñWmnZ Mm§Jbo Agob Va
g§ñWm Mm§Jbo H$m`© H$ê$ eH$Vo. Cnamoº$ gd© ~m~r à{ejU KoUmè`m§Zm Mm§Jbo g_OmdyZ
Úmd`mMo Agob Va `m Aä`mgH«$_mV àW_ gÚ… n[apñWVrV doJdoJù`m g§ñWoV
H$m`m©pÝdV Agboë`m _m{hVr ì`dñWmnZmMr à{H«$`m, àH$ma, BË`mXr ~m~tMm g_mdoe
Ho$ë`mg _m{hVr ì`dñWmnZmMo _yë`_mnZ H$ê$Z Ë`mV gwYma d n[an¹$Vm gmYVm
`oBb
© . _m{hVrMr à{Vàmár d _m{hVr à{VàmárÀ`m doJdoJù`m AmH¥${V~§YmMm Aä`mg
hmhr Ë`mV g_m{dï> Agmdm. S>oQ>m, _m{hVr Am{U kmZ à{Vàmár `mVrb \$aH$ Ë`m§Zm
g_Obm nm{hOo. VÛVM _m{hVr à{VàmárMo emoYV§Ì _mhrV H$ê$Z XoUo `mV g_m{dï>
AmhoM. `mH$[aVm S>oQ>m~og Am{U [aboíZb S>oQ>m~og _°ZoO_oÝQ> nÕVr åhUOo H$m` ho
g_OyZ XoUo Ano{jV Amho. Ë`mVM _m{hVr V§ÌmMo ì`dñWmnZ Am{U {ZU©` ghm`H$
_m{hVr àUmbrÀ`m AmamIS>çmMr {eH$dU Ë`mV g_m{dï> Agmdr. kmZm{Y{ð>V
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 46
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 47
_m{hVr à{VàmárÀ`m V§ÌmMm Ë`mV g_mdoe Agm`bm nm{hOo. AmO gd©Ì ~mob~mbm
Amho Vmo {S>{OQ>b J«W§ mb`mMm. ^{dî`mVrb J«W§ mb`mMo Vo EH$ ñdê$n AgUma Amho d
Ë`m Ñï>rZo AmO nmdbo CMbbr OmV AmhoV. Ë`m Ñï>rZo {S>{OQ>b J«W§ mb` C^maUrÀ`m
à{H«$`oMo kmZ `mV g_m{dï> H$aUo AJË`mMo Amho. `mH$[aVm àmW{_H$Vm Amho Vr
S>oQ>m~ogMo ñWmnË`emñÌ, Ë`mMo {d{dY AmamIS>o d \$mB©b g§KQ>Z, Ë`m§Mr OnUyH$ d
{ZJm Am{U S>oQ>m~og V`ma H$aÊ`mMo V§Ì ho {eH$Ê`mMr. n[anyU© S>oQ>m _m°S>ob H$go Agy
eH$Vo, S>oQ>m, S>oQ>m _m°S>ob åhUOo H$m`, S>oQ>m~ogMm AmH¥${V~§Y åhUOo H$m`, S>oQ>m~og
V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$`m, dmMH$m§À`m {d{^Þ JaOoZgw ma V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambobo S>Qo >m~og,
ì`dñWmnZ à{H«$`oV {ZU©` KoÊ`mH$[aVm S>oQ>m~ogMr _m§S>Ur d ZdrZ CJ_ nmdboë`m
g§H$ënZm. CXm. S>oQ>mMo JmoXm_, S>oQ>m CËIZZ, S>oQ>m _emJV `mMo kmZ `m§V g_m{dï>
Agmdo.
J«W§ mb`o hr e§H$mg_mYmZmMr H|$Ð AmhoV. `mV {d{^Þ àH$maMo dmMH$, {d{dY
dmMZ{df`H$ e§H$m KoD$Z J«W§ mb`mV àdoe H$aVmV. e§H$m{ZagZ à{H«$`m `m g§JUH$s`
^mfoÀ`m _XVrZo H$em nma nmS>Vm `oD$ eH$Vrb `mMm gImob Aä`mg `mV Agmdm.
dmMH$mZo g§JUH$mbm EImXr e§H$m {dMmaë`mZ§Va Ë`mÀ`m CÎmamXmIb H$_r nU Zo_Ho$
{dH$ën dmMH$m§Zm nwadUmar EImXr g§JUH$s` ^mfoÀ`m aMZoMr AmoiI H$ê$Z Úmdr.
dmMH$m§ZrgwÕm Amnë`m e§H$m H$em ñdê$nmV _m§S>mì`mV ho {dZmgm`mg Ë`m§Zm AdJV
Pmbo nm{hOo. OoUo H$ê$Z H$_r doimV, H$_r l_mV AMyH$ CÎma {_idUo Ë`m§Zm gmono
OmB©b.
ZoQ>d{Hª$J Am{U _m{hVr _hmOmb åhUOo B§Q>aZoQ> `m dV©_mZ H$mimVrb J{Verb
g§àofU `§ÌUm åhUyZ CX`mg Amë`m AmhoV. `m `§ÌUoÀ`m KQ>H$mMm Aä`mg H$aUo
AmO J«§Wnmbm§Zm Amdí`H$ Pmbo Amho. `m `§ÌUoMo doJdoJio KQ>H$ CXm. g§JUH$
àUmbr, à_mUHo$, AmamIS>o, {Z`_, _m{hVr gwa{jVVm, BË`mXr V§ÌkmZm~Ôb AmO
gd©Ì OmJê$H$Vm {Z_m©U Pmbr Amho. XoemV J«§Wmb`mMo d _m{hVrMo Omio ^¸$_
H$aÊ`mH$[aVm `m V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. `mH$[aVm à{ejUmWvZm
ZoQ>d{Hª$JMo àH$ma, ZoQ>dH©$ V§ÌkmZ, ZoQ>dH©$ g§JUH$ àUmbr, g§JUH$s` ZoQ>dH©$ àñWm{nV
H$aÊ`mMo {d{dY àH$ma _mhrV H$ê$Z XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. `m gdmªMr AmOÀ`m
H$mimVrb dmMZ gmYZmMm g§`wº$ dmna H$aÊ`m_mJMr ^y{_H$m d _hÎd g_OmdyZ
gm§{JVbo nm{hOo. dmMZ gm{hË`mMo dmT>Vo Xa d H$_r hmoUmar Am{W©H$ VaVyX Aem
dmVmdaUmV dmMZ gm{hË`mÀ`m g§`ºw $ dmnamMo _hÎd nQ>dZy {Xbo nm{hOo. `mV g§`ºw $
dmnamMr g§H$ënZm, B{Vhmg, OmJ{VH$ nmVirdarb gmYZm§Mm g§`wº$ dmna, _m{hVr
AmXbm ~XbrMo à_mUHo$ CXm. `w{ZH$moS>, _mH©$, BË`mXr. J«W§ mb` d _m{hVr _hmOmbmMo
ì`dñWmnZ, Ë`mMm {dH$mg d {Z`§ÌU, B§Q>aZoQ>À`m {d{dY godm§Mr _m{hVr d
S>ãë`yS>ãë`yS>ãë`y gM© B§{OZ, `mdaMr {dñV¥V _m{hVr Ë`mV Ano{jV Amho. g§JUH$mÀ`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ {Xë`m OmUmè`m {d{dY _m{hVr godm§_wio J«§Wmb`mMr OZgm_mÝ`mVrb
à{V_m C§MmdUma Va AmhoM, nU Ë`mM~amo~a J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§MrgwÕm.
OmJ{VH$ ñVamda _m{hVrMo AmXmZàXmZ H$aÊ`mH$[aVm B§Q>aZoQ>Mm dmna _moR>çm
à_mUmV hmoV Amho. B§Q>aZoQ>_wio _m{hVrMo g§dY©Z H$aUo, A{Ve` d H$_r IMm©V
_m{hVr godm XoUo eŠ` Pmbo Amho. H$moUË`mhr g§ñWobm qH$dm ì`º$sbm ñdV…Mr _m{hVr
B§Q>aZoQ>Ûmao gd©Ì CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo eŠ` Pmbo Amho. _m{gHo$ qH$dm nwñVH$ n«H$meH$
Amnbr àH$meZo B§Q>aZoQ>da CnbãY H$ê$Z XoV AmhoV. `m_wio J«W§ mb` d _m{hVremñÌ
ñZmVH$m§Zm B§Q>aZoQ>darb dmMZ gm{hË`mMr _m{hVr XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`mV {ZewëH$
d gewëH$ `m XmoÝhr _m{hVr òmoV Ano{jV AmhoV. `m àm_w»`mZo B-OZ©ëg, B-~wŠg,
B-ao\$aÝg gmog}g, Am°Z bmB©Z S>mQ>m~ogog `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo.
B§Q>aZoQ>da CnbãY Agboë`m _m{hVr gmYZm§Mo {díbofU H$go H$amdo hm _hÎdmMm
^mJ Ë`mV g_m{dï> Ho$bm nm{hOo. `m Aem {díbofUmMr Amdí`H$Vm, à{H«$`m d
nÕVr `mda {dñV¥V MMm© Agbr nm{hOo.
{S>{OQ>b J«W§ mb` {dH$mg d Ë`mg§~Y§ rÀ`m Zì`m g§H$ënZm§Mm CX` `m ~m~tÀ`m
AÚ`mdV kmZmZo {dÚmWu AdJV Pmbm nm{hOo. {S>{OQ>b J«§Wmb`mÀ`m Aä`mgmV
dmMZ g§J«hmMm AmamIS>m, Ë`mÀ`m Cn`mo{JVoMm AmamIS>m, g§JUH$ d ZoQ>dH©$Mm
AmamIS>m, Vm§{ÌH$ AmamIS>m, _Zwî`~i d `m gd© AZwf§JmZo {S>{OQ>b J«§Wmb`
C^maUrMo Q>ßno g_OmdyZ gm§{JVbo nm{hOoV. AmYw{ZH$ _m{hVr à{H«$`oV H$ÝQ>oÝQ>
S>ìo hbn_|Q> hr g§H$ënZm H$mhr ZdrZ Zmhr, nU Zì`m AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZm_wio _m{hVrMo
g§J«hU d Ë`mMo àXe©Z H$aUo A{Ve` gmono Pmbo Amho. `mV B§Q>aZoQ>_wio ^a nS>br
Amho. H$ÝQ>oÝQ> S>oìhbn_|Q>Mo {díbofU d {dH$mg `m XmoÝhr ~m~r {dÚmÏ`mªZm AdJV
H$ê$Z XoUo JaOoMo Amho, H$maU AmYw{ZH$ J«W§ nmbmH$Sy>Z `m àH$maÀ`m H$m_mMr Anojm
AmO Ho$br OmV Amho. `mV n«m_w»`mZo H$ÝQ>oÝQ> S>oìhbn_|Q> åhUOo H$m`, H$ÝQ>oÝQ>
S>ìo hbn_|Q>À`m nÕVr d V§Ì VgoM H$ÝQ>Ýo Q> Am°aJZm`PoeZ `mda _m{hVr XoUo Ano{jV
Amho.
J«W§ mb` d _m{hVr godVo H$m_ H$aUmè`m§Zm g§JUH$emñÌ VÁkm§da nyUn© Uo {dg§~Zy
amhUo AmVm ì`dhm`© Zmhr. Ë`m_wio àmoJ«mq_J hm A{Ve` _hÎdmMm d J«§Wmb` d
_m{hVremñÌ ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr Xwb{© jboë`m {df`mMr àmW{_H$ _m{hVr d Ë`mg§~Y§ rMr
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 48
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 49
AmZwf§{JH$ KQ>H$m§Mr _m{hVr {Xë`mg J«§Wmb`rZ g§JUH$ àUmbr V`ma H$aÊ`m_mJMo
H$m`© d ahñ` Ë`m§Zm g_Omdë`mg ^anya _XV hmoUma Amho. àmoJ«m{_§J ^mfoMo àH$ma,
âbmoMmQ>vJ, AmbJ°[aW_, B. _m{hVr Ë`m§Zm _mhrV hmoUo Adí`H$ Amho.
Cnamoº$ Aä`mgboë`m EImÚm {df`mda {dÚmÏ`mªZr ñdV… Aä`mg d àmË`{jH$
H$ê$Z EImÚm àH$ënmda d¥Îmm§V gmXa H$amd`mg bmdbo Va Ë`m§Zm àË`j H$m_mMm
AZw^d KoVm `oUo eŠ` hmoBb
© .
AmYw{ZH$ J«W
§ mb` ì`dgm{`H$m§gmR>r
Amdí`H$ H$m¡eë` Am{U j_Vm
S>m°. amO|Ð {dÆ>b {MH$Q>o
Vm§{ÌH$ ghm`H$ (J«§Wmb`), O`H$a J«§Wmb`, gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo nwUo
{dÚmnrR>, nwUo
rvchikate@unipune.ac.in
AmOÀ`m _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ Am{U _m{hVr g§n«ofUmÀ`m `wJmV
AmO àË`oH$ joÌmVrb ì`mdgm{`H$mbm AÚ`mdV amhUo JaOoMo
Amho. `mbm J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ AndmX Agy eH$V Zmhr.
AÚ`mdV amhÊ`mgmR>r ì`dgm`mVrb H$m¡eë`m§Mm dmna Ho$bm Va
AÚ`mdVVm ghO eŠ` hmoD$Z J«§Wmb`rZ Cn`moOH$ Am{U
godH$m§À`m {hVmÀ`m Ñï>rZo `mo½` R>aUma Amho. H$m¡eë`mMm
n[apñWVrZwê$n `mo½` dmna Ho$bm Va J«§Wmb`rZ H$m`© Am{U godm
`mo½` nÕVrZo XoD$Z S>m.° Eg. Ama. a§JZmWZ `m§À`m n§MgyÌrMo nmbZ
H$aUo eŠ` hmoD$Z AmOÀ`m ñnYm©Ë_H$ `wJmV {Q>Hy$Z amhUo eŠ`
hmoUma Amho.
(_hÎdmÀ`m g§km … ì`mdgm{`H$ H$m¡eë`, ì`mdgm{`H$ j_Vm, J«§Wmb`rZ
H$m¡eë`)
1. àñVmdZm
AmOMo `wJ ho ñnY}Mo `wJ Amho. àË`oH$ ì`dgm`mV AmO Iyn _moR>çm à_mUmV
ñnY©H$ {Z_m©U hmoV AmhoV. Ë`mMo _w»` H$maU åhUOo _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmVrb {dH$mg
Am{U dmT> hmo`. Oar `m_wio ñnY©H$ {Z_m©U hmoV Agbo Var `mMmM dmna H$ê$Z
J«§Wmb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$ {Z_m©U hmoUmè`m ñnY©H$mda _mV H$ê$ eH$VmV. Ë`mgmR>r
gVV AÚ`mdV AgUo hr AmOÀ`m H$mimMr JaO ~Zbr Amho. H$maU V§ÌkmZ ho
jUmjUmbm ZdrZ ñdê$nmV g_moa `oV Amho. Ë`mgmR>r `mo½` Vr ì`dñWmnZ H$m¡eë`o
dmnê$Z J«§Wmb`rZ Cn`moOH$m§Zm `mo½` àH$mao godm XoUo eŠ` hmoUma Amho.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 50
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 51
AmOÀ`m BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _m{hVr~m~V qgJ godm (Sing Sewa, 1992) `m§Zr
23 dfmªnydu Ë`m§À`m boImV {b{hbo Amho H$s, "gÜ`m H$mhr à_mUmV _m{hVr hr
BbopŠQ´>H$b ñdê$nmV à{gÕ hmoV Amho. ^{dî`mV _mÌ _m{hVr gmYZo, {VMm g§J«h,
ì`dñWmnZ Am{U {dVaU qH$dm XodmUKodmU ho nyU©V… BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ñdê$nmV hmoUma
Amho' ho Ë`m§Mo åhUUo àË`jmV {XgyZ `oV Amho. _mÌ J«W§ mb`rZ godH$ Am{U J«W§ mb`rZ
H$m`© Am{U godm `mgmR>r bmJUmar gmYZo `mV AÚ`mdVVm `oUo Iyn JaOoMo Amho.
Ë`mgmR>r ì`dñWmnZ H$m¡eë`mMr JaO Amho.
H$mQ>P² (Katz, 1974) `m§À`m _Vo ì`dñWmnH$s` H$m¡eë`o VrZM àH$maMr
AmhoV. Vr åhUOo Vm§{ÌH$ H$m¡eë`, _mZdr H$m¡eë` Am{U H$ënZm{df`H$ H$m¡eë`.
`mM~amo~a nwT>rb H$m¡eë`mMmhr dmna ì`dñWmnZmV Ho$bm OmVmo. Ogo _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ
H$m¡eë`, _m{hVremoY Am{U à{Vàmár H$m¡eë`, nma§n[aH$ H$m¡eë`, ì`dñWmnH$s`
H$m¡eë`, g§àofU H$m¡eë`, gmXarH$aU H$m¡eë`, g§ajU Am{U OVZ H$m¡eë`, ÌwQ>r
{ZdmaU H$m¡eë`, doioMo ì`dñWmnZ H$m¡eë`, nwT>mH$ma KoÊ`mMo H$m¡eë`, {Z`§ÌU
H$m¡eë`, _yë`_mnZ Am{U _yë`{ZYm©aU H$m¡eë`, {ZU©` j_Vm H$m¡eë` Aem àH$maMr
gd© H$m¡eë`o dmnê$Z J«W§ mb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm Ë`m§À`m Cn`moOH$mgmR>r CËH¥$ï> Am{U
g_mYmZH$maH$ godm XoUo eŠ` hmoUma Amho.
2. ì`mdgm{`H$ H$m¡eë`mMr JaO
H$moUË`mhr ì`dgm`mH$S>o nm{hë`mZ§Va Amnë`mbm EH$ Jmoï> OmUdVo H$s, H$mbMm
ì`dgm`, AmOMm ì`dgm` Am{U CÚmMm ì`dgm` `m§V Zoh_rM ~Xb hmoV Ambobo
AmhoV d `mnwT>ohr Vo hmoV amhUma ho bjmV KoD$Z Ë`mZwgma Ë`mgmR>r bmJUmè`m
H$m¡eë`m_Ü`oXI
o rb `mo½` Vo ~Xb H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. AmO J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ
`m ì`dgm`mV AZoH$ ~Xb KS>V AmhoV. AZoH$ àH$meH$ Am{U _m{hVrMo g§H$bH$ ho
J«§Wmb`mer nyaH$ AmhoV. AZoH$ àH$meH$ Am{U _m{hVrMo g§H$bH$ ho J«§Wmb`mer
nyaH$ Aer _m{hVr godm XoÊ`mMm nyU©nUo à`ËZ H$aVmZm {XgyZ `oV AmhoV. CXm.
Am°ZbmB©Z S>Qo >m~oggo Am{U \o$S>-JoO (Fed-Gate) Aer gmYZo CnbãY Agë`m_wio
AmO Cn`moOH$, JǤWmb`mMr _XV Z KoVm hdr Agbobr _m{hVr {_i{dVmZm {XgyZ
`oV Amho. Ë`m_wio Vmo AmO J«§Wmb`mnmgyZ Xya OmV Amho H$s H$m` Ago dmQ>V Amho.
darb Jmoï>tMm Jm§^r`m©Zo {dMma H$ê$Z J«§Wmb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr åhUOoM
J«W§ mb`mV H$m_ H$aV Agboë`m àË`oH$mZo J«W§ mb`rZ godm Am{U H$m`m©gmR>r bmJUmar
gd© H$m¡eë`o AmË_gmV H$ê$Z AmOÀ`m ñnY}À`m `wJmV {Q>Hy$Z amhÊ`mgmR>r àË`oH$
nmVirda à`ËZnydH© $ AÚ`mdVVm R>do Zy CËH¥$ï> J«W§ mb` godm XoUo hr AmO Iar H$mimMr
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 52
JaO Amho. J«§Wmb`mVrb godm Am{U gmYZo `m§Mr _m{hVr àË`oH$ J«§Wmb`rZ godH$mZo
H$ê$Z KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`mgmR>r nwT>rb gd© H$m¡eë`o J«§Wmb`rZ godH$m§À`m A§Jr
AgbrM nm{hOo.
2.1 V§ÌkmZmVrb ~Xb (Change in Technology)
AmO àË`oH$ jUmbm _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ ~Xb hmoVmZm {XgyZ `oV Amho. âbm°nrnmgyZ
noZ S´>mB©ìhn`ªV _m{hVrMr gmR>dU Am{U {VMm AXmZàXmZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m gmYZmV hmoV
Agbobo doJdmZ ~Xb. {b{IV nÌmnmgyZ B©-_obn`ªVMo ~Xb ho _m{hVr AgUo Am{U
Vr hmVmiÊ`mMr H$m¡eë`o AmË_gmV H$aUo ho J«W§ mb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m§gmR>r JaO ~Zbr
Amho. g_Om EH$mXm dmMH$ J«§Wmb`mV Ambm Ë`mZo H$mhr _m{hVr S>mD$ZbmoS> Ho$br
Am{U Vr Ë`mbm Ë`mÀ`m ~amo~a ¿`m`Mr Agob Am{U Ë`mZo Ë`mMm noZ S´>mB©ìh ~amo~a
AmUbobm Zgob Va Vmo qH$dm AmnU ~è`mM doim Jm|YiyZ OmVmo Am{U Ë`mbm
gamB©VnUo gm§JVmo H$s Vwåhm noZ S´>mB©ìh KoD$Z `m. nU Ë`mMr \$mB©b qH$dm _m{hVr
Ë`mÀ`m B©-_obda nmR>dbr Va Ë`mMr Am{U Amnbr g_ñ`m gwQ>Vo. Aem àH$maMr
H$m¡eë`nyU© gyMH$Vm J«§Wmb`rZ godH$m_Ü`o Agbr nm{hOo.
2.2 Cn`moOH$m§À`m JaOmVrb ~Xb (Change in Users Need)
dmMH$mH$S>rb CnbãY doi, _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmVrb doJdmZ ~Xb, _m{hVrMm
_hmnya Am{U Ë`mVrb Zo_Š`m _m{hVrMr Cn`moOH$mbm Agbobr JaO `m§Zgw ma Ë`m§À`m
_m{hVrÀ`m JaOmVrb ~Xb `m H$maUm_wio Ë`m§Zm hdr Agbobr _m{hVr Vo Á`m {R>H$mUr
AmhoV Ë`mM {R>H$mUr H$em àH$mao CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVm `oB©b `mgmR>rMo à`ËZ
J«W§ mb`mH$Sy>Z Ho$bo Jobo nm{hOoV. Ë`mgmR>r Cn`moOH$m§À`m Zo_Š`m JaOm OmUyZ KoD$Z
Ë`m§Zm hdr Agbobr Zo_H$s _m{hVr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r J«W§ mb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$mZo
`m XmoÝhr nmVirda AÚ`mdVVm R>odyZ Ë`mbm bmJUmar H$m¡eë` ~miJbr VaM hr
Jmoï> eŠ` Amho.
2.4 _m{hVr {dVaUmVrb ~Xb (Change in Delivery of
Information)
_w{ÐV _m{hVrnmgyZ Am°ZbmB©Z _m{hVrn`ªV Oo ~Xb _m{hVr {Z{_©Vr Am{U
{dVaUmV hmoV Amho Vo nmhVm J«§Wmb`rZ godH$m§Zr Ë`mÀ`mer g§~§{YV gd© gmYZo
dmnê$Z Ë`m _m{hVrÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmnmgyZ {dVaUmn`ªVMr gd© H$m_o H$aÊ`mMo H$m¡eë`
A§JrH$mabo nm{hOo. AmO e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zm BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ñdê$nmVrb _m{hVr
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 53
Cn`moOH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo ~§YZH$maH$ hmoV Amho. Aem àH$mao CnbãY hmoUmè`m
_m{hVrMo {dVaU Cn`moOH$m§Zm _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmÀ`m `wJmV H$em àH$mao H$aVm `oB©b
qH$dm Cn`moOH$m§Zm hì`m Agboë`m _m{hVr~m~V H$go OmJê$H$ R>do Vm `oBb
© `m~m~VÀ`m
H$m¡eë`mMr JaO J«§Wmb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm Amho.
2.5 godm_Yrb ~Xb (Change in Service)
nma§n[aH$ J«§Wmb`rZ godmZwgma EImXm J«§W J«§Wmb`mV Amho qH$dm Zmhr ho Ë`m
J«W§ mb`mÀ`m Vm{bHo$dê$Z gm§JVm `oV hmoV.o qH$dm g§KVm{bH$m Oa CnbãY Agob Va
Ë`mV gh^mJr Agboë`m H$moUË`m J«W§ mb`mV g§~{§ YV J«W§ Amho qH$dm Zmhr ho gm§JVm
`oV hmoVo. àM{bV OmJê$H$Vm godm Am{U {ZdS>H$ _m{hVrMo àgmaU `mhr godm
J«§Wmb`mVyZ H$m¡eë`nyU© nÕVrZo {Xë`m OmV hmoË`m. AmOÀ`m _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmÀ`m
`wJmV J«§Wmb` Vm{bH$m `m Am°ZbmB©Z (OPAC) ñdê$nmV CnbãY AmhoV. `mMm
dmna H$ê$Z Am{U àM{bV OmJê$H$Vm godm (CAS) Am{U {ZdS>H$ _m{hVrMo àgmaU
(SDI) godm g§JUH$mÀ`m _m\©$V XoD$Z H$m¡eë`nyU© [aVrZo J«§Wmb` emómÀ`m Mm¡Ï`m
{gÕm§VmMo `mo½` [aVrZo nmbZ H$aVm `oB©b.
2.6 J«§Wmb`mMr à{V_m gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r (To Improve the Library
Image)
AmOMr OZgm_mÝ`mVrb J«W§ mb`mMr à{V_m AmUIr gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r J«W§ mb`rZ
godH$m§Zr àË`oH$ jUmbm àË`oH$ godm Am{U H$m`m©_Ü`o AÚ`mdVVm ~miJbr nm{hOo.
åhUOoM AmOÀ`m _m{hVr g§àofU V§ÌkmZmÀ`m doJdmZ ~XbmH$S>o bj R>odyZ Ë`mVrb
ZdZdrZ gmYZm§Mm J«W§ mb`rZ godm Am{U H$m`© H$m¡eë`nyU© dmna H$ê$Z CËH¥$ï> àH$maMr
godm {Xbr Va J«§Wmb`mMr à{V_m AmUIr gwYmaÊ`mg {ZpíMVM _XV hmoB©b. àË`oH$
Cn`moOH$mMr _m{hVr AÚ`mdV R>odbr Va Ë`m§Zm H$moUË`m doir H$moUVr _m{hVr
H$moUË`m ñdê$nmV hdr AgVo `mMo AmH$bZ hmoBb
© . Am{U Ë`m§À`m doi dmM{dÊ`mÀ`m
ÑîQ>rZo Ë`m§Mr _mJUr `oÊ`mAJmoXa Ë`m§Zm hdr Agbobr _m{hVr Ë`m§À`m ñH«$sZda
CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` AmO J«W§ mb` joÌmV Amdí`H$ Amho.
3. ì`dgm` Am{U ì`mdgm{`H$ (Profession &
Professional)
dñVy§Mm dm godm§Mm g_mOmbm nwadR>m H$aUmar ì`dñWm åhUOo ì`dgm` hmo`.
gm_m{OH$ Cn`mo{JVoÀ`m Ñï>rZo _mZdr JaOm§Mr nyV©Vm H$aUo ho ì`mnH$ C{Ôï> AZoH$
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 54
ì`dgm`mV AmT>iVo. Ë`mVM J«W§ mb` `m ì`dgm`mMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. Aem àH$maÀ`m
gd© ì`dgm`mVrb H$m`© Am{U godm `mV _¾ AgUmam _mZdr KQ>H$ åhUOoM ì`mdgm{`H$
hmo`. EImXm ì`dgm` (Profession) Mmb{dÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm Ë`m ì`dgm`mer {ZJ{S>V
Cn`moOH$m§Mo/JaOy§Mo g_mYmZ H$aÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` Á`mÀ`m A§Jr Amho Vmo åhUOo
ì`mdgm{`H$ (Professional) hmo`. ho Amnë`mbm nwT>rbà_mUo AmUIr ñnï> H$aVm
`oBb
© .
ì`dgm` (Profession)
ì`mdgm{`H$ (Professional)
d¡ÚH$emó (Medical)
d¡Ú (Doctor)
A{^`m§{ÌH$s (Engineering)
A{^`§Vm (Engineer)
H$m`Xm (Law)
dH$sb (Lawyer)
J«W§ mb` (Library)
J«W§ nmb (Librarian)
darb gd© CXmhaUm§dê$Z ì`dgm` Am{U ì`mdgm{`H$ `m§Mr Amnë`mbm nyUn© Uo
H$ënZm `oD$ eH$Vo. AmO AmnU J«W§ mb` ì`dgm`mVrb ì`mdgm{`H$m§Mm {dMma Ho$bm
Va Amnë`mbm àíZ nSy> eH$Vmo H$s IaoM AmnU ì`mdgm{`H$ (Professional)
AmhmoV H$m? Agm àíZ Amnë`mbm BVa ì`mdgm{`H$mH$S>o ~KyZ nS>bm nm{hOo. CXmhaU
Úmd`mMo Pmbo Va d¡Úm§Mo (Doctor) XoVm `oBb
© . d¡Ú AmOmamMo {ZXmZ H$ê$Z Ë`mZwgma
Am¡fY Am{U Ë`mMr _mÌm XoVmV åhUOo {d{eï> AmOmambm, {d{eï> Am¡fY, {d{eï>
doir, {d{eï> à_mUmV KoÊ`m{df`r boIr XoVmV. Ë`m_wio {ZpíMVM Ë`m é½UmMm AmOma
~am hmoVmo.
darbà_mUo AmOMm J«§Wmb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$ R>m_nUo åhUy eH$V Zmhr H$s
A_yH$ EH$m H$maUmgmR>r {d{eï> J«W§ dmMm qH$dm Amnë`mbm `m g_ñ`m AmhoV H$m ?
_J Ë`mgmR>r ho J«W§ dmMm. J«W§ mb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m§H$Sy>Z Ago H$m`© hmoV Zmhr. ~è`mM
{R>H$mUr AmOMm J«§Wnmb hm Ë`m J«§Wm§Mm ajUH$Vm©M Amho H$s H$m` AgoM {MÌ
{XgVo. gÜ`m J«§WmonMma (Bibliotherapy) nÕVr AZoH$ {R>H$mUr dmnabr OmV
Amho. `m nÕVrMm AmUIr H$m¡eë`nyU© nÕVrZo dmna H$ê$Z H$moUË`m doir H$moUVm
J«W§ , H$moUË`m g_ñ`ogmR>r H$moUVo J«W§ dmMmdoV Aem àH$maMo _mJ©Xe©Z H$amdo. àË`oH$
g_ñ`oda H$mhr à^mdr J«§Wm§Mr Zmdo gm§JVm Ambr nm{hOo. VaM Vmo Iè`m AWm©Zo
J«§Wmb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$ hmoB©b.
4.
ì`mdgm{`H$ H$m¡eë` H$go {_idmb (How to Get
Professional Skills)
H$moUË`mhr joÌmVrb qH$dm ì`dgm`mVrb H$m¡eë`o {_iÊ`mgmR>r Z¡{VH$Vm Iyn
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 55
_hÎdmMr AgVo. H$maU Z¡{VH$Vm ~miJbr VaM EImXr ì`º$s qH$dm EImXm ì`dgm`
Zmdmê$nmbm `oD$ eH$Vmo. H$m_mV ñdV…bm PmoHy$Z XoUo, {Xbobo H$m_ qH$dm nËH$abobo
H$m_ Cn`moOH$mMo g_mYmZ bjmV KoD$Z nma nmS>Uo åhUOoM H$m_mVrb Z¡{VH$Vm
hmo`. Aem nÕVrZo H$m_ Ho$ë`mg ì`mdgm{`H$ H$m¡eë`o AmnmoAmnM AmË_gmV hmoÊ`mg
_XV hmoV AgVo. Ë`mgmR>r nwT>rb AZoH$ Jmoï>rXoIrb Amdí`H$ AmhoV.
4.1 ì`dhm`© j_Vm (Practical Ability)
H$moUË`mhr joÌmV H$m_ H$aVodoir AZoH$ Jmoï>r Aem AgVmV H$s, Ë`m naV
naV H$amì`m bmJVmV. Ë`m_wio Ë`mgmR>r bmJUmao l_ d doi dm`m OmÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm
AgVo. Ë`mgmR>r H$m_ H$aVodoir Zoh_r bmJUmè`m `mÚm§À`m àVr R>odUo, àË`oH$
Cn`moOH$mMo _mo~mB©b Z§~a Am{U B©-_ob KoUo Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm hdr Agbobr _m{hVr
Ë`m§À`m _obdaVr nmR>{dVm `oVo. EImXm J«§W Amnë`m J«§Wmb`mV Zgob Va Vmo Xwgè`m
J«§Wmb`mVyZ CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVm Ambm nm{hOo. EImÚm Cn`moOH$mbm EImÚm dmMZ
gm{hË`mVrb Mma-nmM nmZo qH$dm EImXo àH$aU hdo Agob Va VmËH$mi Poam°Šg XoVm
Ambr nm{hOo. Am°ZbmB©Z _m{hVr S>mD$ZbmoS> H$aÊ`mMr Am{U Ë`mMm qàQ> AmD$Q>
XoÊ`mMr gmo` CnbãY Agbr nm{hOo, VaM J«§Wmb`rZ godH$ H$m¡eë`nyU©VoZo H$m_
H$ê$ eHo$b.
4.2 gmo`r-gw{dYm (Facility)
H$moUË`mhr H$m_mgmR>r bmJUmè`m gmo`r-gw{dYm `m Agë`mM nm{hOoV. Ë`m
AgVrb VaM Ë`m nÕVrMr H$m¡eë` AmË_gmV H$ê$Z AmnU `m ñnY}À`m `wJmV
Amnë`m ì`dgm`mV {Q>H$y Z amhÿ eH$Vmo. åhUyZM J«W§ mb`mV Cn`moOH$m§Zm hì`m Agboë`m
_m{hVr gmYZm§~amo~aM B§Q>aZoQ>, S>oQ>m~ogog, Amon°H$ ñb°qZJ, Poam°Šg, qàQ>a `m gmo`r
Agë`mM nm{hOoV Am{U Ë`mMm dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wmb`mVrb àË`oH$mbm Cn`moOH$m§Zm
hdr Agbobr JǤWmb`rZ godm XoVm Ambr nm{hOo.
4.3 nyaH$Vm (Competency)
Amnë`m ì`dgm`mer nyaH$ Jmoï>r AgUo AmO H$mimMr JaO Pmbobr Amho.
J«W§ mb`rZ godm XoÊ`mgmR>r darb àH$maMr gd© gmYZo AgyZ MmbV Zmhr Va Vr gmYZo
hmVmiyZ godm XoUmao nyaH$ Ago _Zwî`~i J«§Wmb`mH$S>o Agbo nm{hOo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 56
4.4 godH$m§Mo JwU{deof (Underling Attribute)
àË`oH$ joÌmVrb ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm ñdV…bm AÚ`mdV R>odÊ`mgmR>r ZdrZ Jmoï>r
{eH$Ê`mMr Am{U Ë`m AmË_gmV H$ê$Z Ë`mMr _m{hVr ì`dgm`mVrb BVam§Zm XoÊ`mMr
YS>nS> gVV Mmby R>odbr nm{hOo. Ë`mM~amo~a ZdZdrZ V§ÌkmZ dmnê$Z J«§Wmb`rZ
godm A{YH$ ObV JVrZo H$em àH$mao XoVm `oB©b `mMm Ü`mg ì`dgm`mVrb àË`oH$mZo
KoVbm Va AZoH$ H$m¡eë`o AmË_gmV H$aVm `oVmV.
4.5 _mZ{gH$ j_Vm (Mental Ability)
H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr Jmoï> AmË_gmV H$aÊ`mMr qH$dm {eH$Ê`mMr _mZ{gH$Vm
Agob VaM H$moUË`mhr joÌmVrb ì`º$s `mo½` àH$mao H$m`© Am{U godm nma nmSy> eH$VmV.
_m{hVr V§ÌkmZm~m~V qH$dm Vo {eH$Ê`m~m~V H$m`©aV godH$m_Yrb 40 dfmªÀ`m
nwT>rb godH$ ZdrZ V§ÌkmZ {eH$Ê`m~m~V CXmgrZ Agë`mMo {XgyZ `oVmV. Ë`m~amo~a
AZoH$ {R>H$mUr Ago hmoVo H$s, V¥Vr` Am{U MVwW© loUrVrb godH$m§Zr _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmVrb
gmYZm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z godm XoÊ`m~m~V A{YH$mar dJm©V AmH$g Agë`mMo {XgyZ `oV.o
Ë`m_wio H$m`©aV Agboë`m ZdrZ {nT>rbm H$m¡eë` AmËg_mV H$aUo eŠ` hmoV Zmhr.
Ë`mMmM A{Zð> Agm n[aUm_ godm Am{U H$m`m©da hmoV AgVmo. H$moUË`mhr joÌmMm
qH$dm Ë`mV H$m`©aV Agboë`m godH$m§Mm Am{U Ë`mÀ`mer g§~§{YV Agboë`m
Cn`moOH$m§Mm {dH$mg ìhm`Mm Agob Va ì`dgm`mVrb àË`oH$m_Ü`o gH$mamË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ
AgUo JaOoMo Amho.
4.6 d¡`{º$H$ nañnag§~§Y (Individual Interact)
d¡`{º$H$ g§~Y§ mda AZoH$ Mm§Jë`m Jmoï>r Adb§~Zy AgVmV. åhUyZ àË`oH$ joÌmV
H$m_ H$aUmè`m godH$m§Mo nañnag§~Y§ , {dMmam§Mr XodmUKodmU ho Mm§JboM Agbo nm{hOo.
J«§Wmb` joÌmgmR>r Va hr IynM Amdí`H$ Am{U JaOoMr ~m~ Amho, H$maU àË`oH$
{d^mJmVrb _m{hVr àË`oH$mbm AgUo JaOoMo Amho. EH$_oH$m§À`m J¡ahOoarV EH$_oH$m§Mr
H$m_o Ho$br nm{hOoV qH$dm H$aVm Ambr nm{hOoV VaM J«W§ mb`rZ Cn`moOH$m§Mo g_mYmZ
H$aVm `oBb
© . ì`dñWmnZmVrb gdmªMo g§~Y§ Mm§Jbo AgUo ho àË`oH$mMo d¡`{º$H$ H$m¡eë`
Amho. Vo {Q>H$dyZ R>odUo ho ì`dñWmnZmMo H$m¡eë` Amho. J«§Wmb`m_Yrb H$m`© Am{U
godm `mVrb CËH¥$ï>Vm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r `m d¡`{º$H$ nañna g§~Y§ mMm Mm§JbmM n[aUm_
hmoV AgVmo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 57
4.7 d¡`{º$H$ AmdS> (Individual Interest)
5.2 Xyag§Mma _mÜ`_ (Telecommunication Media)
H$moUË`mhr àH$maMo H$m¡eë` AmË_gmV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m{df`r d¡`{º$H$ nmVirda
AmdS> Agmdr bmJVo. Ë`m{edm` H$moUË`mhr àH$maMo H$m¡eë` AmË_gmV H$aVm `oUma
Zmhr. Ë`mM~amo~a `mo½` Vr H$m¡eë` ZgVrb Va Ë`m joÌmVrb H$m`© d godm Am{U
g§~{§ YVmMo g_mYmZ eŠ` hmoUma Zmhr. J«W§ mb`mÀ`mM ^mfoV ~mobm`Mo Pmbo Va `mo½`
dmMH$mbm `mo½` _m{hVr `mo½` doir Am{U `mo½` ñdê$nmV XoUo eŠ` hmoUma Zmhr.
gwédmVrbm ho _mÜ`_ dmnê$Z \$º$ AmdmOmÀ`m ñdê$nmVM g§àofU hmoV Ago.
AmO Ë`mV AZoH$ ~Xb hmoD$Z V§ÌkmZmÀ`m {dH$mg_wio {S>{OQ>b, A°{Z_oeZ Am{U
MbV{MÌ (video) ñdê$nmVrb _m{hVrMo AXmZ-àXmZ H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm AmO `m
_mÜ`_m_wio CnbãY Pmbobr Amho. `m KQ>H$mMm J«§Wmb` joÌmV A{YH$m{YH$ dmna
Ho$bm Va J«§Wmb`rZ Cn`moOH$mbm Amho Ë`m {R>H$mUr _m{hVr {_iÊ`mg _XV hmoUma
Amho.
4.8 H$m_mMm AZw^d> (Work Experience)
AmOn`ªVMm B{Vhmg nm{hbm Va AZw^dmVyZ AZoH$ àH$maMr H$m¡eë`o AmË_gmV
hmoV AgVmV. CXm. J«§W emoYUo, J«§WmMo \$bH$mamonU H$aUo, g§JUH$ hmVmiUo,
B§Q>aZoQ>darb _{hVrMm emoY KoU,o B. AZoH$ àH$maMr J«W§ mb`rZ H$m_o J«W§ mb`emñÌmMo
{ejU Z KoVbobm EImXm godH$XoIrb gamB©VnUo H$arV AgVmo `mbm Ë`mMm J«W§ mb`rZ
H$m_mMm dfm©Zwdfm©Mm AZw^d H$maUr^yV AgVmo. Ë`m_wioM Ë`mV J«§Wmb`rZ H$m_mMo
H$m¡eë` AmnmoAmnM AmË_gmV Pmbobo AgVo.
5. Vm§{ÌH$ H$m¡eë`mVrb KQ>H$ (Components of
Technical Skills)
J«§Wm§Mo dJuH$aU, J«§WemoYUo, \$bH$amonU H$aUo Aem àH$maMr AZoH$ Vm§{ÌH$
H$m_o AmOhr J«§Wmb`mVyZ Ho$br OmV AmhoV. Ë`mV AZoH$ Vm§{ÌH$ KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe
Pmë`m_wio Vm{bH$m hr Amon°H$ (OPAC) Pmbr. Ë`mM~amo~a _w{ÐV _m{hVr hr
{S>{OQ>b qH$dm B©-_m{hVr åhUyZ AmoiIbr OmD$ bmJbr. dmMH$ J«W§ mb`mV `oÊ`mEodOr
J«§Wmb`M Ë`m§À`m S>oñH$Q>m°n`ªV nmohMbo Amho. Ë`mZwgma J«§Wmb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr
gd© àH$maÀ`m Vm§{ÌH$ KQ>H$mMm dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wmb`rZ godm XoÊ`mMr JaO Amho.
5.3 Am°ZbmB©Z S>oQ>m~og
JǤWmb`rZ Cn`moOH$ AmO JǤWmb`mnmgyZ Xya OmV Amho H$s H$m` Ago dmQ>V
Amho. H$maU Ë`m§Zm àH$meH$ Am{U g§J«hH$ `m§À`m S>oQ>m~og_YyZ Ë`m§Zm hdr Agbobr
_m{hVr {_iÊ`mg \$ma _moR>r _XV hmoV Amho. Cn`moOH$m§Zr J«§Wmb`mnmgyZ Xya OmD$
Z`o Am{U J«W§ mb`mVrb _m{hVr gmYZm§Mm dmna OmñVrV OmñV ìhmdm `mgmR>r àË`oH$
J«W§ mb`m§Zr Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o Agboë`m _m{hVr gmYZm§_Yrb _m{hVr S>Qo >m~og AmO Am°ZbmB©Z
CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbm Va {ZpíMVM Cn`moOH$ J«§Wmb`mH$S>o AmH${f©V hmoB©b. AmO
AmonH° $_wio J«W§ mb`mVrb {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mr _m{hVr {_iVo. nU Ë`mVrb boIm§Mr _m{hVr
{_iÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMm S>oQ>m~og Am°ZbmB©Z CnbãY AgUo JaOoMo Amho.
5.4 do~gmB©Q> V`ma H$aUo (Creation of Websites)
gÜ`mÀ`m Am°ZbmB©ZÀ`m O_mÝ`mV J«W§ mb`mV CnbãY Agbobr _m{hVr gmYZo,
godm Am{U gw{dYm, am~{dbo OmUmao CnH«$_, _mo\$V B©-J«§Wmb`o CXm.
www.bokzz.org Aem àH$maMr gd© _m{hVr CnbãY AgUmao do~noO V`ma H$ê$Z
dmMH$m§Zm AmH${f©V H$ê$Z KoVm Ambo nm{hOo.
5.1 g§JUH$ hmVmiUo> (Computer Operation)
5.5 nmoQ>©b V`ma H$aUo (Creation of Portal)
gÜ`mÀ`m B©-_m{hVrÀ`m `wJmV g§JUH$ hmVmiÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` AgUo Amdí`H$
Amho. Ë`m{edm` AmO _m{hVrMo AXmZ-àXmZ H$aUo eŠ` hmoUma Zmhr. g§JUH$
Am{U g§~§{YV BVa gmYZo dmnê$Z _m{hVrÀ`m AXmZ-àXmZmV AÚ`mdVVm AmUmdr
bmJVo. H$maU `m g§JUH$mer g§~§{YV gmYZm_Ü`o Zoh_rM ~Xb hmoV AgVmV. CXm.
hmS>© {S>ñH$, âbm°nr, grS>r, {S>ìhrS>r, noZS´>mB©ìh, do~noO, nmoQ>©b, \o$g~wH$, {Q‰>Q>a,
`m gd© gmYZm§~m~V Am{U _mÜ`_m~m~V J«W§ mb`rZ godH$m§Zr AÚ`mdV AgUo Amdí`H$
Amho.
J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m g§X^m©V åhQ>bo Va nmoQ>b
© åhUOo Ë`m J«W§ mb`mV
CnbãY Agboë`m _m{hVrMo "_w»` àdoeÛma' hmo`. J«§Wmb`mH$S>o {S>{OQ>b ñdê$nmV
CnbãY AgUmè`m _m{hVrMo à_mU CXm. S>Qo >m~og, B©-~wH$, B©-OZab, B. Iyn _moR>çm
à_mUmda dmT>V Amho. Ë`m_wio gÜ`mÀ`m H$mimV J«W§ mb`mgmR>r nmoQ>b
© ho EH$M CÎm_
Am{U Cn`wº$ Ago gmYZ Amho. gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo nwUo {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m O`H$a J«W§ mb`mMo
nmoQ>©b ho CÎm_ CXmhaU Amho. (www.libunipune.ac.in)
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 58
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 59
6. doiM
o o ì`dñWmnZ (Time Management)
6.4 _m{hVr gmYZm{df`r OmJê$H$Vm
XaamoOÀ`m OrdZmV Am{U H$moUË`mhr joÌmV H$m_ H$aVo doir doioÀ`m
ì`dñWmnZmbm _hÎd {Xbo Jobo nm{hOo. doioMo ì`dñWmnZ O_bo Zmhr Va AZoH$
AZW© KSy> eH$VmV. Ë`m_wio n¡gm Am{U l_ dm`m OmÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. Ë`mbm
J«§Wmb` ho AndmX R>ê$ eH$V Zmhr. S>m°. a§JZmWZ `m§À`m n§MgyÌrMo nmbZ H$am`Mo
Agob Va J«§Wmb` joÌmV àË`oH$ nmVirda doioMo ì`dñWmnZ PmboM nm{hOo.
J«W§ mb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm AZoH$ nmVirda `mo½` doir OmJê$H$ Agmdo bmJVo.
J«W§ mb`mVrb _m{hVr gmYZo, Zì`mZo àH$m{eV hmoUmar _w{ÐV Am{U Am°Z bmB©Z _m{hVr
gmYZo Am{U Ë`mM ~amo~a Cn`moOH$m§À`m AmOÀ`m Am{U CÚmÀ`m _m{hVr{df`H$
JaOm `m~m~V doirM OmJê$H$Vm R>do Zy CnbãY Agboë`m _m{hVr~m~V Cn`moOH$m§Zm
doioV OmJê$H$ H$aUo ho gwOmU J«§WnmbmMo H$V©ì`M Amho Ago åhQ>bo Va Vo dmdJo
R>aUma Zmhr. ho H$m_ H$m¡eë`nyUV© Zo o H$aÊ`mgmR>r g§àfo UmMr _mÜ`_o Am{U gm_m{OH$
_mÜ`_m§Mm dmna Ho$bm VaM doioV OmJê$H$Vm ~miJVm `oB©b.
6.1 J«§W Am{U B©-J«§W IaoXr
gÜ`mMr Cn`moOH$m§Mr JaO Am{U ^{dî`mVrb Cn`moOH$mMr _m{hVr gmYZmMr
JaO bjmV KoD$Z Á`m jUmbm qH$dm doiobm Á`m J«§WmMr JaO dmMH$mbm qH$dm
Cn`moOH$mbm Amho. Ë`m doir Vmo J«§W qH$dm B©-J«§W dmMH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVm
Ambm nm{hOo. Ë`mZwgma Cn`moOH$m§À`m JaOm§Mm H$b bjmV KoD$Z `mo½` doir `mo½`
J«§W qH$dm B©-J«§W IaoXr Ho$bm Jobm nm{hOo.
6.2 {Z`VH$m{bH$ Am{U S>oQ>m~ogMr dJ©Ur
J«§Wmb`mV `oUmè`m AZoH$ dmMH$m§Zm (CXm. g§emoYH$, {ejH$) AÚ`mdV
_m{hVrMr JaO AgVo Am{U Aer _m{hVr hr {Z`VH$m{bH$mgma»`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
àH$m{eV hmoV AgVo. hr _m{hVr Ë`m§Zm `mo½` doir {_iÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo g§~§{YV
{df`mdarb {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mr dJ©Ur ^aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. Ë`mM~amo~a S>oQ>m~ogMr
dJ©Ur ^ê$Z Vo dmMH$m§Zm doioV CnbãY hmoVrb Aem àH$maMo {Z`moOZ J«§Wnmbm§Zr
Ho$bo nm{hOo Am{U CnbãY Agboë`m {Z`VH$m{bH$ Am{U S>Qo >m~og~m~V Cn`moOH$m§Zm
doimodoir _m{hVr H$ê$Z {Xbr nm{hOo.
6.3 {ZU©` j_Vm
`mo½` doir `mo½` {ZU©` KoVm `oUo hr doiÀo `m ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r Iyn _moR>r Am{U
_hÎdmMr j_Vm Amho. CXm. _m{hVr gmYZmMr Poam°Šg H$mT>Ê`m~m~VMm {ZU©`, J«§W
J«§Wmb`m~mhoa XoÊ`m~m~VMm {ZU©`, J«§Wmb`mMo g^mgXËd XoÊm~m~VMm {ZU©`, Aem
àH$mao `mo½` {ZU©` `mo½` doir KoÊ`mMr j_Vm J«§Wmb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m_Ü`o AgbrM
nm{hOo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 60
7. gmXarH$aU H$m¡eë` (Presentation Skills)
J«W§ mb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m_Ü`o CËH¥$ï>, à^mdr Am{U n[aUm_H$maH$ gmXarH$aUmMr
H$bm AgUo hr AmO H$mimMr JaO ~Zbr Amho. `m H$m¡eë`mMr AmOÀ`m _m{hVr
V§ÌkmZmÀ`m `wJmV Va IynM JaO Amho. H$maU AmO J«§Wmb`mMo do~noO qH$dm nmoQ>©b
`m daVr `mo½` nÕVrMo gmXarH$aU Agob Va J«§Wmb`mVrb _m{hVr gmYZm§Mm dmna
dmT>b
o Am{U Cn`moOH$m§Zm hdr Agbobr _m{hVr `mo½` doir `mo½` ñdê$nmV {_iÊ`mg
_XV hmoB©b. J«§Wmb`mH$Sy>Z {Xë`m OmUmè`m godm Am{U CnH«$_mMr _m{hVr XoVmZm
qH$dm Ë`m~m~VMo gmXarH$aU H$aVo doir Vo `mo½` erf©H$mImbr H$amdo. CXm, AZoH$
J«§Wmb`mÀ`m nmoQ>©b daVr qH$dm do~gmB©Q> daVr OPAC Agm C„oI AgVmo Am{U
Ë`mMr qbH$ {Xbobr AgVo. Ë`mM~amo~a AZoH$ e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`mV g§JUH$ R>do bobm
AgVmo. Am{U Ë`mÀ`m eoOmar OPAC Ago {b{hbobo AgVo.
darb àH$mamMo gmXarH$aU Agob Va Ë`mMm J«§Wmb`rZ Cn`moOH$m§Zm AW©
_m{hVr Zgë`m_wio Vmo J«§Wmb`rZ godH$m§ZmM Ë`mbm hì`m Agboë`m _m{hVr
gmYZm~m~V Mm¡H$er H$aVmo. Ë`mgmR>r OPAC Ago {b{hÊ`mEodOr Ë`m {R>H$mUr
""J«§WmMm emoY ¿`m'' qH$dm ""J«§Wmb`mVrb _m{hVr gmYZm§Mm emoY ¿`m'' Aem
àH$maMr gyMH$ dmŠ` {b{hbr Va Vo Iyn Mm§Jë`m nÕVrZo gmXarH$aU hmoB©b Ago
dmQ>Vo.
J«W§ nmbm§Zr EImXm àñVmd ì`dñWmnZmH$S>o gmXa H$aVodi
o r Vmo _§Oay hmoÊ`mÀ`m
Ñï>rZo Ë`mVrb gmXarH$aU _hÎdmMo Amho. àñVmd Á`mMm Amho Ë`mMr JaO, Ë`mda
Adb§~Zy AgUmè`m godm Am{U H$m`© Cn`moOH$m§À`m JaOm `mMr gd© _m{hVr àñVmd
gmXarH$aUmV Agob Va Ë`mÀ`m _§OwarV H$moUVrhr AS>MU `oUma Zmhr.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 61
Ë`mM~amo~a J«§Wmb`mH$Sy>Z {Xë`m OmUmè`m godm Am{U J«§Wmb`rZ CnH«$_
(CXm, J«§W àXe©Z) `m§Mr _m{hVr J«§Wmb`rZ ZmoQ>rg ~moS>© Am{U J«§Wmb`mMr do~gmB©Q>
`m daVr `mo½` doir, `mo½` {R>H$mUr gmXa Ho$br Jobr nm{hOo. Ë`mM~amo~a `m godm
Am{U CnH«$_m~m~V Cn`moOH$m§Zm doimodoir Eg. E_. Eg., B©-_ob Am{U BVa
gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_mÛmao OmJê$H$ Ho$bo Jobo VaM Ë`mMm OmñVrV OmñV \$m`Xm OmñVrV
OmñV Cn`moOH$m§Zm hmoB©b.
8. _yë`_mnZ Am{U _yë`{ZYm©aU H$m¡eë` (Evaluation
and Assessment Skills)
àË`oH$ joÌm_Yrb àJVrÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ qH$dm `mo½` àH$mao, g_mYmZnyd©H$
Am{U CËH¥$ï> godm XoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Ë`m {R>H$mUr Mmby Agboë`m àË`oH$ godm, H$m`©
Am{U Ë`mgmR>r dmnabr Jobb
o r gmYZo `m§Mo _yë`_mnZ ho PmboM nm{hOo. J«W§ mb`mH$Sy>Z
AZoH$ godm Am{U Ë`mgmR>r bmJUmè`m gmYZmdaVr Xadfu IM© Ho$bm OmVmo. _mÌ
e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`mVrb Cn`moOH$ _mÌ R>amdrH$ H$mbmdYrZo gVV ~XbV AgVmo.
Ë`mM ~amo~a Aä`mgH«$_XoIrb ~XbV AgVmV. `m gd© ~m~r bjmV KoD$Z
J«W§ mb`mH$Sy>Z Ë`mgmR>r Ho$bm Jobb
o m IM© Am{U Ë`m~m~VMr Cn`moOH$m§Mr _mJUr d
dmna `m§Mo _yë`_mnZ Am{U _yë`{ZYm©aU ho PmboM nm{hOo.
8.1 JǤWmb`rZ godm (Library Services)
J«§Wmb`mH$Sy>Z Á`m godm {Xë`m OmVmV Ë`m Cn`moOH$mgmR>r JaOoÀ`m AmhoV
qH$dm Zmhr Ë`m§Mm Cn^moJ KoVbm OmVmo qH$dm Zmhr, Cn`moOH$ godm Am{U gmYZm§Mm
dmna H$aVmV qH$dm Zmhr `mMo gVV _yë`_mnZ Pmbo nm{hOo VaM godm Am{U
gmYZmVrb H$mhr ÌwQ>r bjmV `oVmV Am{U Ë`mV ÌwQ>r AgVrb Va Ë`mV gwYmaUm
H$ê$Z Ë`mZwgma CËH¥$ï> godm XoVm `oVmV. Ë`mgmR>r J«W§ mb`rZ godm§Mo doimodi
o r _yë`_mnZ
Ho$bo Jobo nm{hOo.
8.3 _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ Am{U _m{hVr g§àofU V§ÌkmZ (Information
Technology and Information Communication
Technology)
e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Zr, H$bmZwê$n Oo ~Xb godm Am{U gmYZo `m_Ü`o hmoV AmhoV
Ë`m§Mm Adb§~ H$ê$Z Ë`mZwgma Ë`mV doimodoir ~Xb H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. gÜ`m
OdiOdi àË`oH$ J«W§ mb`mV darb V§ÌkmZmMm dmna Iyn _moR>çm à_mUmda hmoV Amho
Ago {XgyZ `oV.o Ë`mMm Cn`moOH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo Am{U CËH¥$ï> godm XoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMo `mo½`
àH$mao _yë`_mnZ Ho$bo Jobo nm{hOo.
8.4 gmYZm§Mm dmna (Use of Resources)
J«W§ mb`mV AZoH$ àH$maMr _m{hVr gmYZo hr Cn`moOH$m§À`m JaOm bjmV KoD$ZM
KoVbobr AgVmV. CXm, J«§W, B©-{Z`VH$m{bHo$, B©-J«§W, {Z`VH$m{bHo$, S>oQ>m~ogog
na§Vw e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`mVrb ~XbVm dmMH$ dJ© Am{U Ë`m§À`m ~XbË`m JaOm bjmV
KoVm `m CnbãY gmYZm§Mm OmñVrV OmñV dmna Ho$bm OmD$ eH$Vmo.
J«W§ mb`mVrb godm Am{U _m{hVrgmYZo, Ë`mM~amo~a godm XoÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmar
gmYZo Ë`mdaVr Ho$bm OmUmam IM© Am{U Ë`m§Mm dmna `m§Mo _yë`_mnZ Am{U {ZYm©aU
ho gVV Pmbo nm{hOo VaM J«§Wmb`rZ godm, _m{hVr gmYZo `mV AÚ`mdVVm R>odyZ
CËH¥$ï> J«§Wmb`rZ godo_m\©$V e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`mMr à{V_m AmUIr gwYmaVm `oUo eŠ`
Amho. `mgmR>r e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr nwT>rb ~m~tMm {dMma H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
9. g_mamon
J«W§ mb`rZ Cn`moOH$m§À`m JaOm `m Zoh_r ~XbV AgVmV. `m gVV ~XbUmè`m
_m{hVr gmYZm{df`m~m~À`m JaOm§Mo _yë`_mnZ H$ê$Z Ë`mZwgma _m{hVr gmYZo CnbãY
H$ê$Z XoUo ho e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zm AmOÀ`m _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmÀ`m `wJmV ghO eŠ`
Amho. Ë`mgmR>r \$º$ Cn`moOH$m§À`m JaOm§Mo H$m¡eë`nyU© _yë`_mnZ Pmbo nm{hOo.
J«W§ mb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr AmO _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ Am{U _m{hVr g§àfo U V§ÌkmZ
`m§Mm J«§Wmb`rZ godm Am{U H$m`© `mV AÚ`mdVVogh OmñVrV OmñV dmna H$ê$Z,
Cn`moOH$mH$Sy>Z _m{hVr gmYZm§Mm dmna OmñVrV OmñV hmoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo OmJê$H$
Agbo nm{hOo. Ë`mM~amo~a J«§Wmb`rZ godm, H$m`© Am{U _m{hVr gmYZo `m~m~V
Cn`moOH$m§Zm Zoh_r OmJê$H$ Ho$bo nm{hOo. AÚ`mdVVm R>do Ê`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Cn`moOH$m§À`m
JaOm OmUyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r Am{U _m{hVr gmYZmMm dmna bjmV `oÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m{df`r
g§emoYZ hmVr ¿`mdo Am{U J«W§ mb`mV H$m`©aV Agboë`m godH$m§Zm doimodi
o r doJdoJù`m
ñdê$nmMo à{ejU Úmdo. H$m`©emim, n[ag§dmX, MMm©gÌo, n[afXm `m§Mo Am`moOZ
H$amdo Am{U Ë`mVrb Ë`m§Mm gh^mJ dmT>dmdm. doJdoJio J«§Wmb`rZ CnH«$_ Ogo.
J«W§ àXe©Z, ì`m»`mZo, MMm©, dmMZH$Å>m, dËH¥$Ëd ñnYm©, {Z~§Y ñnYm© Am`mo{OV H$ê$Z
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 62
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 63
8.2 Cn`moOH$m§À`m JaOm (Users Need)
AmOÀ`m BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _m{hVr `wJmV Cn`moOH$m§Zm J«§Wmb`mH$S>o AmH${f©V H$aÊ`mMo
H$m¡eë` AmË_gmV H$amdo.
g§X^©gM
y r
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Dabas, C. (2008). I. T. applications for TQM and library
marketing. New Delhi : Ess Ess pub. p. 243
Gupta, Sangita (1995) Manpower needs of automated libraries.
New Delhi : Ess Ess publication, p. 281
Hussain, Akhtar. ICT Based library and information services.
New Delhi : Ess Ess pubication, p. 246
Raju, J (2014). 'Knowledge and skills for the digital era in
academic library'' Journal of Academic Librarianship. 40/2,
pp. 163-170.
Satpathy, Kishor Chandra and Ramachandran, R. (2012). ICT
Application in Library and Information centers, Jaipur : S. K.
Jain and sons. p. 263
Sharma, Jaideep. (2004) ''Expections versus reality''. Journal
of Education for LIS. 45/4, pp. 352-363.
Singh, Sewa (1992). ''From Librarianship to Information
Science." University News. 30/35, pp. 77-79
VmU ì`dñWmnZ
lr. {dZmoX hmobo
J«§Wnmb, {dídmË_H$ Amo_ JwéXod H$m°boO Am°\$ B§{OZrA[a¨J, AmQ>Jmd
vinodmh6799@gmail.com
àñVmdZm
_mZdOmVrÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r J«§Wmb`mMo `moJXmZ _hÎdnyU© Amho. _mZdmÀ`m
B{Vhmgmda Ñ{ï>jno Q>mH$bm AgVm Ago bjmV `oVo H$s, _mZdr g§ñH¥$VrÀ`m B{VhmgmV
Am{U g_mOmÀ`m {dH$mgmV J«§Wmb`m§Mm _moR>m dmQ>m Amho. nmfmU`wJmnmgyZ AmOÀ`m
_m{hVr`wJmn`ªV gm_m{OH$ OrdZmMm {dH$mg H$aÊ`mV _m{hVrM _mZdmbm _XV H$aVo.
AmOÀ`m _m{hVr {dñ\$moQ>mÀ`m `wJmV àË`oH$ joÌmVM AÚ`mdV _m{hVrbm
AZÝ`gmYmaU _hÎd àmá Pmbo Amho. AmoKmZoM AmOMr J«W§ mb`o hr AÚ`mdV _m{hVr
H|$Ð AgmdrV, hr àË`oH$mMr JaO ~Zbr Amho. H$maU n«Ë`oH$ {df`mVM ^anya g§emoYZ
hmoV Amho. Ë`m_wio gyú_V_ AÚ`mdV _m{hVrMr ^a nS>V Amho. _m{hVrMr ñdV§ÌVm
bjmV KoVm Aem àH$mao _m{hVr gmVË`mZo, {dZmì`Ë`` d _moR>çm à_mUmV àgm[aV
hmoD$ bmJë`mZo ZdrZ àíZ d JwV§ mJwV§ {Z_m©U hmoV Amho. Aem àM§S> à_mUmda _m{hVrMo
g§H$bZ, {díbofU, ì`dñWmnZ, {Z`moOZ, _m{hVrMr `mo½` doioV emoY, {ZdS> VgoM
V§ÌkmZ `m§da AmYm[aV H$m¡eë` J«§Wnmb hm CÎm_ ì`dñWmnH$ åhUyZ nma nmS>V
Amho. `m _m{hVr`wJmV J«§Wnmbmbm _m{hVr A{YH$mar åhUyZ XOm© àmá hmoV Amho. ho
Oar gd© Iao Agbo Var dmñVdmV J«§Wnmb `m nXmda H$m`© H$aV AgVmZm Ë`mÀ`mda
`oUmè`m H$m`© VmUmMm Aä`mg H$aUo _hÎdmMo R>aVo.
VUmdmMm AW©
Am§Vaamï´>r` H$m_Jma g§KQ>ZÀo `m AhdmbmV Ago Z_yX H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho H$s,
21 ì`m eVH$m_Ü`o ì`dgm`mVrb gdmªV J§^ra g_ñ`m åhUOo H$m`©H$mar A{YH$mè`m§Zm,
ì`dñWmnH$m§Zm OmUdUmam VmU.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 64
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 65
VmU eãX Amnë`m {XZM`}Mm EH$ ^mJ ~ZV Mmbbm Amho Am{U Vmo Zoh_r
MM}Mm {df` AgVmo, na§Vw AOyZhr `mMr Z¸$s R>m_ n[a^mfm XoVm `oV Zmhr. `mMo
AZoH$ Ad`d, ^mJ AOyZhr ahñ`_` AmhoV.
Waf (1968) describe stress as an inherent characteristic of
life.
VmU hr ì`º$sÀ`m OrdZmVrb J{Verb AdñWm AgyZ Or g_m`moOZmÀ`m
JaOm nyU© Z Pmë`mg CX²^dy eH$Vo.
Lazarses (1988) went to explain stress as abroad class of
problem or demands which tax the system (Physiological, Social
and Pyschological System) and the response of the system.
{PdmS>m} (1988) À`m _VmZwgma emar[aH$ g_Vmob {~KS>dUmè`m Am{U
g_m`moOZ hmoÊ`mgmR>r j_Vm dmT>{dUmè`m CÔrnH$ KQ>H$m§Zm OrdmH$Sy>Z {d{eï> qH$dm
A{d{eï> nÕVrZo Á`m à{V{H«$`m {Xë`m OmVmV Ë`mg VmU Ago åhUVmV.
J«§WnmbmÀ`m VmUmMo ñdê$n (The Nature of Stress)
(1) H$m`m©{df`rMm VmU - Ë`mV J«§WnmbmÀ`m H$m_mMm ^ma, {ZH¥$ï> àVrMo H$m`©,
dmVmdaU, H$_r XOm©Mr {ZU©`àUmbr.
(2) ^y{_H$m§da AmYm[aV VmUmMm g§~§Y, ^y{_H$m g§Kf©, O~m~Xmè`m.
(3) Xwgè`m ì`º$sMr O~m~Xmar CXm. ghH$mar.
(4) Am`wî`H«$_ {dH$mg -~T>Vr, ZmoH$arMr gwa{jVVm.
(5) g§KQ>ZmË_H$ g§aMZm Am{U dmVmdaU.
VmUmMo òmoV /CJ_ñWmZo (Sources of Stress)
(1) Jm|JmQ> (Noise)
ì`º$s ñdmñW Am{U AmdmO `m§Mm OdiMm g§~§Y Amho. ~è`mMXm ZH$mo
Agboë`m AmdmOm_wio {d{dY g_ñ`m CX^dVmV Á`mbm AmnU Jm|JmQ> Ago åhUVmo.
ZH$mo Agboë`m {R>H$mUr ZH$mo {VVH$m AmdmO Oa `oV Agob Va Ë`mVyZ VmU {Z_m©U
hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm A{YH$ AgVo. _J hm AmdmO J«§Wmb`mVrb Agmo dm J«§Wmb`mÀ`m
AmOw~mOyÀ`m n[agamVyZ `oUmam Jm|JmQ> AWdm Üd{ZàXyfU Agmo Ë`mMm n[aUm_
J«§Wmb`rZ H$m_mda Am{U H$_©Mmè`mda hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. Jm|JmQ>mMr Vrd«Vm
{H$Vr Agbr Va Ë`mnmgyZ CÎmoOZmMr nmVir dmT>Vo Am{U _mZemór` Ag§VwbZ
{Z_m©U hmoD$Z VmUmMr {Z{_©Vr hmoD$ eH$Vo. BÝhm°ZHo$pìhM Am{U _oQ>gZ (1980)
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 66
À`m _VmZwgma Odinmg 80dp Mm gVVMm Jm|JmQ> hm VmU {Z_m©U H$aVmo. VWm{n hm
Ano{jV Amho H$s AZno{jV Amho `mda VmUmMo à_mU Adb§~yZ AgVo. AZno{jV
Jm|JmQ>m_wio Ag_mYmZ dmTy>Z ì`º$sMr ghZerbVm H$_r hmoVo. Ë`m_wio H$m`©àoaUoV
KQ> hmoVo, _mZ{gH$ Ag§VwbZ {Z_m©U hmoD$ eH$Vo.
(2) H$m_mMo A{V[aº$ XS>nU (Work Overload)
_m{hVr`wJmV J«§Wnmb hm OmñV Am{U OmñVM H$m_ H$aÊ`mV Jw§VV OmV Amho.
J«W§ mb`rZ godm{edm` Ë`mbm AZoH$ BVa H$m`© H$amdo bmJV Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a ~mVå`m
Am{U KQ>Zm§Mr _m{hVr, dmMH$m§er g§dmX, XyaÜdZrdê$Z _m{hVrMr XodmU, H$m¡Qw>§{~H$
H$m`©, gm_m{OH$ H$m`©, ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmZo Mmar ~mO§yZr KmVbobm {diIm, H$m_mMo
A{V[aº$ XS>nU Aem BVa AZoH$ H$m_m§Mr `mXr dmT>V OmV Amho. `m `mXrV AZoH$
H$m_o Ago Ambo AmhoV H$s H$mhr dfmªnydu Ë`m§Mo ApñVËdgwÕm ZìhVo. nÞmg Am{U
gmR>À`m XeH$mV A§XmO bmdÊ`mV Ambo H$s, ZdrZ XeH$ `oVmM J«W§ nmbmÀ`m H$m_mMo
Vmg AnojmH¥$V H$_r hmoVrb Am{U Ë`mbm AmR>dS>çmV \$º$ n§Yam Vo drg Vmg H$m_
H$amdo bmJob. `m H$WZmV gË`mMm A§e H$m` Agob Vmo Agob, nU dmT>Ë`m H$m_mÀ`m
ametZr VUmdmÀ`m nmVirV _mÌ ^a hmoD$ eH$Vo.
(3) doioMo A{V[aº$ XS>nU / doioMr CUrd (Time Overload)
`m ì`ñV X¡Z{§ XZ OrdZmV àË`oH$ OU doiÀo `m C{UdoMo aS>JmUo JmVmo. J«W§ nmbmda
\$º$ H$m_mMoM XS>nU dmT>Vo Amho Ago Zmhr Va `m _m{hVr`wJmV àË`oH$ dmMH$mH$Sy>Z
J«§Wmb`m{df`rÀ`m AnojmgwÕm dmT>boë`m AmhoV. \$º$ EH$M gË` ~Xbbo Zmhr Vo
åhUOo EH$m {XdgmV \$º$ MmodrgM Vmg AgVmV. ñdm^m{dH$nUo doiÀo `m H$_VaVo_i
w o
VUmdmV dmT> Pmbr Amho. Cera Pmë`mMm VUmd, H$m_ doiVo nyU© Z Pmë`mMo XS>nU,
_m{hVrMm dmT>Vm doJ, H$_r doiVo OmñVrV OmñV _m{hVrMr _mJUr, B. AZoH$ ~m~tZr
VmUmMr nmVir dmT>V OmÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm A{YH$ AgVo.
(4) _m{hVrMo A[V[aº$ XS>nU /_m{hVrMm CÐoH$ (Information
Overload)
J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o dmMH$m§Zm Amdí`H$ AgUmè`m gd©M _m{hVrMm g§J«h Agbm
nm{hOo. _m{JVbobr _m{hVr J«§Wmb`mZo nwadmdr Aer Anojm Ho$br OmVo. _m{hVrÀ`m
`wJm_wi,o _m{hVrÀ`m {dñ\$moQ>m_wio AJ{UV _m{hVr {Z_m©U hmoV Amho. Ë`mVë`m Ë`mV
{dkmZ d V§ÌkmZ {df`mVrb g§emoYZ à{H«$`m dmT>rg bmJë`m_wio _moR>çm à_mUmV
_m{hVr CnbãY hmoD$ bmJbr. hr _m{hVr Ho$di J«§WmÀ`m ñdê$nmVM àH$m{eV Z
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 67
hmoVm {Z`VH$m{bHo$, go{_Zma, [anmoQ>©g², emoY {Z~§Y, gr.S>r.am°_, Üd{Z{MÌ{\$Vr,
{MÌ{\$Vr, B. {Za{Zamù`m ê$nmV àH$m{eV hmoV Amho. `m _m{hVr `wJmV XaamoO
Ag§»` doJmZo _m{hVrMr ^a nS>Vo. `m _m{hVr gmJamVyZ Zo_Š`m _m{hVrMm emoY KoUo
ho \$ma H$R>rU hmoD$ bmJbo Amho. `m_wio J«§Wmb`m§Zm _m{hVrMo A{V[aº$ XS>nU `oVo
Am{U `mVyZM J«§Wnmbm§Zm VmUmbm gm_moao OmÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm ZmH$maVm `oV Zmhr.
(5) JaOm§Mo A{V[aº$ XS>nU (Requirement Overload)
OrdZmMm Cƒ ñVagwÕm hiyhiy EH$ A{^emn ~ZVmo Amho. H$maU Amnë`mbm
g_mOmÀ`m Anojào _mUo dmJyZ Amnë`m _mJÊ`m§À`m nyVV© go mR>r g§Kf© H$amd`mMm Amho.
amoOM Aem CËnmXZm§Mr `mXr dmT>V OmV Amho. Or {dbmgmMr, M¡ZrMr dñVy Z
amhVm Amam_mMr dm JaOoMr hmoVo. OrdZmÀ`m OJÊ`mÀ`m nmVirda gVV gwYmaUm
hmoD$ZgwÕm ZdrZ CËnmXZm§Mr Amdí`H$Vm dmT>V Amho. hr A§V Zgbobr `mXr H$YrM
g§nUma Zmhr. {ZË` ZdrZ dñVy Om{hamVrÛmao XmI{dë`m OmVmV Am{U Amnë`m
`mXrMm EH$ ^mJ ~ZVmV. `m {_idÊ`mgmR>r A{YH$ H$ï>, n[al_ H$amdo bmJVmV.
`m MH«$mV gmnS>Umao ñdV…gmR>r VUmdmMo Zdo Zdo H$maU {Z_m©U H$aVmV.
(6) ZdrZ V§ÌkmZ> (New Technology)
~XbË`m H$mimZwgma V§ÌkmZm_Ü`o ObX JVrZo ~Xb hmoV Amho. Ë`m_wio OwZo
H$m¡eë` H$mb~mø R>aVo. V§ÌkmZm_wio BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ J«§Wmb`o, H$m`m©b`o `m g§H$ënZm
{Z_m©U Pmë`m. BVHo$M H$m` nU ghH$m`©, {ZX}eZ d {Z`§ÌUhr V§ÌkmZmda Adb§~yZ
Amho. åhUyZ _m{hVràYmZ g_mO, ½bmo~b pìhboO, nonabog bm`~«ar, {S>{OQ>b
bm`~«ar `m g§H$ënZm CX`mbm Amë`m. `m ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmer g_ag hmoVmZm J«W§ nmbm§Zm
AZoH$ AS>MUtZm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJVo. gmon{dboë`m H$m_mMr O~m~Xmar nma nmS>Ê`mgmR>r
à{ejU Z {Xë`mg AWdm Z KoVë`mg ho ZdrZ V§ÌkmZ S>mHo $o XwIr hmoD$Z ~gVo Am{U
Ë`mVyZ VmUH$maH$ pñWVr {Z_m©U hmoD$ eH$Vo.
(8) emar[aH$ VmU (Physical Stress)
BboŠQ´>m°{ZŠg gmYZm§Mr CnbãYVm `m_wio J«§Wmb`m§À`m g§H$ënZmhr ~Xby
bmJë`m. `m {S>{OQ>b J«§Wmb`m§À`m dmVmdaUmV J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§À`m emar[aH$
aMZoV (gd`r_Ü`o) _mÌ ~Xb Pmbm. ~aoM Vmg g§JUH$mg_moa ~gyZ S>moù`m§À`m,
nmR>rÀ`m, _mZoÀ`m g_ñ`m {Z_m©U hmoÊ`mÀ`m eŠ`Vm ~imdy bmJë`m. gVV
dmVmZwHy${bV dmVmdaUmV am{hë`mZo AmOma, gVVMm WH$dm, ËdMm H$moaS>r hmoUo,
OwÝ`m AmOmamda dmVmZwHy${bV dmVmdaUmMm n[aUm_, ídgZmbm hmoUmam Ìmg `m gd©
~m~tMm n[aUm_ emar[aH$ VmU CX²^dÊ`mg _moR>çm à_mUmda hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
(9) Am{W©H$ g_ñ`m (Financial Problem)
J«W§ mb` hr gm_m{OH$ g§ñWm Amho. VerM Vr godm^mdr g§ñWm Amho. g_mOmVrb
gd© Cn`moOH$m§Zm J«W§ mb` godM
o m Cn`moJ ìhmdm. g_mOmVrb ZmJ[aH$ gwOmU ìhmdoV,
g§ñH¥$VrMo OVZ ìhmdo, hm g§ñH¥$VrMm dmagm OVZ H$aUo hr J«§Wmb`mMr C{Ôï>o Amho.
J«W§ mb` hr d{Y©îUy g§ñWm Agë`mZo dmMH$, dmMZ gm{hË`, H$_©Mmar dJ©, B. AZoH$
~m~r øm dmT>V OmUmè`m AmhoV. Ë`m_wio IM©hr dmT>V OmUmam AgVmo VgoM
BboŠQ´>m{° ZH$ _mÜ`_o, _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ, B. àH$meZo, _w{ÐV gm{hË` Am{U BVa Amdí`H$
~m~tÀ`m {H$_Vr àM§S> à_mUmV dmT>V AmhoV. _hm{dÚmb`rZ J«W§ mb`mgmR>r {dÚmnrR>
AZwXmZ _§S>imMo AZwXmZ, J«§W B_maV AZwXmZ, {dÚmÏ`mªMo J«§Wmb` ewëH$, AZm_V
a¸$_, {db§~ ewëH$, B. Jmoï>rVyZ O_m Pmbobm {ZYr g§ñWoÀ`m {ZYrV O_m hmoVmo. nU
hm {ZYr `mo½` doioV J«§Wmb`mg {_imbm Zmhr AWdm Ë`mMo `mo½` {Z`moOZ Ho$bo Zmhr
Va _mÌ J«§Wnmbmda Am{W©H$ g_ñ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ VmU `oD$ eH$Vmo. VgoM gmd©O{ZH$
J«§Wmb`mbm {_iUmam {ZYr _mÌ Aën à_mUmV Agë`mZo gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mVrb
J«§Wnmbm§Zm AZoH$ Am{W©H$ g_ñ`m§Zm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJVo Am{U Ë`mVyZ VmU {Z_m©U
hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo.
(7) b¢{JH$ N>i (Sexual Harassment)
gaH$mar, {Z_gaH$mar, ImOJr g§ñWm, g§KQ>Zm `m§_Ü`o AY©doi, nyU©doi
J«§Wmb`mV H$m_ H$aUmè`m_Ü`o pñÌ`m§Mr g§»`m _moR>çm à_mUmda AmT>iVo. EImÚm
ñÌrÀ`m g§X^m©V ZmoH$arÀ`m {R>H$mUr Va nwéfmH$Sy>Z {Xbo OmUmao à_mUm~mhoarb bj,
Aíbrb ~mobUo, hmd^md, OmoŠg, An_mZ H$aUo, ñÌr earamg ñne©, X~mdV§ÌmMm
dmna H$aUo, Xwæ`_ dmJUyH$ Á`m_wio ñÌrÀ`m ì`{º$_Îdmda n[aUm_ hmoD$Z Ë`mMo
ê$nm§Va VmUmV hmoD$ eH$Vo.
(10) Anwao _Zwî`~i (Inadequate Manpower)
H$moUË`mhr g§ñWoMo H$m_H$mO ì`dpñWV MmbÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm g§ñWoMr C{Ôï>o,
Ü`o`YmoaUo `m§Mr A§_b~OmdUr ì`dpñWV hmoÊ`mgmR>r _Zwî`~imMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo.
nU ho _Zwî`~i gJirH$S>o gmaIoM Agob Ago Zmhr. AmOH$mb H$moUË`mhr J«W§ mb`mV
_Zwî`~i hr ~m~ AË`§V Jw§VmJw§VrMr d ZmOyH$ ~Zbr Amho. _Zwî`~imer g§~§{YV
g§KQ>Zm, Ë`m§Mo h¸$mgmR>r PJS>Uo, Ë`m§Zm Úmdo bmJUmao bm^ d Ë`mVrb Vm§{ÌH$
AS>MUr d Jw§VdUyH$, àg§Jr Ë`m§Zm g§ñWoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ ñdIMm©Zo Úmdo bmJUmao
à{ejU d d`naËdo CnbãY _Zwî`~img `oUmar {e{WbVm Aem g_ñ`m§_i
w o ~è`mM
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 68
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 69
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 70
A{YaVm
amJ, H«$moY, qMVm
JS>~S>Uo
CÎmoOZm
Agwa{jVVm
{ZÐmZme
AmH«$_H$ _ZpñWVr
EH$mH$snUmMr ^mdZm
bj H|$ÐrV Z hmoUo
{ZU©` j_Vm ImbmdUo
hmñ`mMm A^md
{dñ_aU
gm_mÝ` ~wÕrMm èhmg
{dMmamV AS>Wio
AkmV ^`
CbQ> gwbQ> {dMma
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Yy_«nmZ
V§~mIy Am{U JwQ>H$m godZmV dmT>
Mhm Am{U H$m°\$s A{V {nUo
_Ú godZmÀ`m à_mUmV dmT>
ZIo H$mT>Uo, JwS>Ko hb{dUo
g_mOmVyZ ~{hîH¥$V
CXmgrZ Ñï>r
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_m§gnoer_Ü`o VUmd
A{Z`{_V ídmg JVr
Vm|S> H$moaS>o nS>Uo
hmVmbm Km_ `oUo
nmoQ>mV CbWm nmbQ> hmoUo
hmV W§S> nS>Uo
dma§dma bKdrMr BÀN>m hmoUo
WH$ì`mMr ^dZm
AnMZ N>mVr_Ü`o OiOi hmoUo
gwñV dmQ>Uo
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4. emar[aH$ bjUo
↓
AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ Amnë`m {dbjU emoYmZ§Va, g§emoYZmZ§VagwÕm VUmd
_moOÊ`mV An`er R>abo Amho. H$maU `mMm H$moUVmhr _mnX§S> Zmhr. OmñVrV OmñV
VUmdJ«ñV bmoH$gwÕm pñWVrnmgyZ AZ{^k AmhoV. H$maU _Zwî` `mÀ`m bjUm§Zm
An[a{MV Agë`m_wio H$moUVrhr à{V{H«$`m ì`º$ H$arV Zmhr.
Oa EH$Xm VUmdmMo gd© bjU AmoiIVm Ambo, Va AmnU Amnë`m à{V{H«$`oV
~Xb AmUy eH$Vmo. `m VUmdmÀ`m bjUm§Mo AZoH$ àH$ma Agy eH$VmV.
2. AH$bZr` H$maUo
VUmdmMr bjUo (Sysmptoms of Stress)
1. ì`dhmamVrb bjUo
(12) AZno{jV g_ñ`m (Unexpected Problem)
J«§Wmb`mV AMmZH$ {Z_m©U hmoUmè`m g_ñ`o_wio J«§Wnmbmbm VmUmbm gm_moao
Omdo bmJÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. Aem g_ñ`mMm _mZ{gH$ n[aUm_ H$em àH$mao hmoVmo
hm _V^oXmMm {df` Agbm Var Aem AZno{jV `oUè`m g_ñ`m_wio VmU `oÊ`mMr
{ZpíMV eŠ`Vm AgVo. CXm. g§JUrH$aU Pmboë`m J«§Wmb`mV H$m_ H$aV AgVmZm
AMmZH$nUo H$mhr Vm§{ÌH$ AS>MUr Amë`mZo g§JUH$mVrb g§nUy © S>Qo >m {S>brQ> Pmë`mg
d Ë`mMm H$moUVmhr ~°H$An Zgë`mg _moR>r g_ñ`m {Z_m©U hmoVo Am{U Aem AZno{jV
Amboë`m g_ñ`m VmUH$maH$ n[apñWVr {Z_m©U H$aVmV.
VUmdmMr bjUo
(11) g§KQ>ZmË_H$ AWdm g§ñWmË_H$ dmVmdaUmer g§~{§ YV VmU (Stress
Related to Organization Climate)
J«§Wnmb Á`m g§ñWoV H$m`© H$arV Agob Ë`m g§ñWoMr aMZm, {VWbo dmVmdaU
`m§Mm Ë`mÀ`mer OdiMm g§~Y§ AgVmo. {VWo Ë`mbm {_iUmao g_mYmZ qH$dm Ag_mYmZ
ho g§KQ>ZmË_H$ dmVmdaUmMo _yë`_mnZ, Ë`mMo g§dXo Z `m§da Adb§~Zy AgVo. g§KQ>ZmË_H$
dmVmdaUmÀ`m g§X^m©V J«W§ nmbmbm H$moUË`mhr {ZU©` à{H«$`oV gh^mJr H$ê$Z Z KoU,o
n[aUm_H$maH$ g§dmXmMm A^md, Ë`mÀ`m dV©Zmdê$Z AZmR>m`r ~§YZo, A§VJ©V
amOH$maU, AmnbonUmMr ^mdZm ZgUo, H$bw{fV dmVmdaU, H$m_m~m~V Agwa{jVVm
ho gd© KQ>H$ J«§Wnmbm_Ü`o _mZ{gH$ AñdñW {Z_m©U H$aUmao Agy eH$VmV.
3. ^mdZmË_H$ bjUo
g§ñWm§_Ü`o _Zwî`~imÀ`m g§X^m©V hñVjon hmoVmo. H$_rV H$_r _Zwî`~imÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
OmñVrV OmñV H$m_mMr Anojm R>odbr OmVo. VgoM J«§Wmb`mV nwaogo _Zwî`~i Amho.
na§Vw Vo _Zwî`~i AH$m`©j_ Agë`mg J«§Wnmbmbm J«§Wmb`rZ ì`dñWmnZmV Vr EH$
S>mHo $o XwIr R>aVo. Aem AH$m`©j_ qH$dm Anwè`m _Zwî`~imH$Sy>Z J«W§ mb`rZ H$m`© H$ê$Z
KoV AgVmZm AZoH$ g_ñ`m§Zm J«§Wnmbmbm gm_moao Omdo bmJVo Am{U Ë`mVyZ VmUmMr
{Z{_©Vr hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm A{YH$ AgVo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 71
VmU - g§~§{YV n[aUm_ (Stress - Related Consequences)
VmUmMo ì`dñWmnZ (Stress Management)
(1) _Zmoemar[aH$ n[aUm_
VmUmMo àË`jmV _Zmoemar[aH$ n[aUm_ hmoD$Z Ë`mMm ì`º$sÀ`m Amamo½`mda
n[aUm_ hmoD$ eH$Vmo. Ë`m_wio Ago gy{MV Ho$bo OmVo H$s, _Zmogm_m{OH$ CÔrnHo$
eara{H«$`mda n[aUm_ H$aVmV. Ë`mMm CbQ> n[aUm_ earam§VJ©V {H«$`m§da hmoVmo.
earamVrb {d{dY òmd g§ajUmË_H$ `§ÌUoVrb amgm`{ZH$ ~Xbmda n[aUm_ hmoD$Z
`m `§ÌUm VmUm_wio {H«$`merb hmoVmV d Ë`mMm EH$ ^mJ åhUyZ H°$Zm°Z (1935) Zo
dU©Z Ho$ë`mà_mUo bT>m qH$dm niyZ Om hr à{V{H«$`m CX²^dVo.
_mZdr OrdZmV eyÝ` VmU qH$dm VmUa{hV AdñWm AgUo eŠ` Zmhr. H$mhr
Zm H$mhr à_mUmV VmU hm AgUmaM, _mÌ Vmo Vrd« hmoD$ Z`o `mMr I~aXmar ¿`m`bm
hdr. VmUmMr Vrd«Vm H$_r hmoD$Z Vmo gwgø H$gm hmoD$ eHo$b `m {XeoZo à`ËZ H$am`bm
hdoV. `mbmM VmUmMo ì`dñWmnZ qH$dm VmU {Z`§ÌU åhUVmV. VmU ì`dñWmnZm_Ü`o
VmUmer g§~§{YV à{V{H«$`m§da _mV H$aUo, Ë`mÀ`mda {Z`§ÌU R>odUo Am{U Ë`m
à{V{H«$`m§Zm {Xem {Xë`m_wio VmUmMr Vrd«Vm H$_r hmoB©b. VmUmer gm_moao OmUmè`m
H$mhr e¡br AmhoV _mÌ g§emoYH$m§Zr Á`mda A{YH$ ^a {Xbobm Amho Ë`mMm {dMma
nwT>rbà_mUo H$aVm `oB©b.
(2) Amamo½`{df`H$ n[aUm_
gm_m{OH$ Am{U dU©ZmË_H$ emñÌmZwgma EImÚm dmT>r_Ü`o _mZgemñÌr`
KQ>H$m§Mr ^y{_H$m _hÎdmMr AgVo. qQ>H$b (1987) À`m _VmZwgma ì`º$sÀ`m
g^modVrbÀ`m dmVmdaUmH$Sy>Z Or _m{hVr ñdm`Îm _‚mmg§ñWoH$S>o nmR>{dbr OmVo Ë`mMm
n[aUm_ ì`º$sÀ`m Amamo½`mda hmoVmo. VUmdgwÕm _|Xyda dmB©Q> à^md Q>mH$Vmo AZoH$
doim AYmªJdm`yMm PQ>H$m AWdm _|XM
y r Zg \$mQ>U,o öX`amoJ, Cƒ aº$Xm~, AñW_m,
_Yw_oh, _Zmoé½UVm, Aëg, gm§YoXwIr, Znw§gH$Vm, _m`Jo«Z, Wm`am°`S>, B. Mm n[aUm_
Amamo½`mda hmoVmo.
(3) dV©ZmË_H$ n[aUm_
VmUmMo dV©Zmda {dn[aV n[aUm_ hmoVmV. ì`º$sbm OmUdUmam VmU hm {VÀ`m
dV©Zmdê$Z bjmV `oVmo. gVVÀ`m VmUm_wio eara WHy$Z OmVo, {dñ_aU hmoV,o hmñ`mMm
A^md, {MS>{MS> hmoUo, amJmMr ^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoUo, EH$Q>o ~S>~S>Uo, Agwa{jVVm
dmQ>Uo. Oa VmU {Z_m©U H$aUmè`m KQ>H$m§Zm Q>miVm Ambo Zmhr qH$dm ^`J«ñV
AZw^dmVyZ gwQ>H$m H$ê$Z KoVm Ambr Zmhr Va ì`º$s VmUmÀ`m {ZdaUmW© Cnem_H$m§Mm
dmna H$ê$ bmJVo.
(4) g§KQ>ZmË_H$ n[aUm_
VmUmMm Amamo½`mda hmoUmè`m n[aUm_mVyZ Ë`mÀ`m H$m_mdarb H$m`© dmVmdaU
{~KS>Vo. emar[aH$ Am{U _mZ{gH$ Amamo½` {~KS>ë`mg ì`º$s H$m_mgmR>r AnmÌ
R>aVo qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m EH${ÌV n[aUm_mVyZ ì`º$sbm H$m_mnmgyZ {_iUmè`m g_mYmZmV
KQ> hmoVo. H$m`© {Zd©V©ZmV KQ> hmoD$Z CËnmXZj_Vm H$_r hmoVo. ì`º$sMo Amnë`m
ghH$mè`mer g§~§Y XwamdVmV Ë`mVyZ Ë`mMo H$m`© {Zd©V©Z KS>Vo, H$m_mV bj bmJV
Zmhr, J¡ahOoarMo à_mU dmT>Vo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 72
(1) {Z`moOZ (Planning)
J«W§ mb`mMr `mo½` C{Ôï>o R>a{dë`m{edm` J«W§ mb`mÀ`m H$moUË`mhr H$m`m©bm AW©
àmá hmoV Zmhr. VmU ì`dñWmnZmMo AZoH$ KQ>H$ AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H$s {Z`moOZ hm _yb^yV
d à_wI KQ>H$ Amho. J«§Wmb`mÀ`m Ag§»` JaOm, dmT>Ë`m godm, dmMH$m§À`m
_m{hVr{df`H$ ~XbË`m _mJÊ`m d Ë`m§Mr nyVV© m H$aUmè`m gmYZm§Mr H$_VaVm `m_wio
`oUmè`m VmUmda {Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mgmR>r {Z`moOZmbm \$ma _hÎd Amho. Ogo Amnë`m
J«§Wmb`mMo g§JUH$sH$aU H$amd`mMo R>a{dë`mg J«§Wmb` g§JUH$sH$aUmMm Aä`mg
H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mm EH$ {Z`moOZ~Õ AmamIS>m V`ma Ho$bm nm{hOo. `mV J«§Wmb`
g§JUH$sH$aUmMr JaO, J«§Wmb` g§JUH$sH$aUmMo àË`j H$m`Xo, g§JUH$sH$aUmMo
Ano{jV H$m_ nyU© hmoÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmam H$mbmdYr, g§JUH$sH$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmao
_Zwî`~i, g§JUH$sH$aU IMm©Mm A§XmO, g§JUH$sH$aUmgmR>r H$_©Mmar d dmMH$
`m§Zm bmJUmao à{ejU, H$m_mMr AmIUr, `§Ìgm_J«r XoIaoI, J«§Wmb` godH$m§À`m
O~m~Xmè`m, B. ~m~tMo `mo½` {Z`moOZ Ho$ë`mg hmVr KoVbobo J«W§ mb` g§JUH$sH$aUmMo
H$m_ `mo½` àH$mao nyU© hmoD$Z VUmdmnmgyZ Xya amhÊ`mg _moR>çm à_mUmV _XV hmoVo.
(1) _Zwî`~i {Z`moOZ
J«W§ mb`mV _Zwî`~imA^mdr AZoH$ AnyU© am{hboë`m H$m_mMm Omo VmU {Z_m©U
hmoVmo Ë`m VmUmVyZ ~mhoa nS>m`Mo Agob Va J«W§ mb`mVrb _Zwî`~imMo `mo½` ì`dñWmnZ
H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. J«W§ mb`mV CnbãY AgUmao _Zwî`~i H$mQ>Ho $moa nÕVrZo VgoM
`mo½` VèhoZo dmnaUo ho J«§WnmbmÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmVrb EH$ ^mJ Amho. Ë`mgmR>r àË`oH$
{d^mJmÀ`m H$m_mMo {díbofU H$aUo, H$m_mMm ^mJ g_OyZ KoUo, àË`oH$ {d^mJmMm
àemgH$s` Vº$m ~ZdUo, dmT>Ë`m H$m_mMm ^ma d dmMH$m§Mr JaO bjmV KoD$Z
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 73
_Zw»`~i nwa{dÊ`mV \o$a\$ma H$aUo, B. CXm. J«§W CnmO©Z Am{U gmonñH$ma {d^mJ
`m§À`mVrb H$m_mMr dmQ>Ur H$aVmZm MwH$m Z H$aVm J«§W bdH$amV bdH$a dmMH$mÀ`m
hmVr H$gm OmB©b ho ~KyZ Amdí`H$Vm dmQ>ë`mg H$m_mMm ì`mn bjmV KoD$Z XmoÝhr
{d^mJmVrb _Zwî`~i EH$Ì H$ê$Z H$m_o gmono d bdH$a hmoD$ eH$V Agë`mg Vr H$m_o
H$ê$Z ¿`mdrV. OoUHo $ê$Z Z§Va `oUmè`m g_ñ`mda {Z`§ÌU {_idUo gmono hmoD$Z J«W§ nmb
VmUmnmgyZ Xya amhÿ eHo$b.
(3) AmJ«hr - à{VnmXZerbVm (Assertiveness)
hm VmU hmVmiÊ`mMm {ddoH${Zð> d {dYm`H$ _mJ© Amho. Á`m n[apñWVr_Ü`o
`e {_iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo Ë`m n[apñWVrV AmJ«hr à{VnmXZerbVm hm VmU
ì`dñWmnZmMm A{Ve` Mm§Jbm _mJ© Amho. AmJ«hr à{VnmXZerbVo_Ü`o Xwgè`mÀ`m
h¸$m§Mr nm`_„r Z H$aVm Amnbo A{YH$ma, {dMma Am{U ^mdZm ì`º$ Ho$ë`m OmVmV.
Mm§Jë`m àH$maMm AmJ«hrnUm Am{U nwT>mH$ma KoÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` `mAmYmao H$m`©^mamÀ`m
g_ñ`m gmoS>{dVm `oVmV. Amnë`m g_ñ`m A{YH$mè`mÀ`m {ZXe©Zmg AmUyZ XoUo Cn`wº$
R>aVo. Á`mÀ`mH$S>o H$m_mMm Iyn ^ma AgVmo Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z MwH$m hmoVmV Am{U Vo Amnbo
H$m_ doioda nyU© H$ê$ eH$V ZmhrV. ho Q>miÊ`mgmR>r Amnbo {dMma AmJ«hrnUo _m§Sy>Z
`oUmè`m VmUmer Mm§Jë`m àH$mao PwO§ XoVm `oV.o CXm. d[að> ì`dñWmnH$m§Zr J«W§ mb`mVrb
gm{hË`m§Mo {S>{O`Q>m`PoeZ VrZ _{hÝ`m§V H$ê$Z _m{JVbo nU J«§Wmb`mVrb gm{hË`
_moR>çm à_mUmV Agë`mZo ho H$m_ VrZ _{hÝ`m§V hmoUo eŠ` Zgë`mg J«§WnmbmZo
AmJ«hr - à{VnmXZerbVoMm dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wmb`mVrb _Zwî`~i, CnbãY {ZYr,
J«§Wmb`mVrb dmMZgm{hË` g§»`m, `§Ìgm_J«r, H$_©Mmè`mMo à{ejU, B. gd©
J«W§ mb`mVrb dmñVd ~m~r ì`dñWmnH$m§À`m {ZXe©Zmg ñnï>nUo AmUyZ {Xë`mg VgoM
gXa H$m_mgmR>r bmJUmam H$mbmdYr, A§XmO {Xë`mg H$m_ doioV nyU© hmoVo Am{U
MwH$m hmoÊ`mMo à_mU H$_r hmoD$Z à{VnmXZerbVoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ VmU _wº$ hmoVm `oV.o
(4) _mKma KoUo (Withdrawal)
Á`m doir VUmdJ«ñV n[apñWVrMo `eñdr[aË`m AmJ«hr à{VnmXZerbVo_YyZ
qH$dm OwidyZ KoD$Z Oa gwYmaUm hmoV Zgob Va, Ë`m doir _mKma KoÊ`mMr à{V{H«$`m
hr VmUmg {Xbobr A{Ve` `mo½` à{V{H«$`m hmo`. AWm©V _mKma KoUo ho Mm§Jbo qH$dm
dmB©Q> AgV Zmhr. nU Ë`mMm dmna H$gm Ho$bm OmVmo `mda Vo Adb§~yZ AgVo.
VmËnwaVr Cnm``moOZm åhUyZ _mKma KoÊ`mÀ`m V§ÌmMm dmna Ho$ë`mg VUmd _wº$sgmR>r
Ë`mMm Cn`wº$ dmna H$aVm `oVmo. Omon`ªV H$m`_ñdê$nr Cnm` gmnS>V Zmhr qH$dm
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 74
`mo½` à`ËZm§Mm g_mdo VmU {ZdmaÊ`mgmR>r hmoV Zmhr, Vmon`ªV _mKma KoUo hmM EH$_od
n`m©` Ë`m n[apñWVrV bmJy nS>Vmo. H$mhr doigo dmMH$ Amnë`m H$m_mMm ì`mn S>mŠo `mV
R>do Zy J«W§ mb`mV `oVmo Am{U Ë`mM doigo Ë`mbm hdo Agbobo nwñVH$ H$mhr H$maUmñVd
Ë`mbm CnbãY hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr AWdm XoÊ`mg WmoS>m {db§~ hmoVmo qH$dm AÝ` H$mhr
H$maUm§dê$Z Vmo g^mgX J«§Wmb`mV dmX KmbVmo Am{U Ë`mMo ê$nm§Va ^m§S>UmV hmoVo.
Aem n[apñWVrV Ë`m g^mgXm~amo~a dmX Z dmT>dVm J«§WnmbmZo _mKma KoVë`mg
dmXmVyZ {Z_m©U hmoUmam VmU amoIVm `oVmo.
(5) VS>OmoS> H$aUo (Compromise)
VmU H$_r H$aÊ`mMm AmUIr EH$ n`m©`r _mJ© åhUOo VS>OmoS> H$aUo hmo`.
VS>OmoS>r_wio VmU VUmd nyU©nUo Zmhrgm H$aVm `oV Zmhr. nU VmUmMr Vrd«Vm Am{U
dma§dm[aVm H$_r Ho$br OmD$ eH$Vo. VS>OmoS>r_Ü`o VrZ n`m©`m§Mm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo.
A) AZwê$nVm (Conformity) Am) dmQ>mKmQ>r (Negotiation) B) à{VñWmnZ
qH$dm n`m©` (Substitution). J«§Wmb`mV AZoH$ g_ñ`m_Ü`o J«§Wnmbmbm VS>OmoS>
H$amdr bmJVo. Ogo Jobr AZoH$ df© AmnU Á`m _hm{dÚmb`mV H$m_ H$aVmo Ë`m
_hm{dÚmb`mV AMmZH$ ZdrZ àmMm`© ~XbyZ `oVmV gmh{OH$M Ë`m§Mr H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr
nÕVhr doJir AgVo. Aem doir AmnU d[að>m§À`m AnojoZwgma H$m_ H$ê$ bmJVmo.
_J hr ZdrZ H$m`©nÕVr Amnë`mbm AmdS>mo AWdm Zm AmdS>mo d[að>m§À`m Anojm§Zm
AmnU àmYmÝ` XoVmo Am{U Ë`mÀ`m H$m`©nÕVrer OwidwZ KoUo Cn`wº$ R>aVo. VgoM Oa
dmMH$m§Zr gm_y{hH$ gwÅ>rÀ`m {Xder nyU© doi J«§Wmb` CKS>o R>odÊ`mMr _mJUr Ho$br
Va `m dmMH$m§À`m `m _mJUr_wio J«§Wmb` godH$m§Mr gm_y{hH$ gwÅ>r ~§X hmoÊ`mÀ`m
^rVrZo godH$ dJ© ZmamO hmoD$ eH$Vmo Am{U godH$m§H$Sy>Z gwÅ>rÀ`m {Xder J«W§ mb` Iwbo
R>odÊ`mg {damoY Xe©dbm OmVmo. na§Vw dmMH$m§Mm {dMma H$aVm Ë`mMr hr _mJUr
J«§Wnmbmbm ZmH$maVmhr `oV Zmhr. Aem ñdê$nmÀ`m VmUmVyZ ~mhoa {ZKÊ`mgmR>r
VS>OmoS> `m V§ÌmMm dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wmb` gwÅ>rÀ`m {Xder nyU© doi Iwbo Z R>odVm AY©
doi Iwbo R>odyZ H$_©Mmè`m§Zm AmirnmirZo gwÅ>rÀ`m {Xder J«§Wmb` Iwbo H$aÊ`mMr
O~m~Xmar {Xë`mg VS>OmoS>rÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ hr g_ñ`m gmoS>dbr OmD$Z VmU _wº$
hmoVm `oB©b.
(6) ^md{daoMZ (Catharsis)
J«§Wmb`mV H$m_ H$aV AgVmZm AZoH$ g_ñ`m {Z_m©U hmoV AgVmV. øm
g_ñ`m§_wio ZH$iV H$m hmoB©Zm J«§Wnmbmda VmU `oV AgVmo. `m `oUmè`m VmUmMr
AZoH$ H$maUo Agy eH$VmV. Ogo J«§Wmb` {ZYrMr g_ñ`m, _Zwî`~imMr H$_VaVm,
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 75
AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZ, dmMH$mÀ`m g_ñ`m, H$_©Mmè`mMm H$m_MwH$manUm, V§ÌkmZmVrb
AS>MUr, B. g_ñ`m§_YyZ VmUmMr {Z{_©Vr hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. øm VmUm~m~V
Oa AmnU Xwgè`m ì`º$ser ~mobbmo Zmhr, Va VoM Vo {dMma AmnUmg gVmdrV
amhVrb Am{U Ë`mMo earamda Am{U _Zmda Imobda n[aUm_ hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo.
Amnë`m {dídmgmVrb ghH$mar ì`º$sOdi AmnU Amnë`m _ZmV Xm~yZ R>odbobo
{dMma ~mobZy XmI{dë`mg _Z _moH$io hmoVo Am{U Á`m g_ñ`m_wio VmU {Z_m©U Pmbm
Amho, Ë`m g_ñ`m à^mdrnUo gmoS>dÊ`mg _XV hmoV.o _Zmdarb AmoPo H$_r Pmë`mgmaIo
dmQ>Vo. ŠboeH$maH$ KQ>Zm ~mobyZ XmI{dë`mZo öX`mMr ñn§XZo H$_r hmoVmV. Ë`m_wio
VmUmer Pw§O XoV AgVmZm ^md {daoMZmMm qH$dm Amnë`m _ZmVrb ^mdZm ì`º$
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$ë`mg VmUmMo ì`dñWmnZ H$aÊ`mg `mV V§ÌmMm Mm§Jë`m àH$mao
Cn`moJ hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
(7) J«§WmonMma nÕVr (Bibliotheraphy)
_mZ{gH$ VmUmda, {dH$mam§da CnMma H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ajae… AJ{UV CnMma
nÕVr AmhoV. `mVrbM VmUmMr Vrd«Vm H$_r H$aUmar, VmUmMo `mo½` ì`dñWmnZ
H$aUmar à^mdr nÕV J«§WmonMma nÕVr hr hmo`. `m nÕVrbm dmMZmonMma Agohr
åhQ>bo OmVo. Amnë`mbm ZdrZ dmQ>Umam hm {df` ~amM {dH${gV Amho. nmíMmÎ`
XoemV `m {df`mda gImob Aä`mghr Ho$bm Jobm Amho. {~pãbAm `m eãXmMm AW©
nwñVH$ Agm Amho. Va Woanr åhUOo CnMma hmo`. Iao Va VmU Kmb{dÊ`mgmR>r
J«§Wnmbm§Zm J«§WmonMma nÕVr AJXr ghO eŠ` Amho. J«§WmÀ`m gm{ZÜ`mV J«§Wnmb
Agë`mZo VUmdmÀ`m n[apñWVrV Amnbm VUmdmbm Xya H$ê$ eHo$b Aem Amnë`m
AmdS>Umè`m nwñVH$mMo dmMZ Ho$ë`mZo Á`m Jmoï>r_wio VmU {Z_m©U Pmbm Amho, Ë`m
Jmoï>rnmgyZ bm§~ OmUo eŠ` hmoVo. dmMZm_wio gH$mamË_H$ {dMma {Z_m©U Pmë`mZo Á`m
g_ñ`o_wio VmU {Z_m©U Pmbm Amho Ë`m g_ñ`mH$S>o ZH$mamË_H$ Ñï>rZo ghO gmoS>dVm
`oD$ eH$VmV. nwñVH$mÀ`m dmMZmZo VmU KmbdUo hr `m nÕVr_mJrb gmYr Aer
g§H$ënZm Amho. J«§WmÀ`m dmMZmZo EHy$UM ì`{º$_Îdmda, OrdZmda, gH$mamË_H$
{dMma d¥ÕrgmR>r Z¸$sM Mm§Jbm à^md nS>Vmo Am{U ì`º$s VmUmVyZ ~mhoa nSy> eH$Vo.
(2) {Xdg^amV Amnë`mbm H$amd`mÀ`m H$m_m§Mr `mXr V`ma H$am (3) H$m_mV KmB©
H$ê$ ZH$m (4) WmoS>r WmoS>r {dlm§Vr ¿`m (5) Amnë`m hmVmVë`m H$m_mda bj H|$ÐrV
H$am (6) {_Ìm§er ~mobÊ`mgmR>r WmoS>m doi amIyZ R>odm, B.
(9) VmUm~m~V ghZerbVm dmT>dUo (Build up a Greater Tolerance
for Stress)
VmU, ghZerbVm åhUOo Vwåhr {H$Vr à_mUmV VmU ghZ H$ê$ eH$Vm Am{U
Vwåhr {ddoH$hrZVm, {dg§JVVm Z AmUVm Amdí`H$ Vo H$m_ H$ê$ eH$Uo. VUmdmÀ`m
KQ>Z_o i
w o ÌmgyZ Z OmVm Ë`m ghZ H$am`bm {eH$bo nm{hOo. jw„H$ àg§Jmdê$Z d¡VmJyZ
Z OmVm Ë`mda {Z`§ÌU R>odm`bm {eH$bo nm{hOo. VmUOÝ` n[apñWVrV H$go em§V
amhm`Mo `mMo H$m¡eë` AmË_gmV H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. Mm§Jbo Amamo½`, _`m©{XV
C{Ôï>, ^md{ZH$ Am{U _mZ{gH$ g§VwbZ, dmñVd {dMmagaUr `m§À`mV `mo½` g_Ýd`
Agbm åhUOo VmUm~m~VMr ghZerbVm dmTy> eH$Vo.
(10) ñd-OmUrd (Self Awareness)
VmUmÀ`m AZw^dm_Ü`o ñd-OmUrd \$ma _hÎdmMr Amho. Vrd« ñdê$nmMm VmU
H$m {Z_m©U Pmbm `mMr OmUrd ñdV…bm Agmdr. åhUOo {Z_m©U Pmbobm VmU ì`{º$JV
ñdê$nmVyZ {Z_m©U Pmbm Amho H$s H$mhr Jmoï>r {Z`§ÌUm~mhoa AmhoV åhUyZ VmU
{Z_m©U Pmbm Amho, B. àíZm§Mr CÎmao ñdV…M emoYbr nm{hOoV. ~è`mMXm ñdkmZmVyZ
ì`º$sMr ñdOmUrd, ñd-g§dXo Z KS>dZy VmUmer n[aUm_H$maH$[aË`m bT>m XoD$ eH$Vo.
(8) OrdZàUmbr ~XbUo (Change your Pace of Life)
AmO àË`oH$OU AË`§V YmdnirMo OrdZ OJV Amho. AJXr KS>mimÀ`m
H$mQ>çm§er Ë`mMr ñnYm© gwê$ Amho. Ë`mMm n[aUm_ åhUyZ VmUmbm gm_moao Omdo bmJV
Amho. Ë`m_wio `mo½` {Z`moOZ H$ê$Z, Amnbr JVr ~XbyZ VmU H$_r H$aUo eŠ` Amho.
`mH$[aVm nwT>rb gyMZm Cn`wº$ R>aVrb. (1) Ý`mhmargmR>r Adí` doi Úm
(11) gH$mamË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ (Positive Attitude)
ZdZdrZ emoYm§_wio V§ÌkmZm_Ü`o AÚ`mdVVm `oV Amho Am{U Ë`mMm n[aUm_
J«§Wmb`m§da hmoV Amho. V§ÌkmZm_Ü`o Á`m doJmZo ~Xb KSy>Z `oV AmhoV Ë`mM doJmZo
J«§Wmb`rZ godo_Ü`o ~Xb hmoV Amho. Ogo J«§Wmb` g§JUrH$aU H$aUo, ZoQ>d{Hª$J,
do~noO {Z{_©Vr, _oQ>mS>oQ>m, B§Q>aZoQ> V§ÌkmZ, Amon°H$, B©-OZ©bMm dmna, B§Q>aZoQ>Mm
dmna H$ê$Z _m{hVr gmXarH$aU, B. ZdrZ ~Xb AWdm V§ÌkmZ AdKS> dmMV Agë`mZo,
H$_©Mmè`m§Zm ZmoH$arMr Agwa{jVVm dmQ>U,o ~XbrMr ^rVr, ZdrZ H$m¡eë` d H$m`©nÕVr
Z ñdrH$maÊ`mMr d¥Îmr, H$_©Mmè`m§Mo à{ejU, B. H$maUm§Zr ~aoM J«§Wmb` ho ~Xb
ñdrH$maÊ`mg ghO V`ma hmoV Zmhr. na§Vw `m J«§Wmb`m§Zr ho ZdrZ ~Xb gH$mamË_H$
Ñ{ï>H$moZ ñdrH$maë`mg nwT>o V§ÌkmZmA^mdr `oUmè`m VmUmnmgyZ ghO Xya amhÊ`mg
_XV hmoBb
© . ho ZdrZ ~Xb ñdrH$maV AgVmZm Ë`m§À`m CÔoem§À`m gmW©H$VoMo {díbofU
Ho$bo Am{U gH$mamË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmZo `mVrb Nw>ß`m g§Yr Am{U bm^m§Zm AmoiIy eH$ë`mg
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 76
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 77
VgoM ZH$mamË_H$ {dMma Z H$aVm AmemdmXr, hmoH$mamË_H$ {dYm`H$ Ho$ë`mg Ë`mMm
Z¸$sM \$m`Xm hmoB©b. gH$mamË_H$ {dMma ì`º$s_Ü`o AmË_{dídmg {Z_m©U H$aVmV.
ñdV…er gH$mamË_H$ g§dmX gmYë`mMo `mo½` n[aUm_ nmhmd`mg {_iVmV. qMVm,
VmU VUmd H$_r H$aVm `oVmV.
(12) ZoV¥ËdJwU (Leadership)
J«§Wmb`mH$S>o ^anya n¡gm, CÎm_ Ago AË`mYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZ, B. {H$Vrhr gw{dYm
Agë`m Am{U g§ñWoÀ`m g§MmbH$m§Zr g§ñWoMr g§aMZm, J«§WnmbmZo J«§Wmb`rZ H$m_mMo
{Z`moOZ {H$Vrhr CËH¥$ï> Ho$bobo Agbo Var H$_©Mmè`mZo H$m_ Ho$bo Zmhr Va darb gd©
Jmoï>r {Zê$n`moJr R>ê$Z ~aoM AS>Wio {Z_m©U hmoVmV Am{U Ë`mMo ê$nm§Va VmUmV
hmoÊ`mg gwédmV hmoV.o `mÀ`m {déÕ J«W§ nmbm_Ü`o ZoVË¥ dJwU Agë`mg Anwè`m gmYZm§À`m
gmhmæ`mZoXI
o rb `oUmè`m AZoH$ g_ñ`m§Zm g_W©nUo Vm|S> XoD$Z Ë`m `mo½`àH$mao gmoS>dy
eH$Vmo Am{U H$m`© VmUmnmgyZ Xya amhÿ eH$Vmo. H$m`© VmUmnmgyZ Xya amhÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo
J«W§ nmbm_Ü`o ZoVË¥ dJwU AgUo AË`§V Amdí`H$ AmhoV. OoUHo $ê$Z J«W§ mb`rZ H$m`m©bm
`mo½` ZoV¥Ëd {_iyZ J«§Wmb`rZ H$m_o CÎm_[aË`m nyU© hmoD$ eH$Vrb.
(13) doioMo {Z`moOZ (Time Management)
àË`oH$ ì`º$sÀ`m OrdZmVrb doi ho EH$ Ago _mZdr g§gmYZ Amho, Oo B©ídamZo
gdmªZm gma»`m à_mUmV {Xbo Amho. Ë`m_wio A{Ve` _yë`dmZ Aem doioMm AmnU
gXwn`moJ Ho$ë`mg `mo½` doiVo `mo½` H$m_o H$aVm `oVmV. _mÌ Ago Z Pmë`mg VUmdmbm
gm_moao Omdo bmJVo. doioMo XS>nU ho EH$ VmUmMo òmoV R>ê$ eH$Vo. Ago hmoD$ Z`o
`mgmR>r ñdV…bm doioV ~m§YyZ KoVbo nm{hOo. ~è`mMXm VmU hm doioMo `mo½` {Z`moOZ
Z Ho$ë`mZo {Z_m©U hmoVmo. CXm. J«W§ mb`mVrb _m§S>Urda _moR>çm à_mUmV ZdrZ Amboë`m
nwñVH$m§gmR>r OmJm H$aUo ho H$m_ A{Ve` {H$MH$Q> Am{U AZmH$f©H$ Ago H$m_ Amho.
ZdrZ Amboë`m J«§Wmda gmonñH$ma H$ê$Z Vo bdH$amV bdH$a J«§Wmb`mVrb _m§S>Urda
bmdbo Jobo nm{hOo. na§Vw ~è`mM doim doioMo {Z`moOZ Zgë`mZo gXa H$m_mg {db§~
bmJVmo Am{U VmUmg gm_moao Omdo bmJVo. øm `oUmè`m VmUmnmgyZ Xya amhÊ`mgmR>r
Amnë`m doiÀo `m ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m {d{dY Šb¥ßË`m Am{U V§ÌmMm dmna H$ê$Z ñdV…À`m
H$m_mbm doie
o r g§~{§ YV g§K{Q>V Ho$bo nm{hOo. J«W§ mb`mV Amë`mnmgyZ Vo J«W§ mb`mVyZ
OmB©n`ªV doioMo H$mQ>oH$moa ì`dñWmnZ Ho$bo nm{hOo.
(14) {Z`{_V ì`m`m_ (Regularly Exercise)
VmU H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>rMm gdmªV ghOgmonm Cnm` åhUOo emar[aH$ ì`m`m_
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 78
H$aUo, emar[aH$ V§XwéñVr hm ì`º$sÀ`m OrdZmVrb AË`§V _hÎdmMm ^mJ Amho.
ì`m`m_m_wio VmUà{H«$`oÀ`m doir Zm°aE{nZo{\$ZMo àgmaU hmoVo, Ë`mMr nmVir H$_r
hmoVo, amoJà{VH$maH$ eº$s dmT>Vo, VmUm_wio hmoUmao ZH$mamË_H$ n[aUm_ H$_r hmoVmV.
ì`m`m_mgmR>r {Z`{_V doi Am{U OmJm R>adyZ Ë`mà_mUo ì`m`m_ Amdí`H$ Amho.
Á`m ì`m`m_mZo H$_mb j_Vm `oBb
© Agm ì`m`m_ àH$ma {ZdS>Uo Mm§Jbo AgVo. XaamoO
H$_rV H$_r 30 {_ZrQ>o ì`m`m_ H$amd`mg hdm.
(15) Ü`mZ (Meditation)
J«§Wnmb Amnbr ì`mdgm{`H$ O~m~Xmar nyU© H$aV AgVmZm AZoH$ g_ñ`m
{Z_m©U hmoV AgVmV. `m g_ñ`mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ J«§Wnmbmda H$moUË`m Z H$moUË`m
ñdê$nmMm VmU `oV AgVmo Am{U Ë`mMm n[aUm_ Ë`mMm H$m_mda hmoVmo. `m `oUmè`m
VmUmbm {Z`§{ÌV H$aÊ`mgmR>r VmU ì`dñWmnZm_Yrb à^mdr _mJ© åhUOo Ü`mZ.
Ü`mZ VUmd Zï> H$aÊ`mV _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m {Z^mdVmo Am{U ~XbË`m H$mim~amo~a
`mMo \$m`Xo ñnï> ê$nmZo gm_moao `oV AmhoV. ídmgmda bj H|$ÐrV H$aUo åhUOo Ü`mZ
hmo`. _mZ{gH$ VmU VUmd H$_r H$aÊ`mMo V§Ì åhUOo Ü`mZYmaUm hmo`. `m Abm¡{H$H$
Ü`mZYmaUo_i
w o ì`º$sMr gd©gmYmaU OmJ¥V AdñWoÀ`m nmVirV dmT> hmoD$Z Om{Udobm
EH$ àH$maMr àJë^Vm `oVo. g¥OZmË_H$ eara, _Z…ñdmñÏ`mgmR>r Am{U VmU{dahrV
em§V {e{Wb pñWVr àmá H$aÊ`mgmR>r `m Ü`mZmMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo.
g_mamon
àË`oH$ ì`º$sbm doJdoJù`m àH$mao VUmdmMm AZw^d `oV AgVmo. {MS>U,o {Zame
hmoUo, AñdñW dmQ>Uo, Km~aUo, B. AZw^dm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ ì`º$sH$Sy>Z VUmd ì`º$
hmoV AgVmo. VUmd emar[aH$, _mZ{gH$, ^md{ZH$ Aem ñVam§da ì`º$ Ho$bm OmVmo.
VmUmMm AZw^d àË`oH$mbmM `oV Agbm Var Ë`mMr Vrd«Vm H$_r-OmñV Agy eH$Vo.
VmU Vrd« hmoD$ Z`o `mMr I~aXmar _mÌ Amnë`mbm ¿`m`bm hdr. Ë`mMr Vrd«Vm H$_r
H$ê$Z Vmo gwgø H$gm hmoD$ eHo$b `m {XeoZo à`ËZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r VmU ì`dñWmnZ `mo½`
àH$mao H$aUo _hÎdmMm Amho.
(1) gmoZQ>¸$o , gwZrb; ^mogbo, CÎm_amd Am{U Hw$bH$Uu, AZ§V. (2008). Cn`mo{OV
_mZgemñÌ. gmobmnya … AjaboU§ àH$meZ.
(2) ~d}, ~r. EZ. (2006). VmU Am{U Amamo½`{df`H$ _mZgemñÌ. ZmJnya …
{dÚm àH$meZ.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 79
(3) N>mOoS>, {d_b. (1992). ñQ´>og _°ZoO_|Q> JmB©S> … Ü`mZ {dkmZmVyZ VUmd
_wº$s. ZB© {X„r … S>m`_§S> ~wŠg.
(4) nmQ>rb, AZKm. (2011). _°ZoO `wda ñQ´>og. _w§~B© … naMwao àH$meZ.
(5) ~wdm, Or. E. (2007). J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ ì`dñWmnZmMo Zdo àdmh.
gmd§VdmS>r … lr gmB© àH$meZ.
(6) \$S>Ho$, X. Zm. (2007). J«§Wmb` g§JUH$sH$aU Am{U AmYw{ZH$sH$aU. nwUo
… `w{Zìhg©b àH$meZ.
(7) Omoer, g. h. (1992). _mZ{gH$ VmUmda _mV H$er H$amdr. nwUo … amOoe
àH$meZ.
(8) H$moÊUya, E_. ~r.; H$moÊUya, gwOmVm Am{U JmUJm§dH$a, Cf… à^m. g§nm.
(2008). S>m`_§S> J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌH$moe, nwUo … S>m`_§S> àH$meZ.
(9) ~wdm, Or. E. Am{U gmoZQ>¸$o , Xrnmbr {H$aU. (2014). J«W§ monMma, kmZJ§JmoÌr
(3), Zm{eH$ … `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 80
B©-òmoV gm{hË` g§Jh« {dH$mg
(E-Resources Collection
Development)
àm. A{Zb Mm§JXod ~ZgmoS>o
J«§Wnmb, H$bm _hm{dÚmb`, {^JdU, Vm. B§Xmnya, {O. nwUo
E-mail : acbansode@gmail.com
"{H«$EeZ Am°\$ {S>{OQ>b [anm°PrQ>ar' `m gmH©$ S>m°Š`w_|Q>oeZ
g|Q>a Zdr {X„r Am{U Z°eZb bm`~«ar Am°\$ _mbXrd `m§Zr _mbo,
_mbXrd `oWo {X. 9 Am°JñQ> Vo 13 Am°JñQ> 2015 Xaå`mZ
Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m nmM {Xder` H$m`©emiogmR>r ^maVmMm à{V{ZYr
åhUyZ CnpñWV hmoVmo. ^maV, Zonmi, _mbXrd, lrb§H$m, ^yVmZ,
~m§JbmXoe, nm{H$ñVmZ Am{U A\$J{UñVmZ `m AmR> Xoem§Vrb
àË`oH$s XmoZ à{V{ZYr `m H$m`©emioV CnpñWV hmoVo.
CSIR NISCHAIR `m g§ñWoVrb S>m°. Za|Ð Hw$_ma, S>m° _wHo$e nw§S>,
S>m°. g§O` ^waaS>o, lr_Vr Ho$gm§J S>oMZ Dy Director SDC,
New Delhi, B~«m{h_ Zmgra Director General Natinal
Library of Maldives, lr_Vr A{_ZmW {e`wZm S>m`aoŠQ>a
National Library of Maldives BË`mXr {deofk H$m`©emioV
_mJ©Xe©Z H$aV hmoVo. {df` hmoVm ""dmMH$m§Zm Institutional
Repository À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ d BVa _mÜ`_mVyZ E-Resources
H$go CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVm `oVrb'' hm gmH©$ n[afXoZo gmH©$ XoemVrb
VÁkm§gmR>r Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m `m H$m`©emioÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo B©-òmoV
g§J«h {dH$mg d Institutional Repostory `m {df`mda Ho$bobm
hm Chmnmoh.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 81
àñVmdZm
B§Q>aZoQ> Am{U {S>OrQ>b V§ÌkmZmÀ`m {dH$mgm_wio {S>OrQ>b B©-ñdê$nmV _m{hVr
àH$m{eV H$aUo eŠ` Pmbo Amho. N>mnrb gm{hË` àH$meZmà_mUo B©-ñdê$nmVrb
gm{hË`mMr CnbãYVm hiyhiy dmT>Vo Amho. B©-ñdê$nmVrb gm{hË`mMm J«§Wmb`
g§J«hmVrb g_mdoem_wio J«§Wmb` gm{hË` g§J«hmMo ñdê$n {Xdg|{Xdg ~XbVo Amho.
`mg {_l qH$dm hm`{~«S> ñdê$n åhUVm `oBb
© . Aem àH$maMm gm{hË` g§Jh« J«W§ mb`mV
{dH${gV hmoV Amho. ""B©-òmoV gm{hË` g§J«h ì`dñWmnZ'' Aer ì`dñWmnZmMr
A{V[aº$ emIm J«§Wmb`rZ H$m_mV AmO CX`mg `oV Amho. B©-òmoV gm{hË` g§J«h
{dH$mg hm gm_mÝ`nUo nma§n[aH$ gm{hË` g§Jh« {dH$mgmnojm WmoS>m doJim àH$ma Amho.
Ë`mVrb AS>MUtnojm O~m~Xmè`mM A{YH$ AmhoV. EH$Va B©-òmoVmMr qH$_V Iyn
AgVo. ho òmoV dmnaÊ`mgmR>r {deof _m{hVrV§ÌkmZ gm_J«rMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. ho
òmoV dmnaÊ`mVrb ~§YZo (Access d License) ~aoM AmhoV. ho òmoV nyU©nUo
ì`mnmar VÎdmda CnbãY hmoV AgVmV. B©-g«mVo dmnaÊ`mg dmMH$ ZmIye Agy eH$VmV
qH$dm Ë`m§Zm B©-g«moV dmnaÊ`mgmR>r _XVrMr JaO AgVo. J«§Wmb`mV gm{hË` g§J«h
{dH$mg H$aUo ho EH$ Cƒ XOm©Mo ì`mdgm{`H$ H$m_ Amho. qH$~hþZm J«W§ mb`mZo gm{hË`
g§Jh« {dH$mg H$aUo ho EH$ Cƒ XOm©Mo ì`mdgm{`H$ H$m_ Amho. gm{hË` g§Jh« {dH$mg
H$aÊ`mV J«W§ nmbmMr Zo_H$s ^y{_H$m Agmdr bmJVo qH$~hþZm J«W§ mb`mZo gm{hË` g§Jh«
{dH$mg YmoaU V`ma H$ê$Z _JM Ë`mà_mUo g§J«h {dH$mgmMo H$m_ Ho$ë`mg J«§Wmb`
gm{hË` g§J«hmV JwUmË_H$ dmT> hmoVo Agm AZw^d Amho. Ë`mgmR>r EImÚm YmoaUmMr
{ZpíMVr Amdí`H$ AgVo. `m {df`mH$S>o diÊ`mAmYr EH$ Jmoï> g_OyZ KoD$. ho XmoZ
{^Þ {df` AmhoV. {S>OrQ>b J«W§ mb`mVrb B©-g«mVo ho ñWm{ZH$ {Z{_©V (Institutional
Repository) AgVmV d H$mhr gm{hË`mMm ~mhoê$Z g_mdoe Ho$bm OmVmo. `m XmoÝhr
àH$maÀ`m gm{hË`mMo H$m°nr amB©Q> ho g§ñWoH$S>o AgVmV. Voìhm dmMH$m§Zr hm {df`
g_OyZ KoVmZm Ë`mMm g§~Y§ {S>{OQ>b J«W§ mb`mer OmoS>y Z _ZmV Jm|Yi H$ê$Z KoD$ Z`o.
(1) B©-g«moV gm{hË` … ñdê$n d d¡{eîQ>ço
Á`mà_mUo J«W§ , {Z`VH$m{bHo$, g§X^© gmYZo d gma`wº$ gyMr~Õ gm{hË` N>mnrb
ñdê$nmV àH$m{eV hmoVmV, Ë`mMà_mUo qH$~hwZm VoM gm{hË` B©-g«mVo ñdê$nmV àH$m{eV
hmoV AgVo. Ho$di B©-ñdê$nmV àH$m{eV hmoUmè`m gm{hË`mMo à_mU H$_r Amho. B©B-©
g«mVo mÀ`m dmMÊ`mVrb gmo`r d \$m`Úm_wio Ë`m§Zm AmO OmñV _mJUr hmoV Amho. Ago
Agbo Var AmO J«§Wmb`mV B©-g«moV gm{hË` g§J«h nyU©nUo pñWamdbobm Zmhr. H$mhr
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 82
dmMH$ AOyZhr N>mnrb ñdê$nmVrb gm{hË` ng§V H$aVmV. Va dmMH$m§À`m AmJ«hmImVa
J«§Wmb`mV N>mnrb d B©-g«moV XmoÝhr ñdê$nmVrb {deofV… _yi (Core) _hÎdmMr
àH$meZo IaoXr Ho$br OmVmV. _mÌ Zì`mZo g_m{dï> H$amd`mMo gm{hË` CXm.
{Z`VH$m{bHo$ qH$dm gma`wº$ gy{M~Õ gmYZo hr N>mnrb ñdê$nmEodOr Ho$di B©ñdê$nmV {dH$V KoVbr OmVmV. H$maU Ë`m_wio {ZYrMr ~MV hmoD$ eH$Vo. H$mhr doim
H$Ýgmo{Q>`© m _mÜ`_mVyZ B©-g«mVo mMr dJ©Ur H$_r Agë`mg H$Ýgmo{Q>`© m A§VJ©V B©-g«mVo mMr
dJ©Ur ^abr OmVo.
B©-g«moV gm{hË`mMr ì`m»`m Úmd`mMr Pmë`mg Vr Aer _m§S>Vm `oB©b H$s,
""Ago gm{hË` H$s Oo {d{dY àH$maÀ`m g§JUH$mÛmam CnbãY hmoVo'' EH$ Va B©-g«moV
g§JUH$mda ñWm{ZH$ ñdê$nmVrb ~g{dbm OmVmo qH$dm Vmo ~mø {R>H$mUÀ`m gìh©aer
g§nH©$ H$ê$Z B§Q>aZoQ> V§ÌkmZmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo CnbãY Ho$bm OmVmo. J«§Wmb`mVrb B©ñdê$nmV eãXH$mo e qH$dm kmZH$mo e ( Dictionary or Multimedia
Encyclopedia) KoVbo OmVmV d Ë`mMr nyU© _mbH$s N>mnrb J«W
§ mà_mUo J«W§ mb`mH$S>o
AgVo. `mgmaIo B©-g«mVo gm{hË` gmoS>ë`mg BVa gd© B©-g«mVo gm{hË` àH$ma J«W§ mb`mV
Ho$di dmnaÊ`mgmR>rM (On Lease) CnbãY hmoVmV. Ë`mMr _mbH$s J«§Wmb`mg
{_iV Zmhr. gXa gm{hË` EH$Xm dJ©Ur ^ê$Z KoVë`mda Vo nwT>rb dfu Mmby R>do Ê`mgmR>r
Xadfu dJ©Ur ^amdrM bmJVo. ho òmoV dmnaV AgVm Ë`mMr nyU© àV g§JUH$mV ^{dî`
H$mimgmR>r gmR>dyZ R>odVm `oV Zmhr. EImÚm B©-ñdê$nmVrb {Z`VH$m{bH$mMr dJ©Ur
^aUo Wm§~dë`mg nydu dJ©Ur ^ê$Z CnbãY Pmbobm òmoVhr {XgUo ~§X hmoVo. N>mnrb
{Z`VH$m{bH$mà_mUo nyduMo I§S> gmR>dyZ R>odVm `oV ZmhrV. dJ©Ur ~§X Pmë`mda Ago
òmoV ~§X hmoD$ Z`oV `mH$[aVm àW_nmgyZM Ë`mMr VaVyX qH$dm àH$meH$m~amo~a H$ama
H$aUo JaOoMo AgVo. OoUo H$ê$Z nyduMo I§S> Archival ñdê$nmV Var J«§Wmb`mV
{e„H$ amhVrb.
B©-g«mVo mMo Xwgao d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo Vo Am°\$ bmB©Z (Off Line) qH$dm Q>ßß`mQ>ßß`mZo
CnbãY hmoUmao AgVmV qH$dm Am°ZbmB©Z (Online) ñdê$nmMo åhUOo gVV {XgUmao
d AÚ`mdV (Uptodate) Ago AgVmV. Am°\$ bmB©Z ñdê$nmVrb B©-g«moV ho
gd©gmYmaUnUo gr.S>r. ñdê$nmV CnbãY hmoVmV, Va Am°Z bmB©Z nÕVrVrb òmoV ho
B§Q>aZoQ>Ûmam gVV CnbãY hmoVmV.
B©-g«mVo gm{hË`mMm Cn`moJ (Access) g§ñWoÀ`m àmW{_H$ gXñ`m§naw Vm _`m©{XV
AgVmo. B©-g«moVmVrb _m{hVr qH$dm òmoV BVa J«§Wmb`m§Zm dmnaÊ`mg (Resource
Sharing gmR>r) XoVm `oV ZmhrV qH$dm Ë`m§À`m EH$Ì dmnahr H$aVm `oV Zmhr. `m
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 83
òmoVm§Mr nyd© àV H$mTy>Z R>odVm `oV Zmhr. Ë`mVrb _m{hVr emoYyZ B©-_obZo g§ñWo~mø
J«§Wmb`mg nmR>{dVm `oV Zmhr. A_w{ÐV J«§WoVa gm{hË`mMr `mXr Iyn _moR>r Amho. gd©
_mÜ`_m§da AmYm[aV ho òmoV AmhoV. BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_mda AmYm[aV òmoVm§Mo ""B©g«moV'' Ago gm_y{hH$ Zmd Amho.
(2) B©-òmoV gm{hË` … {d{dY àH$ma
Odi Odi gd© emñÌ Am{U V§ÌkmZ {df`m§V AmO B©-ñdê$nmV gm{hË`
àH$m{eV hmoV Amho. `m gd© gm{hË`mV H$mhr g_mZ àH$ma AmT>iVmV. Ë`m§Mr `mXr
nwT>rbà_mUo …
(1) {ZX}e Am{U gma {Z`VH$m{bHo$ (Indexing and Abstracting Journals)
àH$mamVrb qH$dm Á`m§Zm gyMr~Õ qH$dm Bibliographic with Abstract
and without Abstract Ago åhUVmV.
(2) B©-OZ©b nyU© ñdê$nmV (E-Journal Full Text)
(3) B©-~wŠg
(4) g§X^© S>oQ>m~og (Subject Ref. Database Abstract) gyMr~Õ
(5) g§X^© S>oQ>m~og (nyU© ñdê$nmV)
(6) gm§p»`H$s _m{hVrMo S>oQ>m~ogog CXm. Census Data
(7) ^m¡Jmo{bH$ _m{hVr g§X^© S>oQ>m~og (Georeferenced Database)
darb g_mZ àH$mamì`{V[aº$ {H$_Vrgh Am{U {Z…ewëH$ àH$mahr AgVmV.
CXm. Fee Based Resources Oo CnbãY H$aÊ`mgmR>r \$s Úmdr bmJVo d
Fee E-Resources Á`mMm dmna H$aVmZm \$s Úmdr bmJV Zmhr. Á`m§Zm
Public Domain Sources Agohr åhUVmV. `m ì`{V[aº$ B©-òmoVmMo BVahr
àH$ma nmhm`bm {_iVmV. Á`mV ãbm°½O, do~gmB©Q>g² qH$dm g§H$o V ñWio, hmBna
qbŠg, B§Q>aZoQ>da {_iUmao B©-òmoV VgoM B©-J«§Wmb` `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo.
na§Vw B©-òmoV gm{hË` g§J«h {dH$mgmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ àñVwV àH$aUmgmR>r
B§Q>aZoQ>darb _m{hVrnyU© VgoM Am°ZbmB©Z àH$mamVrb òmoV gmoS>bo Va BVa
òmoV bjmV KoVbobo ZmhrV. B§Q>aZoQ>darb Ý`yO M°Zob, Ho$~b Q>rìhr M°Zob
`m§Zmhr {dMmamV KoVbobo Zmhr. B©-òmoV àH$m{eV H$aUmè`m {d{dY g§ñWm§_Ü`o
ì`mnmar VÎdmda H$m_ H$aUmè`m g§ñWm, Zm°Z àm°{\$Q> _oqH$J àH$mamVrb g§ñWm,
ì`mdgm{`H$ g§KQ>Zm, VgoM ImOJr g§ñWm `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 84
(3) B©-òmoV (qH$_V AgUmao
_mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo
Fee bases)
gm{hË` CnmO©Z …
`m {df`mVrb àñVwV à_wI KQ>H$m§À`m nwT>rb _wÚm§da AmnU H«$_mH«$_mZo MMm©
H$aUma AmhmoV. CXm.
(1) B©-òmoV gm{hË`mMr {ZdS>-{ZH$f
(2) B©-òmoV gm{hË` {ZdS> à{H«$`m
(3) Vm§{ÌH$ H$m`©àUmbr d nÕVrMm dmna (Functionality and System
Reliability)
(4) B©-òmoV CnbãYVm (Access) d Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~r
(5) ìh|S>g©Mm gh^mJ d ghH$m`©
(6) B©-òmoV dmnaÊ`mMr nadmZJr (Licensing)
(7) B©-òmoVm§À`m {H$_Vr (Pricing)
(4) B©-òmoV gm{hË`mMr {ZdS>-{ZH$f
B©-òmoV gm{hË`mMr J«§Wmb`mgmR>r {ZdS> H$aVmZm H$mhr {ZH$f {ZpíMV H$aUo
JaOoMo Amho. CXm.
A) J«§Wmb`mVrb gm{hË` g§J«hmV EImÚm ZdrZ B©-ómoVmMm A§V^m©d H$am`Mm
Agob Va Vmo g§ñWoÀ`m e¡j{UH$ VgoM g§emoYZ H$m`©H«$_m§Zm gmhmæ`^yV R>aUo
JaOoMo AgyZ Ë`m_wio gm{hË` g§J«hmMr XOm©Ë_H$ Imobr dmT>br nm{hOo.
~) B©-ñÌmoV {ZdS>VmZm {df`mÀ`m à_wI d BVa gd© g§~{§ YV {dÚmemIoVrb dmMH$
g_yhm§Mo g_mYmZ hmoB©b Agm gwdU©_Ü` gmYbm nm{hOo.
H$) nydb
© ú`r gm{hË` ómoV (Archival Material) gmoS>Vm {ZdS>bëo `m B©-ómoVmV
àH$m{eV hmoUmar _m{hVr/kmZ ho gVV AÚ`mdV, ZyVZ (Current) amhrb
Ago hdo. VgoM Vmo Ë`mÀ`m _yi N>mnrb ñdê$nm~amo~a àH$m{eV hmoUmam Agmdm.
XmoKm§À`m àH$meZmV {db§~ Zgmdm.
S>) B©-ómoVmVrb {df`/Ame` ho Ë`m {df`mVrb _mÝ`da àH$meH$m§Zr àH$m{eV
Ho$bobo d VÁk, AZw^dr d _mÝ`da boIH$m§Zr gmXa Ho$bobo AgmdoV. Ë`mVrb
gm{hË` JwUdÎmmnyU© (Professional Peer Reviewed) Ago Agmdo.
B) B©-ómoVmVrb gm{hË` Ë`mÀ`m N>mnrb ñdê$nmer VwbZm H$aVm Vo V§VmoVV§ OwiUmao
d n[anyU© Agmdo. `mMm AW© Agm H$s, _yi N>mnrb gm{hË`mVrb Agbobo gd©
boI, à{V_m, AmH¥$Ë`m, AmboI d g§X^© VgoM Vºo$ `m§Mm g_mdoe B©-ómoVmVhr
AgbmM nm{hOo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 85
5)
B©-ómoV gm{hË` {ZdS> à{H«$`m
B©-ómoVm§Mr qH$_V àM§S> Agë`mZo Ë`m§Mr {ZdS> hr emóewÕ nÕVrZwgma,
H$miOrnyd©H$ d S>moignUo H$aUo _hÎdmMo Amho. B©-ómoV {ZdS>VmZm Ë`mg e¡j{UH$
d g§emoYZ _yë` Amho H$m? Vo gd©_mÝ` (University Accepted) Amho H$m ? d
Ë`mÀ`m àH$meZmMm XOm© Cƒ Amho H$m? `mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿`mdr. B-ómoV {ZdS>rMm
{ZU©` KoUmar EH$ ñdV§Ì g{_Vr Agmdr. Ë`mMà_mUo B©-ómoV {ZdS>rg {df`mÀ`m
gd© ñVam§Vrb dmMH$ g_yhmMr _mÝ`Vm Amho H$m hohr Z¸$s H$amdo. dmMH$m§Mr B©ómoVm~Ôb _Vo AmO_mdÊ`mgmR>r dmMH$m§Zm ZdrZ B©-ómoVm~Ôb g§nyU© _m{hVr XoD$Z
VgoM Amdí`H$ Ago àmË`{jH$ XmIdyZ ho ómoV Ë`mÀ`m e¡j{UH$ d g§emoYZ C{Ôï>me
§ r
H$go {ZJ{S>V d Cn`wº$ AmhoV `m~Ôb nmhUr nÕVrZo _m{hVr Jmoim H$amdr. Aem
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{ZU©` KoVmZm dmnamdoV. {d{eï> {df`mVrb qH$dm gm_mÝ` Aem Á`m B©-ómoVm§Zm
OmñV _Vo AgVrb VoM ómoV {ZdS>dVo . `m à{H«$`o_i
w o àË`oH$ ZdrZ CnbãY hmoUmè`m
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Ago Pmbo VaM B©-ómoV g§Jh« {dH$mg H$m_mbm `e {_iob. EImÚm {df`mV EH$gmaIr
ì`már Agbobo AZoH$ B©-ómoV CnbãY AgVrb Va Ë`m ómoVmÀ`m dmnam~m~V qH$_V
n[aUm_H$maH$Vm (Cost effectivness) _yë`_mnZmMm AmYma ¿`mdm. Ago gd©
ómoV dmMH$m§Zm XmIdyZ Ë`m§Mrhr _Vo AO_mdrV d `mo½` Vmo {ZU©` ¿`mdm. B©-ómoVm§~Ôb
BVa g§ñWm /J«§Wmb`mVrb Ë`m§À`m dmnam~m~VMr _m{hVr, Ë`m§Mm AZw^d `m§Mr
XodmUKodmU H$aUo ho ómoV {ZdS>rg nyaH$ d {hVmMo R>aVo.
6)
B©-ómoV Vm§{ÌH$ H$m`©àUmbr d nÕVrMm dmna (Functionality
and use of Systems)
B©-ómoV gm{hË`mÀ`m g_mdoem_wio _yi gm{hË`mg A{V[aº$ qH$_V (Added
Value) àmá hmoVo. ho ghO eŠ` ìhmdo `mgmR>r B©-ómoV dmnaÊ`mÀ`m àUmbr d
nÕVr `m dmMH$m§gmR>r _¡ÌrnyU© (Use Friendly) Agmì`mV. `mg§~Y§ r H$mhr Cn`wº$
~m~r åhUOo
· B©-ómoVmMr _m{hVr gm§JUmam nS>Xm (Introductory Screen)
· Am°ZbmB©Z Q>çwQ>mo[aAb
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 86
·
·
dmMH$m§gmR>r _XV (Help menu)
g§Xoe XoUmao nm°n-An ñH«$sZ
`m§gma»`m gw{dYm B©-ómoVm~amo~a CnbãY Agmì`mV. emoY nÕVr d n«Vràmár
àUmbr gj_/e{º$embr, AmYw{ZH$, AÚ`mdV VgoM bdMrH$ Agmì`mV. Á`m_Ü`o
dmMH$m§À`m {d{dY ñVam§er OwiUmè`m nÕVr Agmì`mV CXm.
gm_mÝ` emoY, {ZX}e `mXr, erf©H$ emoY, Cƒ XOm©Mr ~w{b`Z emoY nÕVr,
`m§~amo~a emoY à{H«$`m gwb^ hmoÊ`mgmR>r {df` {Wgm°ag, {Z`§{ÌV eãXH$moe `m§gma»`m
gmo`r Agmì`mV. emoY à{H«$`oV Truncation qH$dm Vicinity/near by search
gma»`m nÕVr dmnaÊ`mMr gmo` Agmdr. dmMH$m§Zr emoY à{H«$`m nyU© Ho$ë`mda àmá
Pmbobr _m{hVr gmR>{dÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Agmdr d Vr hmVmiÊ`mMo {d{dY _mJ© CnbãY
AgmdoV. CXm. B©-_ob, E\$.Q>r. nr., N>nmB© VgoM S>mCZbmo{S>§J B©-ómoVm§_YyZ {d{eï>
{df` g§kmÀ`m AmYmao Ho$bobm emoY ^{dî`H$mimgmR>r OnyZ R>odÊ`mgmR>r Search
History, Portfolio `mgma»`m nÕVr {Z_m©U H$aVm Amë`m nm{hOoV. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m
g§kmg§~§Yr ómoVmV Zì`mZo g_m{dï> hmoUmar _m{hVr AmnmoAmn ómoVmH$Sy>Z dmMH$mg
B©-_obÛmam nmR>dbr Jobr nm{hOoV qH$dm Ë`m~ÔbMr AmR>dU H$idVm (Alert)
Ambr nm{hOo. àñVwV ómoVmVrb _m{hVr emoYV AgVmZm ómoVm~mhoarb BVa ómoVm§H$S>o
{ZX}e H$aUmè`m OmoS>Ê`m (Links) CnbãY Agmì`mV. gyMr~Õ-gma`wº$ B©-ómoV
emoYVmZm, emoYboë`m gyMrVyZ J«§Wmb`mVrb CnbãY nyU© ñdê$nmVrb (Full Text)
ómoVmer OmoS>Ê`mMr d Vo dmnaÊ`mMr (Costomization) gmo` Agmdr.
7)
B©-ómoV CnbãYVm (Access) d Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~r (Access to
Resources and Relatcal Technical Considerations)
H$moUVmhr B©-ómoV J«§Wmb` g§J«hmV g_m{dï> H$aVmZm {d{eï> Vm§{ÌH$ nÕVrZo
Vmo CnbãY (To provide access) Ho$bm OmVmo. B©-ómoV J«W§ mb`mV {d{dY nÕVrZo
CnbãY Ho$bo OmVmV. Ë`m nÕVr~Ôb (Access Related) Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~r H«$_mH«$_mZo
AmnU g_OmdyZ KoUma AmhmoV.
Am°\$bmB©Z nÕV (Off-Line)
J«W§ mb`mV B©-ómoV Am°\$ bmB©Z nÕVrZo KoÊ`mMr OwZr nÕV hmoVr. Ago ómoV ho
Q>ßß`mQ>ß`mZo àH$meH$mH$Sy>Z nwa{dbo OmVmV. d Ë`m§Mo EH$ÌrH$aU Ho$bo OmVo
(Comutation). dmMH$m§Zm Ago Am°\$bmB©Z ómoV EH$m g§JUH$mV Standalone
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ñdê$nmV J«W§ mb`mVM dmnaÊ`mg {Xbo OmVmV qH$dm Vo ZoQ>dH©$ nÕVrZo AZoH$ ì`º$s¨Zm
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gr. S>r. V§ÌkmZ AmV OwZo hmoV Agë`mZo gr. S>r. ñdê$nmV B©-ómoV g§J«h {dH$mg
H$aUo Q>mimdo. H$maU Am°Z bmB©Z ñdê$n dmnaÊ`mV AZoH$ gmo`r d \$m`Xo AmhoV.
Am°ZbmB©Z nÕV (Online Access)
Am°ZbmB©Z hr EH$ gd©gmYmaU B©-ómoV CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMr nÕV Amho.
Am°ZbmB©Z nÕVrZo B©-ómoV CnbãY H$aÊ`mVhr {d{dY àH$ma AmhoV. CXm. ñQ>±S>
AbmoZ CnbãYVm (Access on stand Alone System) `m nÕVrZo EH$mdoiog
EH$M dmMH$ B©-ómoV dmnê$ eH$Vmo.
~hþ{dY CnbãYVm (Multiple Access)
`m nÕVrV B©-ómoV hm EH$m doioda AZoH$ dmMH$ (symulteneously)
EH$gmaIm dmnê$ eH$VmV. `m nÕVrV EH$m doiog XmoZ dmMH$, VrZ dmMH$ qH$dm
nmM dmMH$ AZoH$ n`m©` CnbãY AgVmV d `m H«$_mZoM B©-ómoVm§Mr qH$_V R>aV
AgVo. EH$m doiog A_`m©X dmMH$m§Zr EH$gmaIo ómoV dmnaUo hm {H$_VrMm Ñï>rZo
AË`wƒ ñVa Amho.
J«§Wmb` B_maVrV d n[agamV (Site License) B©-ómoVmMr CnbãYVm
B©-ómoV qH$dm {H$_VrÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Vo CnbãY H$aVmZm darb XmoZ àH$mamZo
CnbãY Ho$bo OmVmV. EH$Va CnbÕVm hr J«§Wmb` B_maVrnwaVrM _`m©{XV AgVo
qH$dm g§ñWoÀ`m gd© n[aga^a Vo CnbãY Ho$bo OmD$ eH$VmV. Á`mg Site License
Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. `mg [a_moQ> A°Šgog åhQ>bo OmVo. EH$ Va ñWm{ZH$ b°ZÛmam gd©
n[agamV B-ómoV CnbãY Ho$bo OmVmV qH$dm {d{dY ŠbmE§Q> ñWm{nV H$ê$Z Vo gìh©aer
WoQ> OmoS>bo OmVmV. darbn¡H$s Or nÕV ñdrH$mabr Agob Ë`mà_mUo B©-ómoVmMr
qH$_V R>aV AgVo.
B©-ómoV Ho$di ~KÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm A_`m©X CnbãYVm nÕV
H$mhr B©-ómoV Ho$di nmhÊ`mgmR>r CnbãY hmoD$ eH$VmV, Á`mg Browsing
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 88
Access Ago åhUVmV. `m nÕVrV Ë`mVrb boI S>mD$ZbmoS> H$aÊ`mgmR>r nadmZJr
AgV Zmhr. `m{déÕ Unlimited Access Aer nÕV AgVo Á`m`moJo dmMH$m§Zm
A_`m©X CnbãYVm {_iy eH$Vo. `m nÕVrV ómoVmVrb H$mhr ^mJmMr àV ~Z{dUo,
B©-_ob H$aUo, E\$.Q>r.nr. H$aÊ`mg nadmZJr AgVo.
B©-ómoV àË`jnUo dmMH$m§Zm CnbãY H$aVmZm {d{dY nÕVrZo Vo {Xbo OmVmV.
`mMo _w»` XmoZ àH$ma AmhoV.
1) Am`. nr. {\$ëQ>[a¨JÛmam (Through IP Filtering)
g§ñWoV B©-ómoV {dH$V KoVë`mda dmMH$m§Zm {d{eï> A{YH$ma XoD$ZM Vo dmnaÊ`mg
{Xbo OmVmV. gd© B©-ómoV ñWm{ZH$ ZoQ>dH©$da Public Domain gmaIo dmnamV
AmUVm `oV ZmhrV. dmMH$m§Zm dmnamMo A{YH$ma XoVmZm H$mhr R>amdrH$ g§JUH$mdaM
B©-ómoV CnbãY Ho$bo OmVmV. Ë`m§Mo Am`. nr. (IP) àH$meH$m§Zm H$idbobo AgVmV.
b°ZÀ`m BVa g§JUH$mda Vo CnbãY hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. `m nÕVrg Am`. nr. {\$ëQ>[a¨J
nÕV åhUVmV.
2) {deof A{YH$ma (Authentication)
Xwgar nÕV åhUOo dmMH$m§Zm B©-ómoV dmnaÊ`mgmR>r {deof nadmZJr /A{YH$ma
{Xbo OmVmV. {deof A{YH$ma Authentication Ago Ë`mg Zmd AgyZ dmMH$ Ë`m§Zm
{Xboë`m bm°J B©Z Am`. S>r. (Log In ID) d nmgdS>©Mm dmna H$ê$ZM B©-ómoV
dmnê$ eH$VmV.
[a_moQ> A°Šgog qH$dm Am`. nr. {\$ëQ>[a¨J nÕVr hr OmñV gmo`tMr AgVo Agm
AZw^d Amho, Á`m_wio OmñVrV OmñV CnbãYVm, doJdmZ emoY nÕV, {H$_VrMr
~MV, H$_rV H$_r AS>MU d XoI^mbrVrb gmonno Um B. \$m`Xo Ë`m_wio hmoD$ eH$VmV.
BŠñQ´>mZoQ> V§ÌkmZ ñdrH$mê$Z n[agam~mhoê$Zhr Amnë`m dmMH$m§Zm B©-ómoV
CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMr nÕV ñdrH$mabr OmVo. bm°J B©Z Am`. S>r. d nmgdS>©À`m
gmhmæ`mZo ho eŠ` hmoVo, na§Vw Ë`mV Iyn YmoHo$ AmhoV.
B©-ómoV ñdrH$maVmZm B©-ómoVm§Mo V§ÌkmZ ho g§ñWoA§VJ©V g§JUH$mÀ`m nm`m^yV
V§ÌkmZmer (Windows, Unix, Linux or MAC) {_iVoOwiVo hmoB©b ho nmhUo
Amdí`H$ Amho. OwÝ`m nm`m^yV S>mg° gma»`m V§ÌkmZmda AmYm[aV B©-g«mVo KoUo Q>mibo
nm{hOo. B©-ómoV {dH$V KoUo dmnamVrb _hÎdmMr Jmoï> åhUOo àH$meH$m§À`m X¥¥îQ>rZo
Iyn nmaXe©H$Vm AgVo. Amnë`m g§ñWoV Hw$R>ë`m g§JUH$mda Hw$R>bm ómoV {H$Vr doi
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 89
H$moU dmnaVmo `mMr gd© _m{hVr àH$meH$mg gVV g_OV AgVo. Voìhm ho àH$meH$mMo
{Z`§ÌU bjmV KoD$ZM B©-ómoV dmnaUo JaOoMo Amho. EImXm B©-ómoV MwH$sÀ`m nÕVrZo
dmnaë`mg àH$meH$mH$Sy>Z Vmo Wm§~dbm OmD$ eH$Vmo. J«§Wmb`mMo Zmdhr H$mù`m
`mXrV OmD$ eH$Vo. `m gd© ~§YZmMr _m{hVr dmMH$m§Zm AdJV H$ê$Z XoUo Ho$ìhmhr
Mm§Jbo AgVo.
8) B©-ómoV nwa{dUmè`m ìh|S>g©Mm gh^mJ d ghH$m`©
B©-ómoV J«§Wmb`mV g_m{dï> H$aVmZm, g§~§{YV ìhoS>g©Mm gh^mJ AJXr àW_
nmgyZ AgVmo d ómoV KoVë`mZ§Vahr Ë`m§À`m ghH$m`m©Mr Amdí`H$Vm ^mgVo. `m
g§X^m©Vrb H$mhr _wÔo nwT>rbà_mUo …
· B©-ómoV CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUmao ìh|S>g© ho ^ademMo VgoM Vo Mm§Jbo Established
Ago AgmdoV.
· B©-ómoV {ZdS> à{H«$`oV ìh|S>gZ© o ZdrZ B©-ómoVmMo àmË`{jH$, Q´>m`b qH$dm S>_o mo
dmMH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
· Ë`mMà_mUo Ë`m§Zr B©-ómoV J«§Wmb`mV {dH$V KoVë`mZ§Va dmMH$m§gmR>r ,
gwê$dmVrg d Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV, à{ejU/dmMH$ {ejU H$m`©H«$_ am~dbo
nm{hOoV.
· B©-ómoV dmnaÊ`mVrb gm_mÝ` d Vm§{ÌH$ AS>MUrMo {ZamH$aU Ë`m§Zr VmËH$mi,
{~ZMyH$ d ì`mdgm{`H$ nÕVrZo Ho$bo nm{hOo.
· B©-ómoV ìh|S>gZ© r VgoM B©-ómoV àñVwV H$aUmè`m H§$nÝ`m§Zr /àH$meH$m§Zr {d{eï>
J«§Wmb`mVrb {d{dY B©-ómoV dmnamg§~§YrMm Vnerb/S>oQ>m O_m H$aÊ`mMr
O~m~Xmar ñdrH$mamdr d Ë`mg§~§YrMm Ahdmb J«§Wmb`mg _m{hVrgmR>r
nmR>dmdm, `m_wio J«§Wmb`mg B©-ómoV dmnamg§~§Yr _m{hVrMo {díbofU H$aUo
eŠ` hmoBb
© .
· B©-ómoV dmnamVrb AkmZm_wio qH$dm J¡ag_OwVr_wio {ZXe©Zmg Amboë`m
dmMH$m§À`m AZ¡{VH$/J¡a H¥$Vr~m~V gm_monMmamMr ^y{_H$m ìh|S>g©Zr ¿`mdr d
Aem J¡admnam_wio àH$meH$ d J«§Wmb` `m§Mo g§~§Y {~KS>Uma ZmhrV `mMr
H$miOr ¿`mdr. B©-ómoV dmnamVrb AZ¡{VH$ J¡a H¥$Vr_wio B©-ómoVmMr
J«W§ mb`mVrb CnbãYVmM YmoŠ`mV `oD$ eH$Vo.
9)
B©-ómoVm§À`m {H$_Vr nÕVr (Pricing System)
B©-ómoVm§À`m {H$_Vr `m doJdoJù`m {ZH$fm§da AmYm[aV AgVmV. AmnU B©kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 90
ómoV ho Am°\$ bmB©Z (CD Format) ñdê$nmV ¿`m qH$dm Am°ZbmB©Z (Through
Internet) ñdê$nmV ¿`m. Ë`m§À`m {H$_Vr R>m~o i _ZmZo B©-ómoV hm EH$ g§JUH$mda
dmnaÊ`mgmR>r (Stand Alone) KoUma AmhmV H$s ZoQ>dH©$ nÕVrZo åhUOoM XmoZ
qH$dm A{YH$ dmMH$ EH$mdoiog dmnamVrb (Simultaneous Use) Agm KoUma
AmhmV `mda Adb§~Zy AgVmV. `mZ§VaMm {ZH$f åhUOo B©-ómoV hm Ho$di ~KÊ`mgmR>r
(Browsing Access) Amho H$s Ë`mMr A_`m©X CnbãYVm (Unlimited Access)
hdr Amho, Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m§Mr qH$_V R>aVo. `mZ§Va B©-ómoVmÀ`m {H$_Vr~m~VMm _wÔm
åhUOo J«W§ mb` N>mnrb Am{U Am°ZbmB©Z ñdê$n EH${ÌV KoUma Amho H$m? `m ~m~VrV
dmMH$m§Zm ómoV A_`m©X nÕVrZo {_iy eH$Vmo. VgoM ómoVmMr qH$_V + B©-ómoVmMr
qH$_V `m_Ü`o H$mhr gdbVhr CnbãY hmoD$ eH$Vo. darb gd© àH$ma d {ZH$f bjmV
KoVm B©-ómoVmÀ`m {H$_Vr~m~V ~aoM n`m©` CnbãY AgVmV. J«§Wmb`mg nadS>ob
Aem EH$m àH$maMr {ZdS> H$aÊ`mMo ñdmV§Í` AgVo d Vo Agbo nm{hOo. `m ~m~VrV
ìh|S>gM
© r ^y{_H$m _hÎdmMr Amho. Ë`m§Zr J«W§ mb`mg B©-ómoV {ZdS>rMo gd© n`m©` CnbãY
H$ê$Z ÚmdoV. ómoVm§Mm àH$ma d _yi qH$_V Z¸$s Pmë`mda EH$mdoiog {H$Vr dmMH$
àË`jnUo ómoV {ZdS>rMo gd© A{YH$ma EH$gmaIm dmnaUma AmhoV `mda Ë`m ñÌmoVmMr
A{V[aº$ qH$_V R>aVo. Ë`mgmR>r J«W§ mb`mMo /g§ñWoMo EHy$U {H$Vr dmMH$ User AmhoV
ho bjmV KoÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. Ë`mMà_mUo B©-ómoVmMr _yi qH$_V d Vmo CnbãY
H$em nÕVrZo Ho$bm OmVmo `m§Mr qH$_V `m XmoZ {^Þ {^Þ Jmoï>r AmhoV.
B©-ómoV {dH$V KoVmZm {deofV… B©-OZ©b KoVmZm EH$ Jmoï> àH$meH$mH$Sy>Z
qH$dm ìh|S>g©gH$Sy>Z {ZpíMV H$aUo JaOoMo Amho Vr åhUOo `XmH$Xm{MV B©-ómoVm§Mr
dJ©Ur ^aUo Wm§~dë`mg Á`m H$mimV J«W§ mb`mZo dJ©Ur ^abr hmoVr Ë`m H$mimgmR>rMo
nyduMo I§S> (Archival) B©-ñdê$nmV J«W§ mb`mg CnbãY hmoVrb `mMr ImÌr qH$dm
H$ama gwê$dmVrg H$aUo AË`§V _hÎdmMo Amho. qH$dm àH$meH$mZo Aem n[apñWVrV
Hw$R>ë`mhr n`m©`r _mJm©Zo Ë`m H$mimVrb B©-ómoVmMr (Amdí`H$ Agë`mg) H$mhr \$s
KoD$Z J«§Wmb`mg XoD$ Ho$br nm{hOo. B©-ómoVmÀ`m {H$_Vr~m~V AmUIr EH$ {ZH$f
åhUOo B©-ómoVmMr qH$_V Ë`mÀ`m N>mnrb ñdê$nmnojm OmñV AgVm H$m_m Z`o.
Ë`mMà_mUo J«§Wmb`mg N>mnrb VgoM B©-ómoVmMr (Amdí`H$ Agë`mg H$mhr \$s
KoD$Z) J«§Wmb`mg XoD$ Ho$br nm{hOo. B©-ómoVmÀ`m {H$_Vr~m~V AmUIr EH$ {ZH$f
åhUOo B©-ómoVmMr qH$_V Ë`mÀ`m N>mnrb ñdê$nmnojm OmñV AgVm H$m_m Z`o.
Ë`mMà_mUo J«§Wmb`mg N>mnrb VgoM B©-ñdê$nmVrb ómoV XmoÝhr KoÊ`mMr gº$s Ho$br
OmD$ Z`o.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 91
B©-ómoVmMr Zì`mZo dJ©Ur ^aVmZm AmUIr EH$ n`m©`mMm {dMma Oê$a H$amdm.
Vmo åhUOo AmnU Omo ZdrZ B©-ómoV ñdrH$maUma Amho Vmo ómoV H$Ýgmo{e©`m A§VJ©V
CnbãY hmoVmo Amho H$m? d Agë`mg àH$meH$mH$Sy>Z Z¸$s Ho$boë`m dJ©Urnojm
H$Ýgmo{Q>©`m A§VJ©V VmoM ómoV KoVë`mg dJ©UrV {H$Vr gdbV {_iUma AmhoŸ? Oa
{ZpíMV gdbV {_iUma Agob Va H$Ýgmo{e©`mMo g^mgXËd KoD$Z B©-ómoV KoUo H|$ìhmhr
\$m`Xoera R>aVo. Amnë`m XoemV B§S>oñQ>, `wOrgr BÝ\$moZoQ> gmaIr OdiOdi gd©
joÌmV AmO H$Ýgmo{e©`m `moOZm am~dbr OmV Amho d Ë`mMm \$m`Xm g^mgX J«W§ mb`m§Zm
{ZpíMV {_iVmo Agm AZw^d Amho.
10) B©-ómoV dmnaÊ`mMr nadmZJr (Licening)
B©-ómoV J«W§ mb`mV CnbãYVm H$aVmZm B©-ómoV H$moUmg CnbãY H$ê$Z Úm`Mo
`m~m~V B©-ómoV nadmZJr H$amam_mJo© (License Agreement) `mo½` Vmo {Z`_
{ZpíMV H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. àm_w»`mZo B©-ómoVm§Mr CnbãYVm, A{YH$ma e¡j{UH$
g§ñWoVrb gd© àmÜ`mnH$ {dÚmWu, g§emoYH$, g§ñWoMo BVa H$_©Mmar, VgoM g§ñWoVrb
H$m°ÝQ´>°ŠQ> nÕVrZo Zo_bobo H$_©Mmar `m gdmªZm Agbm nm{hOo. Á`m ì`º$s¨Zm B©-ómoV
dmnaÊ`mMo A{YH$ma AmhoV Ë`m§Zm Vo g§ñWoÀ`m gd© n[agamV Remote Access
nÕVrZo A§VJ©V ZoQ>dH©$da CnbãY Pmbo nm{hOoV. `mo½` gwa{jVVm gm§^miyZ B©-ómoV
g§ñWo~mhoê$Zhr (Extranet) nÕVrZo eŠ` Pmë`mg Ë`m§Zm {_imdoV. g§ñWoÀ`m
J«W§ mb`mVrb gd© B©-ómoVm§Mr CnbãYVm, Vo dmnaÊ`mMo A{YH$ma Agboë`m ì`º$s¨Zm
Fair Use H$b_m§VJ©V dmnaÊ`mMr nadmZJr {_imbr nm{hOo. H$maU e¡j{UH$ g§ñWoV
Ago ómoV Ho$di e¡j{UH$ d g§emoYZ CÔoemZo åhUOoM Zm°Z H$_{e©`b H$m_m§gmR>r
dmnabo OmVmV. H$m°nramB©Q> H$m`ÚmÀ`m \o$Aa `wO H$b_mÝd`o B©-ómoV dmnaUo,
(Browsing) emoYboë`m _m{hVrMr n«V N>mnUo VgoM S>mD$Z bmoS> H$aÊ`mMo A{YH$ma
Ë`m g§ñWoVrb ì`º$s¨Zm AgUo Amdí`H$ AgVo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 92
kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ 2015 Vo Zmoìh|~a 2015 … 93