Name: __________KEY____________
Period:_____ Date:__________
MICROBIOLGOY FIELD TRIP SUMMARY FORM
GRAM STAINING
1. List the steps of Gram Staining (in order): (5 – need at least five BOLD items)
1. Smear bacteria on slide
2. Allow to air dry.
3. Heat fix bacteria
4. Add 1o stain (Crystal Violet)
6. Add mordant (Iodine)
8. Add decolorizer (Acetone)
10. Add 2o stain (Safranin)
5. Rinse with water
7. Rinse with water
9. Rinse with water
11. Rinse with water
12. Dry slide & view cells
2. What was a positive aspect of this experience? (1)
3. What was a negative aspect of this experience? (1)
4. How could this experience have been improved? (1)
SPEAKER TOPIC #1 (Tuberculosis)
BLACK = Mr. Sonnenberg’s Research
BLUE = things heard from speakers/presentation
1. Describe Tuberculosis (5 – have @ least five things listed)
TB = Tubercle Bacillus, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Spread by
coughing/sneezing; Human to Human transmission
“A disease of the poor”; In normal body – macrophages attack TB (CD4/T-cell tell
macrophage to destroy TB), in AIDS/Immuno-compromised body = T-cells are
destroyed, TB is allowed to grow
2. What organism(s) does this disease affect and how? (2)
Immune Disease; affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) of humans, can affect CNS,
Lymphatic, Circulatory, Genitourinary systems, as well as bones & joints; Two types:
Latent TB I – infected, show no symptoms (~ 95%)
Active TB II – infected, disease symptoms (TB disease) (~5%)
Not infected = (~ 45%)
Symptoms = ongoing cough & tiredness, weight loss, loss of appetite, fever, bloody
sputum, night sweats
3. What are some ways to prevent and/or treat this disease? (2)
D.O.T.S. program – World Health Organization
Drugs – a cocktail = Isoniazid (“INH”) [‘52], Pyrazinamide [‘52], Ethambutol [‘58],
Rifampicin [‘72]  most widely used
Drugs are taken for 6-9 months = Non-compliance with drug therapy results in drug
resistant TB (mutated); newer drugs are aimed at stopping the bacterial cell wall
synthesis
Drugs MUST:
1. Inhibit growth
2. Be non-toxic
3. Be orally available
4. Stay around long enough
5. Work quickly
Surgery to remove TB infected lung tissue; proper medical practices & scientific research
can help; Penicillin not effective against TB
4. What was a positive aspect of this experience? (1)
5. What was a negative aspect of this experience? (1)
6. How could this experience have been improved? (1)
Name: __________KEY____________
Period:_____ Date:__________
SPEAKER TOPIC #2 (Dengue Fever)
BLACK = Mr. Sonnenberg’s Research
BLUE = things heard from speakers/presentation
1. Describe Dengue Fever (5 – have @ least five things listed)
DF (Dengue Fever), one of 4 serotypes of viral infections; Flavivirus genus
(Flaviviridae); RNA genome (10 genes)
Disease of the tropical/sub-tropical areas; an obligate intra-cellular parasite
An Arbovirus (Arthropod-borne Virus); Disease & mosquito occur in >100 countries
Human to Mosquito to Human transmission; Mosquito (Aedes aegypti)
DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever)
2. What organism(s) does this dies disease affect and how? (2)
Affects humans; Symptoms = flu-like, high fever, rash, severe headache, retro-orbital
pain (pain behind the eyes), muscle/joint pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite;
DHF = blood vessels start to leak – bleed out of mouth, gums, anus, bruise easily
DHF may lead to DSS (Dengue Shock Syndrome)
3. What are some ways to prevent and/or treat this disease? (2)
Blood test required to detect infection;
NO specific treatment, blood transfusions can help (esp. for DHF individuals)
NO specific drugs – a tetravalent vaccine is being tested
(similar to a vaccine for Yellow Fever that is already available)
DF & DHF: Incubation= 5-8 days, Duration= 3-14 days (ave. of 7 days)
A majority of viral infections DON’T lead to disease
Viruses = only organisms known to have RNA genome
Most arboviruses cycle of transmission=
Arthropod vector  Human Host (incidental host)
↓↑
Bird (vertebrate) Reservoir
1. Reservoir host usually doesn’t get sick
2. Incidental host usually DOES get sick
Great question is = Are Arboviruses arthropod or vertebrate originated?
Female mosquitoes are the only ones that bite (NOT males) – blood needed for
development of eggs; Male mosquitoes feed on plant nectar
Mosquito control  Habitat reduction & Chemical/Biological pesticides
Novel Strategies for Controlling Dengue Virus Diseases:
1. Genetic manipulation of mosquitoes
4. What was a positive aspect of this experience? (1)
5. What was a negative aspect of this experience? (1)
6. How could this experience have been improved? (1)