Cellular Energetics Photosynthesis Photosynthesis,
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Photosynthesis Cellular Energetics Definition = process by which plants make their own food Requires light ultraviolet Photosynthesis, Respiration, Fermentation Photosynthesis Where does it take place? chloroplast What pigment makes it possible? chlorophyll Photosynthesis What types of organisms can perform photosynthesis? some bacteria plantplant-like protists (algae) plants Photosynthesis What are the reagents? 1. CO2 (carbon dioxide) 2. H2O (water) 3. Uv light (sunlight) Photosynthesis What are the products? 1. C6H12O6 2. O2 (Glucose) (Carbohydrate) (Sugar) (oxygen) 1 Photosynthesis How what is the balanced equation? CO2 + H2O + uv light Î C6H12O6 + O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + uv light Î C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Photosynthesis Two parts of Photosynthesis: 1. Light Dependent reactions ( includes Calvin Cycle) 2. Light Independent reactions Photosynthesis Why do Plants look green? Pigment = chlorophyll Chlorophyll absorbs all visible wavelengths (ROYGBV) EXCEPT: green Green is reflected ∴ plants look green Photosynthesis 1. Light Dependent reactions ENERGYENERGY- Containing compounds formed ☼ Light energy absorbed Electron Transport Chain 1. Light Dependent reactions Electrons passed from chlorophyll to an electron transport chain 2 Photosynthesis Photosynthesis 1. Light Dependent reactions 2. Light Independent reactions GLUCOSE FORMED (food made) Carbon fixed from CO2 NOTE: Both Light dependent AND light independent rxns needed for photosynthesis!!! ATP & NADPH are formed (both contain energy) Photosynthesis Animation http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl = http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl= http://www.compulink.co.uk/~argus/Drea mbio/photosynthesis/photosynthesis%25 20animation%2520gif.gif&imgrefurl=http:/ /www.compulink.co.uk/~argus/Dreambio/ photosynthesis/photosynthsis%2520anim ation.htm&h=527&w=767&sz=420&hl Cellular Respiration Where? Where? In the inner membranes of mitochondria Cellular Respiration Animation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =Yw2750 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yw2750 56JtA&feature=related Cellular Respiration Purpose? Purpose? To break down food (glucose) to produce ATP (source of energy) (reverse of photosynthesis) 3 Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Three stages 1. Glycolysis 2. Citric Acid Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain Citric Acid Cycle Citric Acid Cycle The three-carbon sugar (pyruvate) goes through the citric acid cycle to yield NADH (energy storage molecule) and carbon dioxide Citric Acid Cycle Products are: ATP and Water Glycolysis SixSixcarbon sugar (glucose) glucose) ---Æ ---Æ two threethreecarbon sugars (pyruvate) Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain Electrons stored in NADH are sent through the electron transport chain which allows the synthesis of ATP Citric Acid Cycle ATP (BIG ENERGY) 6 O2 + (oxygen) ↑ C6 H12O6 (glucose) 6 CO2 + (carbon dioxide) -----------Æ -----------Æ 6 H 2O (water) 4 Comparison of Photosynthesis vs Respiration Photosynthesis 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Comparison of Photosynthesis vs Respiration Photosynthesis 1. Food accumulated 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Respiration Comparison of Photosynthesis vs Respiration Photosynthesis 1. Food accumulated 2. Sun E stored in glucose 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Photosynthesis 1. Food accumulated 2. Sun E stored in glucose 3. Carbon dioxide taken in 4. Oxygen given off 5. 6. 7. Comparison of Photosynthesis vs Respiration Respiration Food broken down Energy of glucose released Respiration Food broken down Energy of glucose released Carbon dioxide given off Oxygen taken in Respiration Food broken down Photosynthesis 1. Food accumulated 2. Sun E stored in glucose 3. Carbon dioxide taken in 4. 5. 6. 7. Respiration Food broken down Energy of glucose released Carbon dioxide given off Photosynthesis Respiration 1. Food accumulated Food broken down 2. Sun E stored in glucose Energy of glucose released 3. Carbon dioxide taken in Carbon dioxide given off 4. Oxygen given off Oxygen taken in 5. Produces glucose Produces CO2 + H2O 6. 7. 5 Photosynthesis Respiration 1. Food accumulated Food broken down 2. Sun E stored in glucose Energy of glucose released 3. Carbon dioxide taken in Carbon dioxide given off 4. Oxygen given off Oxygen taken in 5. Produces glucose Produces CO2 + H2O 6. Only in daylight Day and night 7. Fermentation = PBW (process by which) sugars are broken down by bacteria and/ or yeast using aerobic or anaerobic respiration Fermentation Using yeast, alcohol is produced from sugar glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + CO2 Photosynthesis Respiration 1. Food accumulated Food broken down 2. Sun E stored in glucose Energy of glucose released 3. Carbon dioxide taken in Carbon dioxide given off 4. Oxygen given off Oxygen taken in 5. Produces glucose Produces CO2 + H2O 6. Only in daylight daylight Day and night 7. in Plants Only Occurs in all living cells Fermentation Aerobic = ? in the presence of oxygen Anaerobic = ? without the presence of oxygen Is the respiration we talked about aerobic or anaerobic? aerobic Fermentation ☺ used to make: 1. bread 2. root beer, beer & wine 3. cheese 4. yogurt 5. soy sauce 6 Fermentation CO2 causes the Fermentation / causes food to spoil bread to rise CO2 causes the bubbles in root beer & champagne Fermentation Animation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_k8xL rBUfg Making ginger ale http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =tNqfPs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= VAdYk Bibliography http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/ GG/ecb/ecb_images/13_03_glycolysis.jp g www.settepani.com/breads.html www.caringdentists.com/news.htm http://www.moldbacteria.com/images/pen icilliumicillium-onon-food.jpg http://www.webtech.buffalo.edu/student/ 7
