United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service
Pacific Northwest
Research Station
TU
DE PA
RT
RE
General Technical
Report
PNW-GTR-857
November 2011
MENT OF AGRI C U L
Harvest, Employment, Exports,
and Prices in Pacific Northwest
Forests, 1965–2010
Debra D. Warren
The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of
multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood,
water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the
States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and National
Grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a
growing Nation.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and
activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex,
marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information,
political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any
public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with
disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille,
large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,
1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice)
or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Author
Debra D. Warren is an economist, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 620 SW Main,
Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205. The mailing address is P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR
97208-3890.
Abstract
Warren, Debra D. 2011. Harvest, employment, exports, and prices in Pacific
Northwest forests, 1965–2010. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-857. Portland, OR:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research
Station. 17 p.
Provides historical information on log harvest; employment in the forest industries;
international trade in logs, lumber, and chips; and volume and average prices of
sawtimber stumpage sold by national forests.
Keywords: Log harvest, employment (forest products industries), exports (forest
products), stumpage prices.
Summary
The following tables have been compiled from historical publications of “Production, Prices, Employment, and Trade in Northwest Forest Industries” (1968–2010).1
This report presents data from 1965 through 2010 for the Pacific Northwest forest
industries. In most industries, dramatic changes are shown through the years. In the
Oregon and Washington harvest statistics, high peaks occurred in 1968 and 1973,
and the lowest harvests were in 2009 for both Oregon and Washington. Employment in the forest industries has continued to decline steadily. Enormous changes
are shown in log exports from the Pacific Northwest: the highest volumes were in
1988 and 1989, and now the volumes are back to the 1960s level. The chip market
remained fairly steady in volume, with prices hitting their peaks in 1995. The
lumber exports (like the logs) peaked in 1988 and 1989, but the total average prices
were highest in 2006. The national forest sawtimber volume was highest in 1970
and dropped off to the lowest in 2000 with only 155 million board feet.
1
See Austin 1968–1970, Darr 1970–1972, Hamilton 1964–1968, Holt 1972–1974,
Ruderman 1974–1985, and Warren 1985–2010.
Tables
Table 1—Oregon timber harvest by ownership, 1965–2010
Table 2—Washington timber harvest by ownership, 1965–2010
Table 3—Employment in forest products industries in Washington and Oregon,
1965–2010
Table 4—Volume and average value of softwood log exports from the Seattle
Customs District to all countries, by species, 1965–2010
Table 5—Volume and average value of softwood log exports from the ColumbiaSnake Customs District to all countries, by species, 1965–2010
Table 6—Volume and average value of chip exports from the Columbia-Snake and
Seattle Customs Districts, 1965–2010
Table 7—Volume and average value of softwood lumber exports from the Seattle
Customs District to all countries, by species, 1965–2010
Table 8—Volume and average value of softwood lumber exports from the Columbia-Snake Customs District to all countries, by species, 1965–2010
Table 9—Volume of sawtimber sold on national forests, by selected species, Pacific
Northwest Region, 1965–2010
Table 10—Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold on national forests, by
selected species, Pacific Northwest Region, 1965–2010
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2010
Table 1—Oregon timber harvest by ownership, 1965–2010
Year
Private
State
Forest
Service
1965 4,034 254
1966 4,123 184
1967 3,833 127
1968 4,354 161
1969 4,165 200
1970 3,874 150
1971 4,230 158
1972 3,919 246
1973 3,610 288
1974 3,822 225
1975 3,781 160
1976 3,561 203
1977 3,590 228
1978 3,549 235
1979 3,209 223
1980 3,134 186
1981 2,702 216
1982 3,440 175
1983 3,374 257
1984 3,078 249
1985 3,332 268
1986 3,494 225
1987 3,281 199
1988 3,259 270
1989 3,721 198
1990 3,229 137
1991 3,312 91
1992 3,581 135
1993 3,608 116
1994 3,244 130
1995 3,432 109
1996 3,018 115
1997 3,133 176
1998 2,840 141
1999 3,014 246
2000 3,167 255
2001 2,905 268
2002 3,319 269
2003 3,313 293
2004 3,606 291
2005 3,495 341
2006 3,596 296
2007 3,069 276
2008 2,739 278
2009 2,079 235
2010 2,432 297
Bureau of Land
Management
Bureau of
Indian Affairs
Million board feet, Scribner scale
3,781
1,240
3,269
1,244
3,181
1,092
3,642
1,470
3,464
1,206
2,832
1,037
3,197
1,340
3,944
1,419
3,836
1,501
3,163
1,025
2,661
626
3,174
1,082
2,913
1,021
3,235
1,039
3,167
956
2,399
797
1,981
677
1,688
312
2,902
789
3,164
920
3,480
891
3,850
1,042
3,451
1,115
3,487
1,439
3,307
1,026
2,014
704
2,068
486
1,403
483
1,102
361
596
92
515
139
401
289
523
136
333
122
233
150
245
83
135
38
166
55
203
78
337
96
275
121
216
131
223
141
206
117
192
147
254
133
74
60
110
100
92
79
87
80
36
11
123
108
115
121
111
105
95
126
112
101
121
104
117
121
124
98
87
111
75
80
79
71
79
71
68
62
63
71
63
79
61
56
61
58
65
79
Other
public
Total
119,394
418,921
148,357
169,743
239,150
107,982
169,028
229,630
959,366
158,261
207,371
258,153
117,876
227,997
297,694
196,639
245,695
175,758
317,464
387,550
348,127
288,743
528,215
398,615
448,420
376,219
366,080
295,742
315,294
254,167
304,304
293,923
354,081
253,532
493,759
423,854
303,440
423,922
524,002
424,451
614,355
344,328
293,799
433,441
312,748
323,227
Source: Oregon Department of Forestry.
1
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-857
Table 2—Washington timber harvest by ownership, 1965–2010
Year
Private
State
Forest
Service
Bureau of Land
Management
Bureau of
Indian Affairs
Million board feet, Scribner scale
1965 3,591 685 1,720
1
1966 3,460 538 1,573
4
1967 3,311 467 1,599
3
1968 3,856 681 1,795
4
1969 4,230 744 1,519
2
1970 4,045 602 1,378
3
1971 3,946 722 1,261
4
1972 4,0151,004 1,488
3
1973 4,728 998 1,613
1
1974 4,337 685 1,290
0
1975 4,062 540 1,098
1
1976 4,414 766 1,214
3
1977 4,068 797 1,171
4
1978 4,036 955 1,261
3
a
1979 4,0681,095 1,276
1980 3,507 745 1,089
0
1981 3,266 468 875
1
1982 3,740 440 728
1
1983 4,025 548 1,240
8
1984 3,545 795 1,189
1
1985 3,5611,013 1,128
5
1986 3,9891,064 1,232
4
1987 4,367 970 1,423
5
1988 4,406 826 1,486
0
1989 4,520 842 1,141
1
1990 4,147 657 817
4
1991 3,650 535 704
1
a
19923,844476 461
a
19933,321461 322
a
19943,421323 200
a
19953,489496 150
a
19963,274600 182
a
19973,139645 166
a
19983,044546 111
a
19993,246662 117
a
20003,131559 81
a
20012,818496 68
a
20022,722457 72
a
20032,697567 80
a
20042,754588 96
a
20052,609594 81
a
20062,528404 75
a
20072,685448 95
a
20082,067515 104
2009 1,423 641 101
0
2010 1,573 906 119
3
a
Less than 1 million board feet.
NA = not available.
Source: Washington Department of Natural Resources.
2
460
431
466
530
421
368
416
489
445
452
419
516
477
460
432
336
260
152
238
205
213
235
238
271
262
182
172
186
192
199
230
270
226
275
334
334
324
319
161
456
415
418
NA
NA
NA
NA
Other
public
Total
656,522
696,075
905,936
1056,971
887,004
636,459
1016,450
82 7,081
247,809
1126,876
656,185
556,968
756,592
366,751
986,969
435,720
204,890
185,079
286,087
575,792
43 5,963
32 6,556
357,037
567,045
226,788
425,849
425,104
515,018
334,330
144,156
264,392
404,366
444,221
464,022
244,383
244,130
113,717
123,582
343,539
523,946
323,731
593,484
363,264
712,758
522,217
282,629
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2010
Table 3—Employment in forest products industries in Washington and Oregon, 1965–2010
Washington and Oregon
Washington
Oregon
LumberPaper LumberPaper LumberPaper
and wood and allied
and wood and allied
and wood and allied
YearTotalproducts products Totalproductsproducts Totalproducts products
1965
148.4121.1
1966
148.0119.6
1967
141.8113.4
1968
147.1118.3
1969
145.3116.2
1970
138.2109.0
1971
141.2113.8
1972
150.2122.5
1973
155.3127.9
1974
152.1124.5
1975
137.2110.8
1976
150.9123.4
1977
159.2131.4
1978
159.3136.5
1979
159.0133.4
1980
144.1116.1
1981
135.6108.1
1982120.4 94.6
1983
128.7103.7
1984
132.9107.7
1985
126.1100.9
1986
126.0100.6
1987
131.9105.8
1988
135.6109.6
1989
135.1108.2
1990
130.8103.6
1991120.7 93.5
1992117.6 90.8
1993115.2 89.4
1994117.5 91.1
1995116.1 89.7
1996111.6 86.0
1997112.0 87.3
1998110.4 85.9
1999107.0 83.0
27.3
28.4
28.4
28.8
29.1
29.2
27.4
27.7
27.4
27.6
26.4
27.5
27.8
22.8
25.6
28.0
27.5
25.8
25.0
25.2
25.2
25.4
26.2
26.0
27.0
27.2
27.2
26.8
25.8
26.3
26.4
25.6
24.7
24.5
24.0
Thousands of persons
66.746.9
66.946.6
63.944.0
65.945.9
65.245.2
62.042.2
61.543.4
65.547.3
66.849.1
67.349.7
60.443.8
68.451.0
71.653.9
69.155.1
68.452.6
64.146.5
61.644.4
55.2 39.0
56.841.1
57.241.0
53.437.3
53.136.7
56.539.2
58.841.7
59.041.1
58.039.9
54.3 36.4
54.3 36.5
52.8 36.1
53.9 36.7
52.8 35.5
52.3 35.5
51.7 35.4
51.9 35.6
49.8 34.0
19.8
20.3
19.9
20.0
20.0
19.8
18.1
18.2
17.7
17.6
16.6
17.4
17.7
14.0
15.8
17.6
17.2
16.2
15.7
16.2
16.0
16.4
17.3
17.1
17.9
18.1
17.9
17.8
16.7
17.2
17.4
16.9
16.3
16.3
15.7
81.7 74.2
81.1 73.0
77.9 69.4
81.2 72.4
80.1 71.0
76.2 66.8
79.7 70.4
84.7 75.2
88.5 78.8
84.8 74.8
76.8 67.0
82.5 72.4
87.6 77.5
90.2 81.4
90.6 80.8
80.0 69.6
74.0 63.7
65.2 55.6
71.9 62.6
75.7 66.7
72.7 63.6
72.9 63.9
75.4 66.5
76.8 67.9
76.1 67.0
72.8 63.7
66.4 57.1
63.3 54.3
62.5 53.4
63.6 54.5
63.3 54.2
59.3 50.6
60.3 51.9
58.5 50.3
57.3 49.0
7.5
8.1
8.5
8.8
9.1
9.4
9.3
9.5
9.7
10.0
9.8
10.1
10.1
8.8
9.8
10.4
10.3
9.6
9.3
9.0
9.1
9.0
8.9
8.9
9.1
9.1
9.3
9.0
9.1
9.1
9.1
8.7
8.4
8.2
8.3
3
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-857
Table 3—Employment in forest products industries in Washington and Oregon, 1965–2010 (continued)
Washington and Oregon
Washington
Oregon
LumberPaper LumberPaper LumberPaper
and wood and allied
and wood and allied
and wood and allied
YearTotalproducts products Totalproductsproducts Totalproducts products
2000105.9
200199.9
200298.7
200382.5
200481.6
200584.3
200682.8
200778.4
200873.3
200960.5
201056.3
82.4
77.5
78.2
62.4
61.9
65.5
64.4
61.1
56.8
46.1
42.0
23.5
22.4
20.5
20.1
19.7
18.8
18.4
17.4
16.5
14.4
14.3
Thousands of persons
49.0 33.4
46.431.5
45.5 32.3
36.823.5
35.7 23.0
37.525.3
37.3 25.4
35.424.2
33.9 23.4
28.319.2
26.1 16.7
15.6
14.9
13.2
13.3
12.7
12.2
11.9
11.2
10.5
9.1
9.4
56.9
53.5
53.2
45.7
45.9
46.8
45.5
43.1
39.4
32.3
30.2
49.0
46.0
45.9
38.9
38.9
40.2
39.0
36.9
33.4
26.9
25.3
7.9
7.5
7.3
6.8
7.0
6.6
6.5
6.2
6.0
5.4
5.0
Source: State employment agencies. The lumber and wood products industry includes logging, lumber, plywood, poles and pilings,
and miscellaneous wood products. The paper and allied products industry includes pulp, paper, paperboard, and building board products.
Data are based on place of residence.
4
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2010
Table 4—Volume and average value of softwood log exports from the Seattle Customs District to all countries, by
species, 1965–2010
Total
Douglas-fir
Western hemlock
Other softwoods
Average
Average
Average
Average
YearVolume
valueVolume
value Volume
valueVolume
value
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Million board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
a
a
618 72.13
6568.87
a
a
720 77.52
8073.25
a
a
1,069 83.71 17380.32
a
a
1,321 97.69 25298.62
a
a
1,309 112.75
258113.73
a
a
1,579 122.52
308120.00
a
a
1,320 123.00
294119.35
a
a
1,907 132.57
566129.17
a
a
1,833 245.41
555217.52
a
a
1,424 263.40
405255.84
a
a
1,427 263.91
437255.94
a
a
1,793 273.43
528268.98
a
a
1,675 314.30
556308.29
a
a
1,916 332.89
620342.70
2,250 440.68
732 453.14
1,247 409.17
1,699 491.73
645 492.57
880 469.21
1,316 429.80
579 460.85
624 391.35
1,597 378.94
730 410.40
765 345.12
1,740 333.67
796 341.97
824 312.24
1,789 321.87
847 332.76
829 299.56
1,879 312.41
844 329.10
939 289.12
1,739 317.55
766 335.18
879 330.25
2,064 369.69
983 380.10
965 337.39
2,295 450.04
1,217 450.87
922 427.9
2,357 443.37
1,158 489.66
1,030 373.67
1,932 524.97
1,077 550.04
718 486.61
1,548 544.62
834 588.90
623 481.21
1,394 649.07
761 761.13
557 498.42
958 952.85
5581036.09
345 836.42
891 912.42
5841006.03
263 726.97
999 856.28
5741034.48
354 619.71
917 848.00
644 945.52
233 595.03
599 807.84
377 901.56
192 627.12
477 686.36
347 762.40
91 521.67
435 692.07
322 748.75
85 515.93
360 765.44
280 836.08
51 544.73
290 632.60
208 726.31
41 436.18
239 608.71
177 644.00
40 445.39
177 587.23
121 667.34
36 389.33
226 736.74
154 836.64
38 460.64
195 786.77
135 874.25
25 555.01
204 772.73
135 918.10
16 515.95
313 625.92
133 842.57
70 530.13
381 560.41
134 773.38
101 528.03
344 579.52
126 692.14
114 576.20
470 592.73
186 693.72
157 536.80
55372.51
64078.06
89684.36
1,06997.22
1,052112.50
1,271123.13
1,025124.05
1,341134.00
1,278257.52
1,019266.40
990267.43
1,265275.29
1,118317.26
1,296328.21
270552.23
175602.07
113482.47
102407.83
119426.69
113404.06
95393.88
94453.02
115551.91
156574.52
169558.47
138528.77
92572.24
76629.61
55837.66
45778.21
71596.66
40752.06
31784.23
40396.70
28573.47
29470.60
41354.08
23617.30
20397.26
34590.67
35552.86
53483.97
109422.45
147389.01
104448.73
127513.93
a
Prior to 1979, western hemlock was included in “Other softwoods.”
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce.
5
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-857
Table 5—Volume and average value of softwood log exports from the Columbia-Snake Customs District to all
countries, by species, 1965–2010
Total
Douglas-fir
Western hemlock
Other softwoods
Average
Average
Average
Average
YearVolume
valueVolume
value Volume
valueVolume
value
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
6
illion board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
M
a
a
283 91.36
4573.44
a
a
389 92.70
4880.54
a
a
502 99.97
9376.91
a
a
653112.72
116 85.78
a
a
561128.39
99 97.29
a
a
637 137.29
144110.08
a
a
517 137.16
122118.55
a
a
730 145.05
201119.91
a
a
806 303.63
309140.75
a
a
766 310.21
311286.66
a
a
798 284.61
329291.51
a
a
944 301.73
418275.20
a
a
881 340.94
410298.10
a
a
931 380.48
520340.51
984 496.62
577 387.37
229 538.65
933 507.50
617 506.62
242 434.54
671 472.80
438 513.91
184 364.40
971 422.12
698 478.88
232 341.04
852 366.21
621 430.85
187 313.29
933 351.44
722 366.69
167 300.80
1,125 342.58
905 348.59
173 295.28
1,041 362.45
845 341.00
154 290.90
1,104 436.96
861 367.70
185 346.87
1,387 499.59
1,062 438.92
242 405.42
1,257 539.73
876 498.91
321 338.15
1,076 620.26
786 581.52
224 469.02
994 606.18
741 637.93
195 446.77
788 754.11
635 784.24
117 508.84
750 1024.97
613 1055.45
109 784.21
681 1044.36
585 1053.58
72 779.12
606 1080.47
540 1104.61
50 728.06
586 1049.50
547 1062.44
26 702.94
443 912.16
413 918.05
21 668.74
391 743.58
372 743.09
10 577.54
359 793.62
347 792.89
6 587.74
23893.45
34194.82
409103.20
537115.99
462132.33
493142.70
395142.61
529146.66
497314.04
455323.09
469291.54
526304.82
471340.89
411372.38
178408.65
74690.05
49827.71
41733.41
44580.89
44594.86
47547.45
42522.40
58692.24
83784.22
601009.60
66920.76
58885.12
361029.58
281290.32
241622.50
161316.13
131253.23
91259.89
9925.22
61126.00
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2010
Table 5—Volume and average value of softwood log exports from the Columbia-Snake Customs District to all
countries, by species, 1965–2010 (continued)
Total
Douglas-fir
Western hemlock
Other softwoods
Average
Average
Average
Average
YearVolume
valueVolume
value Volume
valueVolume
value
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
399
352
360
385
396
341
330
361
395
354
630
849.34
748.44
693.21
690.55
810.20
837.49
878.60
739.74
770.56
650.31
664.06
Million board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
389 847.33
5 586.81
346 749.21
5 483.92
357 690.48
2 611.30
367 690.33
2 458.51
387 813.50
2 453.27
339 836.35
1 620.80
323 884.06
2 453.88
339 755.68
19 454.80
375 783.08
16 557.84
321 657.42
31 567.96
435 716.66
152 579.07
51341.40
11871.00
12057.00
16657.50
7667.00
11569.00
5748.60
3693.37
5480.95
1833.96
43431.94
a
Prior to 1979, western hemlock was included in “Other softwoods.”
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce.
7
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-857
Table 6—Volume and average value of chip exports from the Columbia-Snake
and Seattle Customs Districts, 1965–2010
Year
Columbia-Snake Customs District
Volume
Average value Seattle Customs District
Volume
Average value
Short tons, on a dry-weight basis; value in dollars per short ton
196591,646 19.74
0 0
1966219,181 19.68
0
0
1967603,314 19.75
0
0
19681,102,669
20.25 112,132 22.23
19691,460,669
21.10 160,165 24.52
19701,605,062
19.31 238,757 19.56
19711,504,169
20.94 229,237 17.87
19722,081,032
22.12 168,725 19.56
19732,778,829
24.85 272,196 21.84
19743,177,465
26.50 390,370 28.62
19752,436,807
34.74 326,083 38.56
19762,881,577
39.90 457,801 33.39
19772,892,333
43.33 281,540 49.17
19782,650,423
42.98 299,140 46.16
19793,125,103
42.55 346,209 50.05
19802,849,927
88.44 268,103 79.53
19812,076,612
85.51 296,461 80.74
19821,914,439
83.31 328,374 79.27
19831,668,971
68.17 247,935 74.24
19841,632,815
70.96 216,089 76.89
19851,626,490
74.22 276,054 76.16
19861,577,739
72.02 446,226 73.97
19871,852,920
72.75 464,426 79.06
19882,015,988
78.06 681,811 89.24
19892,252,282
96.73 800,563 85.20
19902,081,199
95.84 744,397 95.51
19912,141,958 104.73 681,161 103.10
19921,766,502 106.84 583,141 101.28
19931,544,904 104.28 588,564 95.63
19941,563,772 102.46 755,872 75.78
19951,329,590 130.04 542,694 113.24
19961,230,966 108.51 589,989 95.97
19971,247,092
89.54 611,888 72.28
19981,076,786
96.78 835,594 62.27
19991,024,223
82.64 753,147 60.51
2000992,062 94.01461,87478.54
2001856,164 96.58353,07486.00
2002893,184 84.31262,39571.10
2003760,965 82.39252,05082.58
2004744,356 75.89330,76062.28
2005918,475 83.71421,04261.44
2006841,646 92.67198,29247.57
2007863,947 119.43410,62548.48
20081,120,344
97.35 329,719 51.08
20091,013,598
55.78 160,849 58.16
20101,603,785
56.33 138,323 53.27
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce.
8
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2010
Table 7—Volume and average value of softwood lumber exports from the Seattle Customs District to all countries, by
species, 1965–2010
Total
Douglas-fir
Western hemlock
Other softwoods
Average
Average
Average
Average
YearVolume
valueVolume
value Volume
valueVolume
value
Million board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
1965
96 NA
62 NA
9 NA
25NA
1966
98 NA
63 NA
3 NA
32NA
1967
111 NA
68 NA
5 NA
38NA
1968 104 NA
66 NA
6 NA
33NA
1969 106 NA
70 NA
2 NA
34NA
1970 136 NA
76 NA
12 NA
47NA
1971 130 NA
89 NA
10 NA
32NA
1972
164 177.86
100 195.96
22 98.99
43176.10
1973
325 211.88
144 262.75
105 166.56
76178.33
1974
332 242.67
174 267.93
79 205.45
78224.26
1975
264 220.36
152 228.52
52 191.93
60224.40
1976
312 260.23
155 280.33
95 217.02
62275.88
1977
257 278.19
124 291.17
92 242.18
41320.55
1978
310 290.19
129 309.81
118 266.70
63294.06
1979414
401.5199
471.86 211
371.57104
395.90
1980
522 324.62
107 361.19
271 310.48
144324.13
1981
468 332.62
139 360.84
173 322.81
156318.31
1982
473 301.01
117 308.04
237 291.53
119313.02
1983
553 301.26
152 297.07
223 317.28
177284.66
1984
423 314.01
121 322.95
162 304.50
140317.24
1985
424 308.35
106 323.13
184 313.75
134289.26
1986
747 329.03
193 348.17
355 320.86
199325.01
1987
918 345.41
234 370.78
458 343.77
226321.98
1988
1,047 346.21
330 363.75
426 348.28
291323.32
1989
1,002 364.27
348 302.90
366 403.99
288408.18
1990
886 424.64
300 438.20
293 416.25
294421.18
1991
761 449.31
271 472.43
254 424.13
236449.84
1992
617 491.47
244 529.45
209 415.66
163531.85
1993
582 580.01
236 635.89
161 539.22
185544.22
1994
536 637.48
238 704.12
146 639.14
152531.39
1995
567 648.97
267 692.72
149 641.22
151579.33
1996
568 687.84
299 748.39
148 642.48
120593.20
1997
538 660.69
201 762.45
63 713.26
274573.92
1998282
609.7499
657.84 25
728.43158
560.64
1999
238 667.69
89 696.10
30 852.32
118598.95
9
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-857
Table 7—Volume and average value of softwood lumber exports from the Seattle Customs District to all countries, by
species, 1965–2010 (continued)
Total
Douglas-fir
Western hemlock
Other softwoods
Average
Average
Average
Average
YearVolume
valueVolume
value Volume
valueVolume
value
Million board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
2000263
605.0672
694.90 20
700.01171
556.44
2001201
603.6547
638.86 10
497.93143
599.34
2002180
615.6749
628.82 6
416.62125
620.60
2003194
650.9445
616.71 6
500.13143
667.65
2004
139 708.16
31 730.31
12 495.28
95727.15
2005
128 749.90
37 809.29
5 588.46
87733.82
2006
145 788.71
64 797.96
5 538.29
76796.32
2007
196 771.84
104 777.40
10 496.03
82796.31
2008
256 722.65
149 734.72
25 476.48
82777.30
2009
302 645.87
156 740.05
44 435.42
102592.79
2010
542 634.14
271 726.77
88 452.37
184584.39
NA = not available.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce.
10
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2010
Table 8—Volume and average value of softwood lumber exports from the Columbia-Snake Customs District to all
countries, by species, 1965–2010
Total
Douglas-fir
Western hemlock
Other softwoods
Average
Average
Average
Average
YearVolume
valueVolume
value Volume
valueVolume
value
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
illion board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
M
242 NA 223 NA
11 NA
237 NA 215 NA
9 NA
246 NA 217 NA
9 NA
273 NA 238 NA
5 NA
246 NA 216 NA
9 NA
274 NA 228 NA
22 NA
204 NA 179 NA
12 NA
242 229.39
222 236.06
9 112.13
475 309.68
389 327.79
65 188.54
388 318.98
323 332.98
45 223.32
353 295.09
263 315.86
73 216.16
387 365.57
323 384.21
51 225.95
292 394.31
249 412.17
33 236.43
275 443.46
245 452.34
17 265.25
426 631.60
328 699.47
69 393.73
463 561.77
342 623.19
68 357.18
466 441.75
312 470.44
95 379.24
415 434.95
302 460.46
70 292.09
469 418.66
361 445.80
72 272.89
526 376.39
375 404.05
96 259.55
482 357.69
321 389.09
118 265.39
404 415.74
271 458.75
97 299.18
535 456.08
361 495.76
109 345.85
771 434.96
463 495.40
162 373.35
942 506.07
598 555.17
170 428.19
693 566.07
443 630.19
110 448.56
669 574.47
455 625.94
117 438.65
560 621.01
413 651.75
72 480.55
493 735.58
367 764.90
51 575.84
412 816.39
301 856.33
45 661.62
454 763.18
342 771.91
39 630.34
443 790.00
357 824.08
24 635.64
332 763.69
198 857.46
14 546.54
187 735.17
123 793.15
7 568.05
201 757.15
136 819.71
15 634.94
201 744.92
138 837.92
14 531.41
111 765.45
84 785.14
5 386.60
69 713.31
41 750.72
8 422.54
61 721.59
33 823.03
11 370.22
52 834.77
33 946.86
5 363.63
24 808.96
10 1187.10
4 355.60
26 838.57
12 1164.87
1 614.39
36 659.18
12 993.00
1 807.79
37 830.35
20 936.88
5 674.99
42 678.77
20 934.14
4 566.59
26 803.48
14 860.92
6 679.39
NA = not available.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce.
8NA
13NA
20NA
29NA
21NA
24NA
13NA
11189.95
21349.63
20306.82
16315.10
13449.34
10469.56
13499.35
29542.65
53426.36
59390.55
44486.70
37478.61
55391.65
43375.97
36406.41
65420.01
145311.29
173412.88
141456.02
98497.84
75587.10
75700.60
66739.60
73793.66
62655.26
121636.06
56630.70
51624.50
49543.71
22775.77
19759.88
17746.24
14751.05
9596.29
14573.18
23474.54
13722.00
18415.04
5785.26
11
12
Sugar
pine
White
pine
Lodgepole
pine Engelmann
spruce
Sitka
spruce
1965 1,918,578314,346776,602 26,39538,85540,571
1966 1,966,836296,528 774,379 35,21137,706 49,107
1967 1,819,760317,393 760,936 33,31758,417111,995
1968 2,040,381358,069 698,117 42,42134,938 71,794
1969 1,831,821295,218 652,647 36,37783,936 92,132
1970 2,062,934 367,393 837,457 42,36790,768125,942
1971 1,662,483298,849771,152 34,85542,75042,135
1972 1,985,962262,267 754,423 33,77229,637 95,781
1973 1,614,694 287,848 750,289 44,96916,525124,607
1974 1,735,849305,767700,673 35,60324,69662,862
1975 1,859,458326,002 854,923 31,11030,931 81,713
1976 1,268,830230,006 629,486 21,12028,891 60,821
1977 1,714,208 268,450 761,204 31,47422,352109,875
1978 1,862,836 372,649 837,907 40,18415,461 63,415
1979 1,945,657 390,267 822,590 32,77515,367138,898
1980 2,036,853 318,056 706,859 33,67614,773122,721
1981 1,944,177 336,430 764,421 31,10410,725125,794
1982 1,837,759 260,715 667,280 30,92611,902130,687
1983 1,773,547 295,243 662,176 22,11611,005129,753
1984 1,740,340 276,669 646,407 25,13711,670144,280
1985 1,491,475 236,592 587,990 30,31211,366109,264
1986 2,094,394 386,494 814,884 29,70920,618 93,677
1987 1,876,085 286,167 680,770 34,52410,593 80,925
1988 1,790,538 289,044 643,546 39,43610,917136,398
1989 599,527222,795 452,393 17,288 5,891 69,981
1990 1,931,649 269,703 513,635 25,035 6,581158,096
1991 124,078 94,537 211,308 1,050 56186,157
1992 131,359 70,198 113,187 1,328 69573,563
1993 113,98543,974150,418 2,886 17820,082
1994 59,33337,560 21,418 1,847 33231,501
1995 161,107 72,291 87,349 2,885 98531,194
1996
66,447319,093 89,490 15,443 824 34,968
1997
61,852179,294 55,173 2,0862,56017,884
1998
31,883115,978 90,082
299 53541,860
1999
18,922 92,888 58,382
380 89833,223
Western
hemlock
Cedar
Larch
Noble fir and
Shasta red fir
Other true
All
firs
species
9,12216,069
718,47999,16558,424 71,222324,017
4,424,132
10,819 7,196755,726116,61467,216 105,202401,666
4,683,387
11,377 12,725609,780 96,23431,748 97,782362,242
4,374,499
12,695 14,025745,522112,99328,986 79,316358,078
4,637,869
7,729 9,890671,723110,91933,099 74,536392,745
4,363,143
23,387 12,161699,558124,067 85,265 120,792 479,973
5,128,462
16,02817,050
628,71696,81443,817 51,755363,324
4,094,686
9,967 11,956688,977115,78334,217 53,589412,988
4,517,127
7,870 18,410653,910102,885 28,005 35,331 419,943
4,133,468
7,14913,690
677,82272,02421,214 42,297451,138
4,175,910
12,955 16,842745,569110,71128,548 57,340334,672
4,515,556
7,453 4,824576,844 71,44336,670 67,680253,979
3,281,382
7,961 14,097708,569105,596 21,400 52,141 352,265
4,182,983
23,894 14,592676,873105,477 33,929 56,742 468,281
4,591,047
16,149 15,321796,519129,712 38,265 106,412 496,967
4,971,797
20,047 19,775671,012126,567 38,537 80,176 477,542
4,694,220
11,121 17,828711,204115,513 62,210 91,054 506,357
4,739,430
17,560 13,430673,672122,696 26,674 72,532 420,896
4,303,374
15,462 7,025564,168116,264 30,969 41,842 516,251
4,201,457
12,365 8,389536,458 95,038 18,682 64,631 439,762
4,054,833
19,164 11,981413,541 75,697 33,608 106,656 367,335
3,531,908
21,984 14,166698,341123,268 46,364 61,384 421,708
4,859,978
27,906 9,573495,796103,239 34,841 118,646 397,108
4,206,502
39,222 10,232330,541 99,038 66,308 49,729 407,048
4,267,356
30,314 2,358100,717 33,95038,834 24,497200,921
1,982,321
24,965 3,360278,068 71,847 69,441 41,829 384,564
4,270,541
11,480 32241,324 8,55125,920 9,085152,952
799,445
1,600 25139,227 6,696 9,452 7,186 69,772
534,968
4,356 61 7,272 3,5962,350 1,00747,025
412,700
1,816 45 9,454 3,126
10,251 1,30527,009
222,121
1,568 17629,358 8,012 7,953 19,606 51,284499,871
1,870 279 32,291 3,32612,484 10,883128,497769,512
82 1,18624,553 2,243 3,374 11,156 50,661452,332
47 93717,235 2,204 1,142 3,369 89,777413,415
196
710,241 1,450 2,375 4,970 36,114278,439
Thousand board feet, Scribner scale
Douglas-fir Ponderosa and
Year
West side
East side Jeffrey pines
Table 9—Volume of sawtimber sold on national forests, by selected species, Pacific Northwest Region, 1965–2010
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-857
White
pine
Lodgepole
pine Engelmann
spruce
Sitka
spruce
2363,493 34,857 157 015,880
12,32655,614 21,642
19 035,418
24,665110,040 28,268
0 1923,311
20,523191,225 32,050
462 2522,887
8,969201,727121,327 3,897 2513,394
3,582214,629 66,758
0 2413,919
a
237,614 58,122
7 12733,937
a
286,868 60,965
0 1927,325
a
244,080 74,112
0
035,724
a
384,252 37,825
0
024,052
a
204,328 49,078
0
024,310
Western
hemlock
Cedar
Larch
Other true
All
firs
species
037,894
155,084
028,276
170,771
3,339 31,942
257,780
90 37,639
352,337
272 68,296
456,744
0 58,978
387,988
736 63,186
417,101
2,206 38,617
461,018
8,226 50,526
445,795
21 54,190
545,310
1,444 39,184
371,574
Noble fir and
Shasta red fir
7 10 182 1,283 38
669
0 7,954 1,093 678
0 1,09411,408 1,133 4,165
958
533,855 4,451 11
12 29423,232 2,871 188
819
020,323 4,040 68
1,334
019,021 2,514 356
454
036,795 4,430 97
163
020,323 2,808 5,174
1,136
1428,183 2,156
4
641
938,875 442
0
Thousand board feet, Scribner scale
Sugar
pine
In 2006, west-side and east-side Douglas-fir were combined.
Source: Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Region; includes Oregon and Washington and a small portion of northern California.
a
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Douglas-fir Ponderosa and
Year
West side
East side Jeffrey pines
Table 9—Volume of sawtimber sold on national forests, by selected species, Pacific Northwest Region, 1965–2010 (continued)
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2010
13
14
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Sugar
pine
White
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Engelmannn Sitka
spruce
spruce
42.60 10.20 18.40 14.4022.00 8.40
50.00 11.80 21.10 23.2024.60 3.40
41.70 9.60 19.10 21.1024.60 3.20
61.20 20.10 23.90 27.9030.1010.40
82.20 32.20 46.60 58.2056.7015.10
41.90 8.40 20.30 30.0037.30 4.20
49.10 4.40 22.30 23.1022.30 5.20
71.70 15.60 38.40 26.0035.8010.60
138.10 60.40 77.70 60.5050.7038.40
202.40 68.20 110.60 139.10121.00 25.70
169.50 34.30 43.10109.9084.4015.40
176.20 38.60 79.40118.90
116.0040.20
225.90 71.20 138.40 162.80142.70 35.40
250.31 98.50 218.70 207.90123.70 41.60
394.30 81.70 238.00 237.30181.90 47.10
432.20 70.80 190.80 167.00102.80 44.60
350.20 94.00 206.40 174.50100.60 36.60
118.20 5.80 78.60 83.6050.0017.40
161.60 37.60134.30131.8074.3020.20
132.90 43.00143.70201.8093.2021.20
126.20 32.20166.00192.60
109.3014.20
160.70 34.10 196.30 199.10116.70 9.40
190.20 46.00 267.10 300.60220.10 18.00
256.04 83.52 295.45 253.55236.83 40.38
389.80 161.60 323.44 292.91272.66 68.90
466.35 149.07 297.78 341.35262.42 59.39
394.95 110.03 322.50 335.70187.53 92.40
477.21 183.78 487.91 454.16239.47103.74
317.75 254.53 595.26 531.45518.59156.52
652.36 307.87 318.20 588.27763.67155.72
453.38 143.57 253.19 433.58488.33136.01
398.98 267.68 165.67 58.21328.74 96.62
291.26 284.50 164.38 394.16250.67144.24
201.64 199.64 122.17 473.97233.02 82.66
393.98202.87 139.91127.31
270.75 94.92
Western
hemlock
Cedar
Larch
Noble fir and
Shasta red fir
Other
true firs
All
species
6.2022.8019.1015.90 8.90 20.90 10.2027.50
6.4032.0020.6016.20 9.20 28.80 12.4031.50
12.2022.2021.8053.90 8.50 20.40 12.9028.00
22.0034.2035.6022.4018.30 38.60 31.2042.40
30.4019.7045.1040.1030.40 46.10 42.6058.80
3.9011.7020.5014.7010.90 15.10 11.8026.70
8.0018.1020.6017.20 5.30 24.60 12.2030.10
27.2028.0049.0067.5013.50100.20 33.0053.20
55.6093.4099.20146.8053.90 81.40 73.80
102.80
50.20 72.60110.80217.00 11.00 136.20 80.90142.40
13.7075.9068.50119.20 5.80117.70 45.10
101.60
10.5083.1078.10
160.3020.30105.60 55.00113.20
36.50103.00 89.20149.60 62.10 128.90 85.10153.80
85.40109.50111.70206.60 56.40 122.50 99.10185.00
51.60227.90197.10329.10 90.50 211.30 189.80270.00
34.20306.50208.00301.00 43.60 241.80 167.90285.50
15.00238.00162.00168.70 69.70 161.02 103.80230.60
19.5049.5044.60
101.9037.50 28.40 40.0080.20
28.7030.0061.9088.7031.80 42.40 58.30112.50
21.0052.1061.20186.6042.50 92.60 43.5094.60
18.4077.7050.00123.7050.60 57.60 41.20
101.40
38.10 93.90 74.10156.30 48.50 84.30 47.70127.90
24.00 81.20103.70192.40 46.30 101.90 63.70161.50
51.92 98.28161.86259.18 80.74 134.21 89.94206.40
105.94 87.51222.47158.06132.73 203.00 149.42268.37
96.80138.53203.04266.30141.66 407.83 161.08330.00
141.31219.92164.10284.94 94.24 279.49 142.37224.61
143.96176.17164.68231.76258.95 193.34 183.42309.12
82.08524.91363.66367.31352.47 341.51 333.72407.96
216.00376.68334.80363.51482.19 449.81 250.13394.14
146.22175.10291.84 86.56271.48 285.36 217.78295.34
60.19107.67221.28497.17217.49 204.30 139.36231.78
109.56109.04191.381174.33156.28 227.50 128.18240.46
56.07 74.99101.41268.01218.60 165.08 84.17139.30
62.15 93.23 77.69196.44
278.23 273.58127.35180.67
Dollars per thousand board feet
Douglas-fir Ponderosa and
Year
West side
East side Jeffrey pines
Table 10—Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold on national forests, by selected species, Pacific Northwest Region, 1965–2010
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-857
White
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Engelmannn Sitka
spruce
spruce
747.86 123.20 111.36 397.16
0144.98
255.38 127.66 83.98 177.15
0101.62
152.56 189.52 87.75
010.00149.59
236.85146.15 54.99 75.91
125.8677.24
105.15 138.35 93.47 98.63274.46100.18
331.81 161.00 80.77
0206.34102.35
a 146.30 72.72 40.38262.63114.07
a110.61 53.27
0
393.55112.78
a 74.50 36.36
0 083.01
a 44.59 21.80
0 066.70
a 63.40 39.61
0 061.81
Western
hemlock
Cedar
Larch
Noble fir and
Shasta red fir
All
species
97.38120.63
62.38116.31
62.63158.74
47.50121.36
74.85107.31
91.22130.60
85.79123.24
98.2595.94
40.6065.22
42.6340.28
67.1959.37
Other
true firs
84.59139.46158.32560.04 65.16
0
257.05
0 56.14283.17156.14
0
0 85.71 64.71329.65177.18 24.43
79.8323.8592.86170.69
120.00633.41
65.00173.91 50.52113.61 86.83 75.29
119.67
0 71.80254.08284.29
0
183.04
0 82.92381.81275.99 253.00
242.91
022.18201.55
280.37 79.12
882.98
022.56
159.9995.06146.72
117.77229.8721.5286.7872.58
0
58.52371.6571.04
231.65 0 68.58
Dollars per thousand board feet
Sugar
pine
In 2006, west-side and east-side Douglas-fir were combined.
Source: Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Region; includes Oregon and Washington and a small portion of northern California.
a
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Douglas-fir Ponderosa and
Year
West side
East side Jeffrey pines
Table 10—Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold on national forests, by selected species, Pacific Northwest Region, 1965–2010 (continued)
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2010
15
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-857
Common NameScientific Name
Juniperus spp.
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco
Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.
Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.
Larix spp.
Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Laws.
Abies procera Rehd.
Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.
Abies shastensis (Lemmon)
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Pinus lambertiana Dougl.
Abies spp.
Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.
Pinus albicaulis Engelm.
Cedars
Douglas-fir
Engelmann spruce
Jeffrey pine
Larch
Lodgepole pine
Noble fir
Ponderosa pine
Shasta red fir
Sitka spruce
Sugar pine
True firs
Western hemlock
Whiteback pine
Metric Equivalents
When you know:
Board feet (logs)
Board feet (lumber)
Tons (short)
16
Multiply by:
4.53
2.36
.907
To get:
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Metric tons
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2010
Literature Cited
Austin, J.W. 1968–70. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest
forest industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
Quarterly.
Darr, D.R. 1970–72. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest forest
industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Quarterly.
Hamilton, T.E. 1964–68. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest
forest industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
Quarterly.
Holt, E.C. 1972–74. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest forest
industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Quarterly.
Lettman, G. 2008. Oregon State timber harvest. http://www.odf.state.or.us/
resource planning, timber harvest. (February 4, 2008).
Oregon Employment Department. 1965–2010. Oregon labor trends. Salem,
OR: Workforce and Economic Research Division. http://www.QualityInfo.org.
Monthly publications.
Ruderman, F.K. 1974–85. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest
forest industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
Quarterly.
U.S. Department of Commerce. 1965–2010. Foreign Trade Division of Economics
and Statistics Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. http://
dataweb.usitc.gov/. Web site updated monthly.
Warren, D.D. 1985–2010. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest
forest industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
Quarterly.
Washington State Employment Security Department. 1965–2010. Washington
Labor Market Quarterly Review. Olympia, WA: Labor Market and Economic
Analysis. http://www.workforceexplorer.com. Quarterly publication.
17
Pacific Northwest Research Station
Web site
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(503) 808-2592
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Portland, OR 97208-3890
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333 SW First Avenue
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