Genetics
DNA and Protein Synthesis (KEY)
1. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
Double Helix
2. What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
3. What are building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides
4. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenous base
5. What are 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
6. What is complimentary base pairing?
A-T, C-G
7. If one side of the DNA molecule is ATTACCT, what is the other side?
TAATGGA
8. What is transformation and which scientist discovered it?
DNA “transformed” non-lethal bacteria to lethal bacteria- Griffith
9. Which scientist(s) used bacteriophage viruses to prove that DNA is the genetic code?
Hershey and Chase
10. Which scientist(s) discovered the X pattern in the x-rays of the DNA molecule?
Rosalind Franklin
11. Who received a Nobel Prize for the 3-dimensional model of DNA?
Watson and Crick
12. If the code is UAGCU, is the molecule DNA or RNA?
RNA
13. What are the 3 hypothesized modes of replication?
Semiconservative, Conservative, Dispersive
14. Which of these 3 modes was proven to be correct?
Semiconservative
15. What is Semiconservative replication?
Each new chromosome consists of “old” strand and one “new “ strand
16. What type of bond exists between the N-bases in DNA and RNA?
Hydrogen bonds
17. Complete the table below which shows how RNA and DNA differ.
Characteristic
RNA
DNA
A. Single or Double stranded
Single
Double
B. Unique N-Base
Uracil
Thymine
C. Role in Protein Encoding
Carries
Storing or Maintaining
D. Type of sugar
Ribose
Deoxyribose
E. Catalytic?
Catalytic
Not catalytic
18. How many carbons are in deoxyribose?
5
19. What is Chargaff’s rule? (What is he famous for discovering?)
Base Pairing
20. Traits are determined by ________________________.
Genes or Proteins
21. A gene’s instructions for making a protein are coded in the sequence of ________________ in the gene.
Nucleotides or N-bases (DNA)
22. Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
23. What kind of RNA is involved in transcription?
mRNA
24. Where does translation take place and on what organelle?
cytoplasm, ribosome
25. What kind(s) of RNA are involved in translation?
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
26. What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
27. What is conformation?
RNA and Proteins folding on themselves (further specialization)
28. Why are 3 N-bases needed to code for an amino acid? (Why not just 1 or 2?)
3, because it does not provide enough specialization
29. How many possible combinations are there using 3 N-bases?
64
30. How many amino acids are there?
20
31. Why are the numbers in question 29 and 30 not equal and what is the term for this?
Some codons code for more than one amino acid, Wobble
32. What are the codons for “start” and “stop” in the tRNA
Start-AUG
Stop-UAA or UAG
33. TAKE YOUR TIME WITH THIS QUESTION!!!
If the DNA coding strand is TTAATGGTTAAATAGGGG what amino acids would the polypeptide chain
consist of?
DNA Coding
Strand
DNA Template
Strand
mRNA
Amino Acid
TTA
ATG
GTT
AAA
TAG
GGG
AAT
TAC
CAA
TTT
ATC
CCC
UUA
Leu
AUG
Met “start”
GUU
Val
AAA
Lys
UAG
“stop”
GGG
Gly
Met-Val-Lys